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1
Cuff, D. "The Social Production of Built Form." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 7, no. 4 (1989): 433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d070433.
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The social production of built form can be characterized by three ideal types: vernacular building, organizational management, and creative individual. An ethnography of contemporary architectural practice in the USA portrays an alternative model of the design process as a social construction, comprised of dilemmas which, once resolved, pose new contradictions. An analysis of three case studies of buildings with design quality reveals that design participants invoke a series of dialectical strategies to respond to the uncertainties and contradictions of the situation. These strategies, introduced by quotations from the buildings' makers, are described in contrast to the approaches taken by participants in everyday design practice. The production of the built environment is seen as a complex, interactive, social process which is formative, constructed out of a loosely orchestrated constellation of key individuals in organizations, who together develop design solutions.
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Dr. Yasira Naeem Pasha and Shahla Adnan. "Architectural Education as Interface between Culture and Built Environment." Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment 2, no. 2 (2019): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jaab.22.03.
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The main focus of this paper is the discussion about non-coherent appearance of built environment in Pakistan that does not reflect the culture of society, but external influences more than natives. Being a part of a larger territory in yester centuries, the country is influenced heavily by external factors and deliberated efforts for “modernization” since after a decade of independence in 1947. Many parts of the subcontinent including India and Pakistan are influenced by Modernist trends in architecture that are evident in the built environment. The probability of inclusion of many diversified attributes of culture over a considerable period of time has been increased. It is therefore important to discuss the most relevant possibilities through which these influences were adopted and then were translated in the built environment. These influences are assumed to be translated through the taught content in the architectural education in the country.
 The paper also discusses the relationship of three entities; Culture, Built Environment and Architectural Education. It takes into account some examples of residences from Pakistan to analyze the interfacing capacity of culture and built environment. It adopts the methodology of qualitative study through literature and evidences from some cities of Pakistan to seek the validity of argument. It also relates the role of curriculum driven architectural education in the process of built environment. The findings reveal that the existing form of culture has grasped external influences in a subtle manner adopting a new form which appears as non-coherent to the generally perceived one. The role of architectural education in this regard holds a pivotal position in relation to the built environment. The findings established also connote architectural education as the interfacing factor of culture and built environment.
3
Pasha, Yasira Naeem, and Shahla Adnan. "Architectural Education as Interface between Culture and Built Environment." Journal of Art Architecture and Built Environment 2, no. 2 (2019): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.22.03.
Full textAbstract:
The main focus of this paper is the discussion about non-coherent appearance of built environment in Pakistan that does not reflect the culture of society, but external influences more than natives. Being a part of a larger territory in yester centuries, the country is influenced heavily by external factors and deliberated efforts for “modernization” since after a decade of independence in 1947. Many parts of the subcontinent including India and Pakistan are influenced by Modernist trends in architecture that are evident in the built environment. The probability of inclusion of many diversified attributes of culture over a considerable period of time has been increased. It is therefore important to discuss the most relevant possibilities through which these influences were adopted and then were translated in the built environment. These influences are assumed to be translated through the taught content in the architectural education in the country. The paper also discusses the relationship of three entities; Culture, Built Environment and Architectural Education. It takes into account some examples of residences from Pakistan to analyze the interfacing capacity of culture and built environment. It adopts the methodology of qualitative study through literature and evidences from some cities of Pakistan to seek the validity of argument. It also relates the role of curriculum driven architectural education in the process of built environment. The findings reveal that the existing form of culture has grasped external influences in a subtle manner adopting a new form which appears as non-coherent to the generally perceived one. The role of architectural education in this regard holds a pivotal position in relation to the built environment. The findings established also connote architectural education as the interfacing factor of culture and built environment.
4
A, Adeyemo Ajibade, Ezema Isidore C., Tongo, Samuel O., and Awotungase S.A. "Socio-Physical Characterization of Architectural Spaces and Traditional Built-Forms of Yoruba Settlement In Southwest Nigeria." Indian Journal of Agriculture Engineering 1, no. 1 (2021): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijae.a1505.051121.
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This paper examined the socio-physical characterization of indigenous architectural spaces of built-form of Yoruba settlement in southwest Nigeria using sign and symbols. Data were gathered qualitatively, and participant observations, interviews and extensive desktop research were involved. The study found that the sign, symbols of people is directly correlated to their built-form and that their architecture depicts, culture in terms of homage, food, hospitality, and cultural security, this were found through built-form in the study area. The study further established that spaces offer a stronghold of cultural values as houses in the architecture as well as names of the spaces thus communicating their cultures in terms of feelings, form, sharp. The study recommends the needs for cultural embracement and archiving of all words and symbol relevant to built-form in the study area.
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Clarke, Nicholas, Marieke Kuipers, and Sara Stroux. "Embedding built heritage values in architectural design education." International Journal of Technology and Design Education 30, no. 5 (2019): 867–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10798-019-09534-4.
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Abstract Continuity and change have become crucial themes for the built environment and heritage buildings; also in the education and practice of architects. Embedding built heritage values into studio-based design education is a daunting new challenge that demands new didactic perspectives and tools. To address the dilemmas that come with design assignments for adaptive reuse, an experiment with new didactic analytical tools has been conducted in the Heritage & Architecture (H&A) architectural design studios at the Delft University of Technology. The analysis attempts to connect matter—physical structures—and meaning in a structured graphical process through predefined mapping exercises. Our aim is to introduce a step-by-step method for exploration that can form the foundation of values-based design from built heritage. Central to our multifaceted approach is a specially developed matrix that is meant to support design-oriented analysis of heritage buildings. This paper situates the H&A perspective on the adaptive reuse of valorised buildings within the heritage discourse and architectural design education in general and further gives insight into the didactics, the tools, their uses and initial results. After a critical reflection on our points of departure, based in an evaluation of results, peer discussion and student evaluation, we conclude that the applied methodology is instructive to the educational goals but also merits further development. One of the lessons learnt for future teaching includes allowing students freedom to discover values themselves. An important conclusion is that an earlier and broader foundation that engages the continuation of tangible and intangible heritage values in the ever-changing built environment is required in architectural educational practice.
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Stojanovic, Djordje. "The promise of performative: Relational, genetic and scripted models in architectural design." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 11, no. 1 (2013): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1301047s.
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This paper investigates the role of performative models within the context of architectural design. Understanding the performances of the built environment can be postulated in rather different manners. It is commonly expected that the built environment complies with the diverse and changing requirements of its users. It is equally required that buildings are economically constructed, easily maintained, energy efficient, safe and aesthetically pleasing. Yet, such expectations are complex and consist of a great number of intertwined effects that are not easy to synchronize during architectural design process. Although they can be precisely evaluated and quantitatively expressed, the values specifying the performances, such as temperature, humidity and intensity of light or sound, in traditionally established course of architectural design are usually only considered throughout the post-rationalization or correction of the architectural design. The research presented in this paper explores design mechanisms, for direct and formative incorporation of feedback information into the very conception of architectural form.
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Golański, Michał. "Contemporary wooden architecture in search of free form." Budownictwo i Architektura 16, no. 4 (2018): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_17_164_10.
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Creation of modern architecture in accordance with the precepts of sustainable development requires an integrated and synergistic design for both new-built and refurbished buildings. The buildings should demonstrate not only the aesthetics, functionality and durability but also have harmless impact on the environment, be effective in material and energy consumption and take into account any risk factors from the point of view of human life and health. Wood, one of the oldest construction materials used by man is present in the built environment from the beginning of the history of architecture. Modernism was characterized by the gradual displacement of wood by other building materials: ceramics, concrete and steel. Physical properties, ease of shaping and effortless process of production, combined with the exceptional ecological potential of wood make wooden structures are widespread again after a period of relative contraction. Creating complex forms in the contemporary architecture and the development of digital design tools coupled with computer technology and CNC woodworking give designers new possibilities for shaping architectural forms. Curvilinear architecture (free form design) rejects Cartesian geometry and conventional language of Euclidean shapes. This article analyzes architectural structures characterized by curvilinear forms and the use of wood as a building material of construction.
8
Darwent, John, James M. Savelle, Christyann M. Darwent, et al. "LATE DORSET TRIANGULAR MIDPASSAGES IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC AND NORTHWEST GREENLAND: ORIGINS AND DISPERSAL." American Antiquity 83, no. 3 (2018): 525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2018.18.
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Midpassages are the most recognizable architectural feature associated with the entire Paleoeskimo period (2800 BC–AD 1300) in the Canadian and Greenlandic Arctic. Usually built of stone, midpassages are rectangular-shaped axial structures that run through the center of tent rings and semisubterranean house depressions. However, a unique triangular form of midpassage developed in association with the Late Dorset complex in the Boothia Peninsula area of the Canadian Arctic around AD 400. Unlike the rectangular-shaped varieties that were built contemporaneously across the Arctic, distribution of the triangular form is limited, and occurrences are rare. Initially, construction appears restricted to the Boothia Peninsula region, where the form persisted for the subsequent 400 years. After AD 900, they are found in Inglefield Land, Greenland, and a few other locations in the Canadian Arctic where they continued to be built until around AD 1200, representing an over 800-year period in a remarkably unvarying configuration. Further, these triangular midpassage structures very likely represent a regional architectural variant that moved northward with the Late Dorset diaspora after AD 800.
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Khalid, Asma. "Passive Design, Urban-Rural Architectural Morphology for Subtropics." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 3 (2020): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n3p376.
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Built environment is a function of man-made setting, surroundings, conditions which is the center of human activity in architectural places. The integration of nature into the built environment determines the urban or the rural form of settlements. The present research aims to specify architectural morphology of sub-tropical region through a case analysis of the situation in Pakistan. The field study analyses the existing housing stock in Pakistan, in urban settings and as a result of vernacular traditions in the villages. The paper identifies the regional characteristic behaviour of highland, lowland, coastal and arid region. It gives an overview of the current urban housing situation in Pakistan. It discusses the type of housing unit, the occupant behaviour, lifestyle of the people, It also identifies the pattern of energy used within the residential buildings of Pakistan. The architectural planning in urban and rural regions, their long term passive design techniques to cope with the climate challenges of a particular area have been discussed in detail. The paper recommend some contextual and adapted passive features of vernacular architecture in urban houses. 
 Keywords: Architectural-morphology, Urban, Housing, Vernacular, Passive Design, Built Environment
10
Tran, Duc. "Organicism and an enviro-organic form integrating to the built environment." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819304008.
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This research intends to the understanding of organicism as the historic source of architectural forms. Organic architecture acts as a junction between humans and nature, where humans are seen as parts of nature. Through organicism as an apparatus, designers are able to respond to nature in such manner that humans are more intimately bound into the entirety of nature to form an organic whole. A new term “enviro-organic” is proposed in this research. Enviro-organic form extends prior definitions of organic architecture, which are of greater relevance today. Such form is defined as one that opens to the natural world, facilitating the making of architecture that sustains human life and nature today and in the future.
11
GUO, QINGHUA. "Changchun: unfinished capital planning of Manzhouguo, 1932–42." Urban History 31, no. 1 (2004): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926804001804.
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The rise and decline of Changchun is examined focusing on its urban character in terms of symbolic identity and built form. Based on an analysis of physical characteristics of the urban fabric and architectural forms of the state buildings, the study explores and identifies the ideological underpinnings of city planning and the methodological sources of architectural design to understand how the city was shaped and why.
12
Kupriyanova, Elena. "Architectural drawing as a method of graphic modeling that forms the professional mentality of a student-architect." E3S Web of Conferences 281 (2021): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128102021.
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The article presents the results of such phenomena as the drawing of an architect and architectural drawing, theoretical approaches and methods of forming project mentality by a student - architect through drawing, analysis of the teaching drawing method to future architects of leading Russian universities, built on projective mentality and analytical drawing from nature and by representation. The examples of some tasks on architectural drawing that form the design mentality of the future architect and the skills of graphic modeling of the architectural space geometry are given.
13
Pozorski, Shelia, and Thomas Pozorski. "The Square-Room Unit as an Emblem of Power and Authority within the Initial Period Sechín Alto Polity, Casma Valley, Peru." Latin American Antiquity 22, no. 4 (2011): 427–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.22.4.427.
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AbstractSome 3,500 years ago, the Sechín Alto Polity built large, precisely planned cities, one of which contained the largest structures in the New World at that time. Such accomplishments reflect strong, enduring leadership, and we propose that the power and leadership role of these leaders was tangibly manifested by a unique, widely used architectural element and by a related symbol within polity iconography. The distinctive architectural form is a free-standing module that is omnipresent in power loci: temple, palace, storehouse, mid-level administrative buildings, roadside structures, and a satellite site. We also interpret recurring symbols within Sechín Alto Polity iconography as more abstract representations of this architectural form in its capacity as a power symbol. The essence of this "architecture of power" transcended time as the modular form was imitated by a subsequent polity.
14
Furlan, Raffaello. "Cultural Traditions and Architectural Form of Italian Transnational Houses in Australia." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 9, no. 2 (2015): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v9i2.688.
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The purpose of this article is to investigate the connection between cultural traditions and house form which, according to scholars, is in danger of being lost, and so contribute to the revival of critical interest in such a connection. This paper does not intend to focus on the exploration of the relation between culture as a way of life and the spatial form of the house. Instead, the main objective of this paper is to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of vernacular architecture in a precise context: this study will be focusing on the architectural form of vernacular houses built in Brisbane in the post WWII period by first generation Italian migrants, namely upon the way the house’s structure, materials and construction technique, decorative feature on the façade, were influenced by migrants’ cultural traditions.
15
Hammond, N. G. L. "The Royal Tombs at Vergina: evolution and identities." Annual of the British School at Athens 86 (November 1991): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400014908.
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This article reviews the evidence for built tombs in Macedonia prior to the construction of the royal tombs at Vergina. It considers earlier cist tombs with slab roofs, and evidence for architectural embellishment: it proceeds to discuss the evolution of the vaulted form, with architectural facades. In a second part, the identity of the occupants of Tombs I–III at Vergina is discussed, followed by a consideration of the arguments against the identifications proposed.
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Kruger, Loren. "Cold Chicago: Uncivil Modernity, Urban Form, and Performance in the Upstart City." TDR/The Drama Review 53, no. 3 (2009): 10–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram.2009.53.3.10.
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Since the Haymarket massacre of 1886, Chicagoans have buried and resurrected the city's experiences in performances, politics, and built environments. From Sullivan to Gehry to Chris Ware, from socialist militancy to immigrants' rights, from 19th-century commemorations of the Paris Commune to 21st-century stagings of architectural and political conflicts, Chicago has generated drama in urban theory and practice as well as in theatre.
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Maki, Fumihiko. "On Collective Form." LC - 50 Years After, no. 53 (2015): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/53.a.c4gwdaq3.
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The following article is an edited version of the keynote address presented at the 13th International docomomo Conference that took place in Seoul, Korea, in September 2014. In this essay, Fumihiko Maki's urban design theory and practice are traced through nearly 60 years of written and built work. Extensive travel and observations of village formations (under the auspices of the Graham Foundation) in 1958, research and writing "Investigations in Collective Form" at Washington University in St. Louis, and associations with the Metabolist Group and Team X are elements which Maki has stitched together to form his understanding of urban architectural group form strategies. These strategies have been tested in a variety of projects throughout Japan and elsewhere; together with his texts, they form a continuing body of work that exhibit how successful, quality urban environments are created.
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Ben-Yosef, Erez. "The Architectural Bias in Current Biblical Archaeology." Vetus Testamentum 69, no. 3 (2019): 361–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12341370.
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AbstractThis paper aims at highlighting a methodological flaw in current biblical archaeology, which became apparent as a result of recent research in the Aravah’s Iron Age copper production centers. In essence, this flaw, which cuts across all schools of biblical archaeology, is the prevailing, overly simplistic approach applied to the identification and interpretation of nomadic elements in biblical-era societies. These elements have typically been described as representing only one form of social organization, which is simple and almost negligible in historical reconstructions. However, the unique case of the Aravah demonstrates that the role of nomads in shaping the history of the southern Levant has been underestimated and downplayed in the research of the region, and that the total reliance on stone-built archaeological features in the identification of social complexity in the vast majority of recent studies has resulted in skewed historical reconstructions. Recognizing this “architectural bias” and understanding its sources have important implications on core issues in biblical archaeology today, as both “minimalists” and “maximalists” have been using stone-built architectural remains as the key to solving debated issues related to the geneses of Ancient Israel and neighboring polities (e.g., “high” vs. “low” Iron Age chronologies), in which— according to both biblical accounts and external sources—nomadic elements played a major role.
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Grover, Robert, Stephen Emmitt, and Alex Copping. "The language of typology." Architectural Research Quarterly 23, no. 2 (2019): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135519000198.
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The concept of typology has recurred in architectural discourse since the term’s conception in the early nineteenth century. To describe an architectural object usually involves an act of typifying; a generalisation of built form to common characteristics. Both the analysis of architecture and its creation require this abstraction, which offers the potential to form types and expose initially unapparent relationships. Typology’s Enlightenment origins sought to link architecture to a natural order, but its terminology has subsequently been adopted in modernist rejections of mass culture and Neo-Rationalist pursuits of continua and meaning. Despite widespread use of the term, the role typology plays in the process of design remains unclear. Attempts to link its academic origins to the creation of architectural form (notably by Gottfried Semper in the nineteenth century, and Guilio Carlo Argan and Aldo Rossi in the twentieth century) have done little to synthesise the two and merely succeeded in alienating it from practice.
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Saraoui, Selma, Azeddine Belakehal, Abdelghani Attar, and Amar Bennadji. "The Topological Reading of Ambiances in the Built Environment: The New Methodology for the Analysis of the Luminous Ambiance in the Museum Space." SHS Web of Conferences 64 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196403004.
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Daylight is currently at the centre of discourse on architectural space. The definition of architectural space takes essence from Euclidean geometry related to metric dimensions. The present study is an attempt to shed light on topology which is a non-Euclidean geometry. It can support non-metric components of space such as light to define architectural space. A corpus of six European museums has been chosen to study the immaterial or material relationships between form and daylight, since light is an essential element for the success of the exhibition. It also seeks to highlight discontinuity reports, and to confirm their existence through their software visualizations Therefore, the current study has taken into account an analysis model based on the notions of "route" and "sequence". The contemporary architectural project focused on taking into account human postures, both physical and psychological, within the architectural space. The results obtained show that light can release other spatial features for the museum space that can be highlighted by visualization with sequential analysis.
21
Moravčíková, Henrieta. "Building High Tatras: dilemma of form Architecture of 1960s and 1970s in the most famous Slovak mountain resort." Architectures of the Sun, no. 60 (2019): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/60.a.9yie08um.
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The High Tatra Mountains are the most prominent alpine center of recreation and sport in Slovakia. The development of this site dates back to the end of the 19th century. From the architectural point of view, the beginning of the 20th century, the 1920s, the 1930s and the post-war period of the 1960s and the 1970s should be considered the most interesting periods. At that time, the most important architectural works were created in the High Tatras, which in different ways dealt with the fundamental question: how to build in the mountains? Through the built results achieved in the region, it is now possible to study the success of this discussion.
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Schmidt-Lux, Thomas. "Silicon Headquarters : The Architectural Faces of Digital Capitalism." socio.hu 10, Special Issue (2020): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18030/socio.hu.2020en.21.
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Although digitalization processes are frequently described as being immaterial and ‘virtual’, the importance of material space and architecture in the Silicon Valley is evident. Just recently new headquarters of Apple, Facebook and Google have opened. Based on walk-throughs, interviews, documents and photography, the essay analyses their architecture and spatial organization. The analysis reveals that there is no single, uniform form of contemporary corporate architecture in Silicon Valley, just as there is no coherent picture of the digital. Google builds accessible and permeable, Facebook creates a built community, while Apple builds its very own world, similarly hiding and exposing it. Thus, the analysis of architecture reveals different conceptions of an often monolithically described field.
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Pezzica, C., J. Schroeter, O. E. Prizeman, C. B. Jones, and P. L. Rosin. "BETWEEN IMAGES AND BUILT FORM: AUTOMATING THE RECOGNITION OF STANDARDISED BUILDING COMPONENTS USING DEEP LEARNING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-2/W6 (August 21, 2019): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-w6-123-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Building on the richness of recent contributions in the field, this paper presents a state-of-the-art CNN analysis method for automating the recognition of standardised building components in modern heritage buildings. At the turn of the twentieth century manufactured building components became widely advertised for specification by architects. Consequently, a form of standardisation across various typologies began to take place. During this era of rapid economic and industrialised growth, many forms of public building were erected. This paper seeks to demonstrate a method for informing the recognition of such elements using deep learning to recognise ‘families’ of elements across a range of buildings in order to retrieve and recognise their technical specifications from the contemporary trade literature. The method is illustrated through the case of Carnegie Public Libraries in the UK, which provides a unique but ubiquitous platform from which to explore the potential for the automated recognition of manufactured standard architectural components. The aim of enhancing this knowledge base is to use the degree to which these were standardised originally as a means to inform and so support their ongoing care but also that of many other contemporary buildings. Although these libraries are numerous, they are maintained at a local level and as such, their shared challenges for maintenance remain unknown to one another. Additionally, this paper presents a methodology to indirectly retrieve useful indicators and semantics, relating to emerging HBIM families, by applying deep learning to a varied range of architectural imagery.</p>
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Davidson, James. "A Proposal for the Future of Vernacular Architecture Studies." Open House International 38, no. 2 (2013): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2013-b0006.
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Given the broad scale and fundamental transformations occurring to both the natural environment and human condition in the present era, what does the future hold for vernacular architecture studies? In a world where Capital A (sometimes referred to as ‘polite’) architectural icons dominate our skylines and set the agenda for our educational institutions, is the study of vernacular architecture still relevant? What role could it possibly have in understanding and subsequently impacting on architectural education, theory and practice, and in turn, professional built environment design? Imagine for a minute, a world where there is no divide between the vernacular and the ‘polite’, where all built environments, past and present are open to formal research agendas whereby the inherent knowledge in their built histories inform the professional design paradigm of the day – in all built settings, be they formal or informal, Western or non-Western. In this paper, the author is concerned with keeping the flames of intellectual discontent burning in proposing a transformation and reversal of the fortunes of VAS within mainstream architectural history and theory. In a world where a social networking website can ignite a revolution, one can already see the depth of global transformations on the doorstep. No longer is there any excuse to continue intellectualizing global futures solely within a Western (Euro-American) framework. In looking at the history of VAS, the purpose of this paper is to illustrate that the answers for its future pathways lie in an understanding of the intellectual history underpinning its origins. As such, the paper contends that the epistemological divide established in the 1920s by art historians, whereby the exclusion of so-called non-architect architectures from the mainstream canon of architectural history has resulted in an entire architectural corpus being ignored in formal educational institutions and architectural societies today. Due to this exclusion, the majority of mainstream architectural thinkers have resisted theorizing on the vernacular. In the post-colonial era of globalization the world has changed, and along with it, so have many of the original paradigms underpinning the epistemologies setting vernacular environments apart. In exploring this subject, the paper firstly positions this dichotomy within the spectrum of Euro-American architectural history and theory discourse; secondly, draws together the work of scholars who have at some point in the past called for the obsolescence of the term ‘vernacular’ and the erasure of categorical distinctions that impact on the formal study of what are perceived as non-architectural environments; and finally, sets out the form by which curricula for studies of world architecture could take.
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Miller, Tyrus. "Paul Scheerbart and the utopia of glass." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 7, no. 2 (2015): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1501085m.
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This paper will consider the architectural writings of the German expressionist writer Paul Scheerbart, focusing on his fascination with glass as an architectural and symbolic material within his writings. I will discuss Scheerbart's architectural treatise Glass Architecture, his novel The Grey Cloth, and related writings on glass architecture. Scheerbart represents an alternative tradition within architectural modernism, which saw glass as a constructive material that represented modernity by exposing structural elements of the building, thus guaranteeing conformation of form to function. Scheerbart, in contrast, considered glass as a bearer of color and multiplier of light, which he saw as capable of transforming the human environment and exercising positive effects on individuals and collectives. He saw light as culture-formative, and glass architecture as the means by which the built environment could maximize modern culture's utopian potential. I also discuss the influence of Scheerbart on the anarchist architect Bruno Taut and on the thinking of Walter Benjamin.
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Mannering, Virginia, and Tom Morgan. "New Public Excavations." Joelho Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, no. 11-12 (September 9, 2021): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8681_11_12_8.
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The paper draws on recent salvage archaeological excavations in Melbourne, Australia that prompt questions on architectural concerns of ‘site’ in contemporary architectural discourse. For design practitioners, site is usually communicated in direct and straightforward ways, with some practical understanding of the physical forces that form the current site, but little of influencing political or cultural elements. This is particularly problematic in settler-colonial cities such as Melbourne which are built out of complex and contested environments. The urban archaeological excavation is therefore seen as a metaphorical ‘autopsy,’ a brief moment of pause when the site’s history and composition can be publicly examined and challenged. Crucially, the act exposes the significant and potent presence of ground and dirt as actants in the city. This paper examines archaeological and architectural texts and practices to explore the added meaning that a refocusing on dirt and ground as material and medium can add to the architectural reading and interpretation of site in the settler‑colonial city.
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Eyüce, Ahmet. "Learning From the Vernacular: Sustainable Planning and Design." Open House International 32, no. 4 (2007): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2007-b0002.
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Ecologically fit built form and settlement is an outcome of harmonious modes of interaction between the man-made and the natural environment. It is also the prerequisite of a sustainable planning and design process. In building terms, an ecologically fit building involves the existence of appropriate schemes of enclosures and exposures of indoor spaces which is achieved through fundamental building features like relations with the ground, properties of building mass, treatment of the building envelop and roof performance. While the debate on the conflicting aspects of the two extremes, namely the international style and regionalism, continues to occupy architectural media, a new paradigm of place dependent ecological architecture has to be formulated. In this connection it is not surprising to notice that vernacular built form based on building traditions are ecologically fit and may well constitute a sound source of information. This study aims at deciphering relevant clues to be utilized as design guidelines through the analysis of fundamental building features of vernacular built environments.
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Blair, Sheila. "Muslim-style Mausolea across Mongol Eurasia: Religious Syncretism, Architectural Mobility and Cultural Transformation." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 62, no. 2-3 (2019): 318–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341481.
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AbstractThe first Mongol khans were buried in hidden graves, but later Mongols adopted the Muslim practice of building aboveground domed tombs. This essay examines three domed mausolea typical of the Muslim lands erected in the early to mid-14th century in different Mongol khanates—that built for the Ilkhan Öljeitü at Sultaniyya, a second for the Chaghadaid Buyan Quli Khan outside Bukhara, and a third anonymous tomb at Guyuan, Hebei, in the Yuan territories of north China—to show how different Mongol patrons interpreted the same form and funerary traditions associated with it.
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Lehrer, Ute Angelika. "Images of the Periphery: The Architecture of Flex Space in Switzerland." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 12, no. 2 (1994): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d120187.
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The peripheries of Swiss cities are currently being restructured at an unprecedented pace. Specifically, new commercial and office developments are mushrooming along the major traffic arteries. Peripheral centers without a center have sprung up. In this paper, urban forms are described in relation to the architectural form. The new urban form comes with a specific aesthetic programme: the architecture and the planning design of the industrial and office centers in the periphery defy the mass-produced built environment of earlier suburbanization. Rather, ‘individualized’ architectural designs lend themselves to custom-made commercialization of the new urban landscape. Buildings increasingly become billboards which are strategically placed along freeways and rail lines. Finally, in what seems a marked difference to automobile-based peripheral centralization in North America and other parts of Europe, the Swiss example depends heavily on a state-managed expansion of the railroads and light-rail systems.
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Luengo, Pedro. "Architectural Hybridity in Iberian Southeast Asia, 1580–1640." Itinerario 41, no. 2 (2017): 353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115317000407.
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The Union of the Iberian Crowns (1580–1640) promoted a wider cultural exchange between Portuguese and Spanish Asian settlements in Asia. This paper identifies the remarkable circulation of artisans and patrons and the development of new building techniques during this period, which allowed for a shared cultural dialogue that may be best described as forms of mestizage. So, it tries to address the mobility of patrons and architects, which helps explain the diffusion of techniques and models. The first case shows how cultural dialogue promoted new techniques from local traditions and materials, which were later used in neighbouring settlements. The second demonstrates the role these mixed solutions played in the creation of the image of a pure state, in the form of public palaces, a mestizo society, mainly in urban houses, and a local cultural resistance, keeping traditional housing forms in the native quarters. Thanks to this approach, the currently preserved built heritage can be seen not only as a European cultural transfer but also as the result of a fruitful global dialogue.
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Whitehand, J. W. R., and Christine M. H. Carr. "Morphological periods, planning and reality: the case of England's inter-war suburbs." Urban History 26, no. 2 (1999): 230–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926899000243.
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The physical forms of England's inter-war suburbs are examined, concentrating on those created by private enterprise. Attention is given to the contrasts between inter-war suburbs and those created before the First World War, and the timing of the adoption of architectural styles and other aspects of built form characteristic of the inter-war period is considered. In places, houses in Edwardian styles continued to be built well into the inter-war period. The dominant characteristic of the period was the creation of garden suburbs. The Tudor Walters Report was more an endorsement of such suburbs than a stimulus to them and many of its recommendations were not adhered to.
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Woźniczka, Magdalena. "Forma architektoniczna, funkcja oraz potencjał zespołów budynków wielorodzinnych zbudowanych w XXI wieku w Krakowie na przykładzie osiedli Kurdwanów Nowy i Piaski Nowe." Środowisko Mieszkaniowe, no. 31 (2020): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25438700sm.20.011.12689.
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Architectural form, function and potential of multi-family building complexes built in the twenty-first century in Krakow presented on the example of Kurdwanów Nowy and Piaski Nowe estates Piaski Wielkie and Kurdwanów are former suburbs of Krakow. Over the past half century their space has been changed significantly. The first modifications took place in the 1970s and 1980s. The Piaski Nowe and Kurdwanów Nowy estates were built during this time. In the twenty-first century, the number of inhabitants of Krakow has been constantly increasing. As a result, the attention of real estate developers is once again focused on the regions. At present, these areas are intensively built-up. In some regions, the speed of development of road and service infrastructure is slower than the construction of residential buildings. This tendency can be seen in Piaski Nowe. Last-century projects are the main basis for the functioning of this complex. It is important to determine the forms found in these housing estates, their functions and potential. The results of the research will contribute to effective spatial policy. The article characterises architectural forms, spatial structures and basic functions of housing complexes built in the years 1999–2019 in Piaski Nowe and Kurdwanów Nowy. The research has showed that both estates have a predisposition to be attractive places to live. This fact is supported by existing public service facilities and developing private services. The location between the third and fourth Krakow ring road is also an important factor. An analysis of architectural forms has revealed changes in the way how the buildings are formed. There is a tendency to simplify building massings. The presented projects show that simplification is not synonymous with the end of potential for creating forms. It is just a path to new solutions.
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Andrii, Izbash, and Fomenko Oksana. "FACTORS OF GOAL-SETTING IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AS A STIMULATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROFESSION’S CORE." Vìsnik Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Lʹvìvsʹka polìtehnìka". Serìâ Arhìtektura 3, no. 1 (2021): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sa2021.01.069.
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Following the national scientific tradition, the core of the profession "architect" can be defined as a continuum of competencies common to all types of architectural work. In turn, competencies consist of specialized skills and knowledge. In the historical process of the development of the profession, new types of competencies appear that form the basis of new specializations. Some of the emerging competencies transfer into the core of the profession on being mastered. The authors of the study have developed a model that allows describing and analyzing the principles of expanding the core of the profession "architect" under the influence of innovative skills and knowledge. The model consists of four basic components: "the profession" architect "; "technological factors", "goal-setting factors" and "architectural-typological factors". The object of the research, based on which the model is built, is the profession “architect”. The three other components of the model are described based on what factors new competencies form and how they affect the expansion of the core of the profession. The article examines the role and place of goal-setting in the general structure of factors that form the profession "architect". The model developed in the study proposes to consider the development of goal-setting factors in architectural design in three main areas: ecosphere, technosphere and society. In turn, each of the directions of goal-setting is considered from the point of view of three main hierarchical levels: strategic, tactical and local. This approach made it possible to identify and analyze the main clusters of competencies that form and expand the core of the profession "architect" under the influence of the goal-setting factor in architectural design.
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Smith, Margaret Supplee, and John C. Moorhouse. "Architecture and the Housing Market: Nineteenth Century Row Housing in Boston's South End." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 52, no. 2 (1993): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990783.
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This study combines historical and quantitative methods to determine the market response to a major nineteenth century American urban architectural form-the speculatively built row house. The paper estimates a hedonic price index which decomposes the original purchase price of the row house into a set of prices for the characteristics of the house, including detailed architectural features. In turn, the estimated prices for the architectural features reveal the market's response to the aesthetic design. With more than 3,500 row houses, its tree-lined streets, and scattered parks, Boston's South End is the largest Victorian residential district remaining in the United States. The homogeneity of the brick bowfront row house form, coupled with the variety of architectural features, provides an unusual opportunity to test the effect of architecture on market values. We find that variables for lot size, house size, and location within the neighborhood explain 74 percent of the price of a row house. Architectural style and features account for an additional 14 percent of the price of the house and are more highly valued when they differentiate a row house from its neighbors. These are significant results, for they provide systematic statistical evidence that architectural design matters in the marketplace. "But tell me: When you say; 'The value of a building,' do you really lay more stress on the subjective value than the dollar value?" "On both. For human nature determines that subjective value, sooner or later, becomes money value; and the lack of it, sooner or later, money loss. The subjective value is far higher, by far the more permanent; but money value is inseparable from the affairs of life; to ignore it would be moonshine."
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Szmygin, Bogusław, and Maciej Trochonowicz. "The district “Dyrekcja” in Chełm – the evaluation of district after 80 years of its foundation." Budownictwo i Architektura 6, no. 1 (2010): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2295.
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District “Dyrekcja” built in the year 1928-1939 was regarded the second after the Gdynia largest investment of the period between world wars due to its size number of houses. The district represents the whole set of the values resulting the ideological programme (national symbolism), spatial composition, coherent architectural form of the buildings and their technical characteristics. The presented article is aimed as a complex evaluation of the district “Dyrekcja” after 80 years of its foundation.
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Dowd, Anne S., Anthony F. Aveni, and Ramón Carrasco. "SOLAR OBSERVATORY OR ALLEGORY? CALAKMUL'S GROUP E-TYPE COMPLEX FORM AND FUNCTION." Ancient Mesoamerica 28, no. 2 (2017): 559–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536117000165.
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Members of the Proyecto Arqueológico de la Biosfera Calakmul under Carrasco's direction excavated the Cenote Style Group E-type complex at the Maya site of Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico. The Cenote Style refers to the plan of the E-Group with a series of three temples built onto a long narrow eastern range structure facing a western structure across a broad central plaza. Architectural data exist to evaluate this standardizing group's utility for observing solar events. Astronomical evidence for the function of this complex is presented and discussed. The overall orientation of Structures IVa, IVb, IVc, and VI is slightly east, 13° of true north, while a pair of doorways in Structure IVc align with the setting sun during the summer solstice point, despite the break in the buildings' floor-plan symmetry this represents.
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Ahmed, Suneela. "ROLE OF ARCHITECTS AND LOCALNESS OF THE GLOBAL CITY: DISCUSSION OF OPERATIONALIZATION OF KEY THEORIES FOR UNDERSTANDING THE NOTIONS OF LOCALNESS IN BUILT FORM." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 15, no. 2 (2013): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap1522013_3.
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This paper looks at the urban and architectural case studies from India and Malaysia where built form elements that highlight local advantage have been identified and articulated and have helped in cities to compete in the global paradigm. This paper analysis works of architects who have been labelled as Critical Regionalist architects from India and Malaysia. The objective is to tease out the design components addressed by these architects in their projects which connect to the local. The architects whose work has been addressed are Charles Correa and Balkrishna Doshi from India and Ken Yeang and Jimmy Lim from Malaysia. The analysis covers the following objectives: a) To understand the design methodology and values of these designers and their contribution, if any, towards the development of localness in built form within their contexts. b) To understand the scale at which each of the projects falls within different theoretical realms. c) To analyse works of these designers with respect to the components that contribute to localness in built form and assess priority given to each of these components by the designers in their work. This paper is part of an ongoing PhD research entitled ‘A conceptual framework for evaluating localness through the design of built form: case of Karachi, Pakistan’ being undertaken at Oxford Brookes University, UK. The research methodology for this paper is largely based on literature review and personal visits to the buildings in India.
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Fairchild Ruggles, D. "At the Margins of Architectural and Landscape History: The Rajputs of South Asia." Muqarnas Online 30, no. 1 (2014): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118993-0301p0006.
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The Rajput princes of South Asia in the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries built beautiful palaces with gardens and commissioned manuscript paintings that rivaled those of their Mughal contemporaries. Although the Hindu Rajputs and Muslim Mughals were variously allies and foes, neither political relations nor religious faith prevented artistic exchanges from occurring between them. Just as the Mughals embraced and internalized Indic forms such as the chhatri, the Rajputs likewise appropriated forms such as the four-part garden known as the chahar bagh, not as a direct transfer but a reworking and renegotiation of form and expression. While the Rajput chahar baghs are the only ones to have attracted the attention of historians, most likely because they fit neatly into a recognized architectural type, Rajput patrons also built other kinds of gardens with rectilinear and curving parterres, deep pools with “floating” pavilions, lotus gardens, and orchards resembling sacred groves. Some of these appear in Mughal sites too, typically inserted into a chahar bagh. The essay looks at how typological forms were shared and adapted by the Mughals and Rajputs, and asks what such forms may have meant to their respective patrons. It concludes by proposing that the definition of art historical fields—divided along religious lines between Islam and Hinduism—often impedes such inquiries.
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Aninditya, Nasya Nabilla. "THE INFLUENCE OF SPATIAL HIERARCHY AND FUNCTION ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MAIN BUILDING OF CIREBON’S KEJAKSAN RAILWAY STATION." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 1, no. 02 (2017): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v1i02.2394.229-248.
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Abstract - The Cirebon region was once one of the centers for sugar plantations on Java. In the middle of the 19th century the town of Cirebon developed an urban area revolving around the food industry whose main products were sugar and ice. To facilitate the distribution of sugar in large quantities, the State Railway Service built the Cirebon Railway Station in the Kejaksan town district. This was designed and built by a Dutch architect named P.A.J. Mooijen in 1911, in the typical “Indies” style that was in the middle phase of its development. This research study aims to explore the influence of function and hierarchy on its architectural form, namely the main station building on Jalan Siliwangi in the Kejaksan district. The research steps consist of deconstructing and classifying the building, employing Thijs Eversen’s theory concerning Archetypes in Architecture, and an examination of function, form, space and ordering principles as described by Francis D.K. Ching. The result of this interpretation is subsequently linked to various indicators that point toward the Indies style of architecture, as proposed by Hardinoto. The final step consists of showing the connection between spatial function and hierarchy found in the building form. The conclusion indicates that spatial function and hierarchy have indeed had a direct impact on the architectural form examined. This is discernible in the building mass that shows a formal hierarchy in the middle, which is in keeping with the hierarchy of building space. The typical Dutch East Indies building concept featuring the use of symmetrical space, a monumental shape due to the hierarchy in the middle section, and the use of supporting walls can all be found in the main building of this railway station.Keywords: Function, Form, Space, Spatial Hierarchy, Dutch East Indies Style of Architecture
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Hastati, Fauza, Giska Ayu Pradana Putri Kamase, and Pascaghana Jayatri Putra. "Karakteristik Arsitektural Bangunan Indis Pada Perumahan Pegawai PJKA Pengok Blok A & B di Yogyakarta." SADE : Jurnal Arsitektur, Planologi dan Teknik Sipil 1, no. 1 (2021): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/sade.v1i1.8.
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Indis house is a designation for the living house that occupied by both Dutch and the Indo-Dutch that built in the Dutch Colonial age in style of combining between Europe architectural forms especially Dutch and local architectural (Java). This combining created architectural characteristics of Indis house that are different from traditional house. In planning and designing process, Indis house is influenced by many factors such as the condition of surroundings, tropical climate which are very different from the climate in Netherland, social status, and also combining forms between Europe architecture and local architecture. The housing of Pegawai Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api Pengok at block A and B in Yogyakarta as one of the Indis housing of Dutch Colonial inheritance has uniqueness that reflected on its setting whith background of many factors influenced it. This literatur uses rationalistic-qualitative metheod in approach to theoretical framework that is built base on assessment parameters of architectural characterictics of living house according to Habraken (1978) including spatial system, physical system, and stylistic system. The Housing of PJKA Pengok at Block A and B in Yogyakarta was influenced by arhitectural style from two periods of Indis architecture development in Indonesia, the first one is the period in 1800-1902 (the Empire Style), and the second one is the period in 1902-1920. It most influnced by sosial status of users that reflected on its physical building setting. This sosial status prevailed to inner that reflected on distinct separation between hoodgebouw and bijgebouw, and also the social status prevailed to outside was inter-occupants of the houses location based on level of positions in Centrale Werkplaats (Balai Yasa). Another factor that also influenced the architectural characteristics is local climate that makes this housing looks in characterictics of tropical house. Climate aspect is an essential consideration in Indis house as an effort to create freshness inside the house. Next, combining factors between Ducth architectural forms and the traditional (Java) also influenced the architectural setting. Europe forms seem at building elements like door, window, luifel, gevel, chimney, and floor while the local ones seem at pattern of figure ground, the existence of open space in form of front veranda, the compositition of open space and building, and also vegetation.
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Susanto, Dalhar, Tria Amalia Ningsih, and Diniputi Angelia. "Discovering the Potential of Organic Material in Architecture." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 04022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186704022.
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Indonesia is abundant with natural resources in the form of organic materials from the earth and floral ecosystem. Based on natural resources, Indonesia’s buildings are built using the organic materials from their surrounding area, such as woods, palm trees, bamboos and rattans that can be used as architectural elements. The organic material reflects the architectural development in Indonesia, starting with a single raw material via the joining of different building parts up to the finished building. It also visualizes the identity which will be presented with local wisdom from the knowledge and the ideas. This paper aims to identify main organic materials in Indonesia regarding the physical properties and aesthetic values that are encountered by human senses. Materiality acknowledges as a flux that is passing processes of continual transformation; it is commonly called “thingliness” or “woodiness”. Furthermore, it encompasses three components, medium, substance, and surfaces, which are not separated or dominant from nature; it is built as a unified whole. This study proposes an idea to give impacts of the build environments on traditional and contemporary design. By adopting a sustainability approach to organic material selection and specification extends the inspiration in the design stage of the building process.
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Afram, S. O., and David Korboe. "Continuity, Utility and Change: The Urban Compound House in Ghana." Open House International 34, no. 4 (2009): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2009-b0005.
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Since the fifteenth century when Europeans first established a credible presence in Ghana, colonial values have played a significant role in shaping lifestyles in the country. Despite these imported influences, the courtyard house remains the predominant house form in rural and urban areas alike. It is somewhat surprising, therefore, that there is relatively little appreciation within academic and policy-making circles of its versatility. In this paper, the authors focus on the built form of the urban courtyard house and examine its utilitarian qualities from a predominantly architectural viewpoint. Finally, an attempt is made at predicting the medium-term future of this house type.
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Niewitecki, Stefan. "MODELS OF STRUCTURES IN DIDACTICSMODELS OF STRUCTURES IN DIDACTICS." CBU International Conference Proceedings 4 (September 22, 2016): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v4.789.
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The final aim of teaching students subjects, such as structural mechanics, reinforced concrete, and steel structures is to teach them how structures work in a given building as well as to provide them with skills enabling them to calculate and design structures. The behavioral model of the structure, contrary to the architectural model, which focuses mainly on the external form of the building, shows workings from both the static and dynamic points of view (e.g., the influence of the wind load, dead loads, and imposed loads) A series of fifteen behavioral models constructed of organic glass (poly-methyl methacrylate, also called Plexiglas® or metaplex) was built for didactic purposes for the academic staff of the Department of the Technical Fundamentals of Architectural Design at the University of Technology in Gdansk. This article presents the characteristics of these models, as well as their application in didactics. The usage of the models in specific educational subjects at the Department of the Technical Fundamentals of Architectural Design has been adopted as a classification criterion.
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Vežić, Pavuša. "Anatomija izgubljenog spomenika – Rekompozicija pročelja romaničke katedrale u Zadru." Ars Adriatica 9 (February 28, 2020): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.2922.
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The article focuses on the façade of the Cathedral in Zadar, a Romanesque basilica built in the 12th and frontally extended in the 13th century, when the original façade was removed and numerous parts of its architectural sculpture were incorporated into the new wall. It was a sort of recomposition of the original portals, blind galleries, their garlands, columns, capitals, double arcades, the large rosette, and a number of details that offer an insight into the original appearance of the façade. By analysing the wall sculpture and reading the stylistic and technical details in the elements embedded in the reassembled facade, the author has tried to distinguish the old parts of the wall from the new ones and to interpret the form and anatomy of the lost monument, to some extent preserved in the restored architectural composition of the new assembly, its contours and important details. Thus, the original form has remained preserved at least indirectly in the new façade of the Romanesque cathedral, an intervention that is also interesting as a kind of recomposition of the lost monument.
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Ardiani, Milla. "Gaya Arsitektur di Perumahan Dinas Militer Angkatan Darat, Cimahi, Jawa Barat." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 2, no. 2 (2011): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v2i2.2810.
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Cimahi is a city in West Java that owns many relics of the Dutch architectural heritage built in the early 20th century. The majority of buildings are military buildings that have a hierarchy according to the military rank, seen from the styles presented at the army's military housing. The building style has no longer presented either Indische empire style or modern colonial style. The architectural style in the transitional period at that time adapted the tropical climate of Indonesia with the visible formation of the Dutch. This paper is the result of research done by observation and a survey at the Army Military Housing, Cimahi, West Java. Data were analyzed quantitatively to analyze the number of houses and ornaments dismantled and its original form. In addition, qualitative methods are also used to analyze the demolitions done by the building occupants.
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Maturana, Beatriz, Ashraf M. Salama, and Anthony McInneny. "Architecture, urbanism and health in a post-pandemic virtual world." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 15, no. 1 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-02-2021-0024.
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PurposeThe highly contagious coronavirus and the rapid spread of COVID-19 disease have generated a global public health crisis. Crises are being addressed at various local and global scales through social distancing measures and guidelines, emerging working and living patterns and the utilisation of technology to partially replace physical learning environments. The purpose of this article is to capture the key messages of the contributions published in this special edition of Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, Volume 15, Issue 1, March 2021. Reviewing more than 70 submissions, 15 articles have been identified that are contributed by 35 scholars, educators and practitioners from 12 countries. The article calls for the need to embed trans-disciplinarity in current and future built environment research.Design/methodology/approachDriven by the fact that architecture, urban design and planning and built environment studies interact and have direct correlation with public health and virus spread. The approach to develop and present the key messages of the contributions is premised on three areas: (a) the pandemic condition as it relates to the built environment, (b) analytical reflections on the emerging themes and (c) the diversity and complexity embedded in these themes.FindingsWhile some contributions speak to the particularities of their contexts, others address regional or global parameters. The enquiry into architectural research, architectural education and architectural design indicates some of the important methods and tools to address the accelerated adoption, adaption and redesign needed to create a new and better normal which embeds flexibility, adaptability and continuous learning. The papers represent brilliant investiture to address the momentous insinuations the COVID-19 condition has on the built environment.Research limitations/implicationsThe diversity of implications reveals potential alternative futures for urbanity and society and the associated education and practice of future built environment professions. While the contributions invite us to critically envisage possibilities for future research and collective action, critical fast-track empirical research is needed to address how health is an integral component in the production of architecture and urban environments.Originality/valueThe diversity, complexity, depth and breadth of the contribution convey important insights on people, health and the spatial environments that accommodate both. Trans-disciplinarity, as it relates to research and action and to the production of urban environments, is viewed as a form of learning involving co-operation among different parts of society, professionals and academia in order to meet complex challenges of society such this pandemic condition. This approach has enabled the identification of three future research areas in architecture urbanism that include implications of virus spread on urban environments, how spatial and social distancing measures and protocols are altering our understanding of spatial design.
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Coleman, Leo. "Building Scotland, Building Solidarity: A Scottish Architect's Knowledge of Nation." Comparative Studies in Society and History 60, no. 4 (2018): 873–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417518000324.
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AbstractThis article examines the work of Robert Hurd (1905–1963), a Scottish nationalist architect, planner, and admirer of Scottish civic traditions, in order to query and enrich current anthropological approaches to “material politics” with their focus on material assemblies, infrastructures, and interactions that operate across scales and beyond discourse. Hurd was both an expert and planner and also an “artisan of nationalism” who sought to restore Scotland's built environment as at once a civic heritage and a material resource for a future of independence and self-determination. Hurd's attention to distinctively Scottish architectural forms and to historic centers and their development over time is significant as an idiom of nationalist thought, while his architectural work highlights the formal manipulation of scale and centrality to express political aspirations. He was an expert not only of infrastructure, plans, or populations and their needs, but also of the mediation of such material facts into architectural form and, in a broader sense, forms of life. Finally, Hurd's writing on “burgh” civic and architectural traditions, and his work as a conservation architect, together allow a better understanding of the role played by a conservative, tradition-minded modernism, and of narratives of tradition and national evolution, in the twentieth-century history and present development of Scotland's national and constitutional politics.
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Mancuso, Angela, Andrea Pasquali, and Giorgio Verdiani. "The Mausoleum of Giuseppe Tonietti on the Elba Island. From a masterpiece of Adolofo Coppedè to a compromising state of decay." Studies in Digital Heritage 1, no. 2 (2017): 719–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/sdh.v1i2.23247.
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The study shows the results of the digital and photographic surveys operated on an architectural work of great importance: it is the Mausoleum for Tonietti family, by Adolfo Coppedè, built on the Elba Island in Tuscany-Italy at the beginning of the 20th century. The current alarming conditions of the building invite to make some reflections on the unpleasant but common fate of many architectures of the Liberty and Eclectic period in Italy. With the evolution of rationalism of the architectural form and thus the gradual purifying of decorative plastic organisms from architectural objects, architectural research, and with it the observation and conservation of cultural heritage, has increasingly focused on new rational style, omitting many examples in floral style equally deserving of attention. The alarming state of preservation of Tonietti Mausoleum, combined with the total absence of projects by local authorities, set the conditions for the dissolution of the work and the consequent loss of the cultural and territorial connotation that it creates. The processing of the surveys and the gathering of documentation wants to create the basis for the comparison of work conditions in its original state and the current form, fixing the actual conditions of decay. There is the hope that this work can create a conservative practical input that restores the integrity of the cultural property designed by the youngest of Coppedè brothers, giving to it a proper and necessary value in the study of the history of architecture and the development of the evolutionary dialogue necessarily connected to the same historical evolution.
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Valente, Ilaria. "Nuove misure urbane. Una ricerca progettuale per Tor Bella Monaca." TERRITORIO, no. 63 (December 2012): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2012-063014.
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Distance becomes a problem in the regeneration of neighbourhoods built in the second half of the twentieth century both from the viewpoint of form and the use of spaces, where the measurements expand in the open intervals and in the shape of the built structures. The hypothesis formulated in the design research project on Tor Bella Monaca is that even those parts of the city built in the second half of the twentieth century can become consolidated, starting from their measurements and rhythms and from the broad intervals that created the basic design, but which must be transformed at the same time to respond to contemporary uses and needs. Remeasurement of the space is therefore a task of interpretation for architectural designers in order to recognise the intrinsic qualities of marginal urban housing designs to support redevelopment strategies which hinge on densification, subtraction, addition and infrastructures for the urban fabric, without trivialising the reconstitution of the proximity and the contact space in a historically anachronistic perspective.
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Gunawan, Hana Maliantha. "Apartment Architectural Design Components in Bali Based On Critical Regionalism Approach." ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 1, no. 2 (2017): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v1i2.32.
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A building is supposed to be designed suitable for the community’s life. The emergence of multistoreyed building as a solution over limited usable land has caused the practice of International Style where a building no longer regards the characteristics of place where they are built. According to the theory of Critical Regionalism, there should be appropriate integration between local and contemporary factors. Bali as one of many region in Indonesia with abundance of culture is seen as a suitable place to applicate this theory. The type of multistoreyed building chosen was apartment, which is becoming a prevalent phenomenon in the mentioned region, and also as a settlement building type it is seen as the closest type to inhabitant’s activity thus has a close connection with the community’s culture. The research is made to discover how far has the local and contemporary factors been applied to apartments build in Bali according to the theory of Critical Regionalism. This research utilizes qualitative method through the use of Critical Regionalism principles from Ken Yeang in the form of Functional Connection to analyze the case study. There are four steps of said principle, Direct Connection, Indirect Connection, Inclusive Contemporary Connection, and Landscape Connection. At the result of this research, it was found that there was a lack in application of Critical Regionalism principles particularly in principles of building form, the usage of traditional concepts, facilities availability, and treatment towards environtment.