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Journal articles on the topic 'Architectural and urban structure'
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1
Erzen-Jale, Nejdet. "Form and meaning in architectural theory." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 7, no. 2 (2015): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1501075e.
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Often architectural theory has been articulated on prescriptive views about what architecture should be, rather than on views formulated from historical experiences and examples of architecture. In this paper I will try to offer readings of architectural form by looking at a historical example from classical Ottoman architecture and at contemporary examples, to show how different architectures treat form. In examples taken from Sinan's architecture, symbols are investigated in relation to movement, to urban settlement, to religion and power. It is hoped that this analysis will offer an understanding of how the significance of architecture in human experience and in the urban context goes beyond structure and function
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Merdanović, Teodora. "The Urban Planning Institute building in Belgrade." Nasledje, no. 21 (2020): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/nasledje2021105m.
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The building of the Urban Planning Institute in Belgrade, designed by architect Branislav Jovin, is one of the most significant achievements of the post-WWII architecture in Belgrade. In the personal oeuvre of the author, the building is his magnum opus and one of the showpieces of Brutalist architecture in Serbia. This paper will examine the architectural and artistic values of the Belgrade Urban Planning Institute building, designed in late 1960s and completed as early as 1970. The significance of the structure was reviewed in the context of its architectural, cultural and historical values, but also by analysing social circumstances and the development of architectural scenery in the post-WWII Yugoslavia and the city of Belgrade. By considering the building in the framework of the post-WWII architecture, we can get the clearer picture of tendencies and aspirations in the architectural treatment of masses and forms, of the material used, but also of European and global influence on the development of Yugoslav architecture of the time.
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Stenslie, Stahl, and Magne Wiggen. "Preemptive Architecture: Explosive Art and Future Architectures in Cursed Urban Zones." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, no. 12 (April 15, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i12.165.
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This article describes the art and architectural research project Preemptive Architecture that uses artistic strategies and approaches to create bomb-ready architectural structures that act as instruments for the undoing of violence in war. Increasing environmental usability through destruction represents an inverse strategy that reverses common thinking patterns about warfare, art and architecture. Building structures predestined for a constructive destruction becomes a creative act. One of the main motivations behind this paper is to challenge and expand the material thinking as well as the socio-political conditions related to artistic, architectural and design based practices. Article received: December 12, 2016; Article accepted: January 10, 2017; Published online: April 20, 2017Original scholarly paperHow to cite this article: Stenslie, Stahl, and Magne Wiggen. "Preemptive Architecture: Explosive Art and Future Architectures in Cursed Urban Zones." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 12 (2017): 29-39.
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Kosenkova, Natalia, Denis Litvinov, and Yelizaveta Kosenkova. "Revisiting architectural landmarks." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 03040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913503040.
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This paper discusses the urban development history of Samara and the nuances of how its urban pattern was formed. The paper highlights the key milestones in the history of the city’s development, addresses how the unplanned and planned cities were structured, and considers the city’s main historic squares. It also analyzes the part the city squares play in modern Samara. The definition of the term architectural landmark provides the basis for several primary classifications of architectural landmarks, identifying the historic landmarks of Samara. Also considered is the part that the primary architectural landmarks played in forming the historical and modern urban environment as well as how that part changed as the city grew and developed. The paper also addresses the effect that later development has had on the historic landmarks. Keywords: city, urban development, architectural landmarks, city structure, planned city.
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Ahlgren, Dorothy. "Architectural Drawings: Sources for Urban History." Research Notes 11, no. 3 (October 25, 2013): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019016ar.
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Architectural drawings are among those documents not yet utilized extensively by urban historians. In addition to possessing aesthetic properties, graphic architectural records are valuable sources of information communicated both overtly and covertly. They provide data directly related to the structure, such as its location, dimensions, owner and architect. More subtly, architectural drawings convey an impression about the scale of structures, their style and the philosophy of the architect involved. This article, using examples from collections at the Public Archives of Canada, suggests how architectural drawings might contribute to urban history.
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Bružas, Almantas. "THE CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE LANDMARKS: PLACING AN ICONIC BUILDING IN A HIERARCHICAL CLASIFICATION SYSTEM / ŠIUOLAIKINĖS ARCHITEKTŪROS ORIENTYRAI: IKONIŠKI PASTATAI HIERARCHINĖS KLASIFIKACIJOS SISTEMOJE." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, no. 3 (June 7, 2011): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.059.
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Cultural, technological, economic and social phenomena are changing the meaning and importance of different cityscape elements. The article focuses on contemporary architecture landmarks and architectural iconicity. It suggests the hierarchical classification of contemporary architectural landmarks, considering the global urban tendencies and capitalist globalization. The contemporary architectural icons are treated as urban landmarks of international importance. The dominants of cities spatial structure are recognized as other important their hierarchical type. The importance of distinguishing buildings and distinguishing urban details is limited in terms of territory, view and time.
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Dubinskiy V. P. and Skorobohatko O. V. "ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN IN MODERN CITY ARCHITECTURAL PARTERRE FORMATION." World Science 1, no. 3(43) (March 31, 2019): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/31032019/6401.
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The article deals with the problem of architectural parterre as an environmental object in urban realm structure. Tendencies in urban building are described, resulting in architectural parterre formation. The rates of urban density and number of floors, where architectural parterre is formed, are provided. The description of 3-D elements, that are included in architectural parterre structure, is indicated. This article gives the analysis of architectural parterre human perception peculiarities. On the grounds of conducted analysis, the article presents urban design elements, by means of which the architectural-artistic appearance of architectural parterre is formed. The article makes a description of the urban design revealed elements and systematizes them.
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Didenko, К. "INVOLVEMENT OF THE THEORY OF SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION FOR CONSIDERATION OF ARCHITECTURAL AND CITY BUILDING PRACTICE." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (April 3, 2020): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-185-191.
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Social aspects of the formation of architectural complexes in metropolian Kharkov have not yet been analyzed in homeland architectural theory. The study into "Kharkov constructivism", due to unfortunate historical ocurrence, is still in fact at the initial stage. Thesises of Kharkov authors illuminate this phenomenon in general or analyze some of the most significant sights. Approaches to the study of social aspects of architecture and urban development went through several stages. Architectural theory of the late 1940s- the beginning of 1950s was sharply critical of the architectural and urban planning experiments in the 1920s. The XXth century Soviet history of architecture in the 1960s and 1970s was marked by ideological rehabilitation of constructivism, including social experiments of the 1920s - early 1930s. A turn from apologetics of the 1960s - 1980s to critical analysis of the architecture and urban development of the avant-garde was indicated at the beginning of 2000s by the studies considering Soviet architectural and urban planning practice in the context of public behavior management as a tool for structuring general population to achieve political goals. Foreign studies into the Soviet avant-garde sprang up in the 1970s - early 1980s affected by Western sociology where architecture began to be viewed as a tool for managing social processes and new types of structures and models of urban planning organization- as “a transition from social to material”. Many studies highlighted the influence of Soviet architectural and urban planning programs of the 1920s and 1930s on the system and structure of public consciousness. There was established that large-scale housing, cultural and domestic construction was carried out as part of the capital's administrative and government center creation programs and the formation of an industrial complex. There were identified four conceptual approaches for housing construction, they were consistently implemented during the realization of the two above-mentioned programs: garden city, communal house, housing complex and social city. In these programs, the concepts of "garden city" and "communal houses" were practically tested and reasonably rejected, and the most productive models were residential complexes and social city. Keywords: social construction, architectural and urban concepts, soviet human, metropolian Kharkov.
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Hoffmann, Jeremie, and Hadas Nevo-Goldberst. "Louis Kahn in Tel-Aviv." Louis I. Kahn – The Permanence, no. 58 (2018): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/58.a.26ufxj56.
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This paper surveys the historical urban infrastructure and architecture of the School of Mechanical Engineering at Tel-Aviv University, designed by one of the greatest architects of the 20th century, Louis I. Kahn. The paper describes the monumental architecture of the building, which hints subtly to the qualities and complexity of the internal spaces. The structure is the only building ever erected in Israel by Kahn, and became an architectural icon, presenting the best in the Brutalist architectural style to be found in Tel-Aviv-Yafo, alongside other outstanding structures from the same period.
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Kong, Wei Dong, Jian Zeng, and Jing Zhong. "Research on the Disaster-Prevention Transformation Strategies for Existing Urban High-Rise Housing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2256.
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From the perspective of architecture, this paper discusses the disaster-prevention strategies for existing urban high-rise housing. Through an analysis of architectural space, architectural structure, and building materials of existing high-rise housing, the paper puts forward disaster-prevention strategies with the purpose of reducing and alleviating casualty loss, and ensuring effective evacuation of residents.
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Mazmanov, Ya S. "MAIN STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING STRUCTURE OF BISHKEK-FRUNZE-PISHPEK." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 1-2020 (April 6, 2020): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2020.1.46-56.
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This article presents preliminary results of the analysis of architecture and urban planning in Bishkek, considers its historically developed architectural and planning structure and historical development trends of historical development in order to understand the main problems of the current state of the city and determine its further development.
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Georgopoulou, Maria. "Vernacular Architecture in Venetian Crete: Urban and Rural Practices." Medieval Encounters 18, no. 4-5 (2012): 447–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342115.
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Abstract The architecture built in Venice’s colony on Crete between its establishment in 1211 and the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1669 displays an intermingling of Western (Latin) architectural traditions with pre-Venetian Byzantine (Orthodox) forms and styles. Previous scholarship has explored the urban architecture of Venetian Crete, but less attention has been granted to the many rural Orthodox churches of the later medieval period that dot the Cretan countryside. While the official monuments of Cretan cities have been interpreted as employing architectural forms with a strong ideological—especially political—intent, the use of forms in rural buildings was not as ideologically charged. These more modest structures employed “Western” and “Byzantine” architectural styles in an ideologically neutral manner that reflected trends in fashion or taste rather than distinctions of cultural or political identity. By the fourteenth century, “Latin” and “Orthodox” architectural traditions had merged into a local style that expressed the cosmopolitan character of medieval Crete.
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Picchio, Francesca, and Raffaella De Marco. "Landscape Analysis and Urban Description of Bethlehem Historical Center: A Methodological Approach for Digital Documentation." Heritage 2, no. 1 (February 2, 2019): 507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2010034.
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Bethlehem’s territory and the architectural heritage present in its historical city center result from the stratification of different cultural activities, religions, and urban policies that have conditioned the actual image of the urban landscape. The city, apparently conformed as a single urban entity, is structured on multiple apparatuses of complexity, and the application of principles of decomposition and cataloging becomes a fundamental method for the analysis of the built system. To better understand the relationship between the original settlement and the historical quarters of the city, and to define a tool for their conservation and development, the present research project, developed since 2018 in synergy with administrations and local authorities, and scientifically coordinated by the University of Pavia, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, seeks to promote a documentation protocol that, starting from a report analysis on landscape and urban context, methodologically defines the development of an integrated digital database, constituted by multiple informative layers, to ensure better management of the city. This contribution illustrates the first step of the survey activities, which represent a preparatory phase for the organization of the digital acquisition campaign, to highlight the structure of current urban development, the divisions in neighborhoods, and the understanding of architectural values, to give guidelines for the enhancement of historical and traditional values of architectural heritage.
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Smirnova, O. "FORMATION OF INNOVATIVE BUILDINGS BY MEANS OF ERGODESIGN IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT." Municipal economy of cities 6, no. 159 (November 27, 2020): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-6-159-103-107.
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The article provides a definition of the concept of "innovative buildings and structures". It was determined that innovative buildings formed using ergo design means are environmental objects (residential, public, industrial and polyfunctional buildings and complexes) intended for organizing processes of different nature, which in interaction form a specific functionally rich architectural and design environment with high ergonomic, psychological and aesthetic characteristics. It has been established that, depending on the conditions of placement in the urban environment, innovative buildings can be represented by local buildings with a small composition of premises, a group of architectural buildings with an increased number of components, a complex of architectural objects. The article discusses the features of the architectural and design formation of innovative buildings and structures as objects of sustainable development of the urban environment. It has been determined that rationally planned innovative buildings and structures are effective if they meet the requirements of environmental protection, reduce energy costs, and provide high environmental and other conditions for urban life. In order to develop methodological foundations for the formation of innovative buildings and structures in the urban environment, the current trends in their architectural and design formation have been identified. The article reveals the techniques of architectural and design formation of interior and exterior spaces of innovative buildings and structures in an urban environment using ergo design means. The means of ergo design, which are used for the architectural and design formation of innovative buildings in the urban environment, have been determined. It has been determined that the inclusion of an integral space in the structure of innovative buildings using ergo design means creates a comfortable multifunctional environment and allows solving a number of tasks. Based on the generalization of the material, the article identifies the main space-planning techniques for the formation of innovative multifunctional buildings using ergo design tools, which affect the creation of a unique individual artistic image of an object in an urban environment.
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Dudka, O. "THE LATEST TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF MODERN PUBLIC CENTERS IN A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." Municipal economy of cities 6, no. 159 (November 27, 2020): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-6-159-78-84.
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The article reveals the latest trends in the modern development of the architecture of public centers in large cities, innovative methods of formation in the urban environment, defines their specificity and requirements, analyzes the features, patterns and modern design solutions in conditions of sustainable development. The relevance of this study is associated with the need for new systemic approaches in the formation of multifunctional facilities, taking into account modern urban planning concepts, which allow the formation of new types of public entities and become an important structural element of the urban environment. Turning to foreign experience in organizing multifunctional public centers, one can find that the main components of the architectural formation are their urban planning and the spatial organization of a favorable architectural environment. It is important to note this aspect: for the formation of large public centers in conditions of sustainable development, the following main trends are characteristic: the formation of a developed spatial organization - an architectural and compositional formation. Also a bright architectural and artistic image - a dominant in the urban environment, integration into the natural landscape - ecological direction of sustainable development, effective functional zoning, well-developed engineering infrastructure and communications. Thus, it has been determined that a multifunctional public center in the structure of a large city is a specific type of architectural object, which is formed into a single complex of spatial and planning elements that organize the core of the social and business life of this city.
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Kozłowska, Izabela, and Eryk Krasucki. "Spaces of Dependence and Emancipation in Architectural and Urban Narration, a Case Study: Plac Żołnierza Polskiego and Plac Solidarności in Szczecin." Arts 10, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts10010019.
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Central and Eastern European countries were subjugated to the Soviet Union in the second half of the 20th century. In this new political environment, defined as the period of dependency, the concept of space gained a new denotation as a space of dependence, in both social and physical terms. The political changes that took place after 1989 enabled these spaces to be emancipated. In this work, we aim to delineate the complex relationship between architecture and politics from the perspective of spaces of dependence and their emancipation. Through a case study of two squares, plac Żołnierza Polskiego (the Square of the Polish Soldier) and plac Solidarności (Solidarity Square) in Szczecin, we gained insights into the processes and strategies that promoted their evolution into spaces of emancipation within architectural and urban narratives. Szczecin’s space of dependence was created by an authoritarian state that had a monopoly on defining architecture and urban planning in the country and the state as a whole. In a process orchestrated by economic factors, as well as the scale of architectural and urban degradation, the squares under discussion have transitioned from spaces of dependency to spaces of emancipation. As a result, an architectural-urban structure characterized by new cultural and identity values has been created.
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Fisher, Christopher T., Anna S. Cohen, Rodrigo Solinis-Casparius, Florencia L. Pezzutti, Jason Bush, Marion Forest, and Andrea Torvinen. "A Typology of Ancient Purépecha (Tarascan) Architecture from Angamuco, Michoacán, Mexico." Latin American Antiquity 30, no. 03 (September 2019): 510–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2019.50.
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The morphological study of architectural features, the building arrangement within urban spaces, and multiscalar variation are critical for understanding urbanism as a process. Building types and architectural typologies form the foundational blocks of urban morphology and are essential for identifying architectural patterning. We use a process-typological approach to present an architectural typology from the ancient Purépecha (Tarascan) city of Angamuco, located in the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin, Michoacán, Mexico. Using archaeological survey, lidar analysis, and excavation, we analyze building foundations from houses and public structures; storage facilities; monumental architecture such as pyramids, altars, and public buildings; and landscape features such as plazas, roads, terraces, and raised roadways locally known as huatziri. Our typology enhances understanding of the dense urban environment of this important prehispanic city during and after the formation of the Purépecha Empire.
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Savchenko, Alexander, and Tatiana Borodina. "Rural Architectural and Planning Forms as a Source of Diversity for Urban Environment (Case Study of Moscow)." European Countryside 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 560–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/euco-2017-0033.
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Abstract Inclusion of specific rural architectural and planning forms in the urban structure of Moscow is analysed. As a theoretical background, theories of Garden-Cities (Howard, 1902), Rural-urban continuum (Sorokin, Zimmerman, 1929), Slow city (Mayer, Knox, 2009) are considered. Inclusion of rural architectural and planning forms is analysed for different structural elements of Moscow’s urban environment – public spaces, industrial areas, residential areas, street and road network. Authors argue that once included into the structure of the city, rural planning and architectural forms do not disappear, but after the termination of the implementation of their parent species and ways of life, which are really related to agriculture and other “non-urban” activities, they are transformed for integration into urban life and the environment, contributing to an increase in their diversity. This pattern can be traced consistently, at least, from the XVIII century.
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GROMILINA, Elvira A. "INDICATES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE ANALYSES." Urban construction and architecture 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2021.02.16.
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This article aims to investigate and compare indicators of sustainable urban development. The modern systems of indicators of sustainable development are considered. Based on the analysis of the approaches, the main indicators of the eff ective and sustainable development of cities have been identifi ed. The author describes two main ratings of Russian regions. According to the results of the study, indicators of sustainable development of the architectural and planning structure of the city are proposed.
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Erzen, Jale. "Buildings speak to us." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 11, no. 2 (2019): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1902227e.
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Starting with a critical view of the general architectural and urban structures of today my paper will present buildings comparable to the body, thus their expression and the meanings they invoke will be presented as a language of form that affect the behavior and psychology of urban residents. Referring to the architectural criticisms of George Bataille, it is argued that the physicality of buildings are valuable insofar as they transcend materiality and lead to symbols and spirituality. Buildings are viewed as presenting different characteristics and attitudes depending on their form. Architecture is also viewed as the product of labour and thus a communal creation that has its roots in the origins of human culture. Each different institution has evolved historically from different senses becoming cultural articulations and resulting in architectures that connect people in enjoyment of shared interests. It is further argued that urban and spatial forms that are confusing as to their boundaries and appertainance can cause confusion and negative reactions. Thus it is important that urban forms' language is positive and clear.
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Omurkanova, A. K. "CONDITION OF THE FORMED ARCHITECTURAL-PLANNING STRUCTURE OF CITIES OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 2-2020 (July 6, 2020): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2020.2.218-222.
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The article presents an analysis of the prevailing architectural and planning structures of the cities of Kyrgyzstan at the present stage of development. The types, character, and direction of development are described. A review of studies and authors who conducted their research on the formation of the planning structure of small and medium-sized cities of Kyrgyzstan is presented. Modern conditions for the development of cities have a strong impact on the state of the architectural and planning structure, in the economic, socio-cultural, environmental and regulatory aspects, which is reflected in the territorial development of the city. The cities of Kyrgyzstan, at the present stage of development of the architectural and planning structure, “outgrew” their administrative borders and formed territorial urban planning systems.
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ANTYUFEEVA, Olga A. "MUSEUM AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEXES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE CITY AS A NEW TREND OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT." Urban construction and architecture 9, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2019.02.6.
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The development of museum and archaeological complexes as public spaces of modern megacities is a new trend of urban development. Beginning the second half of the 20th century, the museum architecture experienced a great transformation. Increasing the level of openness, both to society and to urban space, predetermined the formation of a new scenario for museum activities and a new planning structure. Deep penetration into the environment, a high level of interactivity of modern museums have contributed to the creation of new urban structures - museum neighborhoods and other spatial museum entities. The current trend in the development of modern museums is the increase in the number of so-called environmental museums created on the basis of museum specific monuments, which are the most visited among the total number of museums. These cultural complexes, representing the urban artistic environment, have become part of the public center of the city and set new goals for architectural and town planning development. From the architecture of the museum temple to the new look of the “museum as a city” - such is the transformation of modern museum architecture. The paper analyzes various examples of new forms of exhibiting objects of the archaeological heritage in an urban environment as part of public spaces.
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Cruz, Tiago Trindade. "O desenho digital e as paisagens patrimoniais. Convento da Madre Deus de Monchique, no Porto." Cem, no. 11 (2020): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/2182109711/cema3.
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This article is part of a broader reflection on the digital drawing and new research metho‑ dologies in the History of Architecture. Aiming to reflect on the concept of Heritage Landscape, it starts from the old monastic structure of Monchique, in the city of Porto, as an experimental labora‑ tory for architectural and urban research. It is known that digital technology makes it possible to reconstruct elements from other eras, whose time has transformed or disappeared. In this context, and using digital drawing, the recognition of the built heritage and urban structures is sought through a synchronic and diachronic interpretation, attentive to the different historical periods and their specificities.
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Vigdorovich, O. "Formation of urban planning thinking as one of the priority areas of activity of the Department of Urban Planning and Urbanism." New Collegium 4, no. 102 (December 25, 2020): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/nc.2020.4.81.
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The article covers the history of the creation and development of the Department of Urban Planning and Urbanism of the Kharkov National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture. There is a retrospective of the long-term work of the department staff timed to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the university. The interpretation of the formation of the urban planning format of thinking, as a powerful lever for the training of architects and urban planners, is demonstrated in different areas of scientific, educational, methodological and professional work of the department.
The main task of the pedagogical work of the department was the preparation of specialists of a new formation for work in many areas related to urban planning and architectural design, this is the training of specialists of educational qualification levels "Bachelor" and "Master" in specialty 191 "Architecture and Urban Planning".
Scientific research of the department staff is carried out in the following areas: urban sociology, transport systems, urban ecology, urban systems, streamlining engineering and transport networks of urban systems, urban development management, the introduction of systemic and synergetic approaches in the formation of urban planning systems, rational methods of building and reconstruction of cities and villages in Ukraine.
Within the framework of the topic of improving the architectural environment and urban planning space of modern cities, studies are being carried out on the formation of the planning structure and spatial composition of Kharkov during the period of industrial and post-industrial development and the analysis of the implementation of urban planning concepts in the microdistrict development of Kharkov.
The development of urban planning thinking, as the formation of a special structure of professional consciousness, is one of the main tasks of the work of the team of the Department of Urban Planning and Urbanism of KNUSA.
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Dorigati, Remo. "La grande dimensione: misura e dismisura." TERRITORIO, no. 48 (May 2009): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2009-048002.
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- The "mega structure" just refers to itself and its dimensions are simply related to the relationship between economical and technological issues, while its vitality is supported by mobility flows. The large scale, both on the physical and on the conceptual side, asks to reflect about the traditional paradigms of urban and architectural design, but most of all about the new relationship occurring between planning strategies and architecture. Large size buildings are mainly located in the urban sprawl areas, with efficient infrastructures and weak urban fabric, where integration is quite difficult. Mega structures have always existed - monuments, public buildings or infrastructures - as every culture has raised its own monuments as a demonstration of power through an impressive possibility of dominion on nature, a continuous challenge of man.
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Melnik, N. V., A. Ye Demenko, and M. Mirets. "MODERN ARCHITECTURE IN HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT(CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES)." Problems of theory and history of architecture of Ukraine, no. 20 (May 12, 2020): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2519-4208-2020-20-195-203.
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The article is of a generalizing nature; the authors investigate the problem associated with architectural design in the historical environment. The newly built civilian objects are considered as examples of the organic interaction between “old” and “new” in European cities. The authors’ positions of domestic and foreign professionals regarding the development of the potential of the historical centres of modern cities are considered. In connection with the dynamics of urban growth in the XXI century, the problem of renewal and development of historically established centers arises. Development as a modernization of the historical environment assumes a high-quality level of integration of relevant functions in the unique conditions of authentic urban structures. The cultural aspect of the problem is to solve the main problem of the historical environment -the preservation and protection of the valuable architectural and urban planning heritage. The authors highlight the need for an integrated approach to theproblem and formulation of a development strategy. The experience of Odessa shows the negative results of delay in such matters. Urban space as a living organism presupposes a progressive process of regeneration of both the urban structure and the “tissue” of the city, filling the space and being subordinated to the structure. A scientific approach presupposes discussion, variability and flexibility concerning the protection and development of the historical environment. However, taking into account the whole complex of economic, administrative, and cultural conditions, we can say about two main approaches in relation to the historical architectural environment in Ukraine. One is based on a conservative approach and denies the objects of modern architecture in the historical environment. This approach assumes that a historically formed urban planning formation is an integral urban planning phenomenon and only allows the construction of new objects in historical styles, allows the priority task of restoration and reconstruction of existing objects. Another approach is based on a dialectical approach and allows the introduction into the historical tissue of the city of new objects that meet all progressive achievements of engineering and technology, have modern and current features of the style (stylistic direction). At the same time, an important aspect is the novelty and high aesthetic level of architecture, due to the requirements of modern society. The logic of this approach comes from the very essence ofarchitecture, placed in the classic triad of benefit, strength and beauty. The most important factor that determines the value of the historical core of the city, in particular, the historical centre of Odessa, is the integrity of the historical structure, the interaction of all elements of the architectural complex, and a balanced urban infrastructure. At the same time, the architectural complex consists of objects of different value categories. Some are historical and architectural monuments of the universal, state and local importance. Others are authentic objects of “back-ground” development that contribute to the integrity of the city’s historical tissue. This is the picture that shows a historical accuracy. According to the authors, the scale for determining the objective value of each architectural object in this case is of a relative nature and, to a large extent, in our time is not the primary task of preserving the architectural heritage. The task of an integrated approach to the problem and elaboration of a preservation strategy is a priority task. In recent years, intensive construction has taken place on local fragments of the historical part of the city, which leads to the final destruction of the historical city. In many cases, modern civil engineering works are monotonous and have doubtful cultural qualities, and at the technical level they exacerbate the situation of collapse at the infrastructural level. There is an international, in particular, European experience in solving the problem of the conflict between new and historical in the cities of Germany, Poland, Spain, etc. The destructive cataclysms of the XX century caused great losses to the architectural heritage. The world community has developed norms and rules that allow for a huge number of implementation options in the context of regional features. The problem of a new construction in the historical environment today is not about the question of whether the object is stylized or modernized. The problem is to determine the principles of interaction of the historical environment with new structures, in the degree of “civility” of a new architecture, the ability of the “new” to further develop the potential of urban space.
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Eken, Cemaliye, and Resmiye Alpar Atun. "The Self-Organizing City and the Architecture of Metabolism: An Architectural Critique on Urban Growth and Reorganization." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 5326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195326.
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Over decades, cities have undergone rapid urbanization and uncontrolled urban growth. The need for future cities to operate as adaptable complex systems has generated an interest in the self-organizing resilient city. The main aim of the study is to find ways of conceptualizing self-organizing the resilient city as an emerging field of research for urban design and architectural theory. Based on these assumptions, an integrated relationship between architecture and urban design are seen as potential catalysts for absorbing the uncertainty and disturbances of urban growth and preparing the structure, function, and identity of a city as a self-organizing system that can continuously and freely adapt to changes. The paper seeks to determine the role of architecture in urban design as a main key for facilitating a self-organizing system. A systematic theoretical research method was used to describe resilience theory and self-organizing systems within an adaptive cycle and hierarchical thinking across scales. The study then sought to identify the earliest point that architectural theory conceptualized future cities from the perspective of self-organizing systems. The Metabolism movement was chosen to provide a basis for the discussion of the study. Cities as self-organizing systems need to be considered through cross-scale interactions. For a self-organizing resilient city, the inter-reliance between architecture and urban design drive the main inputs to the system.
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Samol’kina, Elena Grigor’evna. "Wood in the modern architectureof small forms." Vestnik MGSU, no. 5 (May 2015): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2015.5.7-18.
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The modern world dictates severe conditions, involving people in a continuous process of changes in the environment. Active building and construction work, urban densification are rapidly transforming environment, creating a new architectural space with intense impact on people. In this regard, there is much tension around the issue of provision of urban amenities, forming comfortable environment for a full human life. The comfort of the urban environment is determined by a set of visual perception of the constituent elements of this environment: architecture, design, landscape and their harmonious unity with nature. A remarkable component of visual perception, making urban space aesthetically appealing, is small architecture.Small architecture in Russia has always played a special role. Being perceived in the context of space, creating at the same time a certain mood and emotions, small forms diversified architectural environment, making it aesthetically appealing. The question about the direction of urban policy in the field of provision of urban amenities was made in 1921, when the first Congress on improvement of populated areas took place. With this legislation originated overall urban development approach as inseparable system layout of the city, its architectural appearance and landscaping. Architectural workshops developed model projects of small forms with recommendations for improvement, which helped to inexpensively create individual features in urban development. At present, the provision of urban amenities have moved to a new level, becoming more grandscale, capital-intensive.The main requirements for small architectural forms are to create a harmonious space, the fusion of architecture with the natural elements. The most harmonious perception of small architectural forms in the environment is achieved through the use of natural building materials. The use of natural materials in urban environment represents nature, creates a comfortable environment psychologically close to a person. Wood, among other natural materials, has an undoubted advantage. Absolute compatibility, unique design quality, expressive possibilities of the material and its ability to form a comfortable living environment, harmoniously combined with other materials, provide greater demand for wood in modern architecture.In the architecture of small forms wood is used everywhere: on the territories of residential quarters, parks and recreation areas, areas of office and commercial development, road environment, etc. A leading role in shaping the public space belongs to small structures for various functional purposes, such as benches, gazebos, sheds, sports facilities, children’s playgrounds.In the modern wooden architecture of small forms two directions are clearly traced. In the first one there is the desire to escape from the boring similar forms, transforming small architectural forms in art objects representing not only material, but also artistic value. The second direction is based on the centuries-old practice of folk art. Having been formed for centuries folk culture and national traditions fully meet the artistic tastes of the modern society. Summing up, it should be noted that the use of wood in architecture of small forms is a universal solution to shape the ecological framework of the urban environment, which is especially important in solving the problems of the modern city.
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Campos, Inês D. D., and Luís F. A. Bernardo. "Architecture and Steel Prototype in Steel Structure with Equal Angles Steel Profiles, in Greek cross Shape, Applied in an Architectural Project." Designs 4, no. 3 (July 28, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs4030024.
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This is the second of two companion articles which aim to address the research on architecture and steel. In the first article, some architectural projects were analyzed to show the potentiality to conjugate architectural conception and steel structures (in sight), as well as to show the contribution and influence from architectural history. As a result of the previous work, this second article discusses the development of an innovative prototype in steel structure, which constitutes a modular system applied for a single-family housing. In this prototype, steel is part of the design concept, not only as a structural element, but also as an aesthetic element. The needs of contemporary “living” are reinterpreted, considering all the changes and cultural influences due to globalization, compared with the living in Portuguese popular architecture, with its simplistic character and minimal spaces, and referring to a place. The proposed modular system, which is applied repeatedly, shows a huge potential for reorganizing, in a short period of time, urban areas with housing shortages in cases of emergency, while respecting population needs and providing construction quality. This Prototype Model, which combines the architectural concept with the lightweight character of steel structures, aims to provide an “other” way of “living”. It transmits “harmony” both in the experience of the interior space and in its relationship with the outer space, respecting the cultural references. In this study, the prototype is applied to popular Portuguese schist architecture, combining the basic structuring idea and the way how the project develops for the application of the conceptual and constructive process, thus relating two periods of architecture.
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Chapman, Michael, Hedda Haugen Askland, Justine Chambers, and Ramsey Awad. "Architecture and Ethnography: Preliminary Reflections on the Structure and Organization of Architectural Practice." International Journal of Design Management and Professional Practice 10, no. 2 (2016): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-162x/cgp/v10i02/11-18.
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Shkliar, Svitlana. "FEATURES AND PROSPECTS OF REORGANIZATION OF DEPRESSED TERRITORIES IN THE STRUCTURE OF MODERN CITIES." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 58 (November 30, 2020): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2020.58.192-201.
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The paper examines the features, main problems and prospects of reorganization of depressed areas in the structure of modern cities of Ukraine. The possibility of a comprehensive solution to the problems of a deficit of territorial resources in the structure of the city and reorganization of the architectural environment of urban depressed areas is analyzed. The definition of the depressed city territory is proposed. A classification of depressed territories is being developed and the main types of depressed territories in large and largest cities of Ukraine are identified: depressed industrial territories (inactive or ineffective) and territories with a complex and disturbed relief. The tasks of reorganizing the architectural environment of depressed territories are determined: socio-economic, ecological and aesthetic (architectural and artistic). The levels of reorganization of the architectural environment of depressed territories (city-wide and local) and the corresponding complex of architectural and urban planning measures are identified. A definition of the concept of the aggregate potential of a depressed territory is given and the main characteristics are identified, according to which it can be assessed. The features of the aggregate potential of various types of urban depressed areas are revealed. The possibilities of their adaptation to new socio-economic conditions and transformation into modern architectural or landscape complexes are analyzed. It is established that the level of the aggregate potential of the depressed territory and the feasibility of their reorganization directly depend on their location in the city structure and the initial functional purpose. A method for assessing the level of the aggregate potential of various types of depressed areas is proposed. This method is based on calculating points that determine the degree of influence of various factors from the general complex of the main characteristics of the architectural environment of a depressed territory. A general scheme for reorganizing the architectural environment of depressed territories in the structure of modern cities is being developed, based on the main theoretical provisions of this study.
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Andric, Snezana, Milica Jovanovic-Popovic, and Nikola Macut. "Development for CO2 emissions reduction by the use of solar thermal collectors in the process of urban planning." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 4 (2018): 1249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170601222a.
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Using RES is one of the most important characteristics of the sustainable and resilient development. Nowadays, need to minimize CO2 emissions is obligatory, especially in the sector of urban and architectural planning, since in Serbia approximately 50% of produced energy is spent in buildings. The CO2 emission, in urban structures, can and must be reduced at the different levels: building level, block, and city level. For the city of Kragujevac, based on urban parameters defined in General Urban Plan, typical urban block was chosen and typical building structure developed. Calculation were made, based on recommendations developed by the Ministry of mining and energy and Serbian regulations, for the energy needed for domestic hot water preparation. In this paper, the influences of architectural and urban parameters on the use of solar thermal collectors at the typical building and urban block level is investigated. Recommendations are prepared for principles of urban and architectural design in order to enable the use of collectors for domestic hot water preparation and in that way CO2 emission reduction. Developed methodology for the city of Kragujevac can be applied in defining design principles in whole the country and Balkans region, not only for the use of solar thermal collectors but also for the use of other RES.
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Тумасов, Александр, Ольга Волк, and Olga Volk. "Monuments on the planning structure ensembles of the Novocherkassk." Construction and Architecture 4, no. 4 (December 16, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22339.
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An important role in shaping the architectural and artistic image of the city have a monumental sculpture. The article analyzes the compositional principles of inclusion monuments in the spatial environment of the city. The analysis of individual fragments of urban space Novocherkassk enriched plastic elements. Based on the analysis the negative patterns of switching sites in the urban environment in recent years.
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Igolkin, N. "ARCHITECTURE OF MURMANSK IN THE 1930s-1950s." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, no. 2 (March 5, 2021): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-2-60-72.
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The article is a continuation of the research devoted to the development of the spatial -planning structure of Murmansk in the 1920s – 1950s. The stages of development of architecture and the logic of its historical development are determined on the basis of an analysis of the stages of development of the urban structure, the historically established urban planning situation and the archival documents of Murmansk. The article describes the specifics and defines the stylistic features of the Murmansk architecture of the identified periods on the example of characteristic buildings on separate segments of the main city highway – Lenin Prospekt. A brief architectural analysis of the buildings that are valuable elements of the spatial-planning structure of the historical center of Murmansk is carried out: spatial, stylistic dominants and accents, plastic accents. The objects under consideration form the planning units, the street rhythm and the building. To identify the specificity and value characteristics of Murmansk architecture, a brief comparison of the compositional techniques and stylistics of the buildings of Murmansk and Leningrad in the 1930s - 1950s is carried out. The contribution of Leningrad architects to the design of Murmansk and the formation of its spatial and planning structure and architectural appearance is noted. The article contains schematic diagrams of separate segments of the building, photographic materials, archival photographs and documents.
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Mazzetto, Silvia. "Heritage Restoration as a Tool to Promote Architectural Identity in the Gulf Regions." Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture 47, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2017-0015.
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AbstractRecently most of the Gulf countries have had significant urban development, with innovative architecture, as a result of the production of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in many places in the world. This has generated an unprecedented construction boom in the cities and the surrounding areas.Despite their rather short urban history, the Gulf States have recently launched several signatures mega-projects, where public investments are developing an urban structure of a global dimension. Affecting the direction of the rapid urbanization is a permanent tension between the creation of a new, modern cultural identity and the promotion of traditional architecture. One aim is to establish new connections with local history and cultural traditions.To reveal the challenge of the construction of a new architectural identity in the Arab emerging cities, this paper focuses on the action needed to preserve historical, cultural, traditional, and architectural heritage, with the aim of filling the gaps of knowledge and encouraging new research in the fields of restoration and conservation that will lead to future practical implementation.The paper also calls for a fresh look at the tradition, modernity, and identity, by outlining a number of aspects related to the current status of architectural heritage conservation in some Arab cities. Traditional culture, ancient architectural constructions, and vernacular architecture are the result of historical processes and products of Arab societies. Understanding this is an indispensable tool for the comprehension of the Arab modern cities, a knowledge which can influence their future expansion and revitalization, and the shaping of a new architectural identity in these areas. In the Arab regions, restoration methodologies also need to be defined and implemented with the aim of preserving cultural heritage and raising the conservation and restoration research profile among the international research community.
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Tokarev, A. G. "ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING OF RESIDENTIAL SETTLEMENT OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETY “TRAMVAYSHCHIK” IN ROSTOV-ON-DON." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 22, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2020-22-1-44-52.
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The article describes the planning structure and architecture of one of the first residential settlements built after the Civil War in Rostov-on-Don, the cooperative society “Tramvayshchik”. Step-by-step changes in Rostov occurred in the 1920s. Almost each architectural project of the mid-1920s is characterized by the traditional dependence on spatial planning, a regular development of residential settlements with buildings around the perimeter, with conventional differentiation of urban spaces into utilitarian and festive. It is demonstrated that planning solutions of the residential settlements are a combination of both traditional and popular principles of ribbon development with drastic urban decompaction and site landscaping. Planning of residential buildings is strongly influenced by Art Nouveau and Neo-classical architecture. It is concluded that the construction site and the existing patterns of spatial and visual thinking are a sort of significant formative factors here; the residential settlements are a synthesis of the old and new traditions in architectural and urban development during the transition period of the mid-1920s.
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Borsi, Katharina. "The 'Hobrecht plan' and the emergence of the urban." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 10, no. 1 (2018): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1801047b.
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James Hobrecht's Berlin extension plan of 1862 and its architectural component, the Berlin block, continue to define Berlin's current urban structure. The urban structure which these graphic documents helped to deliver persisted despite being rejected through much of the twentieth century. Despite its significance, research on the Hobrecht plan is scarce, and many interpret the plan through its historical context. By contrast, this paper argues that the Berlin block cannot be reduced to representations through its urban plan and architectural component. Instead, they provide a specific urban rationality that poses the question: What is a city? Françoise Choay identified a new urban figure in Ildefonso Cerdá's urban theories, a figure that comes to underlie subsequent theorisations of the urban. The paper argues that the Hobrecht plan and its component block can be read as the graphic and spatial counterpart to Choay's textual figure of the urban.
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Fedorov, Viktor Vladimirovich, Mikhail Viktorovich Fedorov, and Dmitry Aleksandrovich Hanygin. "Visual Semiotics of Inequality in the Structure of an Architectural Text." Ethnic Culture, no. 2 (3) (June 20, 2020): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-74906.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of the architectural environment as a form of materialization of social existence. It is noted that the architectural text of a large city contains special subject and spatial inclusions – loci of power. The article focuses on the relations of topological segregation – the disproportionate distribution of structural elements in the space of a populated place. This is a set of obstacles in choosing a place, and at the same time a condition for the formation of a social hierarchy of urban spaces. Methods. In the course of the work, the problem and thematic, structural and functional and comparative and historical methods to identify basic concepts of architectural spaces of power were applied. Results. It is shown that social inequality and topological segregation occur in the city in a “natural” way, since it embodies various facets of inequality inherent in society. The typology of constantly reproducible principles of organization of architectural objects and spaces of power such as monumentality, static character, conciseness, verticality, hierarchy, the presence of a central structure, tradition, consistency, syncretism is clarified. It is shown that the emerging signs of inequality, embodied in architectural and urban planning decisions, participate in the formation of the social structure, reproduce and transform its value and semantic content. The basic principles of the organization of architectural objects and spaces of power are considered. Models for implementing these principles in the process of creating new loci of power are proposed. It is concluded that the hypothesis put forward by the authors that loci of power are the spatial embodiment of complex mechanisms for maintaining the dynamic balance of the social system is confirmed by the results of research on the semiotics of inequality in the structure of the architectural text.
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Milasinovic-Maric, Dijana. "Housing development in the 1950s in Serbia-typical examples of residential blocks built in Belgrade." Spatium, no. 28 (2012): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1228030m.
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To date, the Serbian architecture of the nineteen-fifties has not yet been more comprehensively studied albeit the fact that there are sufficient sources, data, literature, and structures built at that time. The reason for the lack of interest in architecture of that period may be found in the relationship between the non-understanding and insufficient valuation of architectural results of the modern architecture of the time, but also in the general opinion that the immediate postwar years were the time of a poor social housing development, which is also characterized by the lack of distinct architectural values. Furthermore, there has been an obvious unreadiness to analyze in more detail and in time distance the subject of the sociorealistic construction, which was also partially present in this period. After a short period of the so-called Socio-Realism 1945-1950, characterized by reconstruction of the war devastated country with extensive participation of youth brigades, the housing construction in particular got a big boost, considering the changes in population structure, as well as the fact that a significant portion of population moved from rural areas to towns. The subject decade of the newly established socialist society was, in every respect, marked with upward path of economic, political and social development, which was an important base for overall architectural and cultural construction. This was the time when Serbian architects of different generations created a great number of works, which were diverse in they contents. The architects of older generation often created their most important works, while young architects, looking into future, but also into own architectural heritage and accomplishments, achieved their first significant results, thus generating autochthonous architectural trend and expression which would soon be recognized as the Belgrade School of Architecture. In the conditions in which the Serbian architecture developed, it actually meant fitting within the world development trends along with preservation of own and regional specificities.
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Ghasemzadeh, Behnam. "FRAMEWORK – ARCHITECTURE IN IRANIAN MINIATURES." Revista Europeia de Estudos Artisticos 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2013): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37334/eras.v5i1.100.
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The objective of this research is to discuss the problem of how architectural spaces exist and attend in Iranian miniatures. That is professional way and planning to encounter particular and valuable architecture that today there is in Iranian miniatures. This study with the aim of identifying framework Structure of conducted architecture and reference to articles, professional resources and survey has attempted to provide an appropriate field for understanding the reason and logic about this valuable architecture. This Structure has been formulated, after identifying miniatures in the first stage and analyzing their contents in the second stage. Among the results gained after miniatures analysis: architecture functionality beyond its social meaning, scale independence of the building and human scale of the buildings, simultaneous images of inside and outside space and special idealism can be mentioned. The results of this study can be considered in architectural planning and urban development of Iran, and can pave the way of future researches.
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Dobraszczyk, Paul. "Victorian Market Halls, Ornamental Iron and Civic Intent." Architectural History 55 (2012): 173–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00000095.
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This article focuses on the relationship between ornamental iron and the civic in British market halls, a subject which has been overlooked in the existing literature on their architectural development. Like many other forms of nineteenth-century retail architecture — shops, bazaars, arcades and department stores — market halls embraced the new architectural possibilities suggested by iron: increased floor-spans were made possible by wrought-iron joists, which could span greater distances than timber ones; the strength of cast-iron columns allowed larger openings in the external walls; and the increased availability and lower cost of glass meant that these openings could be glazed, allowing greater visibility of commodities. Yet, unlike much Victorian retail architecture, which was usually privately financed, market halls were explicitly articulated as public spaces. As such, there were problems in assimilating iron-and-glass structures into established notions of public architecture. In 1878, The Building News, in a discussion of London’s market buildings, argued that they should be ‘different from huge railway sheds and Crystal Palaces’ because their status as public buildings required some form of ‘artistic’ treatment. For many architects of market halls — in common with other new building types in the Victorian period, such as pumping stations, railway stations, exhibition halls and warehouses — the solution lay in a dual architectural identity: an exterior structure built in conventional building materials such as stone and brick, harmonizing with existing urban architecture; and an interior space supported by an independent iron-and-glass structure.
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Mačiulis, Algimantas. "ONE MORE DISCUSSION ABOUT “ARCHITECTURAL HILLS“ OF THE CAPITAL OF VILNIUS." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 30, no. 4 (December 31, 2006): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2006.10697078.
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The problem of high-rise buildings in the capital of Vilnius is discussed. The question is whether the natural and urban-architectural structure of Vilnius city, its silhouetteand panorama, the harmony of urbanized and natural territories, of the old and new architecture are not disturbed. The author mantains that the city silhouette and panoramas change, and it is impossible to preserve the historic city elements as unchanged values. The statements of various specialists on this issue are presented in the paper. First of all it is said that a harmonious context is the main criterion of aesthetic architecture nowadays. The idea of the soviet period in Lithuania of creating the conception of “architectural hills“ is discussed.
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Zagroba, Marek, Katarzyna Pawlewicz, and Adam Senetra. "Analysis and Evaluation of the Spatial Structure of Cittaslow Towns on the Example of Selected Regions in Central Italy and North-Eastern Poland." Land 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080780.
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Cittaslow International promotes harmonious development of small towns based on sustainable relationships between economic growth, protection of local traditions, cultural heritage and the environment, and an improvement in the quality of local life. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the differences and similarities in the spatial structure of Cittaslow towns in the Italian regions of Tuscany and Umbria and the Polish region of Warmia and Mazury. The study examined historical towns which are situated in different parts of Europe and have evolved in different cultural and natural environments. The presented research attempts to determine whether the spatial structure of historical towns established in different European regions promotes the dissemination of the Cittaslow philosophy and the adoption of sustainable development principles. The urban design, architectural features and the composition of urban and architectural factors which are largely responsible for perceptions of multi-dimensional space were evaluated. These goals were achieved with the use of a self-designed research method which supported a subjective evaluation of spatial structure defined by historical urban planning and architectural solutions. The study demonstrated that Medieval urban layouts can be successfully incorporated into the modern urban fabric to promote sustainable development and slow living.
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López-Chao, Vicente, and Antonio Amado Lorenzo. "Architectural Graphics Research: Topics and Trends through Cluster and Map Network Analyses." Symmetry 12, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12121936.
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Graphic representation is a fundamental language in architecture and engineering because it facilitates the communication of any type of information. Therefore, professionals and students need continuous and updated training, with scientific references being the best source of knowledge. However, accessing the latest findings is a complex process for people in the professional world or without an extensive research background since there are no specific filters in the databases, such as architectural graphics. This manuscript aims to define the research topics and trends in architectural graphics as a point of reference for novel professors and new researchers in graphics or drawing. A database on the Scopus-indexed scientific production of the professors of architectural graphics from public architecture schools in Spain has been developed. Furthermore, cluster and map network analyses have been performed using VOSviewer with different levels of co-occurrence to define what this group of academics investigates and how the issues are related. The results evidenced a structure in four categories: the philosophy and theory of architectural graphics, the theory of geometry in architectural heritage, the application of digital graphics in architecture education and urban design management. Research gaps are mentioned and a base framework for the future of research in architectural graphics is proposed.
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Tesler, Nadezhda. "Evolution of medical architecture." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817003015.
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This article deals with the history of medical architecture development in Russia and abroad. Numerous examples of buildings of healthcare facilities, from ancient times to the present day, are given. Buildings of hospitals and clinics were erected in the architectural traditions then prevailing. Features of healthcare facilities, which determine their architectural concept, are: type and purpose of the healthcare facility, scope and structure of medical services, location in the urban environment, architectural environment, etc. When designing the construction and reconstruction of hospitals and outpatient clinics, parameters of wards, doctor’s offices, procedure and administrative premises shall be taken into account. Special attention shall be paid to requirements to surgical theaters, intensive care units and other facilities with sophisticated equipment and numerous utilities.
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Gražulevičiutė-Vileniškė, Indrė, and Vilius Urbonas. "SOCIAL AND ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS OF REVITALIZATION OF HISTORIC URBAN CENTERS: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 3 (June 30, 2010): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.051.
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The structure and architecture of many European cities has started their development during the Middle Ages or even earlier. The historic cores gradually had become centers of contemporary cities and are constantly evolving. They are affected by the tendencies of destruction, initiatives and movements of preservation are also taking place there. The comprehensive works of rehabilitation of Lithuanian historic urban centers were carried out during the period of soviet occupation. The insularity of the Soviet empire, ideological reasons and the absence of the private property has determined certain architectural expressions and solutions for the social problems. After the restoration of the country‘s independence the problems and tendencies typical to Western city centers, such as commercialization and gentrification, started to appear in Lithuanian historic urban cores. This justifies the aim of the article which is to analyze the tendencies of revitalization of historic city centers in Western countries with the main attention to the social and architectural aspects.
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M.N., Nabiev, and Mirzaolimov A. "Greening And Landscaping Of The City Streets." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 05 (May 31, 2021): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue05-38.
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Landscape architectural objects, such as architectural and urban planning objects, cannot be realized without a project. The beauty and splendor of our cities and villages will apply not only to the architecture of buildings and structures under construction, but also to the architecture of open spaces, ie landscape architecture, to the design of objects. It should be noted that the appearance of trees and shrubs, which are recommended as green plants, is carefully selected, and it is not just a matter of adapting the plants to local natural conditions.
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KOSENKOVA, Natalya A., Denis Vladimirovich LITVINOV, and Elizaveta V. KOSENKOVA. "RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE HISTORICALLY FORMED URBAN PLANNING DOMINANTS." Urban construction and architecture 9, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2019.04.14.
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The urban planning history of Samara and the features of the formation of its planning structure are considered. The main historical periods in the history of the development of the city are revealed. The structural features of the pre-regular, regular city are considered, the main historical areas are investigated. The role of urban squares in modern Samara is analyzed. Based on the defi nition of the term architectural dominant, several main classifi cations of architectural dominants are given, and Samara’s historical dominants are identifi ed. The role of the main architectural dominants in the formation of the urban environment, historical and modern, and the transformation of this role with the growth and development of the city are examined in detail. The infl uence of later development on the historical dominants of the city is revealed.
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Nazaruk, Mykola. "ARCHITECTURE OF THE RAILWAY STATIONS HOLOBY AND KOVEL IN THE WORK OF O. M. VERBYTSKYI." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 59 (March 1, 2021): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.59.80-88.
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Annotation text. Architecture of the late XIX – early ХХ century causes great interest in researchers. At this time, railways and railway stations were actively built all over the world. At this time also, a new architectural style, called Art Nouveau, has distributed around the world. The representative of this style in Ukraine is the architect O. M. Verbytskyi, whose work is largely reflected in the architecture of railway station complexes.
Today, the question arises of restoring the original appearance of historic architectural objects, including railway stations. Therefore, the research of history railway, and also the research of town-planning, planning, volume-spatial structure and stylistics of the railway station complexes as a type of buildings are relevant in the framework of historical and architectural researches of Volhynia in the second half of XIX – early ХХ century.
The research methodology is based on general (observation, comparative analysis, etc.), interdisciplinary (structuring, classification, etc.) and disciplinary, that inlude architectural and town-planning (analysis of the urban situation, functional structure and morphology of individual buildings and their complexes) research methods.
Holoby and Kovel railway stations are original and exquisite buildings by their architecture.
The volume-spatial solutions of the Holoby and Kovel railway stations are characterized by the following features: innovation, architectural expressiveness, boldness of compositional solutions, combination of curvilinear forms with rectilinear ones, Art Nouveau style.
The article deals with the history of creation, planning structure, volume-spatial composition and stylistics of the railway stations Holoby and Kovel, which are designed by the outstanding Ukrainian architect O. M. Verbytskyi and built in the beginning of the ХХ century.
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Alhusban, Ahmad A., Safa A. Alhusban, and Yamen N. Al-Betawi. "Assessing the impact of urban Syrian refugees on the urban fabric of Al Mafraq city architecturally and socially." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 10, no. 2/3 (September 6, 2019): 99–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-09-2018-0039.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the direct and indirect impacts of urban Syrian refugees on the residential urban fabric of Al Mafraq city physically and socially. Physically means regarding architectural style and socially means regarding social cohesion and sense of community. Therefore, the research questions are: What are the main source of tensions between the urban Syrian refugees and Al Mafraq host community that hinders the social cohesion? And what is the impact of the urban Syrian refugees on Al Mafraq city socially and architecturally? Design/methodology/approach Different research methods were used to explore and provide a rich description of the direct and indirect impacts of urban Syrian refugees on Al Mafraq city architecturally and socially. Desk reviews, focus group discussions and semi-structured individual in-depth interviews were used to explore the social impact of the Syrian refugees on Al Mafraq city. In addition, a qualitative comparative analysis was used to explore their impact on architectural style and urban sprawl. Findings The results show that changes have occurred on the character of the residential environment resulting in a conversion about the urban fabric of Al Mafraq city both physically, in regard to architectural style, and socially, regarding social cohesion and sense of community. Physically, the city suffers from a decline in the uniformity of the built environment, resulting in a partial loss of its identity as a homogenous place with calm, cohesive residential neighborhoods. On the other hand, the social fabric of the city is losing its homogeneity and solidarity, causing a decline in the sense of community, social cohesion and levels of trust, and a rise in the social tension leading to severe conflicts among community members. Practical implications The different stakeholders should express high concern for the different sources of tensions between the urban Syrian refugee and Al Mafraq host community. They should foster formal and informal communication and promote dialogue between the two communities to improve social relations and reduce the tension between them. The consequences of Syrian asylum on hosting countries present an issue that has been vastly studied by several scholars and international agencies. Research, reports and surveys all denote the negative impact of refugees, especially in cases where resources are scarce, as is the case with Jordan. As a part of such consequences, Al Mafraq city is moving in the wrong direction as a result of the increasing flow of refugees. Originality/value The current discourse about the influence of urban refugees on social and architectural style among host communities lacks veracity. Therefore, the significance of this research is offering an alternative academic view to enrich current knowledge and encourage further discourse research about urban refugees. In addition, this research is a comprehensive and double focused, not just on social inclusion and tensions but on urban environment and architecture. This research is useful for architects, urban designers and planners, sociologists, policymakers and humanitarian and peace-building practitioners in the urban non-camp complex emergency setting.