Journal articles: 'Archeobotanica'

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Gardner, Paul S. "New Evidence Concerning the Chronology and Paleoethnobotany of Salts Cave, Kentucky." American Antiquity 52, no. 2 (April 1987): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281789.

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Recent research has resolved problems surrounding the chronology and archeobotanical record of the Salts Cave Vestibule. Formerly, widely disparate radiocarbon dates made assignment of the site to either the Late Archaic or Early Woodland period equally problematic. Eight new radiocarbon determinations from Vestibule charcoal indicate an occupation in the first millennium B.C., confirming an assignment to the Early Woodland period. Previous analyses of carbonized plant remains from stratified deposits in the Vestibule indicated that the domestication of two native plants, sumpweed and sunflower, preceded the introduction of cucurbits into this part of the Eastern Woodlands. Data from other Midwestern sites have contradicted this generalization. A recent analysis of a second series of archeobotanical samples indicates that cucurbits were present at Salts Cave as early as the domesticated native annuals. These new data render the archeobotanical record of Salts Cave less anomalous than previously, and support the currently accepted reconstructions of prehistoric subsistence change in the Eastern Woodlands.

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Sheng, Pengfei, Michael Storozum, Xiaohong Tian, and Yong Wu. "Foodways on the Han dynasty’s western frontier: Archeobotanical and isotopic investigations at Shichengzi, Xinjiang, China." Holocene 30, no. 8 (April 27, 2020): 1174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620913916.

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Recent archeobotanical work has shed light on prehistoric food globalization across the Eurasian landmass; however, much less research has focused on the foodways of the historical cities and settlements found throughout Central Asia on various portions of the ‘Silk Road’. Here, we present archeobotanical and isotopic results from recent excavations at Shichengzi, a Han dynasty (202 BC–AD 220) military garrison. Our archeobotanical results recovered from 11 samples reveal that four types of cereals, naked barley, wheat, common millet, and foxtail millet, were the most common crops at the site. Naked barley, a drought and cold resistant crop, comprised 79% of the crop assemblage recovered from Shichengzi, and the rest of the assemblage is composed of wheat and millet. The reliance on drought resistant crops indicates that people at Shichengzi oriented their agricultural strategy toward mitigating environmental risks. In addition, our isotopic analyses (δ13C and δ15N) of charred cereal grains ( n = 22), animal and human remains ( n = 12) recovered from excavations at Shichengzi suggests that the δ15N values of cereals were enriched by human or livestock dung. Moreover, the calculated Δ13C values from Shichengzi suggest that farmers preferentially planted their crops in wide areas that would have received a large amount of water available on the northern piedmont of the Tianshan mountains. Our research contributes to the growing understanding of the diversity of agricultural strategies used along the Silk Road.

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Greffier, Françoise, Hervé Richard, and Pascale Ruffaldi. "Computerizing the acquisition of archeobotanic counting (SCOPOLI - fossiles)." Revue d'Archéométrie 16, no. 1 (1992): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arsci.1992.892.

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Fundurulic, Ana, Ilenia Valenti, Alessandra Celant, Barbara Barbaro, Mafalda Costa, Ana Manhita, Egidio Severi, Cristina Barrocas Dias, and Donatella Magri. "Millets and Cereal Meals from the Early Iron Age Underwater Settlement of “Gran Carro” (Bolsena Lake, Central Italy)." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 26, 2022): 3941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073941.

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Archeobotanical materials recovered from pottery vessels originating from the underwater archeological site of “Gran Carro”, located in Central Italy on the shore of Bolsena Lake, were analyzed to obtain new insight into the agricultural habits present in this Iron Age settlement. The archeobotanical study of cereal remains was combined with analytical data obtained from an amorphous organic residue using optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, ATR/FT-IR and Py-GC/MS. The cereal remains of emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica) were identified as the preferred crops used for food and/or fodder at the site. The presence of charred millets, which have been directly dated by AMS, confirms consumption at the site and adds to the little-known background of millet use in central Italy. The find of millets in a perilacustrine pile-dwelling during a period when the water level of the Bolsena Lake was several meters lower than at present, attesting to a general dry period, suggests that the cultivation of millets, complementing more productive crops of wheat and barley, may have been favored by the availability of a large seasonally dry coastal plain, characterized by poor and sandy soils unsuitable for more demanding cereals.

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Látková, Michaela, and Roman Kos. "Archeobotanické nálezy z pohrebiska lužickej kultúry v Trenčianskych Tepliciach-Kaňovej." Študijné zvesti Archeologického ústavu SAV 68, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/szausav.2021.68.12.

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Usai, Alessandro, Mariano Ucchesu, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Oscar Grillo, Martino Orrù, and Diego Sabato. "L’insediamento nuragico di Sa Osa (Cabras, OR). Il sito e i materiali archeobotanici." a. LVI, n. 1-2. giugno-dicembre 2016, no. 1 (October 20, 2016): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/0557-1359/2016.1660.

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Costantini, L., L. Costantini Biasini, and A. Lentini. "Macroresti Vegetali e Intonaci del Villaggio Neolitico di Scamuso (Ba): Indagini Archeobotaniche." Giornale botanico italiano 128, no. 1 (January 1994): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263509409437234.

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Langgut, Dafna. "Prestigious fruit trees in ancient Israel: first palynological evidence for growing Juglans regia and Citrus medica." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 62, no. 1-2 (May 18, 2015): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.2014.950067.

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This article describes the earliest evidence for the growing of two prestigious fruit trees:Juglans regia(Persian walnut) andCitrus medica(citron) in ancient Israel. The study also tries to identify the origin of these trees as well as their influence on Jewish tradition and culture. The palynological information from the Southern Levant supports the hypothesis of the survival ofJ. regiaduring the Last Glacial period in some areas of Eurasia. Accumulating palynological information as well as archeobotanical evidence ofJ. regiaplant remains from northern Israel from ∼1800 years BCE suggests the beginning of horticulture of walnut in the Southern Levant. The growing of walnut within Israel probably started in the north, and nearly one millennium later, palynological evidence indicates thatJ. regiacultivation had spread also to the Judean Mountains. Walnut is mentioned only once in the Bible, in Song of Solomon (6:11). From the interpretation of this text as well other Jewish texts and the available palynological diagrams, it is clear that since the Persian period (fifth to fourth centuries BCE),J. regiawas well established in ancient Israel. Citron, although being one of the four species of the Jewish feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot), is not native to the flora of the Near East. The earliest archeobotanical evidence of the growing ofC. medicain Israel was recently discovered in a Royal Persian garden in Ramat Rahel near Jerusalem, dated to the fifth to fourth centuries BCE.C. medicaseems to have made its way to Ramat Rahel from India via Persia. From that point on, citron gradually penetrated the Jewish culture and tradition. The citron is not mentioned in the Bible, and the association between the citron and thePürî `ëc hädär(Leviticus 23:40), translated “fruit of the goodly tree,” was only made during the first century AD.

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Gudaitienė, Gabrielė. "Rediscovering the Final Palaeolithic-Mesolithic Settlement at Pabartoniai, a Site on the River Neris." Archaeologia Lituana 17, no. 17 (May 12, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2016.17.10681.

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Iš naujo atrasta Pabartonių finalinio paleolito–mezolito gyvenvietė Neries pakrantėjeStraipsnyje pristatomi naujausi Pabartonių akmens amžiaus gyvenvietės tyrimų rezultatai. Ši vėlyvojo paleolito–mezolito gyvenvietė buvo iš naujo atrasta 2014 m. ir dvejus metus tyrinėta. Kasinėjimų metu atrastos struktūros, titnaginis inventorius ir archeobotaninė medžiaga leido tyrinėti šio archeologinio objekto pirminį apgyvendinimą. Deja, gyvenvietėje apsistota ne vienąkart, skirtingų laikotarpių radiniai yra susimaišę smėlingame grunte, tad tiksliai rekonstruoti jos apgyvendinimo eigą ir pobūdį yra nelengva. Vis dėlto kasinėjimų metu pritaikyti įvairūs tyrimų metodai leidžia atsakyti į kai kuriuos klausimus.

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Τyurin, Maksim I., Irena G. Chukhina, and Andrey A. Filippenko. "ARCHEOBOTANICAL STUDIES AT THE ANCIENT FORTRESS OF MASLYANAYA GORA IN THE VICINITY OF TAURIC CHERSONESE." Journal of historical philological and cultural studies 4, no. 74 (December 30, 2021): 61–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18503/1992-0431-2021-4-74-61-91.

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BENEŠ, Jaromír, Tereza ŠÁLKOVÁ, and Zdeněk VANĚČEK. "Archaeobotanical Insight into the Origin and Early History of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) in the Near East." Kvasny Prumysl 57, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18832/kp2011009.

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Dálnoki, Orsolya. "Ricerche archeobotaniche analisi dei campioni di terra provenienti dagli scavi eseguiti a San Potito." Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 66, no. 1 (June 2015): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/072.2015.66.1.6.

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Chvojka, Ondřej, Petr Menšík, Tereza Šálková, and Martin Kuna. "Tkalcovská závaží nebo podstavce pod rožně?" Archeologické rozhledy 71, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 267–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.35686/ar.2019.11.

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Mezi většinou opomíjené artefakty, běžně nacházené na pravěkých sídlištích, patří hliněná závaží. Jejich podrobná analýza přitom může přispět k řešení mnoha důležitých otázek, jakými jsou technologie výroby keramiky a textilu, zacházení s odpadem, depoziční a postdepoziční procesy apod. Soubor závaží, který umožňuje položení takových otázek, pochází ze sídliště z mladší doby bronzové, zkoumaném v l. 2005–2009 v jihočeské Březnici. Ve dvou specifických žlabovitých objektech byly odkryty dva hromadné nálezy několika desítek kusů závaží, které byly v předložené studii podrobeny detailní archeologické i archeobotanické analýze. Provedené rozbory umožnily sledovat otázky role a účelu těchto artefaktů v tehdejších společnostech, stejně jako položení otázky o způsobech a důvodech jejich hromadného uložení v zmíněných žlabech.

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Abbo, Shahal, Zvi Peleg, Simcha Lev-Yadun, and Avi Gopher. "Does the proportion of shattering vs. non-shattering cereal remains in archeobotanical assemblages reflect Near Eastern Neolithic arable fields?" Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 284 (January 2021): 104339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104339.

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Bruno, Maria C., Milton Pinto, and Wilfredo Rojas. "Identifying Domesticated and Wild Kañawa (Chenopodium pallidicaule) in the Archeobotanical Record of the Lake Titicaca Basin of the Andes." Economic Botany 72, no. 2 (June 2018): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12231-018-9416-4.

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Gelorini, Vanessa, Lieselotte Meersschaert, and Jean-Pierre Van Roeyen. "Archeobotanisch onderzoek van enkele laat- en postmiddeleeuwse archeologische contexten uit de onderzoekszone Verrebroekdok (Beveren, prov. Oost-Vlaanderen)." Archeologie in Vlaanderen, no. 7 (January 1, 2003): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55465/ehiq5647.

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Kornienko, Tatiana Vladimirovna. "Food resources in the economy and ritual practices of the Northern Mesopotamia population during the transition to the Neolithic." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201874203.

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The ultimate establishment of the agricultural economy in the central zone of the Fertile Crescent took place in the late Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNB), while the heyday of symbolism, establishing complex social relations among the population of Northern Mesopotamia occur in the era of the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNA). In this period, the domestication of any plant species is not yet registered in South-Eastern Anatolia (an area where the long-term intertribal cult center of Gbekli Tepe was found) unlike the neighboring Levant. The paper discusses possible models for the producing economy establishment in the region, analyzes materials suggesting that the ritual practices of the transition period to the Neolithic in some cases could contribute to the emergence and new economic strategies spread on the territory of Northern Mesopotamia. At the same time, the comparison of the climatic changes scientific studies results, archeobotanical and archaeozoological collections and material evidence of the development of social and spiritual life from Epipaleolithic and early Neolithic monuments of Northern Mesopotamia shows the coevolution/mutual influence of people and the surrounding natural environment. In our opinion, on the basis of the available data it is impossible to assert the primacy of the symbol revolution in the process of Neolithization in relation to early attempts at plant cultivation.

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Stanc, Simina, Mihaela Danu, Dorel Paraschiv, and Luminița Bejenaru. "Bioarcheological Indicators Related to Human–Environmental Interactions in a Roman–Byzantine Settlement in Southeast Romania: Ibida Fortress." SAGE Open 10, no. 4 (October 2020): 215824402096966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020969664.

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The Roman–Byzantine fortress of (L)Ibida (Slava Rusă, Tulcea County, Romania) has preserved archeozoological and archeobotanical remains (i.e., phytoliths) that allowed an evaluation of the human–environmental interactions in that period. Bringing together bioarcheological data, this study contributes to understand the subsistence economy during a period of sociopolitical changes in the region. The stratigraphical sequences and the preliminary observations made on the archeological materials (ceramics, metal artifacts, coins) indicate a relative chronology beginning with the second to third centuries AD and lasting until the sixth century AD. Phytolith analysis highlights the clear domination of the grasses (Poaceae) and indicates the presence of cereals within the fortress. In the surroundings of the fortress, it appears to have existed an open environment. Although modest, the percentage of the Spheroid phytoliths suggests the presence of woody dicots, indicating the fact that the wooded surfaces existed near the fortress. The archeozoological data confirm the fact that the fortress was placed in an open environment, where people bred especially cattle ( Bos taurus) and sheep/goat flocks ( Ovis aries/Capra hircus), and they hunted species such as hare ( Lepus europaeus); also, the forest existed nearby, as indicate the remains of hunted species, among which we found the red deer ( Cervus elaphus) and the wild boar ( Sus scrofa).

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Nedomolkina, Nadezhda Gennadievna, and Henny Piezonka. "Results on absolute and relative chronology based on materials from the multi-layered settlement site of Veksa 3." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201763211.

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The relative chronology determines only the sequence of events, so preferences absolute chronology, which are used the natural-science methods. Due to the general lack of reliable dates and contextual information in the layers of the Stone Age, absolute chronology is still subject to discussion. As a result of many years of research work in the basin of the upper Sukhona identified key sites that are named Veksa. The exceptional importance of the Veksas complex is linkes with clearly stratigrafi, up to 3 m stratifications, with inclusions of the early Neolithic - Middle Ages cultural layers, which contributed to the creation of a relative chronology and allotment of typological complexes in their development. The joint Russian-German research that began in 2007 are aimed at multidisciplinary research of monuments. The methods used in the research on Veksa include the dating of AMC, isotope and archeochemical analyzes of different materials (bones, ceramics), of archeobotanyka, palynology, dendrochronology, reconstruction of landscape development, etc. The results obtained contribute to the creation of reliable chronological framework for the identification of cultural complexes and address a wide range of issues.

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Aguirre Merino, Christiam Paúl, Raquel Piqué Huerta, Lady Nathaly Parra Ordoñez, Verónica Alexandra Guamán Cazho, and Walter Oswaldo Valdez Bustamante. "The Archeological Landscape of the Chanchán Basin and Its Agroecological Legacies for the Conservation of Montane Forests in the Western Foothills of the Ecuadorian Andes." Land 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010192.

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This article shows a set of agroecological practices that were incorporated into the archeological landscape of the Chanchán basin by pre-Hispanic Kañaris societies for 1200 years (240–1438 AD), a millennium before the arrival of the Incas, and that continue to be used in this landscape by certain indigenous communities of the 21st century. The use of archeobotanical techniques, contrasted with ethnobotanical sources, has allowed us to interpret how these societies structured their cultivation systems, agroecological practices, and landscape management, for the conservation of agroecosystems in the western Andean foothills. Agroecological legacies show how the stability, adaptability, and elasticity of Andean agriculture can be sustained under models of progressive intensification without this causing irreversible environmental damage in the agroecosystems. Kañaris agroecological practices configured the Chanchán landscape as a great cultural artifact, wherein the non-human agency of plants (cultivated and wild) was more than a mere adaptation to the niches culturally constructed by human populations. Non-humans are active subjects in recovering the functional and structural integrity of agroecosystems after a social or ecological disturbance. All this is part of landscape management based on an “Ecological Diversification Model”, where plant species are adapted to the ecotones and ecological floors of the western Andean foothills, to diversify and increase the availability of food crops that are bioculturally appropriate given the present agrobiodiversity.

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Drtikolová Kaupová, Sylva, Milan Salaš, Ivana Jarošová, Katharina Rebay-Salisbury, Barbara Rendl, and Fabian Kanz. "Nové poznatky o stravě mužů z kumulace lidských ostatků K7/90 na Cezavách u Blučiny v mladší době bronzové." Archeologické rozhledy 71, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35686/ar.2019.10.

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Příspěvek zpřesňuje a rozšiřuje informace o stravě pěti dospělých mužů z kumulace lidských ostatků K7/90 velatické fáze kultury středodunajských popelnicových polí v lokalitě Cezavy u Blučiny. Vzhledem ke špatné zachovalosti kosterního materiálu byla získána izotopová data od čtyř z pěti jedinců a ze čtyř vzorků fauny. Původní výsledky izotopové analýzy publikované v roce 2012 naznačovaly významnou roli živočišné složky potravy s potenciálním podílem mořských ryb. Nová měření izotopových hodnot síry a doměření hodnot komparativního souboru zvířat z dané lokality však prokázala, že ryby – ani mořské, ani sladkovodní – významnou roli v jídelníčku nehrály. Také maso a mléko suchozemských zvířat bylo spíše doplňkem stravy dotyčných osob, která byla založena hlavně na rostlinách. Ve stravě rostlinného původu hrálo významnou roli proso, jehož konzumaci je možné prokázat díky specifickým hodnotám stabilních izotopů uhlíku. Podle výsledků kvantitativního modelu rekonstrukce stravy proso u dvou ze čtyř jedinců tvořilo až kolem 50 % konzumované potravy. To potvrzuje dosavadní výsledky archeobotaniky, ukazující na podstatnou roli prosa v mladší době bronzové. V rámci revize předchozích antropologických určení se pomocí bukálních mikroabrazí zubů definovalo přesněji složení a konzistence stravy. Metodou analýzy přírůstků zubního cementu (TCA) se podařilo upřesnit biologický věk u dvou mužů v době jejich úmrtí.

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Cagnato, Clarissa. "Shedding Light on the Nightshades (Solanaceae) Used by the Ancient Maya: a Review of Existing Data, and New Archeobotanical (Macro- and Microbotanical) Evidence from Archeological Sites in Guatemala." Economic Botany 72, no. 2 (May 2, 2018): 180–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12231-018-9412-8.

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Hernández-Verdugo, Sergio, Patricia Dávila, and Ken Oyama. "Síntesis del conocimiento taxonómico, origen y domesticación del género Capsicum." Botanical Sciences, no. 64 (May 26, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1583.

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The genus Capsicum consists of approximately 30 species of which C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. baccatum and C. pubescens are domesticated. Although Capsicum has been studied from the taxonomic and evolutionary point of view, using morphological, cytological and molecular characters, there are still sorne problems related to the taxonomic delimitation of the genus and its species, the nomenclature of the wild and cultivated forms, and the treatment of infraspecific variation. In order to determine the generic and specific taxonomic limits and to establish their phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships, it is necessary to undertake these studies among all the taxa of the genus Capsicum. C. annuum, C. chinense, and C. frutescens are taxa that form a taxonomic complex that can be barely differentiated and at the present it is impossible to determine whether they belong to the same or different species. The center of origin of the genus Capsicum is in South America, in the region that comprises Bolivia, northern Argentina, and central and southern Brazil. The biogeographic and archeobotanical studies indicate that during the dispersion of Capsicum along the American Continent, some of the species were domesticated independently in different places: C. annuum in Mexico; C. frutescens in Costa Rica, and possibly also in Mexico; C: chinense in the Amazonas lowlands; C. baccaturn in Bolivia, and C. pubescens in the Andes. In Mexico, C. annuwn has been cultivated throughout all the country; C. frutescens in the central and south eastern regions; C. chinense in the Yucatán Península, and C. pubescens in the high lands of the central states. In addition, there are C. ciliatum and C. lanceolatum, two species that have never been used by man. Genetic and ecological studies on wild populations are very important for the use and conservation of this genetic resource.

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"Palinologia E Archeobotanica." Giornale botanico italiano 129, no. 2 (January 1995): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263509509431076.

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Sheng, Pengfei, Meiying Zhao, Zhihao Dang, Edward Allen, Luo’sang Tajie, Tian Ma, and Hongen Jiang. "Foodways of the Medieval Tibetans on the Silk Road: New evidence from the Miran Site in Xinjiang." Holocene, October 17, 2022, 095968362211261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596836221126131.

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Located in the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang, the Miran site is well known for its so-called “winged angel” frescos and diverse cultural artifacts dating from the Han Dynasty through Tubo Kingdom (~200 BC–900 AD) periods. This essay presents the first integrated archeobotanical and isotopic investigation on the archeobotanical remains at Miran. Our findings suggest that, despite implementing mixed-crop cultivation, Tibetans at Miran became increasingly invested in drought-resistant millet-based agriculture. New seed δ13C data recovered from naked barley and wheat at Miran provide additional suggestions that medieval Tubo people likely employed improved irrigation techniques at this Silk Road settlement.

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Gorbaněnko, Sergij. "Archeobotanické nálezy kultury pražského typu z Ukrajiny." Archeologické rozhledy 69, no. 3 (October 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.35686/ar.2017.25.

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Článek prezentuje archeobotanické nálezy kultury pražského typu z území mezi řekami Dněprem a Dněstrem na Ukrajině. Nálezy ze čtyř lokalit (Velikaja Bugajevka, Kodyn I, Kodyn II, Luka Kavetčinskaja) byly analyzovány autorem, materiál z dalších dvou nalezišť (Raškov III and Tětěrevka I) zpracovala G. A. Paškevič. Statisticky hodnotitelné jsou nálezy jen ze čtyř lokalit; údaje z Bugajevky jen zajímavým způsobem dokreslují rituální praktiky v zacházení s obilovinami. Ze statistických šetření byly rovněž vynechány podsýpkyprosa na dnech nádob, protože při tomto použití zřejmě šlo o záměrný výběr plodiny, nikoliv náhodný výskyt. Význam jednotlivých druhů obilovin je posuzován podle přepočtu na relativní hmotnost obilek. Z tohoto hlediska byl nejvýznamnější obilovinou ječmen, následovaný žitem a nahými pšenicemi; méně je zastoupena přenice dvouzrnka. Podíl prosa v hmotnostním indexu je stabilně desetina až šestina, velmi malá jsou zpravidla též množství ovsa. Shluková analýza potvrdila velkou podobnost skladby plodin mezi lokalitami. Zastoupení plevelů dokládá výsev jaří i ozimů.

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Lu, Minxia, Xiaorui Li, Wenyu Wei, Yiwen Lu, Lele Ren, and Minmin Ma. "Environmental Influences on Human Subsistence Strategies in Southwest China During the Bronze Age: A Case Study at the Jiangxifen Site in Yunnan." Frontiers in Earth Science 9 (May 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.662053.

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The study of human dietary structures is an effective means of elucidating the subsistence patterns of our prehistoric ancestors and can highlight the processes through which humans interacted with the environment. We conducted stable isotope and archeobotanical analyses of human, animal, and plant remains at the Jiangxifen site, dated to ~900–400 BC, to explore human paleodiets and determine the environmental adaptation strategies adopted by humans in the middle valley of the Jinshajiang River in Yunnan Province. Humans predominantly consumed C4 foods (e.g., millet) and C4 food-fed animal protein sources, with smaller contributions from C3 food plants (e.g., rice) and C3 food-fed animal protein sources. We argued that the local dry-hot environment was the reason for the accessibility of C4 plants in the studied area. A comparison of our results with previously published archeobotanical data and isotopic evidence from human bones in other Bronze Age sites in Yunnan Province revealed high spatial variability in diets of human and subsistence strategies during this period. These differences were caused by the highly varying living environment of each region, which was related to fragmentation resulting from the geomorphological features of Yunnan Province.

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Gao, Yu, Jishuai Yang, Zhikun Ma, Yan Tong, and Xiaoyan Yang. "New evidence from the Qugong site in the central Tibetan Plateau for the prehistoric Highland Silk Road." Holocene, July 17, 2020, 095968362094114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620941144.

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Located in the central Eurasia, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a key area for the spread of culture, technology, and species. However, the Plateau’s role in the prehistoric food globalization has been underestimated due to the lack of archeological materials. The Qugong site was the only scientifically excavated site in the central TP up to now. It is the earliest and among the most important prehistoric settlements in the central TP, with charcoals dated to 3750–3500 cal. BP. Wild deer (Cervidae) and domesticated yak ( Bos grunniens) and sheep ( Ovis aries) remains were unearthed, but no archeobotanical studies had been conducted. Here we present new radiocarbon dating from charred seeds and archeobotanical data of the Qugong site. Dating back to 3400 cal. BP, there were foxtail millet ( Setaria italica), broomcorn millet ( Panicum miliaceum), wheat ( Triticum aestivum), hulled barley ( Hordeum vulgare), naked barley ( Hordeum vulgare var. nudum), and bitter buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum) identified at this site. We propose millets in the central TP came from the eastern TP, while wheat and barley here probably came from northern South Asia. It indicates that the Eastern and Western cultures arrived in the central TP in prehistory via different routes in late fourth Millennium BP. The intercultural communications not only flourished the prehistoric central TP but also laid the foundation for the later ‘Highland Silk Road’.

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Li, Yaping, Junna Zhang, Xiaohu Zhang, and Haitao Zhao. "Agriculture, the Environment, and Social Complexity From the Early to Late Yangshao Periods (5000–3000 BC): Insights From Macro-Botanical Remains in North-Central China." Frontiers in Earth Science 9 (May 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.662391.

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In northern China, the Yangshao cultural period (5000–3000 BC) was a critical timespan in the establishment of agricultural economies and the emergence of social complexity. We present the results of archeobotanical analysis from 58 soil samples collected from 12 recently investigated sites located in the Luoyang Basin, and recovered 5290 carbonized plant remains from 9 sites dating to the Late Yangshao period. We compared our novel dataset with previous archeobotanical date, compiling a total of 196 samples from 58 sites in central and western Henan Province. During the Early Yangshao period (5000–4200 BC), a nascent, extensive agricultural economy based primarily on broomcorn millet, with lesser foxtail millet and rice, was developing in small settlements (<0.2 km2) in the loess tablelands and valleys of western Henan province. However, the population pressure—rather than environmental degradation—drove the “foxtail millet-broomcorn millet substitution” during the Middle Yangshao period (4200–3500BC). The intensive agriculture based mainly on foxtail millet facilitated the development of social complexity in the region, as demonstrated by the emergence of size-graded agricultural settlements of medium (0.2–0.6 km2) and large (> 0.6 km2) scale. Notably, millets tend to be less ubiquitous in these larger settlements compared to smaller ones, with differences in millet ubiquity between sites increasing over time. The local surface hydrology influenced by paleoclimatic changes prompted the spread of agriculture from higher loess tablelands and valleys during the early Yangshao period into more marginal loess tablelands and plains by the Middle and Late Yangshao periods. Rice cultivation is concentrated in valley areas and appears to have been closely tied to environments with better hydrothermal conditions. Our research shows that climatic conditions during the Holocene fostered the development of agriculture during the Yangshao Culture period and that the distribution of settlements throughout this time was influenced by highly localized geomorphologic environments delimiting the distribution of crops. The rise of agriculture promoted the formation of complex and stratified economies in the Yangshao Culture period and it was the intensification and elaboration of these new economic and social systems that led to later transformation in agricultural structures and settlement sizes.

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Chvojka, Ondřej, Petr Menšík, Petra Houfková, and Tereza Šálková. "K depotům měděných žeber ze starší doby bronzové v sídlištním kontextu." Archeologické rozhledy 70, no. 2 (June 1, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.35686/ar.2018.8.

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Depot měděných žeber objevený v r. 2012 v Kučeři na Písecku umožnil díky odborně dokumentovaným nálezovým okolnostem položení několika významných otázek. Vedle typologického rozboru artefaktů z depotu v kontextu zachyceného rozdělení jednotlivých žeber do celkem čtyř svazků byly provedeny archeobotanické analýzy i radiokarbonové datování. Za důležitou považujeme otázku vztahu depotu k sídlišti, jehož existence byla potvrzena v několika drobných sondách a které nabízí možnosti analýzy vztahu hromadných nálezů starší doby bronzové k soudobým rovinným sídlištím v širším středoevropském prostoru. Palynologická analýza a analýza rostlinných makrozbytků nabízejí zamyšlení nad charakterem lidských aktivit v sídelním areálu. Komparace archeobotanických a radiokarbonových dat z depotu a z kulturní vrstvy pak umožňuje rozvahu nad vzájemným vztahem obou těchto komponent.

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Bastiaens, Jan, and Cyriel Verbruggen. "Archeobotanisch onderzoek van het Romeinse kamp van Maldegem-Vake (Oost-Vlaanderen, België). Macroresten van de opgravingscampagnes 1986 en 1987." Handelingen der Maatschappij voor Geschiedenis en Oudheidkunde te Gent 49, no. 1 (January 1, 1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/hmgog.v49i1.315.

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Tao, Dawei, Fei Liu, Guang Ren, Michael P. Richards, and Guowen Zhang. "Complexity of agricultural economies in the Yiluo region in the late Neolithic and bronze age (3500–221 BC): An integrated stable isotope and archeobotanical study from the Tumen site, North China." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, July 21, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.3020.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Archeobotanica'

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