Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Archéométrie – France – Argonne (France)'
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Delbey, Thomas. "Caractérisation, production et diffusion des imitations de sigillée d'Argonne dans le Diocèse des Gaules durant l'Antiquité tardive." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100033.
Full textFrom the second half of the 4th century, the East Gaulish red-slipped ware of Argonne, an area located between Châlons-en-Champagne and Verdun, are widely diffused in the Diocese of Gaul and in the west of Europe. This kind of ceramic, characterized by a stringcrouse decoration printed using a roller, has long been considered as only produced in the Argonne’s workshops. However, the studies of these last decades has made it possible to came up with a new theory that suggest the existence of several local productions imitating the forms and the decorations of these sigillata. Using differents methods of archaeometric analysis (chemical analyses by x-ray fluorescence, petrographic observations, mineralogical analyses by x-ray diffraction), the existence of several groups of production is validated. The adequacy between the statistical clustering of the geochemical data and the archaeological assumptions mainly based on the identification of the roller-stamped decorations confirms the relevance of the partitioning obtained. These results reflect the diversity of the clays used for the manufacturing of these red-slipped ware outside of the Argonne area (calcareous clay, non calcareous clay, kaolinitic clay) and the craftsmen’s capacities to adapt to the geological ressources available. The petrographic and mineralogical observations also attest the use of sigillata kilns and updraft kilns by the potters (sometimes both in the same workshop). This characterization highlight a phenomenon of workshops’s swarming, generally of modest size, which produce and distribute these roller-stamped red-slipped ware on short distances
Rousseau, Olivier. "Analyse de la genèse d'un dispositif muséal à vocation touristique : Nocturnia et le pôle nature de l' Argonne ardennaise." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0062.
Full textIn France, many state, regional and local authorities create or renovate museums first at all from a perspective of local development. The museal process then, is not only patrimonial and media, but it also becomes strategic. In this context, our thesis offers to shed this strategic dimension from a theoretical model of the museal process, by studying the production of a particular system: the project Pôle Nature of the Communauté de communes de l’Argonne ardennaise. Thus, we have analysed the museal project’s conception, the representations of the main participants in the project management and, finally, our own interventions. Finally, this interpretative research underlines different settings which structure the functioning and the action of the actors’ system taking responsibility for a plan of « strategic museum ». Besides, it sets up our theoretical model as an operational tool for the study of the museal process social dimension
Amat, Jean-Paul. "La forêt entre guerre et paix 1870-1995 : Etude de biogéographie historique sur l'Arc meusien de l'Argonne à la Woëvre." Lille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL10182.
Full textDervin, Stéphanie. "Typochronologie de la céramique bas-normande de la fin du XIIe siècle au milieu du XIVe siècle : étude des lots des châteaux de Caen, Falaise et de l'hôpital de Sées." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUEL008.
Full textHamon, Nathalie. "Les productions céramiques au néolithique ancien et moyen dans le nord-ouest de la France." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10139.
Full textBerranger, Marion. "Le fer, entre matière première et moyen d'échange, en France du VIIe au Ier s. Av. J. -C. : approches interdisciplinaires." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010689.
Full textPagès, Gaspard. "La métallurgie du fer en France méditerranéenne de l'Antiquité au début du Moyen Age : jalons d'une approche interdisciplinaire." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30054.
Full textThis PhD work in archaeology proposes a panorama on the iron metallurgy in Mediterranean France from Roman Antiquity to the beginning of the Middle Ages. It is based on an archaeological step assimilating an archaeometric approach especially adapted to the analysis of the ancient iron artefacts: metallography and petrography. Precise bibliographical inventories are drawn up to globally consider the problem and to make a state of the art of knowledge acquired in the past, moreover the present work is mainly anchored on the new and detailed studies of twelve significant metallurgical contexts with specific topics – said, pilot archaeological site. Those are documented by the completeness of archaeological data and, especially, by a rigorous description of installations, sorting of practically 28000 metallurgical materials – objects and slags – and archaeometric analysis of 169 of them. This thesis is structured around the three great activities which emerge from iron bloomery process: the production of the metal – the direct reduction of the ore –, the manufacture of the objects – their forging – and the trade of ferrous artefacts in a semi-finished form – the circulation of the semi-products. Thus, through the evolution of these three economic types of activity, it is possible to highlight the choices and the behaviors which were adopted for the same exercise to finally contribute to a better knowledge of the society to the Roman Antiquity at the beginning of the Middle Ages in the south of Gaul
Pactat, Inès. "L'activité verrière en France du VIIIe au XIe siècle : résilience et mutations d'une production artisanale." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCC016.
Full textThe Early Middle Ages are a key period in the history of glassmaking, when major changes took place in the production system. This transformation is reflected in the appearance of new manufacturing recipes, but we still do not know the underlying causes, mechanisms and their consequences on the glass economy.In the absence of sufficient data on the workshops themselves, whether through archaeology or written sources, the evolution of glassmaking can be elucidated through complementary approaches, by investigating the products from a typological, chronological and archaeometric point of view. To do this, we have focused on blown glass objects dated between the beginning of the 8th and the end of the 11th century AD, including glass tableware, lighting devices and window glass from France. In order to have a sufficiently large and relevant corpus of objects, the entire current French metropolitan territory was considered and 114 collections from production and consumption sites were studied. The identification of the different raw materials used, thanks to physico-chemical analyses, was put in perspective with the evolution of the products, their shape and their decoration. The reconstruction of the chaîne opératoire revealed the resilience of the early medieval craftsmen who mobilized innovative resources to pursue their activity and to meet growing demands
Spencer, Thomas. "L'architecture religieuse en Champagne du Nord aux XIe et XIIe siècles." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010618/document.
Full textResearch of Romanesque architecture in the north of the Champagne region, with very few exceptions, has not been renewed since the early 1980s. In the first part of this current study, the historiography of the subject study reveals that: art historians and archaeologists have not been invested in the archaeology of the region despite the fact that there have been many improvements in the methods of observation and dating, in particular with archaeometry and buildings archaeology; the architecture of the region has therefore not benefitted from these new techniques; there are a great many more resources available today that also analyze the history of the period and permit a greater understanding of the multiple contexts that had an impact on architectural and artistic creation during the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries. As such, one is made aware of the need to renew the general comprehension and chronology of the Romanesque religious monuments in Champagne. In the second part of this current study, the three largest churches of the dioceses of Reims and Châlons are revisited : Montier-en-Der, Saint-Étienne de Vignory and Saint-Remi de Reims of which the dates and phases of construction are still a matter of discussion today. Following this monographic study is an analysis of a selected group of church-types of which the plans, elevations and monumental decoration are characteristic of the region. By applying to all of these churches a greater degree of observation than previously done, it is possible to invalidate a certain number of the criteria formerly used to date these monuments and to suggest new conclusions concerning many aspects of their construction
Cole, Ralston P. "The Combat in France of the U.S. 360th Infantry Regiment and the Death of First Lieutenant George P. Cole on November 2, 1918, in the Battle of Meuse-Argonne." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2450.
Full textJarrier, Catherine. "Minéralogie, pétrologie et géochimie des résidus sidérurgiques gallo-romains (Ariège et Montagne Noire) ; comparaison avec les résultats des essais in situ de réduction directe du fer." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30272.
Full textFlament, Julien. "Les métallurgies associées de la fin du XIIIe siècle au XVe siècle : L’argent, les cuivres et le plomb à Castel-Minier (Ariège, France)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE1175.
Full textFor several decades, the central Pyrenees have been the subject of multidisciplinary researches, which deal with medieval mining and metallurgical activities. In the ancient viscounty of Couserans, archaeological excavations unearthed the site of Castel-Minier, which played a major role in mining and metals production between the late 13th and 15th centuries. The artefacts uncovered have highlighted the polymetallic activities of the workshop, which is characterized by the practice of several metallurgies concerning silver, copper and its alloys and lead. Our work aims, on the one hand, to identify the nature and origin of the mineral resources that supply the site and, on the other hand, to understand the functional organisation of the different workspaces through the restitution of the chaînes opératoires.Our research is carried out in a multidisciplinary perspective, combining the study of textual and iconographic sources, the results of archaeological excavations and data from the archaeometric studies of the metallurgical artefacts. The results show, besides the transformation of argentiferous galena to extract silver, the production of desilvered lead, unalloyed copper and antimony-lead bronze, or caldarium. Each chaîne opératoire is subject to a detailed study in which technical practices are discussed, as well as the forms and qualities of production. The association of several metallurgical activities in Castel-Minier workshops is an opportunity to address the issue of workers' multi-skilling and expertise, and also to discuss their adaptability according to the mining opportunities and the expectations of the metals market
Pagès, Gaspard. "La métallurgie du fer en France méditerranéenne de l'Antiquité au début du Moyen Âge : jalons d'une approche interdisciplinaire." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00357391.
Full textDes inventaires bibliographiques précis sont dressés pour envisager le problème dans son ensemble et faire état des connaissances acquises par le passé, mais cette thèse s'ancre principalement sur les études inédites et détaillées de douze contextes métallurgiques dits témoins et significatifs de problématiques propres. Ces derniers sont documentés par l'ensemble des données archéologiques et, spécialement, sur la base d'une description rigoureuse des aménagements, du tri de près de vingt-huit mille pièces métallurgiques – objets et scories – et de l'analyse archéométrique de cent soixante-neuf d'entre elles.
Cette thèse est structurée autour des trois grandes activités qui se dégagent de la chaîne opératoire de la métallurgie du fer directe : la production du matériau fer – la réduction directe du minerai –, la fabrication des objets – leur forgeage – et le commerce du matériau fer sous une forme semi-finie – la circulation des demi-produits. Ainsi, à travers l'évolution de ces trois types d'activités économiques, il est possible de mettre en évidence les choix et les comportements qui ont été adoptés pour un même exercice des cadres antiques à l'orée de la réforme carolingienne pour, au final, contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de la société de l'époque romaine au début du Moyen Âge en Gaule du Sud.
Gehres, Benjamin. "Connaissances des sociétés insulaires armoricaines par l’étude archéométrique du mobilier céramique : les réseaux d’échanges îles-continent : évolution du Néolithique à la période gallo-romaine." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20012/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes to grasp the development of the ceramic productions and exchanges between the islands and the mainland since the Neolithic to the gallo-roman period.Through archaeometric approaches of ceramics, we question the role of the islands Brittany in the development of communication networks and movement of people and products. Thus, determining the local or exogenous nature of a production, it is possible to identify the degree of openness or withdrawal of an occupation and its integration into trade networks.For this, several analytical methods have been implemented at different scales, in relation to the typological datas of the ceramics. Macroscopic observations, on the surface treatments were carried out as microscopic observations in thin sections, which will identify the mineral assemblage in the clay, and to determine the geological and geographical origin of pottery. The study of paste is complemented with analysis by SEM-EDS, XR-D and HH-XRF. At last, a new methodological approach applied to the provenance of archaeological ceramics was developed: the analysis by LA-ICP-MS of natural or artificial inclusions in the potteries.The chronological framework of this study, from the Neolithic to the Gallo-Roman period allows to follow the evolution of the ceramic characteristics, the locations of supply and production.The interpretation of these analysis is put into perspective in a broader considerations on the status of island sites: are they production centers or dependent occupations from continental centers?
Métreau, Laetitia. "La " faïence " dans les pavements médiévaux en France (XIIIe-XIVe s.) : approche technique, stylistique et symbolique du cas de Suscinio (c. 1330-1350)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR30036.
Full textTin-glazed earthenware manufacturing and use changed from its beginnings in the refined courts of the Islamic Far East up to its manufacturing in the West. In France, the technique was introduced during the Gothic period. It appears simultaneously, in specific geographical areas, at times used in the composition of luxurious floor-tiles where it often coexists with indigenous transparent high-lead glazed tiles. Such floor-tiles bear witness to the meeting between two technical and cultural traditions. That is the reason why they are particularly appropriate when studying together issues relating to the geographical origin, production and consumption of tin-glazed earthenware technique at its beginnings in France. The ways followed by this exogenous technique and the reasons for its use were clarified through the overall approach of the exemplary case of Suscinio. Technical, iconographical and analytical data collected by using a multidisciplinary methodology have provided some answers. Imported products and local experimentation can be excluded in favor of imported skills or transfer of knowledge. The Gothic tradition of the iconography and the style showed that the technique was adapted to a new socio-cultural context. Its use in particular and particularly important places was not only reserved to a manifestation of power but also worked as spatial, hierarchical and social markers
Disser, Alexandre. "Production et circulation du Fer en Lorraine (VIe siècle avant J-C - XVe siècle ap. J-C)." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0242/document.
Full textLorraine was, during the 19th and 20th c., one of the most important ironmaking areas worldwide, relying on the use of a sedimentary ore, the Minette lorraine. Paradoxically, it has long been thought that no iron was produced using this ore before the modern era. A research program initiated 25 years ago totally renewed our perception of its metallurgical history. Production activities were indeed sporadically performed since the Iron Age, before drastically increasing during medieval times. Research performed allows a first apprehension of the ironmaking activities’ forms in Lorraine and their evolution through successive periods, put into perspective in the European context. Iron trade and circulation remain however largely unknown, due to the lack of historical sources. A first insight of the trade networks relative to iron products extending throughout Lorraine and its fringes is exposed in this thesis, contributing to the perception of the use of iron in different periods.A methodology recently developed by the Laboratoire Métallurgies et Cultures and Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l’Altération, relying on the chemical characterization of smelting slags and slag inclusions entrapped in iron products, was employed to that purpose. This interdisciplinary work also offers new developments in the multivariate statistical treatment of chemical information, and contributes to answering the issues raised at the beginning of this work.A geochemical reference set, comprised of a pre-existing database and new information gathered on archaeological surveys performed during this work, was set up. It provides a new perception of the chemical diversity characterizing iron smelting activities within Lorraine and its fringes. Geochemical production sets were emphasized in doing so. Several iron consumption contexts were then considered, offering the possibility of shedding light on iron spreading networks during ancient times in Lorraine. A statistical approach, relying on the use of both descriptive statistical analyses and predictive modelling, was applied to that purpose. It was beforehand tested by studies performed on workshops for which the use of a given ore is attested by archaeological records.Results allow enlightening, sometimes against formerly formulated hypotheses, the practices in terms of the iron’s trade through different periods, facing our current knowledge about iron production modes. Benefiting from newly gathered information, discussions about the role played by ironworking activities among ancient societies are initiated
Bassel, Léna. "Genèse de faciès calcitiques : mondmilch et coralloïdes : étude multiphysique des concrétions de la grotte laboratoire de Leye (Dordogne)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30033/document.
Full textPaleolithic ornated cave conservation is an issue of major interest for curators who are facing several kinds of alterations. The study of speleothems covering cave walls is crucial to have a better understanding of their formation processes at the scale of a cave, a wall, or a panel. They can indeed, partially or totally, cover paintings and engravings. The present work focuses on the physicochemical characterization and spatial variability of two calcitic concretions, moonmilk and coralloids, that are frequently found in prehistoric caves. This study was conducted in a laboratory-cave called the Leye cave (Marquay, France), a cavity affected by these two types of concretions, but without archeological art and located in the Vézère valley (Dordogne, France), a region with a high density of prehistoric caves. Chemical composition and internal structure of these concretions were obtained by combining physicochemical characterization methods like Raman spectroscopy and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) coupled with morphological observations. We pay particular attention to coralloids, which were far less studied than moonmilk up to now. Environmental conditions such as climatology and hydrology of the cave, as well as the presence of microbial activity are taken into account in order to interpret the results. Putting these results in perspective with dating and isotopic data allows to discuss different assumptions regarding the formation scenario of these concretions. Finally, a statistical analysis on a database of caves established at the scale of the Vézère valley provides information regarding the correlation between some particular parameters and the presence of the concretions
Lamontagne, Huguette. "L'industrie potière à Québec au XVIIe siècle : une étude archéométrique des terres cuites communes qualifiées de fabrication locale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30189.
Full textQuebec archaeologists have been interested in applying scientific methods to the study of earthenware found in New France since the last few decades. European archaeologists used tools such as thin section layer analysis, spectrometry and statistics far before. In the 1980s André Proulx and Lueger and Oliver applied quantitative analysis to the study of Quebec ceramics. This project combines petrographic analysis, tomodensitometry (CT-SCAN) and statistical tools to examine the problem of ceramic provenance via the study of their pastes. Sherds were selected from 4 sites in Quebec City dating to the XVIIth century : la maison des Jésuites (CeEt-27), l'îlot des Palais (CeEt-30), le Parc des Braves (CeEt-677) and le domaine Maizerets (CfEu-1). The main purpose was to prove to our satisfaction that what we call local earthenware was indeed locally made. With the use of a CT-SCAN we were able to examine the quality of the manufacturing process and we tried to identify the work of different potters, ideally associating a particular manufacture to a specific potter. The use of the CT-SCAN together with petrographic analysis allows us to question both the advantages and disadvantages related to these methods.
Emery, Laetitia. "Approches archéométriques des productions faïencières françaises au XVIIIe siècle : le cas de la manufacture Babut à Bergerac (env. 1740 - 1789)." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00751413.
Full textBall, Gregory W. "Soldier Boys of Texas: The Seventh Texas Infantry in World War I." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30433/.
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