Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Archéologie de la mort'
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Maines, Emma. "Diversité biologique et archéologie de la mort : une approche populationnelle et culturelle du Néolithique soudanais (Haute-Nubie)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H078.
Full textThe human remains and excavation archives from 5 cemeteries from the Kadruka concession represented a unique opportunity for the study of the evolution of Neolithic populations and funerary practices in Neolithic Upper Nubia. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to reconstruct the biology of these populations (their health and lifeways) as well as to examine the specific practices at work in the different sequences of the funerary cycle within a chronological framework. Through the study of the 643 individuals (for the biological analysis) and 734 structures (for the archaeological analysis) from KDK 1, KDK 2, KDK 18, KDK 21 and KDK 23 and their comparison, it was possible to discuss the homogeneity of these populations from a biological and cultural standpoint. While the analysis of non-metric anatomical variation (specifically the discrete dental traits) points toward an overall continuity and uniformity throughout the Neolithic, though arguments may also be advanced based on this data for thinking flexibly about population admixture and processes of acculturation following migration patterns that may be multiple and discontinuous. Mortality profiles, non-specific stress markers, and other palaeopathological and occupational indicators, provide evidence of significant variability with biological, as well as cultural implications. Elements related to the processes of change at work within these societies, at a critical chronological and cultural juncture in the Prehistory of Upper Nubia, are perceptible through the study of these funerary groups. For example the exclusion of younger infants within burial areas otherwise including the remains of older individuals, the percentage of carious teeth incidence within populations and the use of teeth as tools, all speak to shifts in economy, subsistence and the structuring of society. While our analysis of funerary practice appears globally homogenous, our data also points to significant variability within an otherwise established and stable funerary sequence (important shifts in grave goods, variable occupation and structuring of the cemetery space, etc.). Finally, this work takes a critical look at the place the Kadruka concession now occupies within the greater understanding of the funerary experience in Prehistoric Sudan, as well as along the Nile river valley and across the Sahara. In examining data from a synchronic and diachronic perspective, across a wide variety of regions and contexts, we achieved our goal of identifying cultural undercurrents, evolutions and particularities for the Kadruka ensemble, as well as for the Sudanese Neolithic more broadly
Chambon, Philippe. "Du cadavre aux ossements : la gestion des sépultures collectives dans la France néolithique." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010578.
Full textWhat is meant by the term collective grave? It is a structure in which several individuals were buried in succession. Using evidence from a hundred sites, twenty of which were studied at first hand, the diversity of behaviour in collective graves is analysed, as well as the geographical and chronological development of burial practices. Five categories of site are distinguished. First of all, there are tombs which have traditionally been described as collective, but ultimately contain no clear evidence for successive burials. The second group comprises minimal collective tombs, with small numbers of bodies and quite simple funerary behaviour. Emptied graves are common. This was possibly done for a variety of reasons, such as to create more space or to recuperate bones. Secondary deposits, particularly cremations, are rare. They are not easy to identify and this explains their scarcity. The last group includes tombs with combined evidence for rearranged bones, compartmentation, and partial emptying. A tentative chronology for these practices is put forward. In the middle neolithic (4500-3500 B. C. ) the successive nature of burials in the monumental tombs of western France remains hypothetical. They were built to contain a limited number of burials, without selection for gender or age. From 3300 to 2800 B. C. , inhumation in collective tombs was the norm. Did this apply to the whole population? At the end of the neolithic, between 2700 and 2300 B. C. , an increased variety of burial practice marks the decline of previous ideology. However, collective graves do not disappear until the first quarter of the 2nd millennium. What do the collective tombs really signify? Their image of equality in death must surely conform to social organisation. The society of the dead is an idealized projection of the society of the living
Sachet, Isabelle. "La mort dans l'Arabie antique : Pratiques funéraires nabatéennes comparées." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE4099.
Full textIn this dissertation, we try to compare the funerary practices of the Nabataeans with those of their neighbours in ancient North Arabia, such as the Jews, the Palmyrenes as well as nomadic tribes living on the desert fringes. The area under Nabataean influence which is included in this study is the Ḥawrān, the Ḥijāz, , the Negev and Sinai. The aim is a synthesis based on archaeological data, both new and old, as well as literary and epigraphic sources. The first part of volume 1 is a typological study of Nabataean funerary monuments. It is followed by a study of the development of the necropoles followed in turn by a study of the spatial organisation of the areas devoted to funerary, domestic and religious monuments. The second part of the first volume offers a synthesis on Nabataean funerary practices as well as an essay on Nabataean society. Volumes 2 and 3 contain respectively the catalogue of the all recorded Nabataean tombs and the plates
Fridriksson, Adolf. "La place du mort. Les tombes vikings dans le paysage culturel islandais." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040215/document.
Full textThe Place of the Dead. Viking Pagan Burial in Icelandic Cultural LandscapeLa place du mort is a topographical study of pagan burials from the late Iron Age in Iceland. The aim of this work is to investigate where burials are located, and explain the reason behind the choice of place. The results are based on a critical revision of all available data on known burial sites in Iceland, and a survey of each site in the field. The main results are presented as a model of burial location, which shows that graves were placed either a) away from farmhouses, on boundaries and by roads, or b) close to farms, and a short distance outside the main activity area of the farm, or c) at the crossroads between the main road and the home lane leading to the farm. These results were tested – and confirmed - by further field survey and excavation. When the details of each grave at the two extreme locations were compared, and interesting difference became apparent: At locations near farms, the graves are frequently orientated N-S, the grave-goods are in small numbers and of a limited variety, and the population are predominantly adult or old men. The graves far away from the farm, are most often oriented E-W, there is a greater number and a greater variety of gravegoods, and there are male and female graves of people of all ages.The differences between locations are explained as different stages of the process of the human colonisation of Iceland which occurred in the late 9th century : at the initial stage, burials were located near to the only significant place of the first settlers, the habitation. With growing immigration, people establish boundaries between farms by placing cemeteries there. Towards the end of the colonisation, where boundaries have been agreed upon, the most significant location shifts again, from boundaries, to the junction between the main road and the home track, leading to the farm which has been located between two already established settlements
Corbineau, Rémi. "Pour une archéobotanique funéraire : enquêtes interdisciplinaires et analyses polliniques autour de la tombe et du corps mort (ère chrétienne, france – italie)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA3012/document.
Full textRoman and Christian mortuary practices are widely explored by historians and archaeologists in Western Europe. Considered as a relic of a social being, the dead body contributes to a better understanding of human communities and cultures. However, even if Man-Environment interactions are now a central issue of the scientific research, no study has questioned funerary behaviors in an ethnobotanical perspective yet. This work aims to reconstitute plant accessories that people collect in their environment to treat the corpse and modify its appearance or its anatomical and biological properties. An original methodology is set up to sample and analyze macro and microbotanical remains, especially pollen, from Roman, Medieval and Modern tombs (1st-17th centuries AD) excavated on eight archaeological sites in France and in Italy. These archaeobotanical data confronted with written sources shed light on two kinds of practices.On the one hand, plant materials such as floral arrangements, litter and cushion made of colorful and fragrant species accompany the defunct into the grave. These tributes modify the sensory perception of the corpse and materialize devotion to the deceased, even in more humble social backgrounds. These results invite archaeologists to consider a new and unexpected kind of grave goods during fieldwork and laboratory analysis.On the other hand, plants are used for embalming into elite social circles. In Europe this practice, most likely originated in Ancient Times, is accurately documented by written and archaeological sources between the 14th century and the early 19th century. Evisceration and excerebration procedures physically transform the corpse, then the flesh and the skin are treated with an aromatic balm composed by many plants and exudates such as wormwood, mint, myrrh and frankincense. Surgeons appeal to medicinal, olfactory and symbolic properties of plants in order to stop the decay process and honor the body.This work lays foundation for an ethno-archaeobotany of death and brings some elements to understand the relationship between the dead body and its plant environment. Ancient origins of these mortuary practices now need to be identified. Moreover their persistence in contemporary society could also be analyzed through an ethno-sociological approach
Bendezu-Sarmiento, Julio. "Archéologie de la mort, nécropoles, gestes funéraires et anthroplogie biologique des populations Andronovo et Saka de l'âge du bronze à l'âge du fer au Kazakhstan : IIe et Ier millénaire av. J.-C." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010581.
Full textChevance, Jean-Baptiste. "Le Phnom Kulen à la source d'Angkor, nouvelles données archéologiques." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030206.
Full textLocated 30 km north-east of Angkor, the sandstone mountain of Phnom Kulen is known for its particular topography and for being the source of many rivers in the region. Epigraphic data and the presence of numerous monuments indicate that the plateau of Phnom Kulen was the location of one of the capital of Jayavarman II, founder of the angkorian kingdom, at the beginning of the IXth century. Other archeological vestiges located on this plateau have allowed a better understanding of its occupation, not exclusively organized around the temples of the capital. This thesis offers a diachronic study of the occupation of this massif, from the first sites of the second part of the VIIth century to the remains of the postangkorian period. It revisits the epigraphic and archeological data gathered over a century and benefits from a new archeological map and recent and productive excavations. This study shows that some sanctuaries are anterior to the reign of Jayavarman II and reveals the importance of the « mountain-temple », around which numerous vestiges were to be located. The presence of a powerful settlement is evidenced by the habitat, most likely palatial and important contemporaneous hydraulic structures. Later, over the Xth and XIth centuries, hermits were occupying this mountain's rock shelters. This became a tradition during the postangkorian period and continues today, illustrating the sacred nature of the Phnom Kulen
Khawam, Rima. "L'Homme et la mort au néolithique précéramique B : l'exemple de Tell Aswad." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20133.
Full textTell Aswad, located 30 km East/South-East of Damascus, is a nearly 6 hectares tell not exceeding 4,5 meters height above the great lacustrian plain surrounding. The whole stratigraphy of the site dates from PPNB (8200-7500 B.C.), it's a reference site for the Central Levant because of the farmer/cattle breeder population showing connections between Southern and Northern Levant. The ancient PPNB levels, poorly understood in South Levant, give to the site an important historical status on a regional level. Thus, Tell Aswad offers us a rare documentation used for a better understanding of the PPNB period origins in the area and the cultural identities corresponding. The data are especially rich for the funeral practices. More than 119 individuals have been excavated spread on the entire occupation. Our results indicate the presence of a diachronic continuity of the funeral practices throughout the occupation due to an ancestral tradition. They reveal the use of simple burials but also specificity in the multiple burials by means of the skull withdrawal. Both models result from a selective choice imposed by the social system (hierarchical), indicating how the deceased had to be buried. The variability inside the skull treatment including the modeled skulls correspond to "ritual" and funerary practices highly culturalized. They reflect a social order and a group integrity materializing one of the major feature of the cultural identity of Neolithic PPNB society in Tell Aswad. Studying the spatial organization of the burials during the PPNB occupation of Tell Aswad reveals changes in burial sites, from burials in the house inside the family unit until the creation of specific area dedicated to funerary practices. The spatial organization of these areas becomes for our research a supplementary testimony of the social organization in the site
Durand, Raphaël. "La mort chez les Bituriges Cubes. Approches archéologiques et données biologiques d'une cité de Gaule romaine." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00337828.
Full textPour cela, nous avons établi un corpus répertoriant plus de 400 sites. Intégré à un SIG, il nous a permis d'observer la répartition des gisements funéraires sur le territoire. Les deux points les plus remarquables sont la différence d'implantation entre les sites funéraires et ceux d'habitats et le hiatus existant entre les nécropoles du Haut-Empire et celles de l'Antiquité tardive.
Après avoir sélectionné cinq sites, nous avons entrepris une analyse de plus de 1200 sépultures en associant données archéologiques et anthropologiques pour apporter de nouveaux éléments de réflexions à la compréhension des pratiques funéraires gallo-romaines. Dans le cas des sépultures à incinération, nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressé aux gestes de collecte et de stockage des restes du défunt. Pour les inhumations, nous avons surtout porté notre attention sur les apports des données biologiques à la définition des regroupements familiaux ou sociaux.
L'ensemble de ces données souligne l'existence de faciès locaux au sein de la cité et met en évidence l'importance du contexte archéologique dans lequel s'inscrit la nécropole pour la caractérisation des gestes funéraires.
Cruz, Pablo José. "Archéologie de la mort dans la vallée d'Ambato : homme et milieu dans le bassin de Los Puestos (Catamarca-Argentine) durant la période d'intégration régionale : IVe-Xe siècles après J.-C." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010611.
Full textRichier, Anne. "Mort ordinaire, morts ordinaires : traitement et devenir des corps dans les cimetières à partir de l’exemple provençal (XVIe - XIXe siècle) : apports de l’archéologie à l’histoire et à l’anthropologie sociale." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0170.
Full textThe recent archaeological excavation of modern and contemporary cemeteries has revealed new problems related to "ordinary" death between the 16th and 19th centuries. Although historians have been studying this theme since the 1970s in the context of the " New History ", funerary archaeology has been slow to invest these "newer than old" times outside of disaster sites, linked to epidemics or conflicts. The present research work proposes, based on unpublished factual data provided by the recent excavation of several cemeteries of Provence (France), to revisit the theme of the living facing their dead from the Old Regime to the industrial Age, a pivotal period in the history of death. Research is centred on the body, whether in the state of a corpse or skeleton, and offers an original look at the relationship that the living have with their dead. From funerals to forgetfulness, individual and collective, a whole range of gestures can be decrypted by observation of field data. Archaeology reveals the privacy of the tombs, little or not documented by historical sources. These gestures and practices are of course to relate to normative frameworks, beliefs, collective imaginaries, whose traces are written or figured. They are also directly dependent on the socio-economic conditions of buried and burying populations. Thus, this research work can only be multidisciplinary and dialectical, at the crossroads between archaeology, history and social anthropology
Zemour, Aurélie. "Gestes, espaces et temps funéraires au début du Néolithique (6ème millénaire et 1ère moitié du 5ème millénaire cal-BC) en Italie et en France méridionale : reconnaissance des témoins archéologiques de l'après-mort." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE2021.
Full textThis study deeply renews our understanding of the funerary practices of the first farmers living in Italy and in southern France at the dawn of Neolithic. The hypothesis of their uniformity, which has been not truly questioned so far, is now invalidated. On the contrary, the very essence of the funerary ideology, that was spread and perpetuated by these societies during more than one millennium, is the diversity of the funerary practices. Indeed, this variability including variousforms of corpse deposits (primary, secondary, individual, plural) nevertheless displays codesvarying from a culture to another, a group to another, a site to another and from an individual toanother, creating a diverse but coherent system. This study has also highlighted symbolic practices exploiting human remains, and revealed their procedures. Relying on a reasoned visionof the neolithisation process and on the nature of the Impresso-cardial complex, this approach also reaches the role occupied by the funerary system within the multifaceted complementarity between sites as well as the innovation degree of burial gestures, whose Mesolithic origin appears limited. Following an archaeothanatological approach and mobilizing a broad panel of after-death archaeological testimonies on a wide corpus (45 sites, 87 funerary units, 128 individuals) has therefore not only allowed accessing the funerary system of the considered societies, but on the top of that, studying and describing the behaviours they adopted in regard of the corpse and towards Death
Lévin, Sonia. "Le mont Olympe : espace des hommes, espace des dieux : archéologie matérielle et immatérielle de la montagne thessalo-macédonienne." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010513.
Full textWissam, Khalil. "Prospection dans le Liban méridional : étude du développement de la zone montagneuse de l'époque hellénistique à la fin de l'époque médiévale, 323 av. J.C.-1516 ap. J.C." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010574.
Full textPapaikonomou, Irini-Despina. "« Agouros Thanatos » : les objets accompagnant les enfants morts en Grèce ancienne." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100010.
Full textThis is a new method of interpretation of “grave goods” that accompanied children in Antiquity. The term agouros, “unripe”, corresponds to the scientific understanding of the age group of the “immature”, aged 0 to 20 years : people that have not yet reached full biological development, and having unfinished pubescent body. This study, based on archaeological material in Abdera, Thasos and Amphipolis, aims to exploit the minute traces of ancient life that still remain, regaining the historical and anthropological position of the child in society. A thorough analysis of the role of the offerings that accompanied children reveals that they all construct, according to burial and cemetery, a system that refers to social identity itself, based on gender, “unmarried maiden” in particular. Some other items specialize an intimate unfinished identity, often leading to the life and problems that preoccupied the child and its environment at that age. The objects around the human body in the funeral treatment allow us to talk better about the deceased who are real people, not heroes of a tragedy. A large percentage of the "aôrai parthenoi" who died in adolescence may have actually been lost in childbirth or abortion. The customs concerning the dead can only be perceived and understood, once integrated into the whole society's value system and practices of people. The objects tied to customs, funerary practices and religion, guide us to approach children’s aspects of life in which death is also a part. These artifacts allow us to understand the inextricable relationship between child, nature, animals and the world of deities; especially Artemis, through which the ancients explain the phenomena occurring in the birth, childhood and adolescence
Filloy, Nadal Laura. "Costume et insignes d'un roi maya de Palenque : K'inich Janaab' Pakal : vie et mort d'un souverain maya du Classique Récent." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010628.
Full textReyser, Thomas, and Thomas Reyser. "Discours et représentations de l'Au-delà dans le monde grec." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692081.
Full textRenard-Collias, Josette. "Habitat et mode de vie dans le Péloponnèse au Bronze ancien : IIIème millénaire av. J.C." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010628.
Full textThe introduction gives the geographical, chronological and cultural framework of the study. Its main topic - everyday life - is set out, as well as its goals and method. * In the first part, the 171 archaeological sites building up the corpus of the study are presented and described. As a final assessment, it is shown that the nature and value of available information are widely conditioned by the history of research. * The second part deals with three main themes : settlement, way of life and death - the first theme copes with choosing and organizing the settlement : its location in the environment, its development as a collective living space, and the building and setting up of houses. - the second theme copes with everyday life activities. The finds are divided up into five groups : workmanship, subsistence, clothing - together with ornament and toilet requisites -, exchange and play. - the third theme deals with mortuary practices, which show the behaviour of the living towards death and the dead, but might also bear evidence of social organization
Goudiaby, Hemmamuthé. "Pratiques funéraires et statut des morts dans les ensembles résidentiels mayas classiques (205-950 apr. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H018/document.
Full textIn the Maya area, funerary practices are tightly linked to residential spaces. The proximity between the living and the dead is, therefore, at its apex. This situation raises a number of questions regarding the relationship between these defunct and their living heirs, inter-rogations reinforced by the high selectivity that seems to affect the sample. The residential Groups appear to be restricted areas for the dead, places that only a selected few can access according to different parameters. Amongst these, status is certainly the most prominent. It is further complexified by the existence of regional variations.This study opens with a general approach that deals with the practice of burying the dead within the house, complete with an extensive methodological discussion. A presentation of the excavation results from Naachtun’s Unit 5N6 (Guatemala) follows to illustrate the foregoing. Finally, data from several sites are statistically compared to show similarities and differencies, then discussed in light of several ethnographical studies
Pelletier, Tommy Simon. "LE BARACHOIS DE MONT-LOUIS, UN TÉMOIN PRIVILÉGIÉ DES PÊCHERIES SÉDENTAIRES DANS LE CANADA DE LA NOUVELLE-FRANCE." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29474/29474.pdf.
Full textBuquet-Marcon, Cécile. "De l'analyse ostéologique a la reconstitution du programme funéraire : gestes mortuaires et populations du Balochistan pakistanais protohistorique : Ve-IIIe millénaires av. J.-C." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H103.
Full textThe old settlements of the areas extending from Iran to India including Afghanistan and Turkmenistanare mainly known through transregional exchanges existing probably as early as Neolithic. From the funerarypoint of view, grave goods are among the most studied items. On the other hand, there is often little mentionof their context, namely the tomb and the deceased to whom those grave goods were dedicated. It was fromthese observations that it became interesting to work on these ancient stands. Based on an in‐depth study ofburials, this work proposes to reconstruct the funeral programs that have framed the various mortuarypractices. In a second step, we sought to highlight the common funeral traits of these populations as well asthe differences. On the whole of the Pakistani Balochistan, only four sites yielded tombs related to theChalcolithic period. The sites of Miri Qalat and Shahi‐Tump, have delivered over 200 individuals spread overtwo periods for the fourth millennium. At the Sohr Damb site, in Nal, about 100 individuals are counted for twoperiods in the fourth and early third millennium. These three sites with unpublished data are the heart of thisstudy. We have compared our findings with publications for the Mehrgarh site, where two cemeteries werestudied, as well as published data for neighboring areas
Fochesato, Andrea. "Aux origines de la ville européenne. Technologie, typologie et fonction de l’architecture en bois dans l’habitat urbain des oppida celtiques (IIe-Ier s. av. J.-C.). Le cas de Bibracte, mont Beuvray (France)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/302531.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lefrancs, Vanina. "Préparer sa mort au Nouvel Empire. Aspects concrets des pratiques funéraires à Deir el-Medina." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30027.
Full textThis study brings together a selection of documentary hieratic ostraca and papyri from Deir el-Medina, the village of the royal tomb’s workmen during the New Kingdom. All are related to the differents stages of the concrete preparation for death by the inhabitants of this site. The informations they provide are studied through three large axis – discussed from thetechnical, lexicographical, economical, legal point of view, etc. – : the acquisition and preparation of the tomb; the order of the funerary equipment ; and the writing of wills. The comparison of these texts with archaeological findings allow to understand how the « medium » Egyptian of the New Kingdom anticipated his own death for himself and his descendants or, on the contrary, did not prepare it, leaving the task of taking care of his funeral to his heirs. In this context, the place of the women and their relative dependence towards the men of their circle are also discussed. The site of Deir el-Medina was chosen as the framework for this study because of its considerable documentation allowing a knowledge – unique for the ancient Egypt – of the daily life of its inhabitants. The focus is on how the work in the tomb of Pharaoh favored them ; besides the advantage of being awarded a burial concession – prerogative normally reserved for the egyptian elite –, their status make easier for them the access to raw materials and their specializations could be harnessed to their own ante mortem organization
Réveillas, Hélène. "Les hopitaux et leurs morts dans le Nord-Est de la France du Moyen âge à l'époque moderne : approche archéo-anthropologique des établissements hospitaliers." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30082.
Full textThe story of medieval and modern hospitals remained for a long time the privilege of the historians and the art historians. Their works have delivered numerous informations, both on their charitable vocation and on their financial organization, also helping to understand the details of the everyday life. The recent discovery of several Hospital cemeteries led to us to start by contemplating this study in a transdisciplinary way and by including an archeo-anthropological reflection, to answer questions, which until then remained unsolved. These specific funeral contexts have, up to now never been studied. Our main objectives were to try to characterize at best the subjects welcomed in hospitals, by analyzing both the funeral practice and biology. Our research focused on four medieval and modern sites of the northeast of France. Our study showed that certain characteristics were similar from one cemetery to another, particularly the funeral practice and recruitment. The first ones indeed remain rather simple, without particular structure like sarcophagus or vault. The buried appear to be similar from a site to another, with a weak number of children and a sanitary state which does not differ from what was discovered in other contexts. The presence of multiple graves on three of these sites (Troyes, Verdun and Epinal) permitted us to acknowledge evidence of a few major crisis, and thus understand the difference in the management of such an event by a medieval hospital or by a modern one
Edme, Anne-Laure. "Les différents modes d'évocation des défunts chez Les Eduens, les Lingons et les Séquanes au Haut-Empire (Ier - IIIème siècle) : de l'épigraphie à la représentation figurée." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH011.
Full textThis new study of funerary monuments in Roman Gaul aims at putting emphasis on the various tools used by the ancient populations to perpetuate the memories of their dead. Thanks to carved images or texts, the mention of the name, of the identity of the deceased and of specific aspects of his everyday life were some of the means used to keep his memory alive in the world of the living. The geographical area chosen corresponds to three ancient territories : thoose of the Aeduens, the Lingons and the Sequans. Geographically and culturally close, these territories show indeed the same funeral traditions in ancient times. As for the chronological frame, it is limited to the Early Roman Empire, from the 1st to the 3rd centuries. Thanks to an epigraphic and iconographic analysis of the stone monuments, the question of the funeral choices made by the person who commisioned the tom bis raised. Indeed, the ways of evocation diverge according to different criteria, thus implying significant changes in the aspect and the shape of graves. Do the latter denote practices specific to a city or a social group ? In the same way, the epigraphic applications are suitable to the information that the dead wishes to convey.The typological, stylistic and textual comparisons made with orther monuments from Gaul and Italy enable to analyse the particular commemorative practices of indigenous romanised populations from north-eastern Gaul.Through the study of a provincial corpus, this thesis completes the various researches dealing with Roman funeral art
Baron, Sandrine. "Traçabilité et évolution d'une pollution métallurgique médiévale de plomb argentifère sur le Mont-Lozère." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20102.
Full textArjangi, Azadeh. "Sagesse tragiques, sagesse freudienne : un parcours de Paul Ricœur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0119.
Full text“Tragic Wisdom, Freudian Wisdom: a Journey of Paul Ricœur’s” is the title of the present thesis inscribed at the heart of Paul Ricœur’s (1913-2005) interpretation of Freud. This research is the result of a philosophical initiative having for its ambition the reconstitution of an unexplored journey of Ricœur’s around psychoanalysis and Freud’s writings.Since the dynamic of Ricœur’s enterprise is expressed by continuity, and in the measure where his reading of Freud responds to the question of evil, one is struck by the themes that at first glance seem anterior to the 1960s when many philosophers became interested in Freud. He responds to his epoch with his Philosophy of the Will and particularly The Symbolism of Evil. Consequently, we have studied a number of concepts which are evoked during this period, such as myth, symbol, guilt, and the tragic. We have also shown how all of these themes have sustained a particular and atypical interest in Ricœur for Freud’s psychoanalytic writings and how they have prepared him for his later reflections on philosophy, notably in the epoch where he interrogated the question of interpretation.Furthermore, we have interrogated the philosophical interpretation of Freud that Ricœur proposes. Our working hypothesis was that the entry of a Ricœurian reading of Freud is discovered through an architectonic envisaged by philosophy. The three great structures of this architectonic are the interpretation of dreams, the interpretation of culture, and the death drive, which compose the hinges or the central point. We have also considered this architectonic as the summit of Ricœur’s reading of Freud where the most notable Freudian hypotheses have been discussed.The thesis of this work has been based on a progressive reconstruction of the path that Ricœur takes to the architectonic, specifically to different subjects such as psychoanalysis, the topical, consciousness and the unconscious, and reflexive philosophy. However, after having studied the different aspects of the Freudian architectonic we have gradually distanced ourselves from the phase of other themes including the Oedipus complex, the dialectic of the archaeology and teleology, although they have been invoked. Finally, the theme of the tragic reappears, influenced this time by his reading of Freud, which reminds us of another dimension of Ricœur’s philosophical work: to know that no theme already traversed and reflected upon will ever be abandoned in an intellectual journey
Marçais, Anne-Sophie. "Des morts ensemble : étude du recrutement des inhumés dans les sépultures collectives dans le Bassin parisien à la fin du néolithique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100176/document.
Full textThe collective graves appeared in all Europe at the end of the 4th millennium BC. The 446 graves known in the Paris Basin indicate the density and the extent of the constructions made during this period. This unprecedented increase of burials constructions has triggered a wide theoretical bibliography. The present work is focused on the identity of the dead deposited in two of the best documented graves from the Paris Basin, Bazoches-sur-Vesle and Bury, to reconstruct the status of the dead, the social organization and the funerary ideology of the living population of the village or the region which used these graves.The work was built from the analysis of the skeletons, approached through bio-archaeology and paleo-demography methods. Chronological models considering the rate of the inhumations into the graves were proposed, allowing to compare the precise evolution. At the end, these analyses show a real evolution of the burial practices inside the collective graves without population replacement. Contrary to the theories proposed during the 1980’, groups of dead observed inside the graves are rarely based on genetic criteria, but most of time on activities practiced by each subgroups which shared the monument. Among the deposits, the children seem to have a special status, grouped in specific areas of the burial chamber. A comparison on the macro-regional scale shows that these characteristics were common to several gallery graves, demonstrating the existence of the same funerary ideology
Stanford, Blacketter Daphne E. "Mort /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10188.
Full textBillard, Claire. "Le Vieux Dieu : vies et morts d'une divinité ignée sur les Hauts Plateaux mexicains : étude diachronique de l'iconographie et de la symbolique d'une entité pré-hispanique par une approche comparée des sources, ethnohistoriques et ethnographiques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010614/document.
Full textThe Old God would probably be an igneous divinity, appeared since 9th century BC and which would have been already present in the Pantheon of the former Mexicans upon the arrival of the Spaniards. There, it would have adopted the names of Xiuhtecuhtli or Huehueteotl. The interest of this thesis is to undertake a diachronic study, through all the mexican Highlands, about this or these gods, to understand the evolutions and the interactions and finally to answer a main question : is there only one and the same divinity of fire since Middle Formative until the arrival of the Spaniards in 1521 ? The diachronic and multidisciplinary aspect of this work directs our approach and our methodology as the data of Late Postclassic will be analysed thanks to ethnohistorical and ethnographic information. The corpus of former times will be handled in a systematic way by a structural, technical, iconographical and finally symbolic approach
Gallaire, Jean-Sébastien. "Michel Leiris, la poésie et la mort : pensée de la mort, mort de la poésie ?" Nancy 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN21006.
Full textIn all his work, Michel Leiris apprehends poetry according to the obsessing thought of death, making this latter the driving force behind creative activity. It is in the attempt to define poetry much more than in the mere creation of it that Leiris sees a way of fighting this obsession. The thought of death thus involves a redefinition of poetry. The whole work of Leiris can be read as a metadiscourse treating of the poetic tool and tending to answer this single question : what is really poetry ? This search finally leads the author to consider poetry as a "sacred art". Like all forms of religions, poetry rests on the negation of death. Considering this, poetry may be described as religious, but this does not take into account the existence of God. Poetry is sacred in the sense given by Leiris ; through its practise, man can reach salvation : not by overcoming but by forgetting sovereign death. Thus, for Leiris, it is the darkness of death which helps clarify poetry
Ploy, Anne. "Donner la mort : la mort un objet socio-anthropologique." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30020.
Full textLegenne, Philippe. ""Archéologie d'un hôpital"." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M167.
Full textRicquebourg, Frédéric. "Archéologie de l'informatique." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_ricquebourg_f.pdf.
Full textThe computer - computing and information processing digital electronics instrument - was born at the end of World War II in an American university lab who worked for the armed forces of this country. Unsafe materially, very large consumers of electricity, accessible and usable only by highly qualified and sort on the track personnel the first computer systems and software were for the most part designed to meet the specific needs of the military. Initially thought to be artificial equivalents to human brains, they occupied dozens of square feet on the ground, weighed tons while their cost was usually several hundred thousand dollars. As for their computing power, it was nothing less than pathetic compared to that which everyone can have nowadays. In about sixty years, the computer has literally conquered human societies by turning them so dramatically and so deeply that it is now commonly accepted to speak of digital revolution. Cheap, ultra-miniaturized, multiforme, powerful, globally networked, it is now absolutely everywhere, in all aspects of human existence. The computer has become so crucial to ourselves, our time and our economy that paradoxically we ended up not paying attention to it. After questioning its provenance, its logical and mathematical essence, we show how the computer, this prodigal son created and perfected in wartime by the powerful army-university-industry triangular, has continued to undergo dramatic qualitative and quantitative transformations while retroactively inducing remarkable transformations on institutions, groups and individuals in society. Through this archeology of computing we try to better understand the universal machine, its history and the computer science, in the hope of better understanding man and the world in which he lives today.
Wilhelm-Schaffer, Irmgard. "Gottes Beamter und Spielmann des Teufels : der Tod in Spätmittelalter und Früher Neuzeit /." Köln : Böhlau Böhlau, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41065841v.
Full textBibliogr. p. [418]-436.
Cataldi, Maddalena. "Découvrir, comprendre et interpréter des gravures pariétales : une histoire de la science archéologique à travers l’histoire de l’étude scientifique du Mont Bégo (1868-1947)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0130.
Full textNowadays, the Vallée des Merveilles archaeological site, in the Mercantur National Park (Alpes-Maritimes, France), preserves about 40.000 protohistoric engravings. These engravings are carved on the rocks of the valleys around Mount Bego, dated between the Chalcolithic and the Bronze Age (3300-1800 BC). Known since the 16th century, these engravings reappeared around the 1860s, in the framework of a recently established knowledge, prehistory. Our research examines how they have been characterized as a scientific object as well as the process that led to their protection as expression of the culture of the “primitive man”. The thesis analyzes, through an historiographical method, three moments of the redefinition of the value of the site, in order to describe how it is constituted at the intersection of the scientific debate, of the construction of the public opinion and his protection by national institutions
Tossou, Yao Hovanna. "La Mort ewe." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610325r.
Full textLimas, Louisy de. "La petite mort." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/129337.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2015-02-05T20:58:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 328194.pdf: 2334530 bytes, checksum: e58ae5aace9a49a1a4f822a3af789694 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Existe um jogo de transgressão das interdições, e se trata de um jogo violento. "Essencialmente o campo do erotismo é o campo da violência".1 Acontece uma violação no ser fechado e distinto, separado na sua descontinuidade. Desprende-se de seu estado cotidiano, no mundo social e profano do trabalho, para entrar numa abertura de continuidade profunda, perdendo-se de si mesmo. La Petite Mort é como os franceses chamam o ápice erótico. Morro de não morrer. A questão que colocamos não é sobre uma vida no além, mas um mais além de vida. Não uma morte absoluta, se trata de uma pequena morte. Para Bataille, na pequena morte erótica se experimenta o impossível. Para Lacan é na morte simbólica que se encontra o real. A mesma experiência de ruptura atravessa os dois autores: o gozo. Não a morte do corpo, da carne, mas a morte do sujeito na dissolução das ilusões de um eu que se constitui como unidade. Encontramos no erotismo uma experiência de morte. Se gozar não é morrer seria, então, repetir uma morte que não nos matou?
Abstract : There is a game of transgressing prohibitions, and it is a violent game. "Essentially the field of eroticism is the field of violence". An infraction against the closed and distinctive human being, separated from its discontinuity, detaching himself from his everyday state in the social and profane world of work, to enter into a gap of deep continuity, losing himself . La Petite Mort is how the French call the erotic climax. I die by not dying! The question is not about a life hereafter, but life beyond. There is no absolute death, just a little death. For Bataille in small erotic death we experience the impossible. For Lacan it is in the symbolic death that we find realness. The same experience breaks through both of them : sexual rapture. Not the death of the body, the flesh, but the death of the individual by dissolving the illusions of a self unit. We find eroticism in a death experience. If sexual rapture is not dying, would it then repeat a death that did not kill us?
Tossou, Hovanna Yao. "La mort Ewe." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H128.
Full textThe ewes defined the personality like an entity that cannot be described. The "se" is always existing. Before the birth of man he lived in the divine city; on earth, he's only on holidays ; after death, he returns above with the power of manifesting as he wants in the postmortel apparitions. Death, for the ewes shows the end of first stage of life, that of terrestrial existence. It consists an act accomplished by individual to return according to a programme which was already established, elaborated by himself, and approved by divine city at above
Milanesi, Claudio. "Mort apparente et mort imparfaite l'incertitude des signes de la mort dans la médecine des lumières (1740-1800) /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376080427.
Full textBausch, Julie-Suzanne. "La mort du monde comme conséquence possible de la mort de Dieu et de la mort de l'homme." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040200.
Full textWe analyzed Nietzsche’s conception of the death of god. The atheist "of rigor" (Valadier) detected in this phenomenon different nihilisms (reactive, negative, passive, active). The "logic of death" gave us the possibility of thinking the "death of man", discovered by the structuralism of Foucault. Then the same logic brought us to the threat of the "death of the world", world already dead as a creation et near to agony as a world seen as an object. The conclusion of the work is founded on Nietzsche’s anti-nihilism and on a philosophy of life, which is seen as an essentially "sacred" phenomenon
Milanesi, Claudio. "Mort apparente et mort imparfaite : l'incertitude des signes de la mort dans la médecine des lumières (1740-1800)." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010677.
Full textThe second half of the eighteenth century saw the birth of the doctrine of the uncertainty of the signs of death within the medical sciences. The diagnostic value of traditional signs -absence of sensations and movement, cessation of heartbeats and breathing symptoms, etc. - is criticized by J. B. Winslow et J. J. Bruhier; the only sign of death that they deemed foolproof is putrefaction. This sceptical doctrine is based on a compilation of cases of apparent death and pre- mature burial which, for the most part, are derived from literary and popular traditions, are reinterpreted as "clinical cases" by J. J. Bruhier; it may also be seen as the result of a crisis within the platonic and christian model, for which death was a mere instant, that is, the instant when the soul separates from the body. On the contrary, according to the new medicine that emerged in the aftermath of the scientific revolu- tion, death was a process of progressive shutdown of the functional sub- systems. This doctrine amplifies a neurotic fear, that of being buried alive, which at that time became a fully-fledged collective phobia. It also sparked research in the new scientific fields: states between life and death, reanimation techniques, physiology of death
Dendievel, André-Marie. "Paléoenvironnements holocènes du plateau du Béage (massif du Mézenc, Massif Central, France). Les variations climatiques et les activités anthropiques révélées par l'étude des macro-restes dans les sédiments tourbeux et la gyttja." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES004/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis has resulted in the reconstruction of the holocene environmental history of the Béage plateau in Ardèche (massif du Mézenc, Massif Central, France). It focussed on the study of organic sediments from the La Narce du Béage and Pialeloup peatlands. Two complementary sites were also considered: the Pré-du-Bois swamp and the alluvial stratigraphies from the middle Gage valley. Our approach aimed (1) to perform a palaeoecological study of these sites (macrofossils and palynology); (2) to better understand watershed evolution thanks to multi-proxies analyses (magnetic susceptibility, grain size, organic matter content, geochemistry); (3) to compare these results with other local to regional data. During the Barly and the Middle Holocene, local humidity variations occuned concurrently with rapid climate changes(RCCs) recorded in the Northern Hemisphere (dry episodes: 10,900-10,500; 9,900-9,600; moist: 10,400-10,000;9,600-9,100; 7,900-7,400; 6,400-6,000 and 5,400-5,000 cal. BP; contrasted: 8,500-8,150 cal. BP). This study also allowed to identify agro-pastoral impacts around 6,900-6,450 cal. BP (Barly Neolithic), around 5, 700-5,000 cal. BP (Middle to Recent Neolithic) and close to 4,800-4,100 cal. BP (Final Neolithic). Anthropogenic impact got stronger between 2,400 and 1,250 cal. BP (IV'h century BC-Vlth century AD). A new stage of landscape management was recorded after 1,050 cal. BP (Xth century AD), involving rye cultivation, extensive livestock grazing(sheep and cattle) and fruit tree farming (walnut and chestnut: XIIIth-XIV'h centuries). Severe soil erosion occurred, alsodriven by the Little Ice Age deterioration (from the XIIlth to the XVth century AD). Finally, during the X!Xth and theXXth centuries cattle grazing remained strong, but cultivation ended due to demographic exodus during the xxth century
Vieira, Fraga-Levivier Ana Paula. "La mort à fleur de peau : corps et mort en psychanalyse /." Paris ; Budapest ; Kinshasa [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40238343g.
Full textBibliogr. p. 231-241.
Sarmiento, Gricelda. "Pulsion de mort, jouissance : Anankè entre jouissance et pulsion de mort." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070110.
Full textGorin, Franck. "Archéologie de Chontales, Nicaragua." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010503.
Full textBetween 1984 and 1988, various archaeological surveys and excavations in the western part of the department of chontales, nicaragua, permitted to establish an archaeological sequence of six phases : mayales 1 (500-200 b. C. ), mayales 2 (200 b. C. - a. D. 400), cuisala (a. D. 400-800), potrero (a. D. 800-1200), monota (a. D. 1200- 1550) a,d cuapa (a. D. 1400-1600). The first four phases correspond to the presence of an anonymous population; the monota phase is caracterized by the arrival of nicarao indians, and the cuapa phase by the intrusion of chontales indians, according to the archaeological, ethnohistorical, linguistical and toponymical data. The archaeological artifacts most concerned by this study are the ceramics, ornaments and burials
Lafontaine, Andrée. "De la mort baroque à la mort classique; suivi de, Oraison funèbre." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60604.
Full textThe fiction entitled "Oraison funebre" tells the story of a death and the questioning it evokes. Woven into it is the story of the "little" deaths that take place in the course of a life.
Hincker, Vincent. "Se soucier des morts de l'Antiquité aux premiers siècles du Moyen Age : la parole de saint Augustin à l'épreuve des enjeux socio-anthropologiques des funérailles et du tombeau." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC039/document.
Full textWhat is a graveyard ? The question seems rather trivial, however for several years historians have debated numerous time on the subject and seek to determine whether the advent of Christianity has profoundly changed the relationship of the living with the dead.in the first part the purpose is to analyze the word of St. Augustine to the extent that it is considered as a foundation of the Christian doctrine in terms of funeral practices. In this perspective, Augustine's treatise devoted specifically to this question, the De cura gerenda pro mortuis, is re-examined in the light of the ontological-theological system that St. Augustine built throughout his life. Far from being a simple guide to good practices for Christians, the De Cura appears as a development of this system. Augustine examines the question of the place of the body in the relationship between the living and the dead. The very construction of the De cura designates the body as the object that Augustine places at the heart of his reflection.Borrowing the track designated by Augustine, the second part of this thesis is about understanding the role of the body in funerary ritual as it is grasped in the written and archaeological sources of Latin antiquity and the first centuries of the Middle Ages. A fresh examination of these sources makes it possible to restore a series of funeral rites that compose a real cycle through which the death of others is shaped so that everyone can recognize that it has taken place. With the help of philosophy, in particular phenomenology, it becomes possible to note that it is not only a question of recording the death of others in time, but that it is also about inscribing it in space, that is to say in a place, which is precisely what is intended by the act of burying the dead in a tomb.Finding a place for the dead does not mean moving them away from the community of the living, but on the contrary assigning them a place so that the living can establish a relationship with them. Indeed, it is precisely the modalities of this relationship, which pass through the mediation of the tomb and therefore through it through the mediation of the body, which do not fit in with the philosophy of St. Augustine.Ultimately, the meeting of burials with the buildings embodying the Christian community, confirms the failure of the Augustinian word before the concern of the members of this community to bring the dead, body and soul, into the City of God
Gleize, Yves. "Gestion de corps, gestion de morts : analyse archéo-anthropologique de réutilisations de tombes et de manipulations d'ossements en contexte funéraire au début du Moyen Age (entre Loire et Garonne, Ve-VIIIe siècle)." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13308.
Full textBianchi, Nicoletta. "ART RUPESTRE EN EUROPE OCCIDENTALE : CONTEXTE ARCHEOLOGIQUE ET CHRONOLOGIQUE DES GRAVURES PROTOHISTORIQUES DE LA REGION DU MONT BEGO. De la typologie des armes piquetées à l'étude des gravures schématiques-linéaires." Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00915928.
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