Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Archéologie des cultes'
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Vernet, Yannick. "L'Apollon de Chypre : naissance, évolution et caractéristiques du culte apollinien à Chypre de ses origines à la fin de l'époque héllénistique." Thesis, Avignon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AVIG1154/document.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation aims to analyse and define the context of apparition of the Apolline cult in Cyprus as well as its characteristics and its evolution from its origins until the end of the Hellensitic era
Drouin, Mathieu. "Les cultes d'Héraklès et de Kakasbos en Lycie-Pisidie à l'époque impériale romaine : étude des stèles dédiées aux dieux cavaliers à la massue." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30806/30806.pdf.
Full textThe following thesis collects, analyzes and comments the steles dedicated to club-bearing rider-gods inscribed in ancient Greek. Herakles and Kakasbos, gods of diverging origins, received cults which produced equivalent traces in Lycia and Pisidia between the 1st and the 5th century CE. Thematically articulated, this study is about different aspects related to Herakles’ and Kakasbos’ cults – dedicators, gods honoured, provenance, dating and production of the steles, methodology, cult’s diffusion history. The autor also examines several hypothesis formulated by former studies on the subject. Annexes give a complete inventory of the steles and different tools for paleographic, prosopographic and geographic analysis.
Dunyach, Ingrid. "La place du Roussillon dans les échanges en Méditerranée aux âges du Fer : Étude d’une organisation territoriale, sociale et culturelle (VIe-IIIe siècle avant J.-C.)." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0033.
Full textThe Roussillon is a place located between mountains and sea, at the crossroad of the extreme south Gaule and North-East Iberia. A global approach of this territory and its population dynamics is realized in this work to understand the evolution and the spatial and qualitative repartition of archaeological remains through the centuries. The available Archaeological data has been studied again through to the latest field investigation data (obtained by prospection and excavation) to present a report of this knowledge. This data brings information about people occupation and the use of available resources in coastal and mountain areas. Thanks to the geographical information system, the data analysis shows the connections between natural resources, occupied spaces and economical exchange areas. These dynamics are confronted with the reception and the diffusion of imported ceramics coming from the Mediterranean trade. Commercial flows resulting from the new ceramic studies allow to understand, during this period, the population’s commercial and cultural diversities and how were their relationships with other populations. Exchanges and relationships between Greek, Iberian and local populations are developed through 6 case studies on coastal (Ruscino, Elne), port (Collioure) and hinterland cities (Teixonères, Escatiro). Finally, the study of a Greco-Roman cult place (la Fajouse) gives the opportunity to experiment an archaeology of cults in order to approach ritual behaviors as well as human and religious landscape of a mountain area located at the crossroad of Gaul and Iberia axes
Nieloud-Muller, Sébastien. "Les cultes des lacs en Gaule et dans le monde romain (IIe s. av. – Ve s. ap. J.-C.). Apports des sources archéologiques et textuelles." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL120.
Full textLike cave-sanctuary, holy woods and other natural shrines, sacred lakes were part of the sacred landscapes of the Roman provinces. Since the Renaissance, textual sources referring to the sacrality of lakes have widely attracted attention, fuelling a whole imaginary. This work, based on archaeological and historical sources, aims to analyse and define the relationship between lakes and the religious in the Roman world by distinguishing between reality and fantasy. Mainly centred on the provinces of Gaul between the end of the second century BCE and the fifth century CE, this research extends to the whole Roman world in a comparative perspective. After defining the lake and describing its morphological characteristics, the analysis and cross-analysis of data allow to deepen our knowledge about these lacustrine shrines and the representations attached to them. These bodies of water, often found in uneven terrain, were regarded as sacred due to specific characteristics construed as the sign of a divine presence (depth, colour, circularity/centrality, floating islands, level changing). These beliefs conditioned attendance at the lakes, as well as installations and ritual practices. Such lacustrine shrines left numerous artefacts, that now allow the archaeologist to identify them
Bourgeois, Claude. "Divona : archéologie du culte gallo-romain de l'eau." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040088.
Full textThere are many studies of this form of worship but they are based essentially on epigraphy which gives divinities’ names, and on folklore which might have retained memories of it. They are seldom based on realia. As for archeology, the offering of often modest but numerous ex-voto, according to their destination (whether they were made of wood, sheet metal or stone, anatomical or pathological, etc. ) or their function (ceramics, coins, etc. ) was the rite which left the greatest number of traces. Sanctuaries, as for them, may have been barely arranged springs (but neither rivers nor lakes) as well as monuments (fountains, divonnes, monumental fountains, a few "nymphees", etc. , but no wells), they were also numerous, varied and built according to a centered plan rather than against something. They were more often than not very modest and many of them were at least partly made of wood. Although there were also complex sanctuaries, in towns, often in the conciliabula, and in rural areas, running water always retained the main role. In the pantheon, some eighty divinities gathered, often local or water-related ones. There was no hierarchical organization among them even if they were less scattered than it could first seem : half of the acknowledgements were addressed to mother-goddesses and comparable divinities, among which the nymphs, a quarter to local male divinities, like borvo, and the last quarter to divinities bearing roman names, like Apollo, Mars, and Neptune. Usually, their iconography was classical. Most of them were healers or protectors. Finally, whereas this form of worship was natural, it was not naturalistic: Divona was the divinity of the fountain; she was not the water of the fountain. The relations with water, in a total freedom of worship, were sincere and often individual ones; the number and variety of the realia show it
Cabezas, Hervé. "Le culte de Jeanne d'Arc dans les églises de Paris, étude archéologique." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040204.
Full textJoan of arc is celebrated and represented in France from the XVth century. But during all the XIXth and the beginning of the XXth century, we can notice a large expansion of her cult. The thesis studies this cult, typical of cult of saints of the period, at Paris, and especially in its 101 churches. This archaeological study is limited at the artefacts created for or used in the Joan of Arc's cult. Study of texts, songs, etc. Is not included in it. The analysis of the artefacts explains the process of the picture creation and of the cult of Joan of Arc
Soutif, Dominique. "Organisation religieuse et profane du temple khmer du VIIème au XIIIème siècle." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030074/document.
Full textAs from the 19th century, Khmer temples have raised a number of questions that are still of interest today, and how they functioned is not the least fascinating of them all. The monumental features and sizes of these foundations suggest that they housed continuous and diverse activities, similar to those of their Indian equivalents that are still active today. This study is especially concerned with the daily activities that went on from preangkorian to angkorian times. This thesis is based on an archaeological approach that aims at identifying the activities and celebrations conducted in these temples from the implements that they required. Nevertheless, the precious, recyclable or perishable nature of what belonged to the gods makes their discovery extremely rare. As a consequence, the sources of this study are essentially epigraphic Khmer documents that list long records of items. These lists are considered from two complementary angles. They first consist in a heritage that was carefully described not only to make it easier to use but also to protect it. How they are numbered, what they are composed of and how much they weigh are therefore a number of means to estimate how much they are worth and how to identify them. Furthermore, the objects used during the celebrations give an insight into the rites that were conducted in these temples. This study aims at putting them together as well as organizing them in the light of Indian ritual directions since their influence on Khmer religious celebrations are well-known. Finally, this research has lead to studying yet unpublished inscriptions which are not limited to listing manufactured goods. They give an insight into all that belonged to the gods and to tackle different ways in which these sanctuaries functioned
Kodas, Ergul. "Le « Culte du Crâne », dans son contexte architectural et stratigraphique, au Néolithique au Proche-Orient." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010635.
Full textIn Neolithic Middle East, Decorated or isolated et plastered skull and acephalous skeleton we found in archaeological sets, very diverse and distinct in their contexts. Interest in cranium procurement is old and still strong in the scientific community. For a prehistorian it is, beyond ail contemporary challenges of our society, the key to access a world of beliefs, which give lives to Neolithic communities, often known for their cranium worship, which relates to their ancestors. The renewal of studies and recent discoveries implies to analyse previous data, with a focal on the definitions of contexts based upon excavating notebooks. Here, especially recent studies conducted in the 21th century's first decade in Syria, Israel and Turkey have brought new data by analysing those practices by using archaeological and anthropological modems methods. The main angle of this study, which consists in the analysis of archaeological contexts and of cranium procurement technics, is a crucial element for the understanding of this phenomenon. It is the link between the archaeological context and the anthropological data, underdeveloped in the literature, that is the main approach of this study. Only a global approach will allow to develops hypothetical solutions to the understanding of the "cult of the skull" (craniums worship). We estimate that skulls procurement (isolated or plastered skulls and others) are deeply linked to system characterised as social complexity in the Neolithic. However the link between this phenomenon and social identity or social status remains to be assessed through furthers studies. Indeed, the processing human remains and procured skulls can certainly reveal social organisation and stratification of Middle-east Neolithic communities. In other words, mortuary customs and their variation are an absolute clue to construction of social identifies as sociopolitical and socioeconomical status of an individual or of a group of Neolithic societies. More than constituting only social structures' markers, skulls procurement, their process through plastering or the addition of paintings or other elements, and their masking, also represent markers of chronological and regional differences that should guide our futures studies
Poncin, Marie-Dominique. "Le culte des sources dans la Cité gallo-romaine des Leuques." Nancy 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN21007.
Full textClassical and Christian literature frequently refer to the worship of springs in the graeco-roman world. It seemed of interest to ascertain the veracity of these accounts through a study of the City of the Leci about which literary texts are conspicuously silent. Collected documentary evidence in the form of iconography and epigraphs, irrefutable evidence of the past, is scarce since the worship of water sources was basically an outdoor cult not involving permanent structures. Archeological evidence has proved difficult to interpret since the presence of ritual apparatus near a spring does not necessarily prove the existence of a cult. This study notes, however, all the listed sites and classes them according to the amount of evidence found, as only archeological excavations carried out with today's scientific precision could prove or refute its hypotheses. To these places presumed sacred have been added those springs known only through Christian tradition where religious practises were seemingly inherited from paganism. After the drawing up of these groups came the study of those divinities identified as healers : Apollo and Mercury, Sirona and Rosmerta ; then the divinities with secondary healing functions : Diana or Dianas, Themmother-Goddesses, then Junos, Neptne and finally, Hercules. Unfortunately, the dedication of many springs remains ananymous. It seems established that in the City of the Leci, the cult of springs flourished and expressed itself in a variety of ways. Its practises seem identical to those observed in other areas of the Empire, the most northern ones in particular. These rites had penetrated far enough into intellectual and cultural attitudes for local populations to have perpetuated them in the Christian tradition
Legros, Rémi. "Aspects des cultes mémoriels privés, dans la documentation archéologique et épigraphique, de la VIe à la XIIe dynasties (env. 2300-1793 av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20047.
Full textMemorial cults are discussed in a pragmatic way to establish the actual practices, their duration, their importance and their evolution. For this, the necropolis of Pepy Ist at Saqqara, is the subject of special attention and a corpus of 160 unpublished offering tables is presented in full.In the first part, the study seeks to characterize locations of cult places. It reveals a hierarchy of these places by a sectorization of the necropolises and a progressive intrusion in urban area with private chapels and divine temples.The second part focuses on the practices themselves. The main materials are analyzed: the offering table, the stele, the statue. Each is described in its specificity and relation to rituals provided. Particular attention is paid also to buildings, including the different types of private chapels.The final section analyzes the motivations of cults that can be divided into three main categories: administrative practices, intentions within the piety and devotional practices.These three aspects together indicate a change in social history with the development, from the sixth dynasty, of individualistic practices, in substitution of administrative and communal traditional practices.The second volume presents the corpus of offering tables from the necropolis of Pepy Ist. A thorough analysis of their dating is performed using a matrix permutation seriation. It reveals for the first time eight successive periods between the beginning of the sixth dynasty and the advent of the Middle Kingdom
Seigneuret, Delphine. "Le temple nabatéo-romain de Dharih (Jordanie centrale) : architecture, restitution, décor et culte." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010697.
Full textKhirbet edh-Dharih is a nabatean site situated approximately 70 km of the site of Petra in Jordan. Attached to the sanctuary is a small rural town and a necropolis. Supposed to be as a sanctuary during the pilgrimage, Khirbet edh-Dharih offers us a temple rich iconography and architecture for a better understanding of the nabatean religion. The temple, which is the site’s main structure, was built, based on stratigraphy, at the begginning of the second century A.D., which coincides with the time of the Roman annexation in AD 106. In this thesis, we analyzes the buildin gmethod of the temple, its reconstruction and the study of its cult and decoration. However if the iconography denotes a syncretic style graeco-roman subjects in a semitic treatment, the case is similar for the plan of the temple which presents, beyond the standard plan with a lobby and a cella, a religious platform on which were placed baetyls for making offerings to the divinities. From iconographic analysis of the facade and of the môtah of the temple, restored, we make a parallel between the information shown by the images and the conception as well as architecture of the temple
Puel, Olivia. "Saint-Martin de Savigny : archéologie d’un monastère lyonnais : Histoire monumentale et organisation spatiale des édifices cultuels et conventuels (IXe-XIIIe siècle)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20121/document.
Full textThe abbey of Savigny (Rhône), founded during the Carolingian period and nearly destroyed at the dawn of the French Revolution, has long been ignored by archaeologists due to the extent of its destruction. The epistemological approach of the Savigny studies revealed at first the archaeological potential of this site, emphasizing important differences between the official publications and the personal archives of the scientists. Comparing the results of the analysis of both archival sources and archaeological remains enabled to reconstitute the monumental history of the monastic buildings and to suggest drawing reproductions of the monastery for the Carolingian period, the Romanesque period and the end of the Middle Ages. New lines of thinking can now be put forward with regard to Savigny history. Probably built to the standard plan of benedictin abbeys from its onset during the first third of the IXth century, the abbey mainly reflects the fast integration of the Carolingian values of community life in the diocese of Lyon. It then underwent several changes which do not challenge its general organization but help the existing buildings to adapt to the requirements of a new liturgy. The transformation of the second church paradoxically results in the creation of a marian church at the intersection of the infirmary and the cemetery and, in addition, of a front-nave. Consequently, it is both an answer to the growing number of funeral masses and to the rituals used to accompany the dying that reflect the Cluny traditions. We may then consider that the abbey of Savigny could have been reformed by the abbey of Cluny at the turning from the Xth to the XIth century without being integrated into the Ecclesia cluniacensis
Vander, Linden Marc. "Archéologie, complexité sociale et histoire des idées: l'espace campaniforme en Europe au 3e millénaire avant notre ère." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211540.
Full textCoulibaly, Pon Jean-Baptiste. "Archéologie en pays tusian (Burkina Faso) : vestiges anciens et actuels de l'occupation humaine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H005/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes a synthesis of the archaeological data in Tusian space (Western Burkina Faso). Its purpose is to study material linked to the human presence in this area. Based on an approach that combines archeology, ethnography and anthropology this study is organized around the analysis and interpretation of archaeological remains. The sources used are: written documents, oral and archaeological sources. The issue revolves around two questions: the archaeological record of the tusian country and the contribution of the artifacts to the history of the people and the territory. The work is divided into ten chapters divided between three parts. The first situates the methodological framework and the study area. The second part is devoted to the study of archaeological sites and the third part presents archaeological objects. This thesis highlights new materials for the history of tusian space. It also contributes to the improvement of the archaeological and historical knowledge of this area. The study identified caves and shelters, anthropic mounds, sites for specific activities (metallurgy, Wickerwork, burial). The archaeological objects consists of potteries, polished stone axes and adzes analyzed from the morphological, typological and functional point of views. To these tools are added grinding wheels and other grinders still in use. The study of the rock art of the area is characterized by an attempt to locate sites of engravings, the identification of the different shapes and the techniques of engravings. Concerning the ancient metallurgy of iron, the study proposes an inventory of the main artifacts based on typology, chronology and spatial distribution
Moussé, Clément. "Les sanctuaires des prophètes dans la Syrie médiévale." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP045.
Full textIslam can appear as a strict monotheism religion, even intransigent, focus on the pilgrimage to Mecca. However, the Muslim religion has seen secondary worship develop, translated into Arabic by « ziyāra-s », or more commonly called the « worshipping saints ». If the area of the secondary devotions in Islam has been the subject of many studies, these never concern the more concrete part of the devotions, the sanctuaries in itselves. We propose to make this thesis work on this subject. These places of worship keep being visited nowadays and the sanctuaries are still a devotion object for the Muslim population; these places can be considered as objects of studies. By linking the archaeological data with the textual sources, a story of these sanctuaries and the phases of their development can be written. This research is limitated to one category of saints in particular: the one of the prophets quoted in the Koran. That is mostly the great figures of the Bible and the Gospels, since Adam to Jesus, recovered by Islam and mentioned in the Koran. This category of saints has the advantage to make the link between Islam and the previous Abrahamic religions. It enabled to check if these sanctuaries dedicated to these Muslim prophets were the rerun of the abrahamic tradition in a territory previously convert to Judaism and Christianity or if it was a Muslim creation. In that way, a corpus of 38 sites spread over the all Medieval Syria corresponding of the current political entities of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the West Bank has been established. The main goal was to understand the invention, establishment and legitimation process of these sanctuaries dedicated to the prophets using field data and comparing them with the information given by the Muslim, Christian and Jewish textual sources, by covering a wide period from the Antiquity to the Ottoman period. These sites, which some had a pre-islamic origin, reappeared at the heart of the Middle Ages and generated a literature which anchored them in the Muslim culture permanently. There was here a need, a necessity to rediscover all these places dedicated to the prophets. This prophets rediscovery reach its apogee in the XIIth-XIIIth century, during this famous period often said that it was rich in politics and religious upheavals, a period dominated by the « against-crusade » and the spririt of ğihād, the struggles between the Sunnis and the Shiites, the rivalries between the different law schools and the appearance of various religious command structures. However, a popular Islam co-existed and it comes to make the genesis of traces and materials frameworks of this popular religiosity
Curie, Julien. "Les travertins anthropiques, entre histoire, archéologie et environnement : étude geoarchéologique du site antique de Jebel Oust (Tunisie)." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL032/document.
Full textTravertine, known as lapis tiburtinus during Roman times, are continental limestones precipitated in calcareous environments from thermal waters of hot springs (travertine) or cool waters of karstic springs (calcareous tufa). This phenomenon is well-known during Classical Antiquity and had been described by several ancient authors (Strabo, Pliny the Elder, Vitruvius) who depicted a stone that forms extremely rapidly, a stone that outlines the landscape and which is largely used for construction (e.g. The Colosseum in Roma, the Greek temple at Segesta in Sicily). These deposits are widespread on Earth’s surface showing various morphologies and are great sedimentary records of climatic and hydrologic conditions. Thus they represent valuable proxies for palaeoenvironmental studies. The notion of anthropogenic travertine takes into consideration human impact on these deposits and on travertine-depositing waters. It is documented by the study of the roman site of Jebel Oust, Tunisia, where the exploitation of a hot spring is attested from the first century A.D. to the end of Late Antiquity. The site is characterized by a temple settled around the spring’s vent associated with Roman baths located downstream and supplied with hot water via an aqueduct. Our geoarchaeological approach brings to light the anthropization of the regional geosystem expressed by an entire control over the hot spring and its associated deposits. Furthermore the study of travertines preserved in the archaeological structures reveals precious and original information about water cult and bathing practices during Antiquity (thermal rooms function, water management, repair phases, states of neglect and decay). Moreover, geoarchaeology of anthropogenic travertine intends to offer a new approach of research‘s problematic dealing with water managements and integrating human impact on travertine’s development
Gazzola, Julie. "Les utilisations du cinabre à Teotihuacan." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010658.
Full textCasile, Anne. "Temples et expansion d’un centre religieux en Inde centrale : lectures du paysage archéologique de Badoh-Pathari du 5e au 10ème siècle de notre ère." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030114.
Full textBased on new data acquired from fieldwork, this Ph.D. dissertation is devoted to the archaeological study of temples and their place in the expansion of an important site in Central India, Badoh-Pathari (Vidisa district, Madhya Pradesh), between the 5th and the 10th century AD. This empirical research covers a geographic area of about 80 km², in which a large number of sites and remains from temples and hydraulic structures were discovered and examined. As historic artefacts organized in space and time and within various ecological and anthropogenic contexts, the remains of these temples and hydraulic structures testify of several interrelated socioeconomic processes in the formation of a centre in early medieval time. This work deals not only with the material of these artefacts and the structural configuration of the sites, but also with the landscape in which they are kept and distributed, reflecting how the dynamic rela! tionship between man and environment were forged. It is crucial to integrate the study of both material sources and landscape in a historical context in order to address the question about the role of religious institutions in the economic, political and religious development of a centre in early medieval time. The purpose of this work is: (1) to examine in detail the remains and their archaeological context, as well as the spatial and chronological distribution of sites, (2) to explore the landscape features in which they are kept, the functions of hydraulic structures and their spatial relation to cult sites, (3) to develop an integrated analysis of various data in the framework of a geographic information system (GIS)
Quertinmont, Arnaud. "Aux abords de la sépulture méroïtique : les approches du monument funéraire à l'époque méroïtique." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30044.
Full textAlthough the scientific literature relating to the royal or private meroitic necropolises is rather abundant, we must admit that no general study concerning furniture associated with the meroitic monument has been made. This material was only treated in various publications, such as catalogues of temporary exhibitions, monographs relative to a specific archaeological site... The aim of this work is to join together information available well on archaeological furniture relative to these specific structures. By the means of a methodological approach (archaeological, architectural, chronological, stylistic, typological and religious) and by means of the restitution of the objects in their physical context, we will try to restore the religious act, as to determine an evolution of these practices and to thus specify the symbolic system related to the objects concerned. We will seek to include/understand which were the acts and the steps practised by the actors of the funerary ceremony (family members and priests) aiming at celebrating the memory of the deceased in the collective memory. It will first of all be advisable to be interested in the royal traditions and to then determine when and how these traditions were adopted by the elites of the empire of Méroé, on the level of the capital and in the remainder of the empire. An examination of the archives of excavations, in particular those of G.A. Reisner, enabled us to discover new photographs of certain stages of the excavation thus revealing information of first importance as for the original site of certain objects, or illustrating other objects which did not appear in any publication because judged without real importance at the time. The present study, whose many approaches are new, makes it possible to establish a progress achieved, to consolidate certain ideas previously advanced in the scientific literature and again raises the question of "the egyptianisation" of the elites of Méroé and the perception of Egyptian civilization that the cultures bordering have some and this, in the various social layers
Derrien, Franck. "Analyse de l'occupation du Sinaï central durant l'holocène." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3026.
Full textCritical analysis of the archaeological surveys conducted in the Sinai Peninsula shows that the western central Sinai had never been explored before the beginning of this survey in the mid-1990's. Without a study of this area, models of the ancient occupation of the sinaitic territory were insufficient. The main objective of my PhD was to provide geographical and anthropological information to the archeologists. From a methodological point of view, all georeferenced archaeological structures were integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS). These remains were placed in their environmental context (climate, geology, geomorphology, vegetation…). In parallel, I initiated an anthropological documentary work on Bedouin currently living in the Peninsula in general, in the central Sinai in particular. I particularly concentrated on the tribal structures and boundaries, the management of territories, the cult of the saints and the economy. As part of this ethnoarchaeological reflection, new learning can establish a comparative analysis of past and current occupation of central Sinai. The conclusions of my studies may help to understand the archeological remains in the central Sinai and to develop a model of the region's occupation during the Holocene
Curcio, Mariateresa. "Le problème de l'auteur dans la culture artistique romaine : originalité et imitation." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010502/document.
Full textThe topic of my research has been to deconstruct the authorship as expression of a unique subject within the artistic creation. act, in order to understand the different elements composing an art-work in the elaborated Roman visual culture. I tried to investigate how the modern concept of author has influenced the analysis of Roman art and I have offered new paradigms useful for dealing with the investigation of some components of the Roman artistic culture. Now it's widely recognized that the aesthetic paradigms that consider the art-work separated from contexts (whether cultural or physics) can't thoroughly read Rome's artistic production. For that reason, redefining the authorial contents and introducing in the artistic vocabulary words such as emulation and reproduction, allows to analyze the who le artistic culture under a different interpretative point of view. Indeed the preponderance of the author in the creative process has influenced the modem study of the ancient works of art: an author has argued and verified the idea that any art-work has only a style, a period, and a unique culture. If we go beyond this reasoning, we can understand that the production of certain artistic categories, above all in Roman cultural world, is the result of a mix of formals features and cultural models that can't be isolated within a style, a period or geographical borders. As a consequence, my work tried to propose new contents and theories more suitable for the understanding of the Ancient cultural processes. Thus I have analyzed a specific sculptural group (the honorary nude-portraits), which generally isn't particularly appealing as work of art, in order to understand its cultural and social value, turning away from a purely aesthetic assessment
Thirard, Catherine. "Étude des bâtiments non cultuels des monastères paléochrétiens du Proche-Orient : étude des sources et des monuments." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040120.
Full textThe study of the spatial and architectural organization of the paleochristian monasteries (IVth-VIIth century’s a. D. ) Of the Alexandria patriarchate, the Jerusalem patriarchate and the Antioch patriarchate, necessitates comparison of indications given by texts and by archaeology. On the one hand, the analysis of some hagiographic accounts, and of the basilian and pachomian rules, shows the variety of the ways of life, from the anachoretic life to coenobitism, sheltered by the monastic communities of the paleochristian near east. The same monastery could lodge, at one and the same time monks living totally or partly with the community, or ascetics living in cells. On the other hand, the monastic sites which have been the subject of archaeological excavations, can be classified in three main groups: the + monasteries with grouped buildings;, the laures, the architectural components of which are linked by a path, and the + monastic towns ;. The last, of large dimensions shelter monasteries with grouped buildings and laures. Archaeological study shows the architectural elements of the monasteries' components, such as the refectories, the kitchens or even the towers, whereas the texts may help to understand their purpose
Ciavatti, Aurore. "La fin de la Ve dynastie au regard des archives d’Abousir : aspects cultuels et économiques." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL129.
Full textDuring the 20th century, 3 sets of archives were discovered in royal funerary temples at Abousir. These archives, dating from the reign of Djedkare, are a particularly valuable testimony for anyone who wants to analyze the state of power at this time. Also, in order to re-study the reigns of the end of the Vth dynasty, it was necessary to propose in the very first stage a new typological catalog of this important papyrological corpus. We distinguished royal decrees, inventories of religious furniture, service rulings, receipts, distribution accounts and other variae. This review has led to new observations, including a complete reconstitution of the royal decrees found in these archives. A study was then devoted to the reigns of Menkaouhor, Djedkare and Unas: the specificities presented by their respective funeral complexes were examined, as the question of the comput of ruling years, which could correspond to an octaeteric cycle. The examination of the royal genealogy allows us to suppose calm and undisputed successions. The analysis of the archives of Abousir tells us about the functioning of the funerary temples, the religious gesture and the festivities which are realized there, as well as the composition and organization of the personnel. These administrative data reveal a complex economic system put in place to support these royal funerary cults, which highlights a specific politico-religious discourse which determines a new definition of kingship
Heitzmann, Samantha. "Fibules en contexte cultuel : étude d'une catégorie d'offrandes en Gaule du milieu du IIe s. av. J.-C. au IVe siècle de notre ère." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H091.
Full textTo date, there is no full monograph on the distribution of offerings in sanctuaries in roman Gaul, including ornaments. This thesis aims to fill this gap by taking into consideration the fibulas in cult context, white these are very often considered as objects of everyday life and studied as such. The fibulas's offering is examined from their intrasite spatial distribution by phase of attendance, and this on ail the sanctuaries of Gaul of the 2nd century BC to the 4th century AD. This work is done through distribution maps and statistical serialization tools. This analysis is complemented by the typo-chronological study of ail fibulas listed and by the study of furniture associations in the sanctuaries, with particular accentuation on ail objects of ornament, so that to identify specific religious practices and to work on the possible offering of elements that have now disappeared, such as clothing. Among other things, the modes of fibulas's deposit, their symbolism, their possible link with certain deities, or even individual or collective offerings are examined. This work finally allows to study the continuities and ruptures between the cult practices of the end of the Celtic period (LTD) and those after the Cesarean conquest, in order to deepen our knowledge of the process of romanization on the Gallic provinces
Ehrhardt, Christelle. "Bâtir une église, fonder une mémoire, asseoir une autorité : lieux de culte et représentations du passé dans les campagnes des anciens diocèses de Bordeaux, Bazas et Agen au premier Moyen Âge (IVe-XIe siècle)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://scd.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/these/acces_reserve.php.
Full textEarly Middle Ages represents a pivotal moment in which frameworks inherited from Antiquity coexist with the gradual establishment of a new ordo, in close relation with the setting up of an ecclesiastical order. Rural churches rapidly become places of competition between the elites, acting as intermediaries between God and men, media of social recognition and control over local populations. In the Romanized countryside of south-western Gaul, the genesis of these buildings is often related to the past, since they appear to have been founded on the site of Gallo-roman settlements, whose structures and materials they may eventually re-use. The present research proposes to approach this question from the point of view of representations. This allows us to free ourselves from the traditional historiography, oscillating between the study of the processes of Christianization and the pragmatic appeal of antique ruins, by engaging in a dialogue between written and archaeological sources. The aim is to analyse the discourses of filiation to the past over a long period of time, with regards to the stakes involved in the building of the first Christian places of worship, and through the cross-referenced reflection on the actors and location of these foundations. The present study takes into consideration places of worship, but also funerary areas, which constitute the main elitist testimonies that can be identified in the areas of the former city-dioceses of Bordeaux, Bazas and Agen. It is based on a corpus of about a hundred sites, spread along the strategic Garonne-Dordogne axis, on the edge of the Frankish kingdom
Badinjki, Oubayda. "Histoire de la civilisation ancienne du monde arabe. Les figurines masculines en terre cuite en Syrie et au Liban au Néolithique et aux âges du Bronze. Etudes de cas." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H020.
Full textWhy male figurines? Because archaeologists specializing in terracotta have generally targeted zoomorphic figurines and, among anthropomorphic figurines, representations of women. Until now, there is no exhaustive and detailed catalog of terracotta male models. In this vast field of investigation, I have selected two periods : Prehistory, to go back to the origins and think about the creation of terracotta male figurines, and the Bronze Age, the apogee time for this type of production. This thesis deals so with the study of terracotta male figurines (modeled figurines, molded figures and molds). The objective of this study is to make a corpus of terracotta male figurines, because there is no satisfactory body of work, to classify them, to analyze them technically, artistically, and to interpret them, and finally publishing the unpublished figures preserved in the Louvre Museum.The research problems are the following : the figurines were used as toys, as decorative elements in homes, or as amulets? Should they be related to religious customs or rites? How can one interpret the discovery of male figurines in temples? in tombs and houses, whatever thetechnique that has allowed them to spread, the general question is always the same : for what purpose did the craftsman or the user make them? The answers vary according to the chronology, since the subject covers a very long period. According to the places and archaeological contexts and of course depending on the typology, because male figures may have different positions (sitting/standing), different gestures, different types of clothing, attributes (especially weapons). Researchers have proposed a wide variety of choices, sometimes on a hypothetical basis, ethnographic comparisons, and reconciliation with literary, artistic or funerary traditions. Undoubtedly, whatever the role of these figurines, they were considered important objects in everyday life during the Neolithic period, such as pottery, stone tools and other "utilitarian" objects, and important objects, especially in religious and magical activities, during the Bronze Age
Meyer, Éric. "Évolution des paysages ruraux et fonctionnement hydrologique d'un bassin versant en terres de grande culture : cas du Ru de Senneville (Yvelines)." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040144.
Full textThis thesis aims at analysing the effects of the evolution in agricultural activities and growing urbanization in rural areas, on small rivers' hydrological functioning which drain chalky and permeable plateaus. The Senneville brook watershed (67 kmø) situated in the Mantois, is a representative example. The first part, based on a historical approach, presents the last two centuries' rural area changes. The comparison of old and new representations (maps and official documents) and archives show that hydrological riscs due to brooks are recent. The results of hydrometric measures carried out at the exsurgence of a 8 kmø large basin also show the worthening effects that agricultural and urban drainage has on small rural basins by originating spasmodic floods. This qualitative and quantitative approach leads to a geographical approach about risks of muddy flows and the factors that could explain their origins. In this way, it responds to a social demand and thus contributes to find solutions to limit their negative effects
Merckel, Cécile. "Seneca theologus : la religion d'un philosophe romain." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796579.
Full textSweydan, Francois. "Recherches sur le système de représentations symboliques de l’art néolithique aux textes des pyramides- Origines et formation des éléments de la religion solaire de l’Egypte antique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20009.
Full textSince the beginning of the first dynasties, the pictogram in writing was the extension of naturalistic figurative representations, logograms in the decorated funerary protodynastic palettes. This statement carry us to link them with the parietal art of Neolithic Nubia, the egyptian Predynastic, and peripheral cultural areas. We have reconsidered the petroglyphs as polysemic symbols and ideograms, i.e. mythograms as well polysemic logograms-phonograms, allowing us to draw up a structural system of symbolic representations, universal in the Nile valley. Basically funerary, the system is organised around a new reading in connection with the founding of the ‘Eye of Horus’/solar myths, and express itself in primitive Neolithic and Predynastic rites of revivification, rebirth, more explicit afterwards during the first dynasties on labels, votive cylinder-seals, and anointing the deads with the seven holy canonical oils, finally in the Pyramid Texts. Contrary to the common idea which opposite the Nature-Culture notions, there is some question to combine them, to reconcile the non-binary duality and to see, for example, the heliotrope functions and/or heliophore animals of the sub-Saharan bestiary, with Sokar the funerary hawk, the benevolent guarantors for the rebirth and metamorphosis of the sun/deads; otherwise felids, canids, antelopes…, invested by the numinous of the protecting divinities. In consequence of a new reading of the primitive ‘osirian’ myth of metamorphosis, we have reconsidered the conceptions about animal sacrifice on the basis of religious anthropology. Far from bringing under control and submission of nature, and diffusionnism, the intercultural (cross-cultural) of the first archaic mythic thought in the multi-ethnic nubian-egyptian valley and associated neighbouring areas involves, towards the natural world and the numinous spiritual strengths, the cross-cultural of solar conceptions and multicultural, trans-historic sharing of the polycyclic resurrectional believes. Thus, the animal petroglyphs, cynegetic scenes, boats and sandals representations, etc., are of funerary votive, apotropaic nature
Girard, Mélanie. "Les cultes domestiques dans la Grèce antique : catalogue raisonné d’autels domestiques." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16126.
Full textThe Greek religion was approached by numerous authors during the last century. However, the information about the domestic rites is more discreet. Here, we tried to present the archaeological marks of those domestic cults by focussing on one precise element, the altars. In this Thesis, we are presenting a descriptive and analytical catalogue about domestic altars in ancient Greece that lists one hundred and forty domestic altars, whether they were built type or portable type (arulae). The analysis that follows after the catalogue brings out quantitative and qualitative information. As per our analysis, we were able to draw partial conclusions about our listed domestic altars. It’s possible to affirm that there’s a lot more portable than built altars. The arulae was not found in situ in majority, counter to the built altars. A lot of them were found in courtyard or close to the exterior wall of the house. Portable altars are also found in various rooms in the house. Portable altars are, in majority, made in terracotta and built altars are all made with different kinds of stone. Regardless the type of altar, there’s a large majority of rectangular instead of circular one. A small number of altars are precisely dedicated to a god and those attributed to Zeus Herkios sound by their position in the courtyard and not even by their decor or affiliated objects. Both types of altars may have a decor, a simple moulding or a rich decor like the large monumental altars located in sanctuaries. Although, some are without decor and even have one or multiples faces unworked. In the last section we elaborated the case of Zeus Ktesios and Zeus Kataibates, as we have a lot of relevant information about them and so we can dwell on their worships. However, it’s hard to recreate entire domestic rites. In order to do so, we would need the complete catalogues of artefacts found on each site. Then, we could create some assemblages and link those objects and altars together and attempt to interpret and rebuilt those different domestic rites.
Marinov, Ivan. "Les monuments "funéraires" thraces : une crise d'identité." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10800.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the identity of the tumular monuments designated as “Thracian”, discovered in the territory of present day Bulgaria and dated between the 5th and the 3rd centuries B.C. These monuments, built in ashlar masonry or in unprocessed stones, or a mix of different materials and building techniques, were invariably covered by earthen mounds (called tumuli) which have been used to varied ends by local populations from Antiquity until the present day. More or less detailed studies of these tumular monuments began to appear by the end of the 19th century, while the list of newly discovered structures continues to grow almost exponentially. These publications and discoveries revealed that the sample of known Thracian monuments is characterised by what has been described as a great variety of architectural forms. Overwhelmed by this apparent variety, and in an attempt to explain it, certain researchers have tried to categorise what they have perceived as different types of monuments. Many hypotheses bearing on the function of the latter have also been proposed, although they differ only in the details and can be categorised in two main groups: that arguing for a funerary function of the monuments, and that arguing for a cultual one. Through the years, a heated debate has developed between researchers adhering to one or to the other of these hypotheses – discussion which has been fueled by a constant discovery of new monuments. It is thus surprising to note that neither the hypothesis pertaining to the possible origins of these buildings, nor those attempting to explain their functions, have been based on tangible data – a situation which has resulted in the attribution to the monuments of dubious labels such as “tombs-temples-mausoleums-heroons”. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the hypotheses pertaining to the functions and, in more general terms, the identity of the Thracian tumular monuments. Its main objective is to explain the problems that these hypotheses have helped to identify, and which, ironically, they have contributed to sustain. It is noted that, despite the lack of precision in the accumulated empirical data relating to the Thracian monuments, most, if not all, researchers working in the field have tended to sink into an excessive positivism. This approach resulted in the implicit or explicit expression of the belief that that the inclusion of the maximum quantity of empirical data in a given analysis will necessarily result in a more complete understanding of a given archaeological context, which can then be inserted in a previously elaborated historical context, so as to paint a clearer picture of the past. Contrary to this tendency, and because of the lack of precise data, the present research focuses first, and foremost, on the publications bearing on the Thracian monuments and proposes a theoretically informed approach of the study of the latter. As described in Part I, this approach is based on current discussions concerning the methods and techniques of analysis in the fields of archaeology, anthropology and history, which have developed around similar circumstances defined by “incomplete” empirical data. The different hypotheses relating to the identity (or function) of the Thracian monuments have been based on specific archaeological elements (mainly of architectural nature), which are described and analysed in the second part of the thesis. The different interpretations of the Thracian monuments are then examined in the light of these analyses. Finally, in Part III of this thesis, the identities attributed to the Thracian monuments are scrutinised on the basis of these analyses and a restitution of the practices related to these monuments is proposed. The approach to the study of the Thracian tumular monuments that has been adopted in this thesis takes into account not only the methodological aspect of the research published by specialists in the field, but also the data on which the different hypotheses relating to these monuments have been based. Particular attention has been drawn to two aspects present in all publications on the subject: the “technical” and “theoretical” vocabulary implicitly or explicitly employed by the authors and the manner in which it affects their perception of the identity of the Thracian monuments. Part III analyzes and underlines the outcome of the different uses of the implicitly or explicitly defined vocabularies employed by thracologists, leading to a comparison between the already published perceptions of the identity of the Thracian monuments and the reconstitution of their function proposed by the author of this thesis. This comparison, as well as the application of the methodology presented in Part I, show that the restitution of the monuments as having had a funerary function is the most parsimonious and better founded in the material record than the cultual function for which some have argued. However, the function of the monuments, as reconstituted by the author of this thesis, differs from most of the “funerary” explanations of the monuments published to date – these tend to venture far beyond the inductions permitted by the available data. Furthermore, this (or any other) restitution of the monuments’ function as funerary does not automatically exclude the possibility of them having been used as cultual places/buildings. Despite the apparent similarity between such an argument with those that have been emitted towards the identification of the Thracian monuments as “temple-tombs”, the author expresses the opinion that the use of such labels is dubious and allows for unfounded critique and ineffectual comparisons between the classical Greek idea of the “temple” and Thracian cultual places. The result of the analysis of the different elements pertaining to the reconstitution of the Thracian monuments’ identity have led to the following conclusions: 1) none of the already published hypotheses arguing for a funerary or for a cultual explanation of the monuments can be validated because of the excessive recourse by their authors to extrapolations lacking proper argumentation; 2) the lack of precise data or, more importantly, of precisely excavated and reconstituted archaeological contexts, prohibits the elaboration of complex hypotheses such as those proposed by specialists in the field; 3) nevertheless, the current state of knowledge regarding the material culture related to the Thracian monuments, and the rigorous application of a methodical analysis of the data show that a reconciliation between the “funerary” and the “cultual” identities of the monuments is possible – however, this fact should not be perceived as a justification of the use of labels similar to “temple-tombs”, nor of the conclusions upon which such labels are based; 4) there is an urgent necessity for a re-definition of the methodological approaches used (or the lack thereof) in the theoretical analyses of the Thracian monuments, as well as those employed on the field, during excavations. A failure to take account of these facts and shortcomings by proceeding with such a re-definition would mean that the identity of the Thracian tumular monuments would remain a matter of opinion and could even be transformed into a matter of dogma. The analyses in this thesis can serve as a base for the re-evaluation of the identity of the Thracian monuments because of their theoretical and methodological soundness. However, such a re-evaluation must also be based on a reconstitution of Thracian ritual practices based on the archaeological record. Paradoxically, despite the impressive amount of publication on the subject of the Thracian tumular monuments as places of cultual practices, a systematic reconstitution of Thracian ritual based on Thracian material culture is yet to be proposed.
Bisaillon, Patrick. "The cult of Apollo in the Milesian colonies along the coast of the Black Sea : an inventory of archaeological data." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19359.
Full textGreek colonisation in the Archaic period had as its goal the expansion and the exportation of a city state’s social and religious customs into different regions. Although the subject of Greek colonisation is often vague, and based on erroneous, and generous primary sources, which can confound links between the colonies and their apparent mother city, a connection can nevertheless be established between the colonies in the Black Sea and the mother city of Miletus through the religious institutions that were installed upon colonisation. The cult of the god Apollo was prevalent throughout the ancient Greek world during the Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods. For the Archaic period colonizing Greek city state of Miletus, Apollo was patron deity, the god of colonisation, as well as the god of seafaring. For the Milesians, Apollo was the deity who sanctioned the right to set up new cults in new locations, as well as authorising the very act of establishing colonies. In the colonies founded by Miletus located along the coast of the Black Sea, there is a clear disposition towards the cult of Apollo in the literary tradition, as well as in the archaeological record. This thesis proposes, by means of a well-defined catalogue uniting all pertinent archaeological and literary information relating to the cult of Apollo in 16 colonies located around the Black Sea said to have been colonies of Miletus, that the reason for such a strong representation of the cult of Apollo in these colonies is a result of the Milesians installing the cult of their patron deity Apollo with the wish that the colonies’ religious institutions mirror that of the metropolis. The inventory demonstrates that Apollo was the patron deity of the majority of Miletus’s colonies in the Black Sea. This thesis will also propose that a proper study of religious trends found in city states and their supposed colonies can act as a methodology for identifying which colonies belonged to which mother city, as I propose that the patron deity in a city state will be the patron deity in their colony.