Journal articles: 'Archdiocese of Tripoli (Lebanon)'

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Tadmouri, Rida, and Hamdi Sief. "Sustainability Management of Solid Waste in Tripoli Lebanon Landfill." MATEC Web of Conferences 281 (2019): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928103003.

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Municipal waste management is an important component of ecosystem and one of the essential part in sustainable development. This paper analyzes Tripoli landfill’s situation. According to Municipality of Tripoli, the average production of waste reached 148.5 million in 2015 where all of these waste was dumped in north of the city which leads to many environmental and health crises. The maximum height point in the landfill reached 30 m in 2013 which is more than acceptable engineered height. The paper took Tripoli landfill as case study to account for the amount of economic and environmental benefits if it is subjected to around zero waste management. The study takes into account the waste generated in 2015 till 2065 by assuming 1.5 % growth in population. As a result lots of economical, healthful and environmental benefits can be extracted if the generated waste is subjected to composting, recycling, reuse and incineration instead of throwing them.

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مرسي علي, محمد محمد. "نصوص الإنشاء و التجديد بالعمائر الدينية بمدينة طرابلس الشام في العصر العثماني : دراسة في المضمون." Abgadiyat 12, no. 1 (June 6, 2017): 44–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138609-01201014.

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This paper deals with the study of ten foundation inscriptions on the Ottoman monuments in Tripoli, Lebanon. The inscriptions found in eight monuments, such as Awayseya Mosque (940 AH/1534), Madrassa al-Mahmoudiyah (995 AH/1587), Tawbah Mosque (1021 AH/1612) and Mahmoud al-Sangak Minaret (1295 AH/1878). The foundation inscriptions contains five basic elements, the Basmala or pious invocation to God, a verb indicating what was done, the object of the work, the name of the patron and the date of construction. The paper is a comparative analysis in Ottoman foundation inscriptions in Tripoli, Lebanon.

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Merhaby, Dima, Sopheak Net, Jalal Halwani, and Baghdad Ouddane. "Organic pollution in surficial sediments of Tripoli harbour, Lebanon." Marine Pollution Bulletin 93, no. 1-2 (April 2015): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.01.004.

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FOSSE, ERIK, HANS HUSUM, and CHRIS GIANNOU. "The Siege of Tripoli 1983: War Surgery in Lebanon." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 28, no. 5 (May 1988): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-198805000-00017.

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Habibis, Daphne. "Millenarianism and Mahdism in Lebanon." European Journal of Sociology 30, no. 2 (November 1989): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600005877.

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The image of the Ayatollah Khomeini is inextricably bound up with the popular conception of Islam today. This view of Islam as a religion of fanaticism and violence ignores the existence of a powerful mystical strand in the form of Sufism in which a philosophy of love is central. Between 1980 and 1981, as part of my doctoral research, I spent six months in the northern Lebanese city of Tripoli, living with the pupils of a Sufi sheik. This group had millenarian beliefs which acted, not as a means of violent insurrection, but rather as a means of reconciling the contradictory and often violent forces to which they were subjected.

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Khoder, Ghalia, Sara Mina, Ibrahim Mahmoud, Jibran Sualeh Muhammad, Rania Harati, and Christophe Burucoa. "Helicobacter pylori Infection in Tripoli, North Lebanon: Assessment and Risk Factors." Biology 10, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10070599.

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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection occurs among half of the general population worldwide, with high geographic variability. Even though H. pylori is the leading cause of several gastric diseases, ranging from gastritis and peptic ulcers to gastric malignancies, such as gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, most of the infections remain asymptomatic. Early detection and eradication of H. pylori can definitely prevent severe long-term gastric diseases associated with H. pylori. In Lebanon, the prevalence of H. pylori is not well documented, especially in healthy subjects. The aim of this study is to assess H. pylori infections and the associated risk factors in Tripoli, North Lebanon. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 healthy Lebanese volunteers, including both children and adults. The H. pylori stool antigens were detected using the Premier Platinum HpSA test. The socio-demographic data, lifestyle characteristics, and gastrointestinal characteristics of all participants were analyzed. Out of the 300 tested volunteer subjects, 31% were found to be positive for H. pylori. A multivariate binary logistic regression analysis for factors associated with H. pylori infection revealed a significant association between H. pylori infection and gastrointestinal disturbances, the crowding index, and occupation. A significant statistical correlation was found between sheesha smoking (p = 0.001) and H. pylori infection. These findings highlight the need for the development of preventive approaches and strategic indications for the appropriate treatment of H. pylori infections in Tripoli, North Lebanon.

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Lahoud, Adrian. "Architecture, the city and its scale: Oscar Niemeyer in Tripoli, Lebanon." Journal of Architecture 18, no. 6 (November 26, 2013): 809–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2013.856931.

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Donovan, Joshua. "Agency, Identity and Ecumenicalism in the American Missionary Schools of Tripoli, Lebanon." Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 30, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 279–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2019.1656517.

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Ramadan-Jaradi, Ghassan. "Annotated Checklist of the Marine and Coastal Birds of Lebanon." Lebanese Science Journal 21, no. 1 (June 27, 2020): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22453/lsj-021.1.037-053.

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The study of marine and coastal birds in the Lebanon recorded 75speciesalong the shore line of Lebanon and for a distance of 7 kms offshore.Of those species,35 are seabirdspecies, 38 marine or seawater/freshwater coastal birds, and 2waterbird specieswintering on the archipelagoes of Mina/Tripoli in North Lebanon (Grey Heron and Little Egret)with apparently much affinity to seawater in the winter season. This study highlighted 3 globally threatened species (Leach’s Storm Petrel Hydrobates leucorhoa [Vulnerable], Mediterranean Yelkouan Shearwater Puffinus yelkouan [Vulnerable], and Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus [Vulnerable]), underlined7 globally Near Threatened avian species, pointed out to 3 species that may be submitted for reconsideration bythe “Lebanon Bird Record Committee” (LBRC) at LCNRS;and updated the data of 9species of high significance from the past studies, of which, 2 species are upgraded from vagrants to winter visitors/passage migrants, one to passage migrant and one to wintervisitor..Regarding the final phenological statusesof species, one is resident breeding, one is summer breeding, 3 are formerly bred, one extirpated (extinct) from Lebanon 31are passage migrant/winter visitors, 25passage migrantsonly, 2winter visitors and 14vagrant species.

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Schlaepfer, Aline. "Sidon against Beirut: Space, Control, and the Limits of Sectarianism within the Jewish Community of Modern Lebanon." International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 424–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743821000180.

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AbstractWhen the State of Greater Lebanon was established in 1920, the Jewish Community Council of Beirut was officially recognized as the central administrative body within Lebanon, and although smaller communities such as Sidon and Tripoli also had their own councils they were consequently made subject to the authority of Beirut. In this context of political overhaul, I argue that some Jewish actors made use “from below” of political opportunities provided by sectarianism “from above”—or national sectarianism—to garner control over all Jewish political structures in Lebanon. But by examining in particular activities in and around the Israelite Community Council in Sidon (al-Majlis al-Milli al-Isra'ili bi-Sayda), I show how and why these attempts to practice new forms of sectarianism were met with resistance, despite connections that tied Lebanon's Jews together administratively in one community.

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El-Kassas, Germine, and Fouad Ziade. "Exploration of the Risk Factors of Generalized and Central Obesity among Adolescents in North Lebanon." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2879075.

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Adolescents’ obesity is an emerging public health problem globally and in the Arab countries. Alarming rates of overweight/obesity have been rising progressively in Lebanon. However, the risk factors for the development of adolescents’ obesity have not yet been thoroughly explored in North Lebanon. To determine the dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with generalized and central obesity among adolescents living in Tripoli, a cross-sectional survey was conducted including a representative sample of 311 students aged 11–16 years from both sexes chosen from public and private schools in Tripoli. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire to determine sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, and physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Body mass index (BMI) was evaluated using the Center for Disease Control BMI for age percentiles. Central obesity was assessed using both waist-to-height ratio and gender-specific waist circumference for age indices. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that skipping breakfast and physical inactivity were the most significant independent risk factors associated with both generalized and central obesity. In addition, higher screen time and male gender were associated with increased risk for generalized and central obesity, respectively. Intervention strategies to prevent the development of obesity should be implemented among adolescent students to encourage regular breakfast intake and adopting healthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors.

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Kalaoun, Omar, Ahmad Al Bitar, Jean-Philippe Gastellu-Etchegorry, and Mustapha Jazar. "Impact of Demographic Growth on Seawater Intrusion: Case of the Tripoli Aquifer, Lebanon." Water 8, no. 3 (March 16, 2016): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w8030104.

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Yathreb, S. "Analysis of a Residential Building Energy Consumption as “Base Model” in Tripoli, Lebanon." International Journal of Energy Production and Management 1, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eq-1-4-359-370.

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Yathreb, S. "Analysis of a Residential Building Energy Consumption as “Base Model” in Tripoli, Lebanon." International Journal of Energy Production and Management 1, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eq-v1-n4-359-370.

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Rafei, R., I. Al Kassaa, M. Osman, F. Dabboussi, and M. Hamze. "Molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter isolates from broiler slaughterhouses in Tripoli, North of Lebanon." British Poultry Science 60, no. 6 (July 31, 2019): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2019.1645945.

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Skaf, Ali, Sid Lamrous, Zakaria Hammoudan, and Marie-Ange Manier. "Integrated quay crane and yard truck scheduling problem at port of Tripoli-Lebanon." Computers & Industrial Engineering 159 (September 2021): 107448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2021.107448.

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Fang, Da Jing, Jun Huang, Ya Ping Wang, Er Bu Shen, Shun Kai Li, and Liu Qing Tu. "A Study on Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection for Wharf Steel Pile of Tripoli Lebanon." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.228.

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In this paper, the sacrificial anode protection system for steel pile of Tripoli wharf (Lebanon) was studied. Optimal average protection current densities were selected for steel pipe/sheet pile of seaside zone back filled zone and sea mud zone. Based on field test and investigation, we found that the optimal average protection current density for seaside zone is 0.060 A/m2, back filled zone 0.030 A/m2 and sea mud zone 0.025 A/m2, respectively.

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Salhab, R., Z. Olama, and H. Holail. "The Effect of Organic Pollution and Risk Factor along the Tripoli Harbour-North Lebanon." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 10, 2016): 318–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.501.030.

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Elias, Ata, Paul Tapponnier, Satish C. Singh, Geoffrey C. P. King, Anne Briais, Mathieu Daëron, Helene Carton, et al. "Active thrusting offshore Mount Lebanon: Source of the tsunamigenic A.D. 551 Beirut-Tripoli earthquake." Geology 35, no. 8 (2007): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g23631a.1.

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‫تدمري‬, ‫عمر عبد السلام‬. "‫وظائف ومضامين النقوش التأريخية والتزيينية على عمارة طرابلس المملوكية‬ (Function and Significance of Historiographical and Decorative Inscriptions in Mameluke Monuments in Tripoli)." Abgadiyat 4, no. 1 (2009): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138609-90000016.

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The history of the city of Tripoli (Lebanon) extends for 3500 years. Nevertheless, a significant landmark event when the Mameluke conquest (688 H/1289 BCE) ended a long Crusade Era. This study presents reviews of major historiographical and decorative inscriptions on Mameluke monuments in Tripoli. In this regard, inscriptions passed through two developmental phases: The first phase encompasses the period following the Mameluke conquest and the foundation of the new city of Tripoli under the influence of possible Crusade counter-attacks. For this, monumental characteristics were dominated by simplicity of decorative inscriptions that were mostly used for commemorative and documentary purposes. The second phase occurred in a period of stability, urban expansion, and population growth. Flourishing innovative art lines casted significant impressions as in the variety of writing types and styles, developed stone, marble, or wood engravings saturated with decorations, ornaments, and drawings. These inscriptions contained a variety of contents and had several uses. They were often found on mosques, madrassas, graves, and palaces and their count exceeded more than one hundred. However, only 70 inscriptions do exist at present along with a little more than 20 Mameluke mottos (ranks) . A selection of these inscriptions will be presented in this study along with many of their characteristics including writing styles, purpose and content of these inscriptions, and some model mottos decorating Mameluke monuments. (Please note that this article is in Arabic)

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Kabbara, Nijad, Jean Benkhelil, Mohamed Awad, and Vittorio Barale. "Monitoring water quality in the coastal area of Tripoli (Lebanon) using high-resolution satellite data." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 63, no. 5 (September 2008): 488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.01.004.

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Taleb, Sara, and Leila Itani. "Nutrition Literacy among Adolescents and Its Association with Eating Habits and BMI in Tripoli, Lebanon." Diseases 9, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases9020025.

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(1) Background: Adolescence is a period of increased autonomy and independent decision making; it determines health behaviors that can persist into the future. Individual factors like food choices and unhealthy lifestyle have an essential role in the development and prevention of obesity among adolescents and are associated with the nutrition literacy of parents and other adults. While the association of parents’ nutrition literacy with adolescent BMI has been addressed, there is still a scarcity of studies that examine the effect of adolescents’ nutrition literacy on their eating habits and body mass index (BMI) status. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted that included 189 adolescents (68 with overweight and obesity and 121 with normal weight) aged between 14–19 years from four private schools in Tripoli, Lebanon. A self-administered questionnaire that included the Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument (NLAI) and the Adolescent Food Habits Checklist (AFHC) was used. Anthropometrics were measured using standardized procedures. The association between nutrition literacy, food habits and BMI was assessed using a chi squared test for independence and Poisson regression analysis where suitable. (3) Results: Results indicated no association between all five components of nutrition literacy and body mass index categories. Furthermore, there was no association between the Adolescent Food Habits Checklist and overweight or obese BMI status (RR = 0.947, 95%CI: 0.629–1.426) (p = 0.796). No association was observed between nutrition literacy and food habits, except for an inverse association with macronutrients literacy. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, the study indicated that there was no association between the components of nutrition literacy with body mass index or with food habits, except for macronutrient literacy.

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Hoteit, Maha, Edwina Zoghbi, Mohamad Al Iskandarani, Alissar Rady, Iman Shankiti, Joseph Matta, and Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh. "Nutritional value of the Middle Eastern diet: analysis of total sugar, salt, and iron in Lebanese traditional dishes." F1000Research 9 (October 19, 2020): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26278.1.

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Background: The expanding burden of diet-related non-communicable diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Countries requires urgent public health vigilance and actions. This study aimed at establishing a database analysis of total sugar, salt and iron content in Lebanese foods, focusing on traditional dishes. Methods: The collection of food samples was done using stratified sampling techniques. These samples were classified into five strata, taking into account variation by geographical area (Mount Lebanon, Bekaa, Beirut, Tripoli, and Saida). The number of samples per governorate was estimated to be 30 according to the variability in the dishes' composition. Food samples were chemically analyzed for total sugar, salt, and iron. Results: Among all the governorates, all the tested traditional Lebanese dishes contained little total sugar. More than 60% of the samples tested were rich in sodium. The sodium content ranges were 120-720 mg/100 g in Mount Lebanon, 240-960 mg/100 g in Bekaa, 80-520 mg/100g in Beirut, 252-1952 mg/100g in Tripoli and 40-680 mg/100 g in Saida. The highest mean amount of sodium was observed in the dishes Fatayer Sabanikh and Malfouf Mehche (≥ 600 mg/100 g). Furthermore, more than 80% of the samples had poor amounts of iron in all governorates. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for multi-cultural education and awareness on food sources of salt and iron, and the health effects regarding high intake of salt and low intake of iron. This study is a stepping stone for further research exploring total sugar, salt and iron content of traditional dishes, as well as potential intake by individuals in the Lebanese population.

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Ismail, Mohamad Bachar, Imad Al Kassaa, Dima El Safadi, Sarah Al Omari, Hassan Mallat, Fouad Dabboussi, and Monzer Hamze. "Prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus IgG antibodies in sera from hemodialysis patients in Tripoli, Lebanon." PLOS ONE 15, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): e0233256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233256.

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Hamze, M., and P. Vincent. "[Typhoid fever in north Lebanon: a 8-year study [1992-1999]using the Widal test]." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 10, no. 1-2 (March 17, 2004): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2004.10.1-2.180.

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We evaluated the frequency of typhoid fever in north Lebanon over an 8-year period [1992-1999] in patients admitted with fever to the Islami de Bienfaisance Hospital in Tripoli. We analysed 7391 serum samples for Salmonella typhi infection using the Widal and Felix tests. The cut-off value for infection was an agglutinin O titre >/= 1/160 [a value validated in an earlier study in the same region]. Of the 7391 samples, 1131 [15.3%] had an agglutinin O titre >/= 1/160. The 8-year surveillance showed there was a progressive decrease in the frequency of the disease. However with over 100 cases annually, typhoid is endemic in the area and could cause major outbreaks. The monthly analysis shows that we have an increase in summer, whilst a decrease is observed in winter

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Kalaajieh, Wassim Khalil. "Etiology of Exudative Pleural Effusions in Adults in North Lebanon." Canadian Respiratory Journal 8, no. 2 (2001): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/652418.

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OBJECTIVE: To establish the clinical pattern and etiology of exudative pleural effusions in adults in North Lebanon.MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients aged 21 years and older who were admitted with exudative pleural effusions to the Husseini Hospital, Tripoli, North Lebanon, between 1997 and 1999 were studied prospectively.RESULTS: Of 165 patients with exudative pleural effusions, 114 (69.1%) were men and 51 (30.9%) were women. The most frequent cause of exudative pleural effusions was tuberculosis (43.7%), followed by malignancy (32.1%). The majority (88.7%) of malignant pleural effusions were due to lung cancer. Tuberculous effusions were more frequent in the first five decades of life (66.7%) and were the most common type of pleural effusion, accounting for 68.6% of patients younger than 50 years of age. Malignant effusions were more frequent among the older age groups, with 73.6% of patients with malignant effusions being older than 50 years of age. Most types of exudative pleural effusions showed a preference for the right side of the thorax. Of the diagnostic procedures used in the present study, the most useful were histological examination and culture of pleural biopsies.CONCLUSIONS: In North Lebanon, the clinical pattern and etiology of exudative pleural effusions are similar to those in the developing countries; the most frequent cause of pleural exudates is tuberculosis, followed by malignancy, particularly malignancy due to lung cancer.

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Knudsen, Are John. "Decade of Despair: The Contested Rebuilding of the Nahr al-Bared Refugee Camp, Lebanon, 2007–2017." Refuge 34, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1055584ar.

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In mid-2007 the Nahr al-Bared refugee camp near Tripoli was destroyed by the Lebanese Army battling an insurgent Islamist group, Fatah al-Islam. Displacing about 30,000 Palestinian refugees, it was one of the largest internal battles in post–civil war Lebanon. A decade later, the camp has yet to be fully rebuilt; indeed, reconstruction has been slow, confictual, and underfunded. Rebuilding the camp has been contested and delayed by political opposition, funding shortfalls, and complex ownership of land and property. About half of the displaced families have been able to return, the remainder are internally displaced, living temporarily in other camps or rented apartments. This article analyzes the slow-paced reconstruction of the Nahr al-Bared camp and especially what can be learnt from rehousing refugees in a militarized space of exception.

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El Moll, Ahmad. "Foreword to First International Symposium on Materials, Electrochemistry and Environment (CIMEE16), September 22-24, 2016, Tripoli, Lebanon." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 83 (2017): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.20438.

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Mohareb, Nabil, Mary Felix, and Eslam Elsamahy. "A CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY: A YOUTH CREATIVE VISION OF RECLAIMING INTERSTITIAL SPACES IN EL MINA (TRIPOLI, LEBANON)." Creativity Studies 12, no. 1 (May 21, 2019): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cs.2019.6171.

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Although old Arab cities were designed bottom-up to follow the needs of their users, public spaces for use by children were not fully considered. This paper is an outcome of a funded project that hosted 30 youth (aged 13–17 years old) from different parts of El Mina city, located in the North of Lebanon, Tripoli. The project’s aim was not limited to capacity building or designing a framework for youth participation as a vision for a child-friendly city alone, as it also demonstrated community participation with the youth to realize a design vision in an unused interstitial space by the youth in the ancient city of El Mina. The funded project consisted of many different stages; this paper focuses on the site selection, design process and the final stage of implementation. The results highlight the lessons learned from the youth’s participation, the adaptive reuse of interstitial spaces, in addition to the various interests of the project’s stakeholders.

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Anzalone, Christopher. "The Sunni Tragedy in the Middle East." American Journal of Islam and Society 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v34i1.867.

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Northern Lebanon, the mountainous terrain bordering Syria and the coastalplain centered on the city of Tripoli with its nearly 130,000 residents, has longbeen the heartland of the country’s Sunni Arabs, along with the old scholasticand population hub in the southern city of Sidon. The outbreak of mass popularprotests and eventually armed rebellion in neighboring Syria againstBashar al-Asad’s government in the spring of 2011, and that country’s continuingdescent into an increasingly violent and sectarian civil war, has had aprofound effect upon Lebanon, particularly in the north, for both geographicaland demographic reasons. First, northern Lebanon borders strategic areas ofcentral-western Syria (e.g., the town of al-Qusayr) and is located just south ofthe major Syrian port city of Tartus. Second, the north’s population includessignificant minority communities of Christians and Alawis, the latter of whichare largely aligned politically with Damascus. These factors have made theborder regions particularly dangerous, for while the Lebanese army attemptsto maintain control of the country’s territory, Iran-aligned Hizbullah poursfighters and military supplies into Syria and militant Sunni groups (e.g., ISISand Jabhat Fath al-Sham [JFS]) seek to establish a foothold in Lebanon fromwhich they can pursue their anti-Asad campaign.Bernard Rougier is uniquely placed to write about the contemporary historyand complex web of politics among Lebanon’s Sunni factions and particularlythe rise of jihadi militancy among some of its segments. The bookunder review, like Everyday Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam among Palestiniansin Lebanon (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007), isbased upon extensive in-country fieldwork and interviews beginning in theearly 2000s and ending in 2014. It provides a fascinating and nuancedoverview of jihadism’s rise as a viable avenue of political frustration and expressionin the wider milieu of Lebanon’s intra-Sunni socio-political competitionand a fast-changing regional situation.Rougier argues that the contentious political disputes and competitionamong the country’s mainstream Sunni political figures (e.g., the al-Haririfamily), as well as the impact of Syrian control of large parts of Lebanon between1976 and 2005 and ensuing power vacuum after its withdrawal, enabledthe emergence of jihadi militancy. Northern Lebanon also became a center ofcompetition among regional actors through their local allies, which pitted ...

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El-Daghar, Khaled. "Self-financing for Conservation Based on Global Experiences – Case Study Preserving the Architectural Heritage of Historical Tripoli, Lebanon." Resourceedings 2, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/resourceedings.v2i2.701.

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Funding has always been important for the continuity of any conservation project and the achievement of the desired results. Its impact is particularly evident in the projects regarding the heritage domains; it clearly shows the importance of having multiple participating bodies/entities and diverse self-funding sources without relying solely on governmental agencies or governmental funding, particularly in the developing countries where there is a clear deficiency in the countries' potential ability to meet the developmental needs of these heritage areas. The study aims to illustrate the relationship between continuity of financing operations and the sustainability of conservation projects. Financing and its efficiency equally affect all the phases of the project: the pre-implementation stage, the implementation stage, and the post-implementation/operation stage (maintenance and follow-up). This is due to the fact that financing operations do not only affect the possibility of implementing a project, but also affect the quality level of the preservation, whereby buildings lose their values both tangible and intangible. This is due to the inaccuracy of studies, lack of precise equipment for work or lack of analyzing the different possibilities that might lead to the destruction or damage of buildings. In this context, light will be shed on different cases and models of global conservation projects in several countries by investigating and analysing its financial aspects to establish the different circumstances surrounding each project, such as goals and stages, and identifying the positive and negative points of each project. This will be done through several axes, legal, managerial, financial, and popular participation, the most important of which is the self-financing aspect. Each case will be discussed and evaluated separately at the level of the building, urbanization and society as an integrated system to demonstrate their characteristics, namely successful architecture, historical gatherings, and surrounding community life. The paper proposes some methods for dealing with historic buildings as part of the urban and architectural heritage, where the legal, managerial, financial and community participation, especially the self-financing level, are considered in order to conserve these buildings.

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Osman, Marwan, Dima El Safadi, Amandine Cian, Sadia Benamrouz, Céline Nourrisson, Philippe Poirier, Bruno Pereira, et al. "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Intestinal Protozoan Infections with Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Blastocystis and Dientamoeba among Schoolchildren in Tripoli, Lebanon." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10, no. 3 (March 14, 2016): e0004496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004496.

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Allès, Christèle. "The Private Sector and Local Elites: The Experience of Public–Private Partnership in the Water Sector in Tripoli, Lebanon." Mediterranean Politics 17, no. 3 (November 2012): 394–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2012.725303.

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Hamze, Monzer, Marwan Osman, Marcel Achkar, Hassan Mallat, and Fouad Dabboussi. "Alarming increase in prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections associated with a high level of antibiotic resistance in Tripoli, Lebanon." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 48, no. 5 (November 2016): 576–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.08.003.

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Osman, Marwan, Dima El Safadi, Amandine Cian, Sadia Benamrouz, Céline Nourrisson, Philippe Poirier, Bruno Pereira, et al. "Correction: Prevalence and Risk Factors for Intestinal Protozoan Infections with Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Blastocystis and Dientamoeba among Schoolchildren in Tripoli, Lebanon." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2016): e0004643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004643.

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Jisr, Nazek, Ghassan Younes, Carol Sukhn, and Mohammad H. El-Dakdouki. "Length-weight relationships and relative condition factor of fish inhabiting the marine area of the Eastern Mediterranean city, Tripoli-Lebanon." Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 44, no. 4 (December 2018): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2018.11.004.

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Allen, Ira. "Falling Apart Together." Screen Bodies 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/screen.2017.020206.

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I could not hear weeping as the screen fell dark. But the glistening cheeks and too-bright eyes spoke loudly enough when the lights rose. We had confronted together a loss of revolutionary possibility, and a refusal of that same loss, that touched nearly every body in the theater. To view Syrian filmmaker Mohammad Ali Atassi’s Our Terrible Country (2014) in Beirut, scarcely seventy-five miles from a Damascus whose dying and lost flowed continuously into Lebanon even as we watched for Syrian hope on the screen, was to be swept up in the civil war’s terrible pull of collective suffering and loss. Swept up, for many in the salle, perhaps all, all the more than each was already. Less than a decade earlier, Syrian military checkpoints had controlled movement throughout Lebanon entire. Lebanon had been the fractured vassal state, Syria its wise but firm tutor. In the “now” of 2014, however, there was no longer a Syria but only an increasingly dim possibility that one might come someday again to be. Syrian refugees swelled Lebanon’s population, crowded Beirut and Tripoli and the mountain towns and the verdant Bekaa Valley. And many sitting silent and wet-eyed through the film’s still-terrible credits had friends and loved ones not only from but still in the terrible, devastated spaces we had together watched passing across the screen—spaces still falling apart in 2014 as we watched, scarcely two hours away, scarcely further than the length of the film itself, falling apart before our eyes in the 2013 of the film’s shooting as they had been falling apart for two years already before that. As they are falling apart still, now in 2018, with only proper names exchanged: Ghouta, Raqqa, Homs, Aleppo, today Ghouta again. Tomorrow? Their terrible country, indeed.

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Sassmannshausen, Christian. "Educated with Distinction." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 62, no. 1 (December 6, 2019): 222–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341478.

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AbstractBeginning in the 1850s, the Ottoman Empire’s educational landscape expanded and diversified. During this era of imperial reforms, discourses around education increasingly focused on the importance of female education. This article uses census material from Tripoli in today’s Lebanon to explore the experiences of students in the wake of these shifts. It examines literacy rates across different social and religious groups and the extent to which educational decisions parents made were biased by gender and class. The analysis reveals that the rate of Muslim boys’ literacy was high even before new schools opened starting in the 1850s. As for the post-reform developments, it shows that although around a quarter of propertied families decided to send their sons and daughters to school, a considerable proportion of Muslim and Christian families privileged sons alone. Still, reforms allowed a number of groups in the generations between 1860 and 1910 to achieve higher rates of literacy, including Muslim and Christian girls as well as the children of artisans.

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Feodorov, Ioana. "The Arabic Book of the Divine Liturgies Printed in 1745 in Iași by Patriarch Sylvester of Antioch." Scrinium 16, no. 1 (October 19, 2020): 158–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18177565-00160a13.

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Abstract The following article focuses on a printed text of the Arabic Book of the Divine Liturgies, produced in 1745 in Iași (Jassy), capital of Moldavia, by Sylvester, the Patriarch of the Greek-Orthodox Church of Antioch (1724-1766), which is comprised, together with a section of a Syriac and Arabic manuscript commentary on some Gospel passages, in MS 15 of the library of Dayr Sayyidat al-Balamand (near Tripoli, Lebanon). It is a rare copy of this early Arabic printed book, whose existence was recently established. The study encloses an outline – based on Romanian, Greek and Arabic sources – of Patriarch Sylvester’s printing activity in Iași and Bucharest in 1745-1747, a description of the Book of the Divine Liturgies (Iași, 1745) preserved in the Balamand codex, and comments on the value of this finding for future research on the printing work carried out in the Romanian Principalities, in 1701-1747, for the Arabic-speaking Christians of Ottoman Syria.

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Kalaoun, Omar, Mustapha Jazar, and Ahmad Al Bitar. "Assessing the Contribution of Demographic Growth, Climate Change, and the Refugee Crisis on Seawater Intrusion in the Tripoli Aquifer." Water 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10080973.

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As a major hotspot of climate change, Lebanon suffers from a water resources crisis enhanced by the increase of anthropogenic activities. In this paper, the impacts of climate change and of the Syrian refugee crisis are combined with the impact of demographic growth to assess their aggregated impact on seawater intrusion in the Tripoli aquifer. A hydrogeological model is used to assess the seawater intrusion evolution for the next 25 years with respect to three phenomena: seawater rise, variation of incoming freshwater flux, and the change of the extraction rate of the pumping wells. Our study shows that the freshwater/seawater interface will move forward inland about 103 m in the next 25 years, leading to the salinization of the aquifer at the position of the pumping wells. Only about 1% of the advancement of the interface is associated with seawater rise; the remaining contributions are 79% from climate change and 20% from demographic growth. Adding the impact of migration reduces the contribution of climate change from 79% to 52%. The results suggest that the remediation solutions and recommendations should take into account the long-term impacts of climate change and the impact of population migration.

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Younis, Joumana A., Hussin J. Hejase, Zeina H. Brayhi, Ale J. Hejase, and Soufyane Frimousse. "Corporate Social Responsibility: A Stakeholders Perspective Applied to the Lebanese Heart Hospital." Journal of Business Theory and Practice 9, no. 3 (September 10, 2021): p12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jbtp.v9n3p12.

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This research aims to assess Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practice applied to the Heart Hospital, Tripoli, Lebanon. A stakeholders (workers, patients, the local community, and the environment) perspective is considered. The population of the research includes all workers in the target hospital, however the research sample consists of 40 employees. This research is quantitative, descriptive and analytic based on a structured questionnaire designed and distributed to the respondents. The study found that the activities related to CSR were adapted and practiced to different levels. Employees’ responses about the dimensions of CSR were varied. Findings show that the hospital does exercise its social responsibilities towards patients (Mean=3.97), it does exercise its social responsibilities towards the environment (Mean=3.96), it moderately exercises its social responsibilities towards the local community (Mean=3.36), and it weakly exercises its social responsibilities towards its workers (Mean=2.75). Therefore, it is recommended that the hospital administrators must review their CSR strategy to reinstate one of the most critical factors for the success of the institution namely the human assets besides giving more attention to its local community needs.

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El-Kassas, Germine, and Fouad Ziade. "The Dual Burden of Malnutrition and Associated Dietary and Lifestyle Habits among Lebanese School Age Children Living in Orphanages in North Lebanon." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4863431.

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Childhood is a crucial period affecting physical and intellectual development. Although children living in orphanages are among the most vulnerable groups at risk of malnutrition, there is scarcity of data concerning their nutritional status in Lebanon. To investigate these data, a cross-sectional survey was conducted including a sample of 153 institutionalized children aged 5–14 years from all orphanages in Tripoli. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric, clinical, and dietary tools. Interpretation of anthropometric data showed that 13.8% were stunted while the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 9.2% according to the World Health Organization (WHO) reference criteria. Physical signs suggesting nutritional deficiencies were detected in about 25% of the sample. Dietary intake evaluation showed that about half of the participants had inadequate dietary intakes of proteins, fruits, and vegetables and 92% had inadequate milk and dairy intakes recommended for their age specific needs. Multivariate regression analysis revealed statistically significant positive association of age, skipping breakfast, and increased screen time with stunting while it showed statistically significant negative association of inadequate protein intake with overweight/obesity. The coexistence of under- and overnutrition among institutionalized children calls for implementation of comprehensive intervention strategies committed to reducing undernutrition while simultaneously preventing overnutrition through improving diet quality and physical activity of these children.

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Inati, Adlette, Chadi Al Alam, Cristel El Ojaimi, Taghrid Hamad, Hemanth Kanakamedala, Virginia Pilipovic, and Ramzieh Sabah. "Sickle Cell Disease Burden in North Lebanon." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-128311.

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Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most prevalent hemoglobinopathies in Lebanon, where 0.1% of the population are affected by the disease, with the highest prevalence in North Lebanon. SCD burden has not been well characterized in this patient population. Moreover, there is limited understanding of the factors associated with complications of SCD. We hereby report on characteristics, complications, treatments and survival of a SCD cohort treated at a comprehensive SCD referral clinic in North Lebanon. Methods: Data were extracted from the health records and electronic registry of 335 SCD patients treated at the comprehensive SCD clinic of Nini hospital, Tripoli, North Lebanon between 2009 and 2019. The study population consisted of referred and newly diagnosed patients. Patients were considered to be newly diagnosed with SCD if there was a gap of ≤ 60 days between SCD diagnosis date and their first clinic visit date. Patients were regularly seen in the clinic at intervals ranging from every 2 months to 1 year depending on their age and disease severity. Patient characteristics, complications, treatment choices, and mortality were evaluated during follow-up. Follow-up was defined as the time between SCD diagnosis and last visit to the clinic. Complications included vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), acute splenic sequestration (ASS), stroke, dactylitis, joint necrosis, priapism, leg ulcers, sepsis, iron overload and mortality. VOC events, defined as the composite of pain and/or acute chest syndrome (ACS), were only reported if they resulted in a hospitalization. Since history of VOC events was not well documented among referred patients, VOC events were assessed among patients newly diagnosed at the clinic. Results: The mean age of the study population at SCD diagnosis was 2.9 years (standard deviation [SD]: 4.3), with 73.1% of patients diagnosed within 3 years of age. Mean age at first visit to the clinic was 8.6 years (SD 10.0). 159 (47.5%) patients were female. The most common genotypes were Hemoglobin SS (233 [69.6%]), Hemoglobin Beta-0 Thalassemia (62 [18.5%]), and Hemoglobin Beta + thalassemia (27 [8.1%]). The mean number of follow up years between SCD diagnosis date and latest visit date to the clinic was 13.7 (SD: 10.5). 132 (39.4%) patients were newly diagnosed at the time of their first visit to the clinic. The most frequently encountered SCD clinical events were pain (189 [56.4%]) followed by ACS (135 [40.3%]), ASS (115 [34.3%]) and joint necrosis (55 [16.4%]). The incidence of stroke, pulmonary hypertension, priapism, leg ulcers and sepsis was low (3.3%, 4.2%, 6.0%, 3.0% and 3.9%). Persistent splenomegaly beyond 6 years was seen in 57 (17%) patients, 36 (63.2%) of these patients were of SS genotype. 276 (82.4%) patients required at least one hospitalization during their follow-up. Among newly diagnosed patients, 63% experienced at least one VOC event that led to a hospitalization with a mean of 0.4 (SD: 0.6) hospitalized VOC events per patient per year. 15 (4.5%) patients died during follow-up. The most common cause of death was stroke (3 [20%]). 84 (25.1%) and 76 (22.7%) patients underwent a cholecystectomy and surgical splenectomy respectively, and 30 (9.0%) patients underwent both. 236 (70.5%) patients were treated with Hydroxyurea. The mean age at introduction of Hydroxyurea was 11.5 years (SD: 10.1) and median starting dose was 15.2 mgs/kg/day. 281 (84%) patients received at least one blood transfusion during their follow-up. 37 (11.0%) patients received iron chelation during their follow up. 3 (0.9%) patients underwent bone marrow transplant and were cured of their disease. Conclusion: This first SCD study from North Lebanon demonstrates that SCD burden in North Lebanon is significant. Despite the high disease burden and the low community resources in this region, survival rate of this SCD patient population is relatively high. This can be attributed to the young age at diagnosis, the close comprehensive follow-up and the regular parent/patient education. The low rate of stroke, priapism and leg ulcers in this population warrants further investigation via disease associated markers and genetic determinants. As for priapism, it may be underreported due to social stigma in a conservative country as Lebanon. Noteworthy, Iron overload is under recognized and sub optimally treated. The association between specific risk factors and disease complications will be further addressed. Disclosures Inati: Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novonordisk: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Global Blood Therapeutics: Research Funding. Kanakamedala:Novartis: Consultancy; Genesis Research: Employment. Pilipovic:Novartis Pharma AG: Employment, Equity Ownership. Sabah:Novartis: Employment.

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Abi-Ghanem, Carine, Celine Mahfouz, Gaby Khalaf, Elie Najjar, Henri El-Zakhem, and Rima Manneh. "Pb, Cd and Cu distribution and mobility in marine sediments from two ports in Lebanon: Beirut army naval port and Tripoli fishing port." Lebanese Science Journal 17, no. 1 (June 27, 2016): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22453/lsj-017.1.057073.

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El-Daghar, Khaled. "Critical Thinking and Collaborative Problem-Solving for Improving Education Performance – Case Study Thermal Retrofit to Ensure Health and Wellbeing of Historic Built Environment in Lebanon." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v5i1.716.

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The global ecological crisis is an indispensable issue that needs to be solved. The importance of developing critical thinking and communication skills in teaching-learning methods will help to enhance education performance; as well, the students would become informed participants in environmental decision-making. Lebanon is suffering from multiple ecological problems due to the environmental mismanagement, particularly energy problems. For this reason, training the Lebanese students mainly in architecture schools should to think critically about environmental issues, and using collaborative problem-solving as one of teaching-learning methods and techniques, which will be directly reflected in finding solutions to the problem under investigation. The researcher aims to experiment and apply this method in a history of architecture class at faculty of architecture, to improve the environmental quality of health and wellbeing in historical built environment. This will increase the awareness for conservation aspects of architectural heritage in students, on the one hand. In addition to spread the spirit of teamwork, to facilitate the concept of integrated design process between the different disciplines when practicing professional life, on the other hand. Therefore, the study aims to produce a new methodology for integrating teaching-learning method in architecture, presenting various international attempts of thermal retrofit in historical built environment, guiding the architectural students to follow the same approach of such projects, which will save energy in a country that has a major problem in electricity. The case study is based on a real problem in a realistic situation in Tripoli old Souks at north Lebanon, in which the instructor and the students will analyze and propose some solutions of building thermal retrofit within this historical context, using collaborative problem-solving strategy that could clarifying its reversal extent on the validity of health and wellbeing with the continuity of conserving the architectural heritage.

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Austin, Jonathan Luke. "The departed militant: A portrait of joy, violence and political evil." Security Dialogue 51, no. 6 (April 6, 2020): 537–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010620901906.

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This is an essay about the personhood of militant violence, the phenomenological underpinnings of political evil and the friendship between two men. It begins by recounting the author’s street-side meeting with several Islamist militants in Tripoli, Lebanon, one of whom later described his preparations to become a ‘martyr’ in Syria. The essay takes my conversations with this man and his friends as a means of exploring the becoming of violent militancy as a fundamentally creative and essentially joyful series of encounters that lead to the emergence of extreme violence. To do so, I read the narrative account at the centre of the essay through the concept of social and political ‘fracturing’, which is described as the process through which individuals or groups are able to transcend traditional limits on knowledge, action and belief. This discussion of social and political fracturing is then brought into conversation with the question of what constitutes social or political evil in order to demonstrate that debates over what produces violent militant mobilization have generally missed the crucial relevance of a set of small, intimate and embodied rituals that suffuse evil, violence and war-fighting more generally with a fundamentally positive (yet eventually destructive) phenomenology.

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Al Jisr, Sakina Abbad, Abdul Rahman Beydoun, and Nehale Mostapha. "A model of perceptions of politics: antecedents and outcomes." Journal of Management Development 39, no. 9/10 (August 26, 2020): 1013–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-12-2019-0503.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of one personal variable (locus of control) and two relationship variables (leader-member exchange and co-worker cooperation) on perceptions of organizational politics in Lebanese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachSurvey data was collected from 300 Lebanese employees from different SMEs located between Tripoli and Beirut.FindingsResults of regression analysis indicated that all the three variables were significant predictors of perceptions of politics, and that perceptions of politics affected employee outcomes. More specifically, higher levels of politics are associated with higher turnover intention and lower job satisfaction.Practical implicationsResults of this study raise several implications for companies and employers. Perceptions of politics were found to have a negative impact on employee attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. Therefore, employers must examine the factors that affect employee perceptions of politics in the workplace. Since leader-member exchange and co-worker cooperation were found to predict politics, management's efforts should focalize on improving the relationships between employees and their supervisor as well as their relationships with each other. Management should develop strategies to create an atmosphere of cooperation and support in the organization.Originality/valueThere is paucity of studies on organizational politics in Arabic cultures. This study extends the organizational politics literature by investigating antecedents and outcomes of politics in Lebanon, a country that differs in its culture from US and European contexts.

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Kesteman, Thomas, Ali Ghassani, Crystel Hajjar, Valentina Picot, Marwan Osman, Zahraa Alnajjar, Florence Komurian-Pradel, et al. "Investigating Pneumonia Etiology Among Refugees and the Lebanese population (PEARL): A study protocol." Gates Open Research 2 (April 18, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12811.1.

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Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), a leading cause of mortality, mainly affects children in developing countries. The harsh circumstances experienced by refugees include various factors associated with respiratory pathogen transmission, and clinical progression of CAP. Consequently, the etiology of CAP in humanitarian crisis situations may differ to that of settled populations, which would impact appropriate case management. Therefore, the Pneumonia Etiology Among Refugees and the Lebanese population (PEARL) study was initiated with the objective of identifying the causal pathogenic microorganisms in the respiratory tract of children and adults from both the refugee and host country population presenting with signs of CAP during a humanitarian crisis. Methods: PEARL, a prospective, multicentric, case-control study, will be conducted at four primary healthcare facilities in Tripoli and the Bekaa valley over 15 months (including two high-transmission seasons/winters). Sociodemographic and medical data, and biological samples will be collected from at least 600 CAP cases and 600 controls. Nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, urine and blood samples will be analyzed at five clinical pathology laboratories in Lebanon to identify the bacterial and viral etiological agents of CAP. Transcriptomic profiling of host leukocytes will be performed. Conclusions: PEARL is an original observational study that will provide important new information on the etiology of pneumonia among refugees, which may improve case management, help design antimicrobial stewardship interventions, and reduce morbidity and mortality due to CAP in a humanitarian crisis.

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Kesteman, Thomas, Ali Ghassani, Crystel Hajjar, Valentina Picot, Marwan Osman, Zahraa Alnajjar, Florence Komurian-Pradel, et al. "Investigating Pneumonia Etiology Among Refugees and the Lebanese population (PEARL): A study protocol." Gates Open Research 2 (June 13, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12811.2.

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Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), a leading cause of mortality, mainly affects children in developing countries. The harsh circumstances experienced by refugees include various factors associated with respiratory pathogen transmission, and clinical progression of CAP. Consequently, the etiology of CAP in humanitarian crisis situations may differ to that of settled populations, which would impact appropriate case management. Therefore, the Pneumonia Etiology Among Refugees and the Lebanese population (PEARL) study was initiated with the objective of identifying the causal pathogenic microorganisms in the respiratory tract of children and adults from both the refugee and host country population presenting with signs of CAP during a humanitarian crisis. Methods: PEARL, a prospective, multicentric, case-control study, will be conducted at four primary healthcare facilities in Tripoli and the Bekaa valley over 15 months (including two high-transmission seasons/winters). Sociodemographic and medical data, and biological samples will be collected from at least 600 CAP cases and 600 controls. Nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, urine and blood samples will be analyzed at five clinical pathology laboratories in Lebanon to identify the bacterial and viral etiological agents of CAP. Transcriptomic profiling of host leukocytes will be performed. Conclusions: PEARL is an original observational study that will provide important new information on the etiology of pneumonia among refugees, which may improve case management, help design antimicrobial stewardship interventions, and reduce morbidity and mortality due to CAP in a humanitarian crisis.

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Morsy, Mohamed. "Study for some Tombstone from Bab Al-Raml cemetery in Tripoli of Lebanon دراسة لمجموعة من شواهد القبور بجبانة باب الرمل بمدینة طرابلس الشام فى القرن التاسع عشر المیلادى." Conference Book of the General Union of Arab Archeologists 20, no. 20 (December 1, 2017): 1286–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/cguaa.2017.29694.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Archdiocese of Tripoli (Lebanon)'

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