Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Archéologues – Anthropologie'
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Torterat, Gwendoline. "Conjugaisons singulières du passé : pour une anthropologie filmique du travail sur un chantier de fouille archéologique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100086/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the inner workings of a group of researchers collaborating on an archeological excavation in Ormesson (Seine-et-Marne, France), on a paleolithic site strewn with thousands of flint pieces and bone fragments. Every year, around twenty people from various backgrounds share the day-to-day experience of working on the exploration of the site, as they live together for more than a month. I argue that the roles distributed by the site manager who organizes the operation are only the porous boundaries of each digger’s real, variable, fragile engagement. By developing a methodological protocol that involves participant observation and the filming of entire days of work, I dissect this closed scientific world through the way in which Isabelle (a researcher specializing in bone treatment) and Mélodie (a novice with a passion for history) transmit and appropriate the material past they excavate. My aim is therefore not so much to analyze the operation of a temporary group, but rather to characterize the foundations of the singularity of individuals at work, as well as the subtle differences in scientific expertise in archeology, though analysis of various phenomena: the modalities of perceiving fragile material traces, the group values at play, the affects that everyone learns to gauge, the most deliberated representations of the past. Excavation work implies continually shifting back and forth between a past under exploration and work experiences in the present, a practical and singular process that Isabelle and Mélodie allow me to follow through them
Ercker, Alain. "Archéologie de l’Europe conquérante : contribution à une anthropologie de l'Occident." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR20069.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to contribute to an anthropology of the west, that is to say to consider the western civilization fron the angle of an ethno-history. It consists in an attempt at analysis, almost in the sense of a psychoanalysis. It's objective is to determine the deep seated motives of the departure west and the reasons for the failure of the encounter with the americain indian. The present research work considers the colonial process, as well as the central question of the "egocide" - the destruction of otherness - first and foremost as a western phenomenon. Colonization is also the story of a preblem of recognition and raises the issue of identity. The true discovery of america is the discovery of the inner nature of the west. It is particulary obvious in its way of looking at the primitive man. It is the discovery that the "conquering europe" like every culture cannot survive without otherness. The mechanism of "civilization of attitudes" inside europe, and the colonization process outside, match each other. They both function on the principle of projection and repression, as described by psychoanalysis. They impose division and alienation at every level of society, starting with the first element of society : the body. Finally, the objective of these two mechanisms is precisely to increase differences and not to draw the other to the self
Colmont, Gérard. "Archéologie et anthropologie des populations mégalithiques du nord de l'Aquitaine : l'exemple charentais." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0001.
Full textThe survey of megaliths of'charente-maritime' counts l60 monuments including 46 passage-graves and chests,and 44 long-barrows. We have been able to show that 45% of the megaliths have disappeared in'charente-maritime' during the last two centuries. The excentric passagegraves with quadrangular chamber appear in'charente-maritime' in the fourth millenary bc. The use of chests for burials continues throughout this period. The presence of 'coupes a socle' and 'vases a cupule interne'remains gives proof that the passage-graves have been in use during the middle neolithic. The megalithic burials are always in use during the late neolithic and chalcolithic periods;in these periods, burials are either collectives or individuals. An inventive geological study (systematical microfacies analysis on limestone) shows the existence of short range areas (less than two kilometers)of supplying sources of limestone slabs by the local neolithic cultures. An anthropological study of bone's found in 6 burial chambers (passage-graves with quadrangular chambers and chests) provides some findings in paleodemography,paleosociology and paleopathology. Our findings were compared to results of other investigations in south-west and center of france. We thus argued about the usual mortuary practices during the fourth millenary bc (primary practices) and the third millenary bc (secondary practices)
Mak, Joël. "Vercingetorix au XXe siècle : histoire, archéologie et anthropologie d'une figure symbolique du passé national, en quête d'une identité propre." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/mak_ditmack_j.
Full textRobin, Nadège. "Etude odontologique des restes humains brûlés provenant de séries archéologiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20716.
Full textThe burned human remains study provides great information about cremation practice. Based on an archaeological context, our research was focused on one single skeletal element: Tooth. Only few studies in forensic odontology have considered this aspect. This original work was established from a large burned sample of secondary burials located in the Pauvadou Roman necropolis (Fréjus – South of France). It first seeks to demonstrate the heat-induced transformation of teeth, then to compare the representative level of each tooth according to the biological sex and the age-at-death of each individual. We also aimed to compare the relationship between the identified teeth and their pathologies, to show protection effects and finally to revise temperature change. To highlight our results, we compared our search to 3 sets of archaeological material coming from primary burials of Sainte-Barbe Roman necropolis (Marseille – South of France), from La Rouguière secondary burials site (Riez – South of France) and from Gallic necropolis of Saint-Antoine road (Feurs –North of France). The first 2 ones have the same Pauvadou archaeological context. To our knowledge, this original study is the first to provide new data on burned human remains with both a forensic and archaeological aspects
Bonnerave, Jocelyn. "Donner à voir et faire entendre : jazz et "musique improvisée" : pour une anthropologie de la performance musicale." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0333.
Full textThe present ethnography focuses on a number of acknowledged musicians in Europe and the US in the domains of jazz and one of its scions known as "improvised music" (Claude Barthélémy, Fred Frith, Joëlle Léandre, Bernard Lubat, Médéric Collignon, Akosh Szelevényi, Michel Portal. . . ). Halfway between informal connections (affinity networks, training by permeation) and institutionalization (Orchestre National de Jazz, Mills College, educational facilities, festivals), these musicians practice a trade conidered here under two of its main facets. First, within the frame of, or in the prospect of a very specific show -let's say a "musical drama" rather than a simple concert-, the ability to muster a variety of interactinal skills in the course of actions conducted by a director or totally non-conducted, unmapped rehearsals or get-togethers, strictly following written plans or improvising. . . Second, the ability to teach others, mostly younger people, with a view to transmitting the mastery of those skills. The present inquity is sharply focused; still it questions vast notions pertaining to social sciences or aesthetics, such as fieldwork, genre, orality, transmission, ritual or performance
Shim, Jaiwon. "Michel Foucault : liberté, pouvoir et leur histoire : introduction thématique à son anthropologie nominaliste." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100086.
Full textThis thesis consists of four parts: I. Archaeology and genealogy, II. Micropower and government, III. Liberty and care of self, IV. Birth of nominalist anthropology. In part I, archaeology evolves toward a critical-rational method, while genealogy applies to the polemical position against the theoretical-speculative visions of the world. Part II deals with the micropower Foucault reveals with “discipline” as total individualising socio-control. Then the micropower reveals itself as physical-moral relations of power which enable this “discipline” to exist. Nevertheless, it integrates the nominalist conception of power as strategic relation between social agents. And it is in this context that we find the forerunner of the conception of “government”. As power consists in “government” (a conducting relation between free individuals), it is no longer opposed to individual liberty as practice of the self-subjectifying will. This conception of liberty treated in part III is drawn from the histories of the “care of self”. Foucault problematizes this care of self with the “techniques of self” which accompany it as practical matrix. In fact, he repositions them in the context of the care of self with “the greatness of mind”. Concerning nominalism (which is treated in part IV), Foucault asserts that history takes an interest in the factual truths of specific events. Thus nominalism joins Foucault's anthropology as his found-again ultimate horizon. This renewed tendency means there is a nominalist return to anthropology
Quirot, Benoît. "Vers une archéologie du voyage : destins de Gravida : de l'ethnographe et du psychanalyste." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0096.
Full textMeunier, Yannick. "Commerce et anthropologie, une relation symbiotique sue l'île Saint Laurent, Alaska." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030130.
Full textIn Saint Lawrence Island, Alaska, the excavations of old houses are notorious in the Siberian Yupik territory. Old ivories and artefacts are dug up, recycled or sold to tourists or professional artefacts dealers. This situation is, as archaeologists say, cited as native subsistence diggers. However, opinion is close to terminology inherited from the Alaska Native claims Settlement Act (1971) and the Archaeological Resources Protection Act (1979), two public laws in favour of the proceeds from artefacts sales and digs in the Alaskan communities. And yet the study of archaeological collections of the Anchorage historical fine art museum and auctions (Sotheby's, Christie's) show another operspective. The native phenomenon reacts and adapts to the tribal art market. .
Patin, Christelle. "Les restes humains dans les musées : anthropologie et histoire des collections françaises (XIXe-XXIe siècle)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0608.
Full textSince 1990, human remains of anthropological collections in museums give rise to arguments. That thesis compare current historiographic interpretations to a precise reconstitution of the scientific and social life of French collections, till gathering of corpse, transportation, transformation, public display to current return. Anatomic body of Saartjie Baartman, the "Hottentot Venus", and the skull of the kanak leader Ataï, constitute both biographies of that research
Rigeade, Catherine. "Les sépultures de catastrophe : approche anthropologique des sites d'inhumations en relation avec des épidémies de peste, des massacres de population et des charniers militaires." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20708.
Full textThe global exploration of the funerary organisation of collective’ death is the main topic of this work. The study of catastrophic burials characteristics improve our knowledge concerning past population habits facing mass disasters as epidemic (plague, typhus…), war, massacre of population or natural disaster. During our work, we could compare field data of 49 sites of catastrophic burials whatever the nature of crisis, the spatial and chronological context. In that way, we were able to evidence fundamental notions to the understanding of such burials
Ardagna, Yann. "La conservation des archives biologiques et des documents associés en anthropologie biologique : applications à des collections anthropologiques françaises et hongroises." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX20680.
Full textA new approach of “biological archives” can be illustrated by the “thoughtful” conservation of anthropological collections. The aim of our investigation is to improve the field of curation and scientific exploitation of “human remains library”. In that way, we are developing specific tools which are dedicated to an amelioration of both definition and curation of anthropological series. The epistemological perspective of anthropological series is take into account and we are developing a new classification adapted to their scientific management. We are also proposing a curation system constituted by tree databases dedicated to the storage of data concerning collections, individuals and their associated paleopathological features based on Marseilles and Szeged Department of Anthropology of. A comparison with 40 different places of storage could have been realised. Furthermore, a bibliographical study allowed the identification of the main patterns of long term curation
Durand, Raphaël. "La mort chez les Bituriges Cubes : approches archéologiques et données anthropologiques d'une cité de Gaule romaine." Paris 1, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00337828.
Full textReigniez, Pascal. "L'outil agricole en France du Xe au XVIIe siècle à partir des sources archéologiques, iconographiques et ethnographiques." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0001.
Full textThe aim oft this thesis is the study of an important number of agricultural tools in france from archaeological. Iconographics and ethnographics sources, between the xth and the xviith century. It is the first research concerning the agricultural tools in france from the archaeology and the analysis be inclined on a descriptive catalogue whitch be prepared and presented with vouchers. This study exist also in an ethnographical prospect with regard to the works of andre leroi-gourhan, and propose some reflexions about method on study of tools
Colard, Thomas. "Etude du développement dentaire, par l’analyse des marqueurs histologiques de croissance, de deux populations archéologiques : Lisieux-Michelet et Vers-sur-Selle." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0030.
Full textCrevecoeur, Isabelle. "Etude anthropologique des restes humains de Nazlet Khater (Paléolithique supérieur, Egypte)." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13284.
Full textAcosta, Nieva Rosario. "L' ensemble funéraire du site de Caseta, Jalisco, Mexique : une approche archéo-anthropologique." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010599.
Full textMaines, Emma. "Diversité biologique et archéologie de la mort : une approche populationnelle et culturelle du Néolithique soudanais (Haute-Nubie)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H078.
Full textThe human remains and excavation archives from 5 cemeteries from the Kadruka concession represented a unique opportunity for the study of the evolution of Neolithic populations and funerary practices in Neolithic Upper Nubia. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to reconstruct the biology of these populations (their health and lifeways) as well as to examine the specific practices at work in the different sequences of the funerary cycle within a chronological framework. Through the study of the 643 individuals (for the biological analysis) and 734 structures (for the archaeological analysis) from KDK 1, KDK 2, KDK 18, KDK 21 and KDK 23 and their comparison, it was possible to discuss the homogeneity of these populations from a biological and cultural standpoint. While the analysis of non-metric anatomical variation (specifically the discrete dental traits) points toward an overall continuity and uniformity throughout the Neolithic, though arguments may also be advanced based on this data for thinking flexibly about population admixture and processes of acculturation following migration patterns that may be multiple and discontinuous. Mortality profiles, non-specific stress markers, and other palaeopathological and occupational indicators, provide evidence of significant variability with biological, as well as cultural implications. Elements related to the processes of change at work within these societies, at a critical chronological and cultural juncture in the Prehistory of Upper Nubia, are perceptible through the study of these funerary groups. For example the exclusion of younger infants within burial areas otherwise including the remains of older individuals, the percentage of carious teeth incidence within populations and the use of teeth as tools, all speak to shifts in economy, subsistence and the structuring of society. While our analysis of funerary practice appears globally homogenous, our data also points to significant variability within an otherwise established and stable funerary sequence (important shifts in grave goods, variable occupation and structuring of the cemetery space, etc.). Finally, this work takes a critical look at the place the Kadruka concession now occupies within the greater understanding of the funerary experience in Prehistoric Sudan, as well as along the Nile river valley and across the Sahara. In examining data from a synchronic and diachronic perspective, across a wide variety of regions and contexts, we achieved our goal of identifying cultural undercurrents, evolutions and particularities for the Kadruka ensemble, as well as for the Sudanese Neolithic more broadly
Nicolas, Richard. "Les chiens, les hommes et les étrangers furieux : archéologie des identités indiennes dans le Chaco boréal." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0321.
Full textThe historiographic trace of the indigenous towns of the Chaco's area is organized in logical but discontinuous strata of etnonymes. These srata translate the state, in a particular moment, from field of relationships and interethnic mediations. Through analysis of different strata and hiatus that separate them, I try to explain the organization an the evolution of indian mediations in the boreal Chaco. This demostration is supported in the Ishir (Chamacoco) case. The analysis, based on ethnographic files and archives, proves that this group cannot be studied independently of the mediation structures that register it in an interethnic sociological continuum : the analysis of the consecutive etnonymic strata makes it possible to understand how those mediations have been organized in the time
Clisson, Isabelle. "La paléogénétique appliquée à l'anthropologie : étude des relations de parenté entre individus au sein de sites archéologiques." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30168.
Full textSeveral disciplines are necessary to study necropolis. Since twenty years, paleogenetic can be added to better understand funeral recruitment and evolution of ancient human populations. In this study, we analysed human remains with different nature (bone, muscles and brains) from three archaeological sites: 1-Adai͏̈ma necropolis (Egypt, 5000 BP), 2-Frozen kurgan of Berel (Kazakhstan, 2300 BP), 3-main vault in the Saints Côme et Damien cemetery (France, 800 BP). The goal of this work was to research kinship between individuals from these necropolises with the help of several genetic markers (mtDNA, STR). More, we made a synthesis on the possibilities and the limits today of paleogenetic
Nikolaeva, Dariya. "Origine et évolution de la culture Sakha au sein de l'Etat Russe (du XVIIème siècle -au XXème siècle)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV118/document.
Full textFor many decades researchers have been interested in the origins of the Sakha culture because of its economic and linguistic distinctive features. The Yakutia history has been examined through historical data and studies conducted by various scientific schools. With the colonization of Yakutia in the 17th century, comes a cultural evolution due in particular to the rise of the influence of Russian culture and Orthodoxy. The historical study of the colonized Yakute society within the Russian State, via the data unedited, enables us to understand the factors of its evolution over the centuries along with its societal mutations. Our study is also based on ethnoarcheological data resulting from the work the French archeological mission in Eastern Siberia and Mongolia. Through ethnoarcheology, I study the population and the history of these people. Thanks to permafrost, the excavated graves are exceptionally well preserved, which gives us the opportunity to conduct in-depth studies on funerary and cultural practices through the rich movable property found with these graves. In our research, we use this transversal approach of the Sakha culture in order to better understand its evolution, discontinuities as well as its ethnic and cultural transformations. The main objective of this research is to highlight the cultural transformation of the Sakha society from the 17th century to the 20th century while observing the previous centuries
Villena, i. Mota Núria. "Hiérarchie et fiabilité des liaisons ostéologiques (par symétrie et par contigui͏̈té articulaire) dans l'étude des sépultures anciennes." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10649.
Full textZanotti, Andrea. "Modélisation de type multi-agents en archéologie : l'expansion des premiers agriculteurs Balkaniques : adaptation du modèle OBRESOC : manipulation et exploration des données simulées." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE3057/document.
Full textA topic of great importance in archaeological research throughout the last decades concerns the expansion of the first farmers from Anatolia through the Balkans. The standard archaeological approaches allowed the understanding of the path and timing of this expansion; however, they lack explanation of what is unobservable in the archaeological record: in particular, the socio-economic structure of a prehistoric farming society. Throughout this thesis, an agent-based model was built in order to explore those elements which are hidden in archaeology. This model, called BEAN (Bridging European and Anatolian Neolithic), is an adaptation of the OBRESOC model (Un OBservatoire REtrospectif d'une SOCiété archéologique). OBRESOC was created to simulate the expansion of the LBK farmers in central Europe, and was adapted to the Balkan archaeological context. The expansion of the first Neolithic farmers in the Balkans was simulated by combining the archaeological records to ethnohistoric and paleodemographic inferences. A realistic environment has been modelled where the areas of optimum farming are determined by meteorology and soil fertility estimates. An agent corresponds to a household; agents interact on this landscape, following socioeconomic partial intermediate models. For instance: households composed of a nuclear family; intensive farming system on small plot completed by hunting-gathering; expansion determined by scalar stress at the hamlet scale; family clan solidarity; shortages and famines caused by meteorological events). Thus, the model simulates the functioning of the Neolithic farming society and its geographic expansion. Several simulations have been executed, testing different combinations of the key parameters, identified through a sensitivity analysis. The goodness of fit of simulated data to the archaeological data is measured mostly on geographic criteria : the best simulation is the one that produces the expansion pattern that better fits to the archaeological data. Specific procedures have been developed in order to process the large amount of data produced by the model. The observation of this data permitted to explore some aspects that are invisible in archaeological record : for example, the model helped to investigate some archaeological beliefs, based on assumptions that could not be verified. The model also permitted the exploration of other topics, such as the comparison between the pioneer front of colonization and the zones of previous occupation, as well as the effect of meteorology on the expansion of the farming system. The model produced an expansion pattern that corresponds geographically and chronologically to the expansion suggested by the archaeological evidence. The exploration of socio-economic outputs permitted the formulation of new hypothesis that could not be made using purely archaeological record. Even when there's a large gap between what is found in archaeology and what is produced by the model, this agent-based modelling approach helps to raise new questions, adding new ideas and perspective to the actual state of research
Codron, Céline. "Étude des pratiques mortuaires de la civilisation toltèque, région du haut Plateau central mexicain, État d’Hidalgo, Mexique, 750 – 1200 apr. J.-C." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040229.
Full textRevealed by the mythical epic of its legendary sovereign Quetzalcóatl, the Toltec civilization was recognized during the XIXe century, amid the explorations made by Désiré Charnay, a french traveller and archaeologist. Thereafter, archaeological research lead to the identification of the main site of Tula. The physical data collected were cross-checked with the texts in order to identify cultural features specific to this civilization. Despite these discoveries and numerous exhumed mortuaries, dead Toltec remained in the shadows, hidden in archives. Thus, this thesis aims to analyze mortuaries of the Toltec civilization and to highlight, through a precise and multidisciplinary approach, the continuities and cultural specificities of death in three sites : Tula, Tizayuca and El Refugio. Quantitative and qualitative data from these three examples allowed us to produce a meticulous and systematic analysis of data from A.D. 750 to A.D. 1200. After laying emphasis on a archaeo-anthropological analysis, the study then focused on the definition of the Toltec ideological funeral system through texts and pictures. The acknowledgement of death’s paradigmatic dimension within this Mesoamerican civilization enabled the breakaway of consensual interpretations centred on funeral antinomy – sacrificial, to achieve the rehabilitation of a hidden purpose of death. As a whole, this thesis offers a new reading of the Toltec civilization’s mortuary practices, from an archaeological, ethnohistorical and anthropological insight
Sachau-Carcel, Géraldine. "Apport de la modélisation tridimensionnelle à la compréhension du fonctionnement des sépultures multiples : l'exemple du secteur central de la catacombe des Saints Pierre-et-Marcellin (Rome, Italie) (Ier-milieu IIIe s. ap. J.-C.)." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874513.
Full textLeroy, Alice. "Le Corps utopique au cinéma. Transparence, Réversibilité, Hybridité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0021.
Full textThe utopian body in film, under discussion in this thesis, does not refer to an object of thought borrowed from Michel Foucault and applied to some dematerialised or extraordinary bodies on the screen, but to a heuristic tool for considering the historical and aesthetic modalities through which the cinematic body put a critical focus on both the fictional powers of cinema techniques and the presumed objectivity of scientific imagery. Such bodily utopia is manifest in Étienne-Jules Marey’s chronophotographic prints, which foil the invisibility of movement through their superimposed strata, and in magic lanterns and fantascopes, which invest the living with spectral presence. It is also apparent in the cinematic horizons opened by the theory of relativity and implemented by the cinema – the manner, for example, of filming the athlete’s body in order to capture the intimate temporalities of effort and ecstasy. Finally it is present in the zoomorphism of contemporary cinema, occupying and frustrating the anthropocentrism of images. Each of these utopias – transparency, reversibility, hybridity – simultaneously deploy the virtuality of bodies and of images, redistributing the logics of their analogy: in the spectral images of the sciences and the phantasmagoria, the body is at once visible and invisible; in the experimental variation of the speed of image and montage, the body escapes temporal flux; in the attempt to circumvent the anthropocentric gaze of the cinema, the body absolves its own frontiers in order to metamorphose into a hybrid entity. This reflection is therefore situated at the interface of an anthropology of images of the body, an aesthetics of the cinema and an archaeology of its techniques
Bonnabel, Lola. "Approche Anthropologique de la société Aisne-Marne à partir de ses pratiques mortuaires dans le cadre de l'archéologie préventive : (Champagne-Ardenne, VIe-IIIe siècle avant notre ère)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010722.
Full textThis thesis is based on a corpus of 600 deceased, buried in a grave or placed into grains silos, foun during preventive excavations in Champagne-Ardenne between 1997 and 2008. The archaeological culture mainly concerned in the Aisne-Marne that developed between these two rivers during the Late Iron Age. This thesis is divided into four parts. The first part puts the corpus back in its historical, archaeological and geographical context. This is an opportunity to highlight a smaller, concentrated geographical entity, interpreted as a territory within the geographical area where Aisne-Marne material cultural expands. The second part fosuses on the places where the deceases are buried : necropoles, small groups of tombs or grain storage areas. It shows time and regional variations. The third part is dedicated to identifying the treatment of corpses. The fourth part is an anthropological interpretation of the results from the previous parts. It tries to explain the quantitative variations of the buried depending on the period, to decipher ways of managing funerary spaces and to consider the treatment of dead bodies as a testimony of concepts of death. The crossing of biological data and the kinds of artefacts placed in the graves is an opportunity to consider social function and status. A proposal for defining the characteristics of genres is issued. Finally, a first hypothesis of a political ruling of the Aisne-Marne society by a government is formulated
Hue, Marina Rachel Corinne. "Contribution à l'étude anthropologique des populations de Catalogne : l'exemple du cimetière médiéval et moderne du prieuré Sainte-Marie de Panissars (Le Perthus, Pyrénées-Orientales)." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0558.
Full textThe Sainte Marie de Panissars Priory, on the Panissars Pass, was built on the Roman ruins of the Pompeius Trophy near the village of Perthus (Pyrénées-Orientales). The Domitian Way, then the Augustan Way, went through the middle of the site until the Priory was built. The Benedictan friars occupied this cross-border site from the 11th to the 17th centuries. The archeological excavations carried out by Georges Castellvi (on the French side) and J. M Ripoll and I. Roda (on the Spanish side) led to the discovery of the ruins of the priory and of the necropolis in and around the site. The aim of the present research, which concerns this anthropological collection, is to see whether or not the people buried there are locals. For a very long time the priory has been a stopping place along the Santiago de Compostela route, and so certain graves are those of pilgrims, who were buried with shells. Since the Sainte Marie cemetery is not a parish graveyard, it is interesting to use anthropological techniques to find out why certain people were buried on this spot. The Sainte Marie de Panissars cemetery and the Vilarnau cemetery are the only two necropolises that are currently being investigated in the département. The information resulting from this research will be a useful contribution to understanding the history of the Roussillon region
Durand, Raphaël. "La mort chez les Bituriges Cubes. Approches archéologiques et données biologiques d'une cité de Gaule romaine." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00337828.
Full textPour cela, nous avons établi un corpus répertoriant plus de 400 sites. Intégré à un SIG, il nous a permis d'observer la répartition des gisements funéraires sur le territoire. Les deux points les plus remarquables sont la différence d'implantation entre les sites funéraires et ceux d'habitats et le hiatus existant entre les nécropoles du Haut-Empire et celles de l'Antiquité tardive.
Après avoir sélectionné cinq sites, nous avons entrepris une analyse de plus de 1200 sépultures en associant données archéologiques et anthropologiques pour apporter de nouveaux éléments de réflexions à la compréhension des pratiques funéraires gallo-romaines. Dans le cas des sépultures à incinération, nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressé aux gestes de collecte et de stockage des restes du défunt. Pour les inhumations, nous avons surtout porté notre attention sur les apports des données biologiques à la définition des regroupements familiaux ou sociaux.
L'ensemble de ces données souligne l'existence de faciès locaux au sein de la cité et met en évidence l'importance du contexte archéologique dans lequel s'inscrit la nécropole pour la caractérisation des gestes funéraires.
Cervel, Mathilde. "Pratiques funéraires de la transition entre l’âge du Bronze moyen et l’âge du Bronze final dans le sud-est du Bassin parisien : une approche archéo-anthropologique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP043.
Full textThe south-east of the Paris Basin is, for the transition period between the Middle Bronze Age and the Final Bronze Age, in contact with two major cultural currents: the North-Alps and the Manche/North Sea cultures. The burial sites found along the Seine and Yonne rivers have revealed various funeral practices, including long and short burials. Previous studies have highlighted a major influence of North-Alpine culture on this geographical area. They also proposed the external provenance of certain individuals. Following these works, this study included all the data from fourteen sites with burials for which archaeological and osteological data were available. The purpose of this review was to establish whether population groups could indeed be determined from an archaeological point of view and then validated from a biological point of view by metric and morphological observations using discrete traits. Observation for each of the study scales did not reveal a distinct population group. However, it has made it possible to propose specific configurations for each of the burial groups. In addition, the presence of short graves where some skeletons are manipulated could reveal the existence of other circuits for the treatment of bodies, outside the context of necropolises. Their comparison with the major development in the practice of incineration and the number of individuals on these sites could indicate a gradual and facilitated access to the funeral space
Bouakaze-Khan, Didier. "L'art rupestre de la corne de l'Afrique : étude globale dans son contexte archéologique et anthropologique : modèle d'interprétation." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010558.
Full textSoulier, Danielle. "Nouvelle contribution à la recherche d'éventuels marqueurs du type burgonde : à propos de l'évolution morpho-anthropologique d'une population historique de Franche-Comté du VIe au XVIIIe siècle." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T206.
Full textLe, Goff Isabelle. "De l'os incinéré aux gestes funéraires : essai de palethnologie à partir des vestiges de la crémation." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010598.
Full textDuring the last years the interest is grown for excavating and studying the human cremated bones. However the palethnological access to remains of cremation is left to be for all that a new field of research. According to the recent developments of our knowledge,it is still difficult to translate in conclusion the residues of cremation. This experiment sets as its goal to contribute first of all to make investigations about funeral methods on the basis of an ethnographical documentation. These funeral procedures should be suitable to leave material traces perceptible by archaeological means. Among the certain procedures which are coming to the fore, six are treated: - the differed cremation of the body is proved itself by the bone fissuration, - the cremation going through some examples of bustums, - the dynamics of bone collection on the funeral pyre by osteo-archaeological analysis of the urn contents, - the feared quantitative and qualitative selection of human remains is pointed out respectively by the weight of the bones and the presence of anatomical parts of skeleton, - the treatment of the combustion residues to be found in the graves strutures. To reinstate the former methods is only a first stage of development, in order to understand the funeral conduct of ancient populations. Therefore it should be known in what way can be the expression of cultural pecularity of a group or the special treatment of individuals within a population. The necropolis installed along the river aisne at the end of the bronze age and up to the beginning of the Hallstatt age are showing a first field of observation. A second is restricting to a sole necropolis named La Calotterie (Pas-de-Calais)
Nikis, Nicolas. "Archéologie des métallurgies anciennes du cuivre dans le bassin du Niari, République du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/276494.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Réveillas, Hélène. "Les hopitaux et leurs morts dans le Nord-Est de la France du Moyen âge à l'époque moderne : approche archéo-anthropologique des établissements hospitaliers." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30082.
Full textThe story of medieval and modern hospitals remained for a long time the privilege of the historians and the art historians. Their works have delivered numerous informations, both on their charitable vocation and on their financial organization, also helping to understand the details of the everyday life. The recent discovery of several Hospital cemeteries led to us to start by contemplating this study in a transdisciplinary way and by including an archeo-anthropological reflection, to answer questions, which until then remained unsolved. These specific funeral contexts have, up to now never been studied. Our main objectives were to try to characterize at best the subjects welcomed in hospitals, by analyzing both the funeral practice and biology. Our research focused on four medieval and modern sites of the northeast of France. Our study showed that certain characteristics were similar from one cemetery to another, particularly the funeral practice and recruitment. The first ones indeed remain rather simple, without particular structure like sarcophagus or vault. The buried appear to be similar from a site to another, with a weak number of children and a sanitary state which does not differ from what was discovered in other contexts. The presence of multiple graves on three of these sites (Troyes, Verdun and Epinal) permitted us to acknowledge evidence of a few major crisis, and thus understand the difference in the management of such an event by a medieval hospital or by a modern one
Cardon, Thibault. "Les usages des monnaies, mi XIIe - début XVIe : pour une approche archéologique, anthropologique et historique des monnaies médiévales." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHESA001.
Full textHere, coins are not considered as a neutral ground for economy, but as objects whose materiality is a keystone for their uses. Therefore, archaeological research is a valuable source allowing the observation of the reality of the uses of coins under precise circumstances, through a well-adapted methodology. Why is this very coin used in a given situation and what does this choice mean? A deep study of well-documented cases allows us to mention various uses, such as paying wages, managing coins on a domestic level, accumulating coin stashes or leaving offering-coins in sepulchers. This work aims at creating interpretation keys in archaeological numismatics as well as defining their limits. It also offers hypotheses for an anthropological analysis of long term monetary uses. In this respect, theories issued by economic anthropology present very efficient ways of investigating. As such, the last part of this work will show a more theorical analysis that will allow us to figure out why different kinds of coins always differ from each other. Coins, are thus organized as systems of values that are far from strictly economic or dogmatic but are instead systems that people uuse to give meaning to situations. The various uses of coins can then be put into five main categories corresponding to different ways of considering social interactions. Numismatic, as a field of study, may belong in itself to this scheme
Bendezu-Sarmiento, Julio. "Archéologie de la mort, nécropoles, gestes funéraires et anthroplogie biologique des populations Andronovo et Saka de l'âge du bronze à l'âge du fer au Kazakhstan : IIe et Ier millénaire av. J.-C." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010581.
Full textLy, Yvonne Thuy-Vy. "À la convergence des savoirs : la transmission des connaissances entre des Atikamekw et des archéologues." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4083.
Full textThis thesis concerns the relation between archaeologists and the Atikamekw from the Wemotaci community, located in the Haute Mauricie region. This relation will be studied from the perspective of knowledge transmission. Archaeologists and Native Americans each possess a distinct knowledge and it is the dynamic nature of the encounter between these two knowledge systems that will be discussed here. Different viewpoints on many themes, such as the way the past, territory or the objet are perceived do not, however, impede a mutual recognition between the archaeologists and the Atikamekw. Indeed, each group gains and incorporates the knowledge of the other according to their preoccupations and needs. This transmission of knowledge is not limited to that between archaeologist and Atikamekw; it also occurs between the different Atikamekw generations. Within the history of colonization, education and settlement in sedentary communities, Atikamekw knowledge is changing. Thus, archaeology can become a way to promote Indigenous knowledge by favouring an intergenerational encounter on an archaeological field project. Finally, within a context where First Nations want to become more involved in their cultural heritage, archaeology can also be a means of cultural reappropration.
Simard, Frédéric. "Les quais de l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent, 1870-1930 : une étude en archéologie historique." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4073.
Full textIn the St. Lawrence estuary, there are many ancient wharves whose mutual resemblance of their remains suggests they are contemporaneous. The remains of the “government wharves” relate an important conjecture (1870-1930) formed by the integration of the coastal localities in an interregional economic network. The wharf, formerly an interface between the rural land and the estuarial cabotage, presents an opportunity for the archaeologist to recognize the architectural character of the conception and the realization of the wharves. The examination of their frame construction allows us to distinguish the architectural character of the government wharves among the techniques already employed in the estuary in the 19th century.
Rousse, Chantal. "L'occupation des monticules architecturaux au site Las Mercedes du Costa Rica : une étude de la variabilité stylistique de la céramique." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6852.
Full textThe archaeological site of Las Mercedes is located on the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica. This monumental site is regarded as the center of a hierarchical society with a complex sociopolitical organization. Las Mercedes represented an administrative and ceremonial center between 1000 and 1500 CE. This thesis documents the ceramic assemblages excavated from stratified archaeological contexts at two architectural mounds. The project aims at understanding and sequencing the cultural affiliations reported at the site from a diachronic perspective. Radiometric measurements from the foundations of the mound structures cluster around 1000 CE. In addition, the ceramic assemblages corresponding to the cultural styles El Bosque (500 BCE-500 CE), La Selva (500-1000 CE)and La Cabana (1000-1500 CE) suggest an occupational sequence of approximately two millennia. Our study aim to understand this phenomenon. The data analysed in this study were collected during archaeological fieldwork in 2005, carried out jointly by the Museo Nacional of the Costa Rica and the Université de Montréal. The ceramic analyses focuses on technological, morphological and stylistic attributes. Results are interpreted from a comparative perspective. They suggest that independently of the archaeological contexts, ceramic assemblages exhibit heterogeneous stylistic compositions and include all three cultural styles : El Bosque, La Selva and La Cabana. However, a model of deposition reveals a certain character of homogeneity. Thus, the assemblages are composed in a recurring way of 12% of ceramics El Bosque, 55% La Selva and 33% La Cabana. This research leads to a premiliary interpretation of this mixture of ceramic styles. Tha amalgam of the ceramic styles indicates that Las Mercedes was occupied over a long period, however the results of our analyses have not being sufficient to confirm or to inform our working hypotheses.
Guillou, Marine. "Les dépotoirs dans le schème d’établissement iroquoien : exemple du site Mailhot-Curran." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13983.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to determine waste management strategies in the context of the semi-sedentary settlement of the Late Woodland period. The study of waste management strategies has long been neglected, with little attention given to middens in archaeological contexts being a by-product of this neglect. This is contrary to the importance of these features, as middens are present in Northeastern North America since the Middle Woodland period. The proper study of Iroquoian sites must include the analysis of waste management strategies, as these strategies generally mirror site structure and type of occupation. Middens can therefore provide information on activity areas, site function, and the duration of the site’s occupation. The Mailhot-Curran site presents multiple zones with high artifact densities. This study is aiming to determine whether these concentrations can be considered as middens and, if possible, distinguish different types of middens. The social aspects of the creation of middens will also be discussed. Although middens are present at the early stage of seasonal sedentary settlements, their presence is linked to the phenomenon leading to annual sedentarization. As centralising waste is a widely occurring cultural practice, this concept will be defined. The choice of midden location and the spatial flow of waste result from this practice. As such, the relations between activity areas, primary deposition areas, and secondary deposition areas will be examined. The artifactual density, contents, and variability between deposition areas are analysed to determine the relations between these areas. The waste management strategies of the Mailhot-Curran site are compared with other sites of the Saint-Anicet region to establish whether these strategies are a shared cultural practice.
Langevin, Érik. "Un fjord, une rivière, un lac et des ruisseaux : variabilité culturelle paléohistorique sur le bassin hydrographique de la rivière Saguenay (Québec, Canada)." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12297.
Full textIn archaeology, determining specific cultural identities is often problematic. However, towards the end of the Paleohistoric period, and especially during the Protohistoric period, archaeological assemblages are more often than not supported by written and pictorial sources that more or less accurately depict the human geography of the period. Along the Saguenay River watershed, some of these sources reveal that, during the Protohistoric period, a number of distinctive groups frequented the area, including St. Lawrence Iroquoians, Tadoussac Montagnais (Innu), Kakouchacks, and other northern groups. The archaeological assemblages of the 393 archaeological sites along the Saguenay River watershed with at least one Protohistoric or late Paleohistoric component were analyzed in an effort to determine if what is written or illustrated in historic texts can be confirmed from an archaeological standpoint. Be they ceramic, lithic, osteological, or other, the latter have revealed a number of trends that can only be interpreted as specific cultural fabrics. The presence of this Protohistoric cultural mosaic raised several challenges as to the timeline of this dynamic and, particularly, how it came about. While the widely changing Saguenay River watershed environment (including Lake St. Jean) surely played a part, other events, or behaviours, undoubtedly contributed to the diversity of those populations; such as the origins of the populations that navigated the river and its tributaries, the routes they followed through their seasonal cycles, and the context in which exchanges were made along the entire watershed. All these factors unquestionably played a part in characterizing, say, Lake St. Jean lowland groups from lower Saguenay groups.
Johnson, Gervais Mélanie. "Les céramiques de la glacière Gervaise : le consumérisme chez la classe aisée montréalaise au milieu du XVIIIe siècle." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19068.
Full textThis thesis in Canadian colonial archaeology analyses the ceramics found in the ice cellar of the Gervaise site (BjFj-119) in Old Montreal. The deposit within the cellar, which is divided into three levels, was put in place between 1750 and 1770, thus overlapping the British Conquest of New France in 1760. The property, bought by the master baker Charles Gervaise in 1693 and occupied by him and his family until 1753, was subsequently inhabited by different families of the middling sort. The ceramics assemblage opens a window on the rapidly evolving socioeconomic and political landscape of the time and on the consumption practices of these individuals during this eventful period in Montreal history and more generally in the context of the extension of capitalism in Occident. The study is informed by the methods of description and contextualisation suggested by the archaeology of consumerism, which explores the various relationships between material culture and individuals. The collection from the Gervaise ice cellar offers an original view of well-to-do households at the end of French Regime and the beginning of the British Regime, and challenges the role of some ceramic markers such as local earthenware, creamware, white faience and white stoneware.
Thiebaud, Sybil. "Genre et identité au sein des élites mayas de la Période Classique : la dualité complémentaire des genres." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10375.
Full textAt the turn of the century, as feminist movements shook the foundations of academia, questions of gender were pushed to the fore front of debates in social sciences and archaeology. Mayan archaeology has followed this trend, shedding light on the previously neglected role of women in these societies. The goal of this thesis is to capture the complexity underlining the social, symbolic and ideological construction of gender in the upper echelons of classical Mayan society. This objective is pursued by compiling and confronting archaeological, iconographical, epigraphic and ethnohistorical data found in the literature. Our results support the thesis according to which relations and, identities pertaining to gender among the Mayan ruling and non-ruling elites were constructed along the lines of a fundamental principal of Mayan thought and culture: complimentary duality.
Flynn-Arajdal, Yasmine. "Social identities and isotopic analyses of the burials from the archaeological site of Ucanal, Petén, Guatemala." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23612.
Full textWith the advances in isotopic analyses over the last two decades, scholars working in the Maya area have come to realize that Pre-Columbian people were much more mobile than previously considered, even though many were sedentary agriculturalists with large urban centers. Isotopic analysis of strontium and oxygen of human teeth enables us to identify the presence of migrants since they reflect geochemical and climatic variability of where a person lived as a child. Twelve burials from the archaeological site of Ucanal, in the Petén region of Guatemala, were analyzed for strontium and oxygen isotopes. In addition, a strontium baseline study of faunal remains was undertaken to identify typical values for the Ucanal region. Out of the twelve burials, three individuals were identified as likely foreign-born. Interestingly, they underscore two different ways in which foreigners were implicated in their newly founded homelands. Together with analyses of the human remains and burial contexts, the isotopic results highlight potentially hostile treatment in the form of human sacrifice or potentially reverential treatments in the form of a cult of the ancestors in which foreign peoples were remembered as important founding ancestors.
Girard-Rheault, Marilyn. "Zooarchéologie des camélidés du site Moche Guadalupito, Secteur urbain (Guad-112) au Pérou." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8364.
Full textThis study aims to understand the role of camelids in the Moche urban centre of Guadalupito in Santa Valley, Peru. The faunal data analyzed were acquired from the PSUM (Proyecto Santa de la Universidad de Montreal). A synthesis of the Moche culture is presented, the Guadalupito site is described and observations regarding South American camelids are included. Mostly zooarchaeological data were analyzed to answer questions about the way the Moche used camelids. However, ceramics, materials made from camelid fibres, ethnohistoric and ethnographic data were also examined in order to interpret the results from a holistic perspective. Results show a higher concentration of camelid remains in places associated with higher socioeconomic status. Many camelids were used for their meat and leather. In fact, camelids constituted a basic source of sustenance for those of elevated rank. Some camelids at the Guadalupito site were used to carry goods because they died at a more mature age. Exchanges between the coast and the mountains must have existed (even if they were not regular), as some camelid fibres incorporating a style distinct to the mountains were discovered at the Guadalupito site. Other camelids were used for rituals. Finally, llamas offered a stable source of protein to the Moche people who domesticated the animals to fulfill a variety of tasks. This confirms the perception of the lama as one of the most useful animals in this region prior the arrival of European animals.
Plourde, Michel. "L’exploitation du phoque dans le secteur de l’embouchure du Saguenay (Québec, Canada) par les Iroquoiens au Sylvicole supérieur(1000-1534 de notre ère)." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6151.
Full textDuring the Late Woodland period (AD 1000-1500), the area of the mouth of the Saguenay River was exploited by groups of St. Lawrence Iroquoians in search of marine resources, especially seals. These groups probably originated from the Quebec City region where their villages and permanent settlements were and thus developed a form of adaptation to the marine resources of the Estuary, making them the most mobile Iroquoian group in the St. Lawrence Valley. In this study, we propose that the exploitation of marine mammals was practiced in two stages, first in the Spring, during short periods by male hunters attracted by Harp seals and then in summer, by whole families taking advantage of gray and common seals. Pinnipeds were probably hunted on the foreshore or on the ice pack, with an ax or bow and arrow. Since the dishes cooked in the vessels consisted mainly of fish and land mammals, it is assumed that seal by-products were brought back in the Quebec City region and used as supplies, as raw material or as goods to exchange. We also propose the hypothesis that these excursions into the Estuary were not necessarily related to the precariousness of agriculture in the region of Quebec, since this practice was adopted later, after AD 1300 and perhaps even after AD 1400. The data used in this thesis are derived mainly from six sites located on a coastal strip extending over nearly 40 km. These sites are Ouellet (DaEk-6), Anse-aux-Pilotes-IV (DbEj-7), Cap-de-Bon-Désir (109G), site archéologique des Basques-de-l'Anse-à-la-Cave (DbEi-5), Pointe-à-Crapaud (DbEi-2) and Escoumins I (DcEi-1).
Hardy, Suzanne. "Iconographie des coiffures mayas du codex postclassique de Dresde." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14248.
Full textCortez, Vilchez Rosa. "Paléopathologie dentaire d'un groupe de victimes sacrifiées de Punta Lobos, vallée de Huarmey, côte nord du Pérou." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16872.
Full textCadieux, Nicolas. "La pyroclastique du site BiFw-20 à Kabeshinàn, Parc du Lac Leamy, Gatineau." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16915.
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