Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Archaeological tourism'

This doctoral thesis explores the relationship between archaeological tourism, World Heritage and social value in contemporary China. It intends to provide an innovative insight into such connections by scrutinizing the impact of archaeological tourism on the social values that local communities attribute to archaeological sites that are either inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites or in the process of becoming one. Archaeological tourism refers to people’s activity of consuming the past through visiting places of archaeological significance. In this doctoral thesis, the discussion concerning archaeological tourism focuses on specific types of archaeological sites; those that are either inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List or are in the process of achieving World Heritage Status. The growing commercialization of archaeological sites for tourism, compounded by the rising influence of the World Heritage List, has greatly affected the lives of communities in the immediate vicinity of archaeological sites. One way to comprehend such an effect is to analyze the changes in the social values assigned to those sites by their local residents. This is because archaeological tourism has an ability to (re)create and modify those social values attributed to archaeological sites by their local population, by changing their function, capacity, quality and meaning. In this process, the UNESCO World Heritage List also plays an important role in providing advice on the touristic transformation of these sites in preparation for World Heritage inscription, especially during the pre-nomination period.Set against this background, this doctoral thesis aims to analyze the impact of tourism on the social values that local communities attribute to archaeological sites that are either on the UNESCO World Heritage List or in the process of being assigned World Heritage status. The Daming Palace archaeological site and the Huashan rock art area are taken as its case studies. Both sites are excellent examples when it comes to representing Chinese archaeological sites in the two main phases of attaining World Heritage status; nomination and full designation. In order to achieve the general aim of this doctoral research, four objectives are proposed. The first is the identification ofthe main issues that have emerged from the current development of archaeological tourism in China. Secondly, this thesis critically examines the development of archaeological tourism at the two case study sites. Thirdly, an in-depth analysis is made of the perceptions and attitudes of local communities towards such development in the two cases studied. The final objective is the discussion of the impact of archaeological tourism on social values attributed to the two sites by their local communities with reference to the influence of the World Heritage List. To attain these objectives, the investigation undertaken in this doctoral thesis employs qualitative approaches under the theoretical framework of archaeological ethnography. The ultimate goal of the research is to encourage further reflection on the existing management mechanisms of archaeological heritage in China and worldwide.
Esta tesis doctoral analiza la relación entre turismo arqueológico, Patrimonio Mundial y valor social en China, proporcionando una visión innovadora en las conexiones establecidas entre cada uno de estos tres parámetros. Se pretende examinar el efecto que el turismo arqueológico está teniendo en los valores sociales que las comunidades locales atribuyen a los sitios arqueológicos que, o están inscritos ya como Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO, o que están en proceso de convertirse en tales. El primero de los elementos centrales en este trabajo es el “turismo arqueológico”, concepto con el que nos referimos a la actividad de consumir el pasado a través de la visita a lugares que contienen monumentos y otro tipo de cultural material del pasado. En muchas partes del mundo, los sitios arqueológicos se utilizan cada vez más para fines comerciales sobre todo mediante la promoción del turismo cultural, a la vez que, dada su capacidad para hacer propaganda narrativas nacionales y siguiendo una tradición establecida durante los dos últimos siglos, siguen siendo explotados como medio de promoción del nacionalismo. Con esto quiero dar a entender que estas dos funciones que acabo de exponer más arriba, por una parte la promoción de la identidad nacional y la educación del público sobre la narrativa nacional y por la otra el turismo arqueológico-cultural no son incompatibles, siendo este último el de más reciente aparición pero habiéndose convertido hoy en día en un componente cada vez más importante de la economía local e incluso nacional, puesto que fomenta la generación de ingresos y la creación de puestos de trabajo. El segundo de los elementos centrales a esta tesis doctoral es el Patrimonio Mundial. El análisis de la forma en la que el turismo está afectando a la arqueología se centrará no en todos los sitios arqueológicos sin distinción, sino en aquellos que ya han inscritos en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial o están en proceso avanzado de conseguirlo. Con “Lista del Patrimonio Mundial”. El valor social, el tercer elemento crucial en esta tesis doctoral, está relacionado con la reflexión sobre las comunidades locales en áreas de Patrimonio Mundial.

Doutoramento em Turismo
With this work we propose to analyze the perception of the concept of quality by managers of museums and archaeological sites. To this end, we chose to analyze some heritage areas open to the public and certified by HERITY - World Organisation for the Certification of Quality Management of Cultural Heritage, the only international certification of this kind which has been officially recognized by UNESCO and the World Tourism Organization. The application of the principles of quality and Total Quality Management to cultural heritage management is part of the efforts towards a continuous improvement of the cultural tourism offer and - in our opinion – towards an increasing capacity to promote intercultural dialogue between local population and visitors. In this context, we have therefore investigated the perception of quality within the context of cultural heritage management, and how the culture of quality can provide a greater involvement of local communities, contributing to the strengthening of authenticity and destination personality, as well as the promotion of intercultural dialogue between tourists and residents. To answer these questions, we have defined a theoretical model and subsequently carried out an empirical work at European level on the perception of quality by managers of cultural heritage sites, namely archaeological heritage. An in-depth comprehension of areas such as Archeology, Tourism and Quality Management, as well as its role within the broader context of sustainable regional development, are the basis of this work. The latter is intended, in turn, to be a vehicle of reflection within the creation of public policies on territorial management and tourism development. We thus undertook a research line which is still almost unexplored, that is, the analysis of quality principles within the cultural heritage management, their potential and the measurement of their actual impact on the territory, through an integrated approach, by considering in a specular, complex way the two main beneficiaries: residents and tourists.
Com o presente trabalho nos propomos de analisar a perceção do conceito de qualidade por parte dos gestores dos museus e sítios arqueológicos. Para tal, escolhemos analisar algumas áreas patrimoniais abertas ao publico e certificadas por HERITY - World Organisation for the Certification of Quality Management of Cultural Heritage, única certificação internacional deste género e cuja importância já foi oficialmente reconhecida pela UNESCO e pela Organização Mundial do Turismo. A aplicação dos princípios da qualidade e do Total Quality Management à gestão do património cultural se insere nos esforços para uma melhoria contínua da oferta cultural e turística e – no nosso entender – no aumento da capacidade de promover o diálogo intercultural entre população residente e visitantes. Nos questionamos portanto sobre a percepção do significado de Qualidade no âmbito da gestão do património cultural, e de que forma a cultura da qualidade pode proporcionar um maior envolvimento das comunidades locais, contribuindo assim para o reforço da autenticidade e do caracter do destino, bem como do diálogo intercultural entre turistas e residentes. Para responder a estas perguntas, procuramos definir um modelo teórico que, a seguir, confrontamos com os resultados de um trabalho empírico de âmbito europeu sobre a perceção da qualidade por parte dos gestores do património cultural, nomeadamente arqueológico. O estudo aprofundado do que é a Arqueologia, o Turismo e a Qualidade e a reflexão do papel destes três domínios no âmbito mais abrangente do desenvolvimento territorial sustentável representam a base deste trabalho, que se propõe por sua vez de ser um veículo de reflexão no âmbito da criação das políticas públicas de gestão do território e de desenvolvimento turístico. Empreendemos assim uma linha de investigação ainda pouco explorada, dedicada à analise dos princípios da qualidade no âmbito da gestão do património, às suas potencialidades e à medição dos seus efetivos impactos no território, através de uma abordagem integrada e considerando duma forma não convencional, mas sim especular e complexa os dois principais beneficiários: população residente e turistas.

There are about 300 archaeological open-air museums in Europe. Their history goes from Romanticism up to modern-day tourism. With the majority dating to the past 30 years, they do more than simply present (re)constructed outdoor sceneries based on archaeology. They have an important role as education facilities and many showcase archaeology in a variety of ways. Compared to other museum categories, archaeological open-air museums boast a wide variety of manifestations. This research assesses the value of archaeological open-air museums, their management and their visitors, and is the first to do so in such breadth and detail. After a literature study and general data collection among 199 of such museums in Europe, eight archaeological open-air museums from different countries were selected as case studies. They included museums in a very varied state with different balances between public versus private funding levels on the one hand, and on the other the proportion of private individuals to educational groups among their visitors. The issue of ‘quality’ was investigated from different perspectives. The quality as assessed by the museum management was recorded in a management survey; the quality as experienced by their visitors was also recorded using a survey. In addition on-site observations were recorded. Management and visitors have different perspectives leading to different priorities and appreciation levels. The studies conclude with recommendations, ideas and strategies which are applicable not just to the eight archaeological open-air museums under study, but to any such museum in general. The recommendations are divided into the six categories of management, staff, collections, marketing, interpretation and the visitors. They are designed to be informative statements of use to managers across the sector.

To date, GIS has been rarely used as a planning tool to support archaeological tourism, despite the widespread archaeological application of GIS more generally. Archaeological tourism can be defined as travel to experience places, activities and artefacts that authentically present stories and peoples of the past. This study examines the role of GIS in archaeological heritage tourism and planning using, as a case study, Najran region in Saudi Arabia. As well as being an important historic trading hub, Najran includes significant archaeological sites, therefore it has the potential to be an alternative for tourists who might be looking at Yemen as a tourist destination especially when Saudi Arabia starts issuing tourist visas. As an initial step, governmental archaeological records were combined with information from a literature review and fieldwork to develop a geospatial archaeological heritage database for Najran. Simultaneously, data on tourism accommodation and facilities were collated through a mixture of field surveys, Internet sources such as OpenStreetMap, and local tourism-promotion materials. Sieve analysis of the resulting spatial databases suggest that there are six archaeological tourist sites with high potential based on archaeology, accessibility and site characteristics. With the city of Najran dominating the provision of tourism accommodation and facilities, the most appropriate role for GIS is likely to be in combining knowledge of the spatial distribution of archaeological sites with tourism and amenities. The next step was to conduct a consumer survey to evaluate selected archaeological tourist sites, where the results indicate that those sites located outdoors are more likely to be visited in the future. The final step was to characterise the landscapes around the potential archaeological tourist sites in the Najran region, e.g. mountains, vegetation, wadis etc. This thesis provides a GIS-based management tool for the development of tourism in Najran Province in line with the rapidly developing national tourism policy.

O presente trabalho busca refletir sobre a importância de uma abordagem interdisciplinar na Arqueologia, em especial acerca do papel do Turismo como disciplina útil e interessante para fomentar uma reflexão sobre projetos que visem a uma Arqueologia descolonizante e cumpridora de seu papel social. Neste estudo, outras duas disciplinas se mostram importantes, a saber, a Antropologia e a Museologia. A partir de exemplos internacionais que propiciam elementos para incrementar o debate sobre como o Turismo Arqueológico vem sendo pensado em outras realidades, realiza-se aqui uma breve análise acerca de atrativos arqueológicos nacionais desenvolvidos para o Turismo Convencional brasileiro. Essas discussões permeiam três estudos de caso em que o Turismo inserido em projetos de Arqueologia foi propulsor de reflexões sobre os bens patrimoniais, dando ensejo a possibilidades de sustentabilidade e inclusão social para as comunidades envolvidas
The present work aims to ponder on the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in Archaeology, in particular on the role of Tourism as an useful e interesting discipline to stimulate reflections about projects with the aim of a decolonizing Archaeology which is aware of its social role. In the study carried out in this thesis other two disciplines are important, namely Anthropology e Museology. From international examples that provide elements to instigate a debate over how Archaeological Tourism has been understood in other realities, here is presented a brief analysis of archaeological attractions developed for the national archaeological Conventional Tourism in Brazil. These discussions permeate three case studies in which Tourism, inserted in archaeological projects spurred reflections about patrimonial property, creating opportunities of sustainability e social inclusion for the communities involved

O conhecimento das sociedades através do estudo de seus vestígios arqueológicos remanescentes é feito pela Arqueologia. Atualmente, sua área de abrangência ultrapassa o limite do objeto em questão, envolvendo também, o contexto em que este se insere. Mais do que isto, a partir da década de 1980, a Arqueologia tem favorecido a aproximação e o engajamento entre arqueólogos, comunidades, turismólogos e demais partes interessadas proporcionado um entendimento mais profundo não só do passado, mas dos atuais usos que se faz do passado. Assim, frente a estas considerações iniciais, pensou-se nesta Tese de Doutorado junto ao programa de Pós-Graduação em Arqueologia, do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia (MAE), da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva que tem como objetivo geral Socializar o Patrimônio Arqueológico no Estado de São Paulo a partir de recomendações para a elaboração de plano de gestão em áreas arqueológicas. Apresenta-se dividida em quatro capítulos: o primeiro discorre sobre a memória, identidade e o patrimônio em tempos de globalização, em seguida, traz uma discussão sobre a intersecção da Arqueologia e do Turismo enquanto parceiros ou rivais na socialização do patrimônio arqueológico, já o terceiro capítulo descreve os estudos de caso estrangeiros e nacionais, pontua suas respectivas ações de socialização inserida no seu atual cenário institucional. No quarto capítulo são elencadas recomendações gerais que devem ser mensuradas frente à elaboração em um amplo plano de gestão em áreas arqueológicas.
The knowledge societies through the study of its archaeological remnants is made by archeology. Currently, their coverage area beyond the boundary of the object in question, involving also the context in which it occurs. More than that, from the 1980s, the Archaeology has favored closer relations and engagement between archaeologists and communities, tourismologist and stakeholders provided a deeper understanding not only of the past but the present uses made of the past. Thus, given these initial considerations, it was thought this Doctoral Thesis at the Graduate Program in Archaeology, Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology (MAE), University of São Paulo (USP). This exploratory and descriptive research the general purpose is Socialize Archaeological Heritage in São Paulo from recommendations for the preparation of management plan in archaeological areas. It presents four chapters: the first is about the memory, identity and socialization heritage in globalization, then brings a discussion about the intersection of Archaeology and Tourism as partners or rivals in the socialization of archaeological heritage, as the third chapter describes the foreign and nationals case studies and punctuates their respective his actions of socialization heritage, and finally, approach the general recommendations for the preparation of the management plan in archaeological areas.

Este resumo revela o que será a minha dissertação, destinada a analisar informação textual e iconográfica recolhida sobre os trabalhos arqueológicos realizados no sítio arqueológico da Villa Cardillio, em Torres Novas, nomeadamente informação relacionada à sua valorização turística. Também não esquecendo a ligação da arqueologia com o turismo em contexto global, a caracterização geográfica e geológica da Villa Cardillio e a sua relação com o quadro da romanização da Lusitânia. Neste sentido, proceder-se-á à caracterização do sítio e do território em que se encontra situado, ao mesmo tempo que se procederá à sua análise à luz da história da arqueologia e, mais especificamente, da ligação estabelecida ao longo dos tempos entre o sítio e o movimento turístico organizado em seu torno, cotejando-o a casos similares, designadamente dos que se encontrem geograficamente mais próximos. Por fim, serão dadas sugestões de forma a potenciar o sítio turisticamente, bem como a divulgação de acções realizadas sobre ele para a sua promoção e salvaguarda e o que poderá ser feito mais sobre a Villa Cardillio, noutro trabalho ou projecto de investigação, que não foi possível concretizar nesta dissertação, devido à pandemia que surgiu e persiste neste momento; Villa Cardillio – contribution to the history of valorization of an archaeological site Abstract: This abstract shows what my dissertation will be, which aims to analyze textual and iconographic information collected from the archaeological works carried out at the archaeological site of Villa Cardillio, in Torres Novas, namely information related to its touristic valorization. Also not forgetting the connection between archaeology with tourism in a global context, the geographical and geological characterization of Villa Cardillio and its relation with the romanization of Lusitania. In this sense, the site and the territory in which it is located will be characterized, while the site will be analyzed in the light of the history of archaeology and, more specifically, the connection established over time between the site and the touristic movement organized around it, comparing it to similar cases, namely those that are geographically closer. Finally, will be given suggestions to enhance touristically the site, as well as spreading actions done about it for its promotion and safeguard and what can be done more about Villa Cardillio, in another work or research project, that could not be completed in this dissertation, due to the pandemic that emerged and still persists at this time.

A arqueologia brasileira, bem como o próprio patrimônio arqueológico, ainda é pouco conhecida de grande parte da sociedade nacional. Esta tese defende o Turismo Arqueológico como uma atividade capaz de difundir essa ciência e, principalmente, capaz de proteger o patrimônio arqueológico. Essa defesa baseia-se (i) em discussões sobre a vulnerabilidade desse patrimônio devido, em parte, aos próprios estudos arqueológicos que estão sendo realizados no país por conta de grandes obras (gasodutos, polidutos, estradas, hidrelétricas etc.); (ii) no detalhamento conceitual de aspectos teóricos e práticos do turismo; (iii) na síntese de princípios de melhores práticas que podem auxiliar na implantação e desenvolvimento de projetos de Turismo Arqueológico dentro dos preceitos de sustentabilidade; (iv) na ênfase da importância da Interpretação Patrimonial para o planejamento da comunicação com os visitantes de locais com patrimônio culturais. A tese apresenta uma gama de atrativos arqueoturísticos diferentes entre si, mas pensados em complementariedade, destinados ao município de Iranduba, estado do Amazonas (Amazônia central brasileira). As propostas apresentadas mostram que é viável aproveitar turisticamente o patrimônio arqueológico local, embora lhe falte monumentalidade, e podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de propostas similares país a fora
Brazilian archeology, along with its archeological heritage, is still little known to the great majority of the Brazilian society. This thesis maintains that Archeological Tourism is an activity not only able to disseminate the knowledge of archeological science but also and mainly to protect the archeological heritage. It is based on (i) discussions about this heritage\'s vulnerability partly due to archeological studies being carried out in Brazil as a result of the construction of great infrastructure projects (e.g. oil and gas pipelines, roads, hydroelectric dams and so forth); the conceptual exposition of theoretical and practical aspects of Tourism; (iii) the summary of Best Practice principles that might help to develop and implement projects in Archeological Tourism following the rules of sustainability. (iv) the emphasis on the importance of Heritage Interpretation for planning the communication with visitors to cultural heritage sites. This thesis proposes a series of attractive archeological tourism products for the municipality of Iranduba, in the state of Amazonas (Brazilian Central Amazon), that although diverse, are meant to complement each other in their purposes and uses. The presented proposals show the feasibility of using the local archeological heritage touristically, even if this lacks monumentality, helping with the development of similar proposals around the country

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The tourist activity , which appropriates spaces and natural , cultural , social and economic scenarios in a given locality , requires a model of integrated development necessarily reconciling the support of residents. In this perspective , this study aims to analyze the factors influencing the support of residents in tourism development in archaeological sites , specifically in the two counties of Parelhas and Carna?ba dos Dantas , in Rio Grande do Norte, in the region of Serid? Potiguar as well as the interrelationship existing between these factors . To achieve the proposed objective of the research , a descriptive -exploratory and quantitative study based on the study of Nunkoo and Hamkisson (2012 ) , using the technique of Structural Equation Modeling - SEM to explain the relationships of the constructs used in this research. Data collection was performed during the periodof May 2013 to July 2013. Among other studies, results indicate that , for the profile of the interviewees used , the higher the confidence of the community residing in the government agencies responsible for, the largest tourism will support the resident to the tourism development and that this supply relationship institutions and government agencies an opportunity to enhance their development strategies and social thinking of the resident agent of tourism . It was also found that the analysis model proposed has a better structural relationship when used interviewees who have knowledge about the activities in the archaeological sites , then suggesting the need for further research on the effect of the level of knowledge of the interviewee on the object and support of residents to tourism development
A atividade tur?stica, que se apropria de espa?os e cen?rios naturais, culturais, sociais e econ?micos em uma determinada localidade, requer um modelo de desenvolvimento integrado, conciliando necessariamente o apoio dos residentes. Nesta perspectiva, este estudo se prop?e a analisar os fatores capazes de influenciar o apoio da comunidade residente no desenvolvimento do turismo em s?tios arqueol?gicos, especificamente nos dois munic?pios de Parelhas e Carna?ba dos Dantas, na regi?o do Serid? Potiguar, assim como a inter-rela??o existente entre esses fatores. Para alcan?ar o objetivo proposto pela pesquisa, foi realizado um estudo de car?ter descritivo-explorat?rio e quantitativo baseado no estudo de Nunkoo e Hamkisson (2012), utilizando-se a t?cnica de Modelagem de Equa??es Estruturais - MEE para explicar as rela??es dos constructos usados nessa pesquisa. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante o per?odo de Maio de 2013 a Julho de 2013. Entre outros estudos, resultados indicam que, para o perfil de entrevistados utilizado, quanto maior a confian?a da comunidade residente nos ?rg?os governamentais respons?veis pelo turismo maior ser? o apoio do residente ao desenvolvimento do turismo e que dessa rela??o oferta as institui??es e aos ?rg?os governamentais uma possibilidade de aprimorar as suas estrat?gias de desenvolvimento pensando no residente como agente social do turismo. Verificou-se tamb?m que o modelo de an?lise proposto apresenta uma melhor rela??o estrutural quando utilizados entrevistados que t?m conhecimento sobre as atividades desenvolvidas nos s?tios arqueol?gicos, sugerindo ent?o a necessidade de uma maior investiga??o sobre o efeito do n?vel de conhecimento do entrevistado sobre o objeto e o apoio deste residente ao desenvolvimento do turismo

Using only one line of evidence for a study of historic sites can be problematic if it does not provide a complete picture of the material culture or lifeways of a people, group, or community. In order to understand the ideas and objects, of culture present at historic sites, it is necessary to use archaeological methodologies with vernacular architecture studies and folklore to create a more holistic image of the world and its inhabitants. To facilitate this, I conducted original research on a mineral spring resort, Massey Springs Resort (Massey Springs) in Warren County, Kentucky, a popular resort in the early 1900s. This project examines the site in terms of its archaeological resources, primary and secondary archival data, and vernacular architectural resources. Since there are no standing structures, Massey Springs is worthwhile example of the explicit need of using a multidisciplinary and integrated approach to investigate past lifeways.

The study of social memory is not purely a historical or anthropological endeavor. Archaeology can provide a considerable amount of evidence about how and why people remembered. In this case study, the Colosseum will be studied in the broader sense of being a monument of damnatio memoriae and commemorative memory; the very act of building it can be seen as a form of “recutting” the landscape to fit the image Vespasian wanted to convey of his predecessor. The Colosseum will also be studied in an even larger historical context. This will involve analyzing the manner in which it was memorialized during the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and by British visitors during the Victorian era. I will end the case study with an analysis of Benito Mussolini’s use of antiquity and the Colosseum to propagate Fascism. Lastly, the concept of cultural heritage and the institutions that uphold it, particularly UNESCO, will be put into question. In illustrating the fluidity of interpretations of the past, in this case through material culture, I argue that the endeavor to codify them by establishing World Heritage sites is problematic because of their subjectivity to modern agendas. However, in order to understand changing attitudes and memories associated with a single monument, one must first explore the nature of social memory.

Le site de Chellah situé à Rabat au Maroc rassemble des témoignages archéologiques et historiques allant de la période pré punique aux sultans mérinides. Le site n'est actuellement pas mis en valeur voire à l'abandon. Par le biais de ce travail de recherche, une proposition opérationnelle de mise en valeur du site de Chellah à travers la création d'un musée de site est mise en avant. Cette proposition se base sur l'évolution des notions de patrimoine, musées et tourisme dans la période contemporaine à la fois en Europe et au Maroc et sur l'analyse de trois études de cas (Montréal, Saint-Romain en Gal et Saragosse) en mesure de dégager des éléments de réussite quant à la transformation d'un musée de site en vecteur de développement local. Une approche scientifique poussée, combinée à une prise en compte des problématiques économiques, principalement touristiques font figure d'éléments déterminant dans la durabilité des musées de sites. Le musée devient ainsi un outil de développement à caractère interdisciplinaire. Ces facteurs de réussite sont repris dans la proposition de musée de site pour Chellah où l'ensemble du projet muséographique est détaillé tout en prenant en compte les spécificités socio-économiques du Maroc et de Rabat.

Dissertação de mestrado em Património Histórico e Turismo Cultural
O turismo é, na atualidade, um fenómeno global, com grandes taxas e grande impacto na economia mundial, uma vez que é um factor preponderante no desenvolvimento económico, social e cultural das sociedades. Este dinamismo do turismo é traduzido em impactes positivos e negativos, oportunidades e ameaças, o que exige uma necessidade de realização de modelos de gestão turística sustentáveis. Este pode ser dividido em vários segmentos, entre eles, o que tem sido alvo de maior crescimento na procura por parte dos turistas/visitantes, isto é, o turismo cultural, onde o conhecimento de novos contextos culturais e o enriquecimento cultural individual, aliados à ocupação do tempo de lazer, são as matrizes deste segmento turístico. Dentro do turismo cultural abordou-se em particular o turismo arqueológico. Desta forma, entende que este pode constituir, em muitos casos, uma alavanca para a salvaguarda/proteção, para o estudo e para a divulgação do património arqueológico. No entanto, e atendendo às características e especificidades deste património, o planeamento de desenvolvimento turístico do património arqueológico apresenta-se como um desafio com dificuldades acrescidas. Como estudo de caso escolhemos a Citânia de Briteiros, um sítio arqueológico que corresponde a um dos locais mais importantes da Idade do Ferro do NO da Ibéria e cuja área envolvente contempla também outros sítios arqueológicos. A metodologia aqui aplicada baseou-se, essencialmente, na administração de questionário aos visitantes, na realização de entrevistas a agentes locais e na observação direta no local. Assim, o presente estudo propõe um plano de ação flexível, que visa a renovação do produto turístico Citânia de Briteiros, tendo em conta as motivações e as perceções dos seus visitantes e dos agentes locais, bem como as melhores práticas de um turismo sustentável.
Tourism is, at present, a global phenomenon with high rates and a big impact on the world economy since it is a major factor in the economic, social and cultural development of societies. This dynamism of tourism results both in positive and negative impacts, opportunities and threats, which requires a demand for sustainable tourism management models. This can be divided into several segments, among them, the one that has been target of greatest growth in demand for tourists / visitors, that is, cultural tourism, in which knowledge of new cultural contexts and the individual cultural enrichment together with leisure time are the basis of this tourism segment. Within cultural tourism, we highlight archaeological tourism. In this way, it is believed that this may in many cases represent a lever for the safeguard / protection, study and dissemination of archaeological heritage. However, given the characteristics and particularities of this heritage, the planning of tourism development of the archaeological heritage presents itself as a challenge with increased difficulties. Citânia de Briteiros was chosen as a case study, it is an archaeological site that corresponds to one of the most important sites of the Iron Age of the Iberian NO and whose surrounding area includes other archaeological sites. The methodology used here was essentially based on the administration of a questionnaire to visitors, interviews with local agents and direct observation at the site. Thus, the present study proposes a flexible plan of action aimed at the renewal of the tourist product Citânia de Briteiros taking into account the motivations and perceptions of its visitors and local agents as well as the best practices of sustainable tourism.

This dissertation comparatively explores and critically evaluates the historical and traditional notions that are commonly held by Christian pilgrims visiting the Holy Land; and it does so by examining the archaeological, historical, and literary evidence, with specific reference to the existent material remnants that are closely associated with the burial of Christ Jesus. The research will highlight the impact that biblical archaeological findings and the results thereof have had on these identified pilgrimage sites. Both the strengths and the weaknesses of the evidence will be enumerated; and the implications for the practice and significance of pilgrimages will be set out.
Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies
M.A. (Biblical Archaeology)