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Books on the topic 'Archetypal forms'
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Malenko, S. A. Arkheologii︠a︡ Samosti: Arkhetipicheskie obrazy osushchestvlenii︠a︡ Chelovecheskogo i formy ego sot︠s︡ialʹnogo oborotnichestva : monografii︠a︡. Velikiĭ Novgorod: Novgorodskiĭ gos. universitet im. I︠A︡roslava Mudrogo, 2008.
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Ichevska, Tati͡ana. Mitichnoto v bŭlgarskata literatura--svetove i formi. Plovdiv: "Etimon", 2000.
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Lippert, Amy K. DeFalco. “Ten Times Better Than a Letter”: Gold Rush Photography. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190268978.003.0003.
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Argonauts posed for gold rush portraits in so-called costumes that evoked the archetypal miner—a category that Anglo Americans understood as implicitly white and male, although they appropriated what they considered to be Mexican forms of dress to craft this image. The miner persona conferred the notoriety and immortality of fame, while threatening to envelop the subject’s name and personal identity into the anonymous fold of the archetype. The gold rush constituted one of the first major events to employ the photograph as an instrument of widely disseminated historical documentation, and the results were as captivating to the public for the accuracy of their detail as for the nature of their subject matter.
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Kozlova, Ekaterina E. Maternal Grief as an Archetype in the Psychology of Grief and Ancient Near East. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796879.003.0001.
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This chapter surveys recent grief studies, which show that amongst various types of bereavement maternal grief is regarded as the most intense type and is the most persistent. It also looks at anthropological studies that show how interrupted motherhood often leads to various forms of socio-political and religious engagement among women constituting a form of grief-driven activism. Building on these studies, this chapter examines the extant ancient Near East sources—mythologies, liturgies, medical texts, royal chronicles, etc.—showing that in the taxonomy of both death-related and non-death-related types of grief and their emotive and ritual expression, maternal grief was seen as archetypal and was implemented paradigmatically.
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Ferri, Giovanni, and Angelo Leogrande. Entrepreneurial Pluralism. Edited by Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.2.
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Economic manuals and the policy debate are generally permeated by the assumption that there is an archetypical form of enterprise: the private limited company, often viewed as a public company. Instead, enterprise forms differing from the archetype are viewed as anomalous, possibly the result of unstable constructions waiting to evolve into public companies. However, reality tells us that entrepreneurial pluralism is the norm rather than the exception, and that those non-archetype enterprises do not disappear, and often thrive. Furthermore, progress in the theories of industrial organization, corporate governance, stakeholder inclusion, and the common goods all seem to suggest that entrepreneurial pluralism may be welfare enhancing. Against this background, we draw on the literature with the purpose of shedding light on the potential causes and effects of entrepreneurial pluralism. Specifically, we focus on mutual producer/consumer associations, social enterprises, co-operative enterprises, and family firms.
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Archetypes and Historicity: Paintings and Other Radical Forms 1995-2007. Silvana, 2012.
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Hardy, Duncan. Associations in Comparative Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827252.003.0006.
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Throughout the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries every category of political actor in the Empire habitually entered into lateral contractual relationships, which this book calls ‘associations’. The archetypal association was the treaty-based alliance or league, regulating military and judicial affairs between two or more parties. Whereas existing historiography of the German lands characterizes associations as marginal and illegitimate, or else as the preserve of specific social groups, the evidence shows that alliances and leagues were ubiquitous and unavoidable features of the political landscape. Providing the first truly comparative typology of Upper German associations, this chapter examines shorter-term alliances (including sub-types such as peace-associations, knightly societies, and citizen-alliances) and longer-term unions such as the Swabian League and the Swiss Confederation. The latter emerges in this analysis as one end of a continuum of Upper German associative forms based on a universal template, rather than a unique proto-national coalition.
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Costanzo, William V. When the World Laughs. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190924997.001.0001.
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This is a book about the intersection of humor, history, and culture. It explores how film comedy, one of the world’s most popular movie genres, reflects the values and beliefs of those who enjoy its many forms, its most enduring characters and stories, its most entertaining routines and funniest jokes. What people laugh at in Europe, Africa, or the Far East reveals important truths about their differences and common bonds. By investigating their traditions of humor, by paying close attention to the kinds of comedy that cross national boundaries and what gets lost in translation, this study leads us to a deeper understanding of each other and ourselves. Section One begins with a survey of the theories and research that best explain how humor works. It clarifies the varieties of comic forms and styles, identifies the world’s most archetypal figures of fun, and traces the history of mirth from earliest times to today. It also examines the techniques and aesthetics of film comedy: how movies use the world’s rich repertoire of amusing stories, gags, and wit to make us laugh and think. Section Two offers a close look at national and regional trends. It applies the concepts set forth earlier to specific films across a broad spectrum of sub-genres, historical eras, and cultural contexts, providing an insightful comparative study of the world’s great traditions of film comedy.
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Joyce, Rosemary. The Future of Nuclear Waste. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888138.001.0001.
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How can sites of waste disposal be marked to prevent contamination in the future? The United States government addressed this challenge in planning for nuclear waste repositories. Consulting with experts in imagining future scenarios, in language and communication, and in anthropology, the Department of Energy sought to develop plans that would satisfy demands from the Environmental Protection Agency for a marker system that would be effective long into the future. Expert consultants proposed two very different designs: one based on archaeological sites recognized as cultural heritage monuments; the other proposing that certain forms invoke universal feelings. The Department of Energy opted for a design based on archaeological ruins, cited as proof human-made markers could last and communicate warnings for thousands of years. This book explores the common-sense assumptions the experts made about their archaeological models and shows how they are contradicted by what archaeologists understand about these places and things. The book alternates between discussions of archaeological marker designs and reflections on the alternative proposal based on archetypes intended to arouse universal responses. Recognizing these archetype designs as similar in scale and form to Land Art projects, it compares the way government experts proposed that their designs would work with views of modern artists and critics. Drawing on views of indigenous people who disproportionately are asked to accommodate such projects, the book explores concessions within the project that only oral transmission is likely to ensure that such sites remain identifiable long into the future.
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Esler, Karen J., Anna L. Jacobsen, and R. Brandon Pratt. Form and Function of Mediterranean Shrublands. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739135.003.0006.
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The archetypal shrub type that dominates most of the regions that experience mediterranean-type climate (MTC) is an evergreen shrub with thick and leathery leaves (sclerophyllous). The occurrence of large stands of such shrubs in all MTC regions led early biogeographers to hypothesize that the MTC selects for this growth form and leaf type and that this had led to convergent evolution (see Chapters 1 and 2). This hypothesis has received considerable research interest and continues to be examined. In this chapter we consider the structure and physiology of these archetypal MTC region shrub species and examine evidence for convergent evolution in their structure and function. We also assess the key adaptive traits that enable the shrub species that compose mediterranean-type vegetation (MTV) communities to thrive in MTC regions.
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Fountain, Philip. Creedal Monologism and Theological Articulation in the Mennonite Central Committee. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190652807.003.0011.
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This chapter presents an ethnography of Christian theology. It does so by examining theological articulation in and through the creedal form. Creeds may be taken as an archetypal monologic mode of expression due to their monovocal presentation of standardized, non-debatable claims. Through close attention to how and why creeds are created it is possible to examination the contours and operations of the monological imagination. Drawing on fieldwork and archival research, this chapter explores the creedal articulation, as well as instances of disarticulation, within two North American Anabaptist service organizations, namely the Mennonite Central Committee and Christian Aid Ministries. Their differing strategies of theological articulation illuminate the uses and limits of monological discourse.
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Lippert, Amy K. DeFalco. “These Lofty Aspirants of Fame”: The Making of the Gold Rush Legend. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190268978.003.0002.
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San Francisco constituted the epicenter of the vibrant image production and printing industry that produced visualizations of the gold rush experience for miners and their far-flung audiences around the world. This chapter examines the artist-rendered representations of the gold rush, especially in the form of illustrated letter sheets—the precursors to the modern postcard. Letter sheets, and the notes that miners scrawled on them to the folks at home, stressed the irreplaceability of direct experience through the popular metaphor of “seeing the elephant.” Gold rush illustrations crafted an archetypal (white, male) miner identity and juxtaposed it with depictions of nonwhite groups like the Chinese and California Indians, who were cast as visual exotics.
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McKinlay Gardner, R. J., and David J. Amor. Down Syndrome, Other Full Aneuploidies, Polyploidy, and the Influence of Parental Age. Edited by R. J. McKinlay Gardner and David J. Amor. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199329007.003.0013.
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This chapter reviews the archetypical chromosome disorder, namely Down syndrome (DS; trisomy 21), and the various different chromosomal forms that may be the basis of it: standard trisomy 21, translocation trisomy, both de novo and inherited, and other rare forms. The concept of dosage imbalance as the basis of the pathogenesis is reviewed, and the “DS critical region” on chromosome 21 is examined. Reproductive risks associated with each of these DS types are discussed. The chapter considers the other full autosomal trisomies, T13 and T18, and also (mosaic) T9. Triploidy, as the basis of hydatidiform mole, is reviewed. Also reviewed are the influence of parental, mostly maternal, age, in the genesis of these aneuploidies, and the effect of secular change on these observations. Tables provide precise age-related risk figures for recurrence risk of T21 and more general figures for other trisomies.
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Gray, Erik. Invitations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198752974.003.0003.
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This chapter describes the invitation poem, a genre of love poetry with its roots in the biblical Song of Songs that reflects on major questions that have always surrounded the nature of love. Does love entail recognition or fresh discovery, a completion of the self or a disruption of its contours? Is love primarily a natural passion or a cultural practice? The invitation poem, with its displacement of erotic desire onto an imagined landscape, negotiates these possibilities through its fusion of inward and outward, homecoming and exile, intimacy and alienation. The tradition initiated by the Song of Songs alters over the centuries, as poets including Christopher Marlowe and Charles Baudelaire, among many others, highlight different points of contact between the poetic and erotic imagination. The invitation genre can thus be seen as an archetypal form of love lyric, emphasizing some of the central paradoxes that link love to poetry.
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Winterling, Aloys. Imperial Madness in Ancient Rome. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199394852.003.0005.
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The inherited stigma of Roman kingship and the legacy of noble faction form the backdrop to this chapter, which reinterprets the archetypical ‘tyrannical emperors’ Caligula, Nero, and Domitian. The chapter demonstrates that the psychological approach of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century scholarship was misguided, and instead analyzes the emperors in the context of, on the one hand, the paradoxical sociopolitical conditions of early imperial Rome and, on the other, Rome’s traditional aristocratic ideals. In this chapter’s treatment, supposed insanity becomes a strategy for unmasking (Caligula), superseding (Nero), or breaking down (Domitian) the contradictions inherent in the imperial res publica. Provocatively, the reconstruction provided here suggests that it is the traditional ‘good emperors’ who are in need of explication.
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Mayer, Peta. Misreading Anita Brookner. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620597.001.0001.
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Anita Brookner was a best-selling women’s writer, Booker Prize winner and an historian of French Romantic art. However she is best known for writing boring, outdated books about lonely, single women. This book offers a queer rereading of Brookner by demonstrating the performative Romanticism of her novels to narrate multiple historical forms of homoerotic desire. It draws on diverse nineteenth-century intertexts from Charles Baudelaire to Henry James, Renée Vivien to Freud to establish a cross-historical and temporal methodology that emphasises figures of anachronism, the lesbian, the backwards turn and the woman writer. Delineating sets of narrative behaviours, tropes and rhetorical devices between Brookner’s Romantic predecessors and her own novels, the book produces a cast of Romantic personae comprising the military man, analysand, queer, aesthete, dandy, flâneur, degenerate and storyteller as hermeneutic figures for rereading Brookner. It then stages the performance of these personae along the specified narrative forms and back through six Brookner novels to reveal queer stories about their characters and plotlines. This new interpretation offers ways to think about Brookner’s contemporary female heroines as hybrid variations of (generally male) nineteenth-century artist archetypes. As a result it simultaneously critiques the heterosexual and temporal misreading that has characterised Brookner’s early reception.
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Norris, Andrew. Community and Voice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190673949.003.0004.
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This chapter analyzes Cavell’s reception of Rousseau’s theory of the general will and the manner in which he uses it to counter dominant conceptions of democracy, freedom, rhetoric, and public reason. Central here is Rousseau’s idea that the virtuous citizen can speak for fellow citizens—articulate their shared general will—in much the same way, and with the same limitations, as the ordinary language philosopher who articulates “what we say when.” Cavell develops this in his account of the political “claim to community,” and argues that certain archetypical forms of injustice are best explained by the failure of their perpetrators to properly articulate their own will. The problem here is not one of sincerity, but of self-knowledge. In reviewing these matters, this chapter also clarifies as neither previous commentators nor Cavell himself have the nature and worth of Cavell’s critique of the dominant model of contract theory, that of John Rawls.
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Murphet, Julian. A Folklore of Speed. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190664244.003.0002.
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This first chapter implements the methodology outlined in the Introduction by charting Faulkner’s evolving interest in figures of flight and aeronautics between his enlistment in the RAF and the publication of Pylon (1935). It argues that, during this time in U.S. history, the function and ideology of flight changed radically from a “heroic” military role to a routine commercial one, a transformation that radically altered Faulkner’s initial interest in the pilot as a latter-day knight errant. In a series of short stories and screen treatments, Faulkner exposed his original investment in the pilot as an airborne cavalier to the inevitable disenchantments that resulted from flying the mail, passenger lines, surveying, and other peacetime uses of airplanes in the routine accumulations of capital and state power. The chapter shows Faulkner rethinking the archetype of the pilot and adapting his literary form to accommodate a new and post-human folklore of speed.
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Hanson, Clare. Genetics and the Literary Imagination. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813286.001.0001.
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This book explores the impact of genetic and postgenomic science on British literary fiction over the last four decades, focusing on the challenge posed to novelists by gene-centric neo-Darwinism and examining the recent rapprochement between postgenomic perspectives and literary understandings of human nature. It assesses the rise to cultural prominence of neo-Darwinism in the form of sociobiology and evolutionary psychology, thought styles which were predicated on scientific reductionism and genetic determinism. It explores the ways in which the fiction of Doris Lessing, A.S. Byatt, and Ian McEwan critiques neo-Darwinism but also registers the extent to which these writers are persuaded by the neo-Darwinian view of human behaviour as driven by genetic self-interest. It goes on to consider the ‘new biology’ that emerged around the turn of the millennium, as gene-centrism was displaced by a more dynamic and holistic view of the development and function of living organisms. It reads the work of Eva Hoffman, Kazuo Ishiguro, Margaret Drabble, and Jackie Kay as converging with this shift in which the organism is reconfigured as agentic and self-organizing but caught up in complex co-dependencies with other organisms. The archetypal postgenomic science of epigenetics is crucial in facilitating this change, disclosing the ways in which the genome is constantly modified in response to environmental cues and sponsoring a view of identity in terms of plasticity and mutability, a view more congenial to many writers than the concept of genetic predetermination.
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Olguín, B. V. Violentologies. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863090.001.0001.
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Violentologies: Violence, Identity, and Ideology in Latina/o Literature explores how various forms of violence undergird a wide range of Latina/o subjectivities, or Latinidades, from 1835 to the present. Drawing upon the Colombian interdisciplinary field of Violence studies known as violentología, which examines the transformation of Colombian society during a century of political and interpersonal violence, this book adapts the neologism violentology as a heuristic device and epistemic category to map the salience of violence in Latina/o history, life, and culture in the United States and globally. The term violentologies thus refers to culturally specific subjects defined by violence—or violence-based ontologies—ranging from Latina/o-warrior archetypes to diametrically opposed pacifist modalities, plus many more. It also signifies the epistemologies of violence: the political and philosophical logic and goals of certain types of violence such as torture, military force, and other forms of political and interpersonal harm. Based on one hundred primary texts and archival documents from an expansive range of Latina/o communities—Chicana/o, Puerto Rican, Cuban American, Salvadoran American, Guatemalan American, and various mixed-heritages and transversal hybridities throughout the world—Violentologies features multiple generations of Latina/o combatants, wartime noncombatants, and “peacetime” civilians whose identities and ideologies extend through, and far beyond, familiar Latinidades. Based on this discrepant archive, Violentologies articulates a contrapuntal assessment of the inchoate, contradictory, and complex range of violence-based Latina/o ontologies and epistemologies, and corresponding negotiations of power, or ideologies, pursuant to an expansive and meta-critical Pan-Latina/o methodology. Accordingly, this book ultimately proposes an antiidentitarian post-Latina/o paradigm.
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Kozlova, Ekaterina E. Maternal Grief in the Hebrew Bible. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796879.001.0001.
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This book explores the stories of biblical mothers who were placed at key junctures in Israel’s history to renegotiate the destinies not only of their own children, dead or lost, but also those of larger communities, i.e. family lines, ethnic groups, or entire nations. Since ‘rites in general are a context for the creation and transformation of social order’, these women used the circumstance of child loss as a platform for a kind of grief-driven socio-political activism. As maternal bereavement is generally understood as the most intense of all types of loss and was seen as archetypal of all mourning in the ancient Near East, Israelite communities in crisis deemed sorrowing motherhood as a potent agent in bringing about their own survival and resurgence back to normalcy. The book considers (1) modern examples of socio-political engagement among women that stems from child loss; (2) a survey of recent grief studies that identify maternal grief as the most intense and the most enduring among other types of bereavement; and (3) an overview of ancient Near Eastern cultures that viewed maternal grief as paradigmatic of all mourning and used ritual actions performed by mothers in contexts of large-scale catastrophes as mechanisms for dealing with a collective trauma. Against this background, the book discusses Hagar (Gen. 21), Rizpah (2 Sam. 21), the Tekoite (2 Sam. 14), and Rachel (Jer. 31), all of whom perform rites for their dying or dead children and exhibit a form of advocacy for society at large.
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Bohn, James, and Jeff Kurtti. Music in Disney's Animated Features. University Press of Mississippi, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496812148.001.0001.
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Music in Disney’s Animated Features: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs to The Jungle Book investigates how music functions in Disney Animated films. The book identifies several techniques used in a number of Disney animated movies. In addition it also presents a history of music in Disney animated films, as well as biographical information on several of the Studios’ seminal composers. The popularity and critical acclaim of Disney animated features is built as much on music as it is on animation. From Steamboat Willie through Bambi, music is the organizing element of Disney’s animation. Songs that establish character and aid in narrative form the backbone of the Studios’ animated features from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs through The Jungle Book and beyond. In the course of their early animated features the Studios’ composers developed a number of techniques and models that have been used throughout their oeuvre. Instrumental instances of a given film’s songs are used to comment on various character’s thoughts, as well as on the plot and action. Songs featured in Disney films are often transitioned into or out of using rhymed, metered dialog, functioning in much the same way as recitative in opera. The book also explores the use of theme and variation technique, leitmotif, theatrical conventions, and song archetypes.