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Journal articles on the topic 'Architecture 17th century'
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1
Brown, David A. "Domestic Masonry Architecture in 17th-Century Virginia." Northeast Historical Archaeology 27, no. 1 (1998): 85–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.22191/neha/vol27/iss1/9.
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Godlewski, Włodzimierz. "Archaeological and architectural evidence of social change in 13th–17th century Dongola." Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 27, no. 1 (April 11, 2018): 617–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2445.
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The article reviews the body of archaeological and architectural evidence for social transformation taking place in Dongola during the period from the end of the 13th through the end of the 17th century, the uppermost stratum uncovered by Polish archaeologists excavating the ruins of the medieval seat of Makurian kings. Domestic architecture from the late 14th through 17th centuries and the artifactual finds from these dwellings, which were built on top of the ruins of the Makurian capital, demonstrate the character and extent of changes in the education, culture and religion of the inhabitants of the city from the Funj period
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Bevz, Mykola. "The wooden architectural complex of the city and royal residence of the John III Sobieski in Kukizów." Budownictwo i Architektura 18, no. 4 (March 20, 2020): 059–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.710.
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The palace in Kukizów of King of Poland John III Sobieski is known only to a narrow group of architecture and art historians. The palace and park complex ceased to exist in the 19th century. The architecture of the palace is known especially from the descriptions in the inventory documents from the early 18th century. Although the authorship of the palace design belongs to the well-known artists of the era – Augustyn Wincenty Locci and Piotr Beber, its architecture has not yet been reconstructed. A specific feature of the royal residence in Kukizów was the construction of royal buildings and town buildings in a wooden material. The intention to create a city complex and an entirely wooden residence was a unique experiment in the field of European architecture and urban planning of the 17th century. In the paper we present the results of our research on the architecture of the palace and town for the end of the 17th century.
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Nurme, Sulev. "The use of woody plants in Estonian and Livonian manor ensembles during the second half of the 17th century." Forestry Studies 72, no. 1 (September 18, 2020): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2020-0007.
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AbstractNot much is known about the 17th-century Estonian and Livonian landscape architecture. Most of the information is based on the descriptions found in historical archival and literary sources and on some of the well-known engravings. According to these, a common idea of that era's landscape architecture is that it was humble in scale and design, and was similar to the practice of late-medieval times when there was no space or ambition to grow woody plants in small gardens of castles. But when diving into the Swedish manor plans dating back to the last decades of the 17th century, it can be noted that the layouts of manorial hearts are inherent to the spatial design of early baroque, which is characterized by a landscape that has strongly been redesigned and includes a decorative garden, kitchen garden and a park. This article focuses on the spatial composition of Estonian and Livonian manor parks of the second half of the 17th century and observes the role of trees and their use in these landscapes. This article is based on the results of a study about the planning of baroque manor hearts Understanding the Role of 18th Century Estonian Manor Ensembles in Contemporary Planning and Conservation (Eesti 18. sajandi mõisaansamblid 21. sajandi maastikuplaneerimises: avastamine, mõistmine, tõlgendamine) which was carried out by the author of this article. The map analysis results deal with the spatial structure of manor ensembles and the observations made during the analysis. The article examines the possible ways of using woody plants in 17th-century Estonian manors while looking at the manor ensemble as an architectonic of early baroque. Based on the research results it can be said that by the last decades of the 17th century the wealthiest manors had already built manor hearts with a modest but a clearly baroque style layout which is characterized by a regular and symmetrical ensemble core, a garden axially connected to the main building and avenues heading into the landscape. This type of approach enables to broaden the common conception of the era's garden and park architecture in the manor hearts of Estonia and Livonia. Based on what is highlighted in the article it can be said that the tradition and practice of garden art that has shaped the image of Estonian landscape had already been developed by the end of the 17th century.
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Ronnes, Hanneke. "The architecture of William of Orange and the culture of friendship." Archaeological Dialogues 11, no. 1 (June 2004): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203804001369.
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The grand houses and gardens of William of Orange (1650–1702) and his courtiers in Britain and the Netherlands are strongly influenced by the French style, itself associated with Louis XIV, who was actually William’s arch-rival. This paper explores that paradox by probing ideas of power and friendship in 17th-century court culture.
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Santos, T. A., N. Fonseca, and F. Castro. "Naval Architecture Applied to the Reconstruction of an Early 17th Century Portuguese Nau." Marine Technology and SNAME News 44, no. 04 (October 1, 2007): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2007.44.4.254.
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The Portuguese sailed yearly on the India Route for more than two centuries, between the early 16th and the 17th centuries. Most ships employed in this route belonged to the Nau type and were among the largest and strongest ships of their time. Although extremely interesting, there is presently very little knowledge about the technical characteristics of these ships. The reason is that they were built in a preindustrial era when technical design and documentation procedures almost did not exist. The method that is presently being applied by the authors to investigate the technical characteristics of these ancient ships combines the analysis of archaeological remains, the interpretation of contemporary texts on shipbuilding, and modern naval architecture techniques. The paper starts by describing the shipwreck discovered recently at the mouth of the Tagus River, known as the Pepper Wreck, which was identified as the Portuguese ship Nossa Senhora dos Mártires, lost on its return voyage from Cochim, India, on September 14, 1606. This is the first significant shipwreck of a Portuguese Nau comprehensively excavated and analyzed by Nautical Archeologists, and in fact the resulting data made possible the study presented here. Based on the analysis of the archaeological remains and on contemporary texts, including Portuguese shipbuilding treatises, a reconstruction of the lines plan and rigging is proposed, as well as the lightweight and cargo distribution on board. The cargo spaces resulting from the reconstruction of the hull are evaluated using ancient tonnage measurement techniques and modern naval architecture techniques to evaluate the cargo capacity of the ship. The intact floatability and stability of the ship are also investigated and compared with modern stability criterion appropriate for large sailing vessels.
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Nossov, K. S., S. R. Muratova, and I. V. Balyunov. "Defensive Walls of Tobolsk Kremlin: a Historical and Architectural Sketch." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 8 (August 24, 2021): 414–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-8-414-437.
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The article was prepared in connection with the announcement of the year of Semyon Ulyanovich Remezov in the city of Tobolsk in 2021. Information has been collected on the history of the construction and rebuilding of the fortress walls and towers of the Tobolsk Kremlin, which rarely attracted the attention of researchers. A review of the history of the fence construction in the Sofia courtyard is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the stages of the construction of the Kremlin stone walls, the surviving elements of defensive architecture in them. The authors clarify some provisions from the classical works of V. I. Kochedamov, draw on new sources, including photographs from restoration work in the middle of the 20th century from the funds of the Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve. The results of a comparative architectural analysis of the Kremlin walls of Tobolsk with synchronous and previous monuments of Russian military architecture are presented in the article. It has been established that the walls of the Tobolsk Kremlin were more of a symbolic-decorative than a military char-acter. It was determined that they represented a symbiosis of the Moscow Kremlin architecture of the late 15th century with the architecture of the Smolensk fortress wall, 17th century monastery fences and, possibly, the fence of the Bishops' court in Rostov.
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Колесникова, Л., Lyudmila Kolesnikova, С. Семенцов, and S. Semencov. "BELGOROD CITY MANSIONS OF THE XVIII CENTURY." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 3, no. 3 (March 25, 2018): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5abfc9bd493b67.14636641.
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The article deals with the historical aspects of the appearance of a new urban development policy in Russia at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries during the reign of Peter the Great, due to the fact that this era was the turning point in the history of Russian town-planning. In the interests of the state the urban policy was carried out, which was intended to provide the necessary fire-prevention and sanitary measures. The article describes the construction in Belgorod according to a new regular plan in 1768, designed by the architect A.V. Kvasov. It analyzes the architecture of the extant stone-built city manor buildings through the example of the House of merchant Selivanov – a remarkable architectural monument of urban homesteads, having no counterparts in the city, and the House of the noblewoman Rebinina. The compositional aspects of "exemplary" designs for houses in the end of the 18th century are considered.
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Valeriani, Simona. "Lovers, Gentlemen and Farmers." Nuncius 31, no. 3 (2016): 584–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03103003.
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This article takes as a starting point amateur architects in 17th-century England. It considers architectural writings including Henry Wotton’s Elements of Architecture (1624), Sir Balthasar Gerbier’s Councel and Advice to All Builders (1663) as well as Sir Roger Pratt’s and Sir Roger North’s notes on architecture and several building manuals. It enquires into the different kinds of knowledge and professional figures associated with architecture in the period. The paper scrutinizes how being a lover of architecture influenced the actors’ approach to other branches of knowledge such as garden design and agriculture. Did being an amateur shape the way in which one went about apparently more trivial aspects of life such as managing one’s estate? Comparing Roger Pratt’s unpublished notes with other contemporary sources on agriculture and estate management, it provides an insight into distinctive ways in which “amateurs” approached the subject.
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Gerasimov, A. P., and M. I. Korzh. "The influence of classicism on urban planning in West Siberia." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 23, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2021-23-3-81-97.
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The of direction and style terms are of great importance in architecture and art history. The same names may have sometimes a completely different meaning. Classicism as one of the main trends in world architecture and art is now quite freely interpreted by different authors, which results in inaccurate definitions of architectural style of an object and the time of its construction. All this creates certain difficulties in studying not only historical buildings, but also their restoration or reconstruction.The article raises several questions related to the direction style. The first is the origins of the style that spread throughout Europe and Russia since the mid of the 17th century and continues today. Both classicism and its architectural styles require clarification and understanding. The second issue concerns the architecture and development of Siberian cities. The third question describes the influence of classicism on urban planning in West Siberia.
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Islam, Muhaiminul, and Hasan Muntasir. "Tropicality of Colonial Heritage Buildings in a Deltaic Landscape: British Colonial Architecture in Khulna." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the tropics 19, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 72–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.19.2.2020.3762.
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During the 17th-18th century colonial period on the Indian subcontinent, British colonial architecture flourished – including in the Bengal Delta. Although colonial architecture was inherently different from the traditional architecture of this tropical region, the monsoon climate and deltaic landscape forced colonial style buildings to incorporate a number of tropical architectural features to ensure climatic comfort. In the contemporary period, due to pressure from population density, many colonial buildings have been demolished and replaced with multi-story buildings. However, the tropical forces of this deltaic region need to be evaluated in order to re-create climate responsive architecture. This study aims to identify tropical architectural features inherent within colonial buildings of Khulna, Bangladesh, a city which formed a junction in the deltaic region during the colonial period. Four colonial buildings have been selected as case studies: two residential buildings, one mixed-use building, and a school. Tropical features were analysed from photographic data, and reproductions of plans and sections of the selected buildings, in order to reveal the significant tropical architectural features of these colonial period buildings. The case studies reveal structural and design elements that aided ventilation and air flow, and controlled solar radiation, humidity and driving rain. The findings aim to encourage practicing architects to rethink climate responsiveness in contemporary buildings in Bangladesh, by revealing how, a century ago, colonial buildings were influenced by the tropical deltaic climate, which impacted foreign architectural ideology and practice.
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Shahani, Mohammadhossein. "PURSUING THE CONCEPT OF EXISTENCE IN THE DESIGNS OF CIVIC CENTERS: THE 17TH–18TH – CENTURY PERSIA." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 43, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jau.2019.10365.
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In recent decades, the concept of existence is increasingly becoming a significant subject in contemporary studies of architecture. However, its concerns in architecture cannot be denied in the last centuries. In the 17th-century Persia, a philosophical movement had effects on the concept of existence, which coincided with the urban developments, and the establishment of novel civic centers. With respect to philosophical backgrounds of architecture, this study aims to interpret the concept of existence in the designs of civic centers. For this purpose, the primacy of existence to essence, and bestowing of presence are illustrated to analyze the presentations in the designs of civic centers in that era. Then, the presentations are categorized to elucidate manifesting units in the designs of civic centers. Finally, the result of this study presents principles applied in the designs of civic centers, based on the concept of existence
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Geiges, Hansjörg. "Facets of the cultural history of mathematics." European Review 8, no. 4 (October 2000): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700005044.
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This article highlights the position of mathematics within general culture at various stages of the development of Western civilization. Special emphasis is given to the role of mathematics in Greek philosophy, the influence of mathematics on Gothic architecture and the place of mathematics in 17th and 18th century society. Literary quotations illustrate the shifts in the view of mathematics in society.
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Durán-Suárez, Jorge Alberto, María Paz Sáez-Pérez, Rafael Peralbo-Cano, and Víctor M. Fernández-Martínez. "Classical construction techniques in 17th century Jesuit architecture. Tools for the restoration of historic heritage." Journal of Cultural Heritage 35 (January 2019): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2018.04.024.
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Degtyarev, Vladislav V. "Gothic Revival and the Possibility of “Gothic Survival”." Observatory of Culture 15, no. 5 (December 14, 2018): 576–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2018-15-5-576-583.
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The notion of “Gothic survival” is still prevalent in literature on Gothic revival architecture in England. This concept implies the possibility of the unreflexive survival of Gothic architectural tradition in some distant provincial regions, where architects, searching connections with the past or folk traditions, could find it. This notion, dating back to the literature of the beginning of the 20th century, can be convincingly refuted by analyzing the meanings and purposes of different stages of Gothic revival. The article aims to demonstrate that the use of Gothic architectural forms in the second half of the 17th — beginning of the 18th century was initiated by intellectuals and had no connection to the preservation of artisan traditions.The courtiers of Elizabeth I, re-enacting mediaeval romances and Arthurian legends, conducted the earliest known Gothic revival. The relation between Elizabethan architecture and Gothic tradition has been discussed many times. And in later decades — during the Stuart era, the Commonwealth and after the Restoration — Gothic colleges and churches were extensively built.Basing on the sources available, it can be assumed that, though there was not any chronological break in Gothic architectural tradition, Gothic revival had been ideologically biased from its very beginning. We can also say that the spread of classical architecture in England not only was unable to destroy the Gothic tradition, but also gave it new meanings and almost immediately made any appeal to Gothic forms an ideological statement.
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Gruk, Wojciech. "Alle drey Ding vollkomen sind! On the Meaning of Naming the Church after Holy Trinity According to Josua Wegelin, Preacher in Pressburg, Anno 1640." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 48, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.10125.
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Based on two erudite occasional prints from 1640, commemorating the consecration of the new Lutheran church in Bratislava, the article concerns the meaning of a church name in the mid-17th century Lutheran religious culture. The issue is set and discussed in the broader context of Lutheran theology regarding places of cult: what is a Lutheran place of cult, what is its sacredness, what is the relationship between church architecture and the worship space it determines. From the perspective of cultural studies, the article provides an insight into the process of imposing the architecture with symbolic meaning.
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Prasad, Arjun, Kumar Pallav, and Deepak K. Singh. "Seismic Behaviour of 17th Century Khusro Tomb due to Site-Specific Ground Motion." Open Civil Engineering Journal 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501913010026.
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Introduction: Site Specific time history analysis is performed on a 17th century old Khusro Tomb built-in 1622 A.D. by Sultan Nisar Begum. It is a beautiful example of Mughal architecture. Methods: A 3-D finite element model is prepared on Ansys Workbench. Gravity analysis results show the behaviour of Tomb due to its geometry and stress variation is plotted in a form of contour. Modal analysis results show the first three frequencies of Khusro Tomb viz., 21.62, 21.68 and 25.38 Hz. In the absence of earthquake record, the stochastic finite fault model is used to generate synthetic site-specific time history to assess the seismic behaviour of the tomb. Results and Conclusion: Time history analysis results shows that the Khusro Tomb's geometrical configuration is adequate to withstand the earthquake due to nearest Allahabad fault. The critical elements of the Tomb are highlighted based on analysis that can be effectively used for the maintenance of the Tomb.
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Eriksson, Niklas. "The ship Riksäpplet and the introduction of English naval architecture in Sweden in the 17th century." Post-Medieval Archaeology 51, no. 2 (May 4, 2017): 309–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00794236.2017.1371376.
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Briceño, Carolina, Susana Moreira, Maria F. Noel, Mauricio Gonzales, Eduarda Vila-Chã, and Rafael Aguilar. "SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF A 17th CENTURY ADOBE CHURCH IN THE PERUVIAN ANDES." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 13, no. 1 (July 26, 2018): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2018.1497224.
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Ariani, Ariani. "Perubahan Fungsi pada Museum Fatahillah Ditinjau dari Teori Poskolonial." Humaniora 6, no. 4 (October 30, 2015): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v6i4.3377.
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The Museum of Jakarta Historical, which popularly known as Fatahillah museum, is one of the importance historical buildings in Indonesia with abudance hictorical value. This neoclassic architectural building that was built around the 17th century had already been altered its function for several times, such as: a city hall (stadhius), the house of parliament, a prison especially to hang the convict, a military dorm in the end of colonial period, and a museum in the independence period. All changes of the Fatahillah Museum were observered with qualitative method accompanying with hermeneutics approach to describe its post-colonial study as a relevance result to its casual critical issue and culture. Hence, it could give another perspective of the meaning behind the colonization that ever happened and its impact nowadays. Today, the Fatahillah museum is still standing strong and majestic. The beauty of the architecture becomes a marker that colonial architecture has contributed indirectly to the development of architecture in Indonesia, apart from its function in the past. By studying the interpreted means of the Fatahillah Museum changes in function, the inheritance task is to care for and to preserve the Fatahillah Museum as one of historical witnesses.
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Marshall, David. "A View of Poggioreale by Viviano Codazzi and Domenico Gargiulo." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 45, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990127.
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This study attempts to establish the extent to which a painting by Viviano Codazzi and Domenico Gargiulo of the villa Poggioreale as an architectural capriccio can be used as a record of the appearance of the villa in the mid-17th century. By correlating the painting with the plan of the villa in the Carafa map and the Baratta view, a new reconstruction of the layout of the villa garden is proposed.
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Carpinteri, A., Stefano Invernizzi, and G. Lacidogna. "Structural Assessment of a 17th-Century Masonry Vault with Acoustic Emissions and Numerical Techniques." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 1, no. 2 (May 31, 2007): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583050701287649.
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Garin, Alberto, Osmín De la Maza, and Enrique Castaño. "The construction of the Cathedral of Antigua Guatemala in the 17th century from the pictorial documents." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 2, no. 2 (December 21, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2017.8794.
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<p>In 1678, the painter Antonio Ramírez elaborated a picture explaining the condition of the works of the cathedral of Santiago de Guatemala (now la Antigua Guatemala), a picture that allows us to establish the evolution undergone by the cathedral from the second half of the XVII century to its current state. Throughout this evolution, we want to highlight those construction elements that have been able to withstand not only the course of time, but above all, the force of the numerous earthquakes that have affected Guatemala since 1678 until today. In addition, Ramirez's work offers a series of brief but very illustrative brushstrokes on the organization of a construction in the second half of the XVII century, data that enriches the history of Guatemalan colonial architecture.</p>
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Omilanowska, Małgorzata. "Architectural Reconstructions in post-war Poland." Architectura 46, no. 1 (December 30, 2016): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/atc-2016-0003.
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AbstractThe article is an attempt at identifying the positive and negative effect the decisions to reconstruct monuments made immediately following the end of World War II and that of reconstructing Warsaw’s Royal Castle made 25 years after the war had on the perception of monuments and the historical value of the urban tissue. It is in this perspective that the reconstruction cases performed in Poland after 1989 (namely after the collapse of Communism) and their social impact are analyzed. The examples which are both negative: falsifying historical knowledge and insulting aesthetical criteria, as well as positive: manifesting high instructive values, are pointed to. Moreover, the question is asked how it is possible that in the 21st century people are attracted to the idea of reconstructing monuments which were not destroyed in the course of World War II, but significantly earlier. In Poland, for instance, a political idea has been recently conceived to reconstruct several dozen mediaeval castles ruined in the 17th century
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Wescoat Jr., James L., and Smita Rawoot. "Blue-green urban infrastructure in Boston and Bombay (Mumbai): a macro-historical geographic comparison." ZARCH, no. 15 (January 27, 2021): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.2020154857.
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This study offers a macro-historical geographic comparison of blue-green urban infrastructure in the coastal cities of Boston, USA and Mumbai (formerly Bombay), India. After introducing the aims and methods of comparative historical geography, we focus on the insights that these two cases offer. Their stories begin with ancient coastal fishing settlements, followed by early processes of urbanization and fortification in the 17th century. By the late-18th century Anglo-American merchants in Boston were trading with Parsi merchants in Bombay, at a time when Bostonians had little more to sell than ice in exchange for India’s fine textiles. From the early-19th century onwards, the two maritime cities undertook surprisingly parallel processes of land reclamation and water development. Boston commissioned blue-green infrastructure proposals at the urban scale, from Frederick Law Olmsted’s Back Bay Fens to Charles Eliot’s Metropolitan Park District Plan—innovations that offer more than a century of lessons in environmental performance and resilience. The two cities developed parallel “Esplanade,” “Back Bay,” and “Reclamation” projects. None of these projects anticipated the magnitude of 20th century land, water, and infrastructure change. Both cities have begun to address the increasing risks of urban flooding, sea level rise, and population displacement, but they need bolder metropolitan visions of blue-green urban infrastructure to address emerging climate change and water hazards.
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Tóth, Attila, Axel Timpe, Richard Stiles, Doris Damyanovic, István Valánszki, Alena Salašová, Agata Cieszewska, and Elizabeth Brabec. "Small Sacral Christian Architecture in the Cultural Landscapes of Europe." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 22, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2019-0001.
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Abstract Though often overlooked due to its scale, small sacral Christian architecture has a significant importance in cultural landscapes in Europe and beyond. It represents a shared international cultural heritage and is significant in its diversity, distribution and abundance across cultural landscapes. The tradition of the artistic depiction of the cross in Christianity dates back to the 4th century AD. The first monuments in the form of crosses were placed in open landscapes in Scotland in the 7th century. The most important period for the spread of small sacral architecture of Catholic origin in eastern Europe was during the Baroque, thus most of the preserved small sacral monuments date back to the late 17th,18th and 19th centuries. They are often accompanied by monumental single trees or a compositionally organised group of trees and create a sacred composition of nature and culture. They have become important landmarks, indicators of place and landscape features of spatial organization, representing a significant historical legacy and cultural heritage for future generations. This article elaborates on the origin, historical development and landscape values of small sacral Christian architecture, as well as their relation to separate natural monuments or natural features that create part of the sacral composition, such as memorial trees growing around them. This article introduces the topic of sacral architecture and its contribution to the character and identity of European cultural landscapes.
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Haryati, Sophia Ratna. "ASIMILASI ARSITEKTUR DI LASEM JAWA TENGAH." Sustainable, Planning and Culture (SPACE) : Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota 1, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/space.v1i1.257.
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The process of cultural acculturation and archipelago architecture began since the entry of traders who bring valueand cultural elements which then synergize with local culture. From history, we can see, many forms of archipelagoarchitecture has since opened up to the influence of the outer culture that comes in. The cities of Lasem, Tuban and Gresikin the North Coast in the Eastern part of Java Island are the cities that became the starting point of entry of foreigntraders. So do not be surprised if the shape of the architecture of the North Coast area in the eastern part of Java isheavily influenced by Chinese, Arabic, and Colonial cultural values. This is reinforced by historical data about the entryof 13th century Chinese culture, Arabic in the fifteenth century and the Dutch (VOC) in the 17th century. The entry ofChinese, Arab, and Dutch Culture to Indonesia in the glorious period of the Majapahit Kingdom gave a touch of changeand continuity in various cultural activities. Traces of relations between these cultures that eventually create a form ofacculturation of architecture that appears from the shape and meaning of existing buildings in the area of the North Coastin the Eastern part of Java Island. From the exploration process conducted by phenomenological approach that focuseson the process of acculturation of architecture, will be able to prove that Lasem Region is an expression of acculturationbetween Chinese culture, Middle East, Colonial, and Java through its concepts.
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Vaniushin, Artem S. "St. Hyacinth’s Church in Warsaw: The Problem of References to Gothic in Polish Architecture of the 17th Century." Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art 8 (2018): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa188-1-12.
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Olianina, Svitlana. "The Iconostasis as an Image of the Garden of Eden." Culturology Ideas, no. 16 (2'2019) (2019): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37627/2311-9489-16-2019-2.36-45.
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This paper aims to substantiate the hypothesis that the design of the architectural and decorative organization of iconostases of the second half of the seventeenth — first half of the eighteenth centuries is based on the symbolic concept of the iconostasis as an image of a paradise garden. Methodology. The author uses semiotico-hermeneutical and iconological approaches as a methodological basis of this study. The iconological methodology allows to study the architectural and decorative organization of the iconostasis from new meaningful positions. The semiotico-hermeneutical approach was applied to interpret the culturally predetermined forms of the Ukrainian iconostasis and its basic symbolic foundations. Results. The author examines the reasons for the transformation of architectural and decorative design of iconostases of the second half of the 17th — the first half of the 18th century in an icon of the mountain. The paper shows that such changes occur in the iconostasis as a realization of the concept of the iconostasis as an icon of the Garden of Eden represented as a garden on a mountain in Christian exegesis. Novelty. The article proposes a hypothesis explaining the symbolic basis of composition and decoration of iconostases of the time. It proposes to link the changes in the iconostasis architecture with the theological concepts actual of Ukrainian society of the 17th-18th centuries. The practical significance. The information provided may be used for researching further the semantics of iconostasis and developing the new courses of lectures and seminars in history of Ukrainian art and culture.
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Özkaya, Hatice Gökçen. "Case issues and data on houses in the 17th century Istanbul Kadı registers." A/Z : ITU journal of Faculty of Architecture 16, no. 3 (2019): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/itujfa.2019.67044.
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Shirajom Monira Khondker. "Study of the Distinguishing Features of Mughal Mosque in Dhaka: A Case of Sat Gambuj Mosque." Creative Space 6, no. 2 (January 8, 2019): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2019.62007.
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Mosque is the main focal point of Islamic spirit and accomplishments. All over the world in the Muslim settlements mosque becomes an edifice of distinct significance which is introduced by Prophet Muhammad (Sm.). Since the initial stage of Islam, Muslim architecture has been developed as the base point of mosque. Mosque architecture in medieval time uncovering clearly its sacred identity especially during the pre-Mughal and Mughal period in Bengal. Dhaka, the capital city of independent Bangladesh, is known as the city of mosques. The Mughal mosques of Dhaka are the exceptional example of mosque architecture wherever the ideas and used materials with distinguishing features have been successfully integrated in the medieval context of Bengal. In this research study, the author selected a unique historical as well as Dhaka’s most iconic Mughal era Mosque named “Sat Gambuj Mosque” (Seven Domed Mosque). The mosque, built in the 17th century, is a glowing illustration of Mughal Architecture with seven bulbous domes crowning the roof of the mosque, covering the main prayer area. It is undoubted that this magnificent ancient Mughal mosque is the material evidence of our glorious past with research worthy features and architectural details. This study is an attempt to identify the tangible distinguishing features of the Mughal mosque as well as the selected outstanding historical Mughal mosque. The overall research study conducted here is focused on the accomplishment of the findings in order to relate those distinguishing features with the Mughal mosque characteristics based on the morphological character, architectural features, structure and decoration which will be represented own belief, historical values and cultural exclusivity to the architecture.
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Cubero Hernández, Antonio, and Silvia Arroyo Duarte. "Colonial Architecture in Panama City. Analysis of the Heritage Value of Its Monastic Buildings." Designs 4, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs4040057.
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The Historic District of Panama City was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1997 for representing an exceptional example of 17th century colonial urban planning in the Americas. This article focuses on the specific analysis of the deteriorated monastic typology, highlighting its historical role as an articulating piece of the original urban layout designed in 1673 after the transfer from Panamá Viejo to the current location and which continues today. Our methodology consisted of reviewing the different stages of each of these buildings, extracting common events, and identifying the examples of the greatest value loss, with the aim of enhancing and highlighting their historical footprint. This study includes approaches from urbanism, architectural history, and heritage preservation that allows us to discuss possible tools, either for protection or adaptative reuse, to avoid the deterioration of such important historical heritage.
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Borodovsky, A. P. "Sections of the Early 18th Century Ditch at Fort Umrevinsky." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 49, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.094-100.
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This article describes identified sections of an early 18th century ditch at Fort Umrevinsky in the Upper Ob Basin. Such protective structures mark a certain stage in the evolution of military engineering in the era of Peter the Great (1694–1725) in southwestern Siberia. The design of the earliest parts of the preserved ditches allows us to address the influence of European fortification on Early Modern Russian defensive architecture. Several factors affecting the depth and profile of early 18th century ditches at Umrevinsky are discussed. They include seasonality of specialized trenching tools and the adoption and transformation of European fortification principles by 17th and early 18th Russian military engineers. At Umrevinsky, apart from the specific profile of the ditch, specialized tools were revealed, similar to those mentioned in documents on 18th century fortification. Also, specific features of the preserved parts of the ditch mirror the utmost irregularity in adoption of de Vauban’s fortification principles of the Tsardom of Muscovy, including Siberia. Our finds at Fort Umrevinsky supplement the scarce descriptions of Siberian forts in Russian documents.
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Shvidkovsky, Dmitry. "The Architecture of the Enlightenment and the Birth of Modernity: from the High Baroque to Late Classicism." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 16, no. 3 (September 10, 2020): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2020-16-3-47-60.
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The article is devoted to the architecture of the Enlightenment in a broad sense. The author is convinced that this period is the time of the beginning of Modernity, the birth of the Early Modern Times architecture. He thinks that the cycle of the development of humanity, which architecture has been expressing most clearly of all other arts since the 17th century - the epoch of the English Revolution, has not ended yet. The ideas developed at that time continue to exist in our minds. They are still actual for contemporary architecture, developing it and solving the problems established at our civilization’s birth. The most contemporary ideas: of the sustainable architecture, natural, biologically orientated, friendly to the environment, which create the world of the perfect natural man preserving the ideals of the Ancients and the Moderns, creativity, and technologies – they are all directly linked to the ideas which were on the agenda of the architectural theory of England, France, Russia, Italy, Germany of the Age of Enlightenment. They were put into practice in the implemented designs of those times. The panorama of the European art of building, including Russian as one of the central laboratories of the Enlightenment during which the vast country’s territory underwent reforms, is truly gigantic. The author cites the main theories of the period in question. He shows one of the main qualities of the art of architecture from the High Baroque style to the Late Classicism, and further – up to postmodernism and even sustainable architecture: the attempt to create the environment, in which architecture would emphasize different aspects of meaning, would become architecture parlante as Claude Ledoux said. The interaction of several stylistic trends took place during the implementation of the stated process. In this process, the author underlines the importance of the Baroque’s universal character and the ideology of the Enlightenment, which gave birth to the “clever choice” of architectural forms.
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Hronová Šafářová, Lucie. "Compositional development of spaces related to the fortification of cities from the point of view of garden art and landscape architecture." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 8 (2012): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260080087.
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The article deals with the specific urban and suburban spaces where landscape design and garden art were confronted with existing or later disappearing fortification system. It analyses structures related to the landscape architecture from the baroque and classical times to the era of the pseudohistorical style, from the end of the 17th century to the end of the 19th century, with special interest devoted to the less known historical forms of the 18th century and their development. Using detailed historical maps and plans, the research reveals elements of landscape architecture in smaller or larger scale of several types – gardens close to the city walls, tree plantings and gardens on the fortification bastions, gardens and promenade alleys under them on the glacis or private gardens on the surrounding grounds, that were still influenced by the existence of the fortification system.Two historically important Moravian cities were used here as an example – Brno and Olomouc, where main types of green spaces (near the walls on their both sides) and several possible ways of their development were followed and analysed, and specific types of compositional and spatial development were defined. These could be understood as basic ‘evolution types’ specific for central European cities in general, and can be found in variations in other cities and towns in this region.
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Válek, Jan, Olga Skružná, Petr Kozlovcev, Dita Frankeová, Petra Mácová, Alberto Viani, and Ivana Kumpová. "Composition and Technology of the 17th Century Stucco Decorations at Červená Lhota Castle in Southern Bohemia." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 14, no. 7 (March 6, 2020): 1042–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2020.1731627.
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Sitnikova, E. V. "ARCHITECTURE OF KOLPASHEVO INFLUENCED BY LOCAL ENTREPRENEURS." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 22, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2020-22-5-9-24.
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The paper examines the historical and cultural heritage of the Kolpashevo town founded in the 17th century in the Tomsk region. The architecture of the individual objects built by the local entrepreneurs late in the 19th and early 20th centuries is studied. The paper replenishes knowledge on the valuable historical and cultural heritage of the Russian towns and discussesи the problem of preserving historical settlements at the regional level.The purpose of this work is to study the history of the architecture development in Kolpashevo with the assistance of local entrepreneurs.The research methods include the literature review and the comparative and systems analysis of the data obtained. The practical implications of the research lie in using the obtained results in the lecture preparation and reports on the history of the Siberian architecture.The novelty is the study of the historical and cultural heritage of Kolpashevo, one of the small towns of Russia, which has not been previously studied. The methodological and theoretical bases include the theoretical works of scientists, historians and architects, and the field study conducted by the author in 2019.It is found that the Kolpashevo town has a great potential, including the valuable historical and cultural heritage, the rich history and unique nature. It is advisable to pay attention to the potential preservation and development of this historical town.
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Korczyński, Adam. "Dokumentacja fotograficzna kościoła Świętej Katarzyny w Krakowie w zbiorze fotografii Karola Lanckorońskiego." Rocznik Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN 64 (2019): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25440500rbn.19.006.14149.
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The Photographic Documentation of St Catherine’s Church in Cracow in Karol Lanckoroński’s Collection of Photographs A collection of photographs gathered by Karol Lanckoroński serves as a kind of photographic archive today. Because of the authorship of photographs kept there, this collection is not only of documentary, but also collector’s and artistic value. Kept in the Phototheque of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, this 19th-century photographic documentation contains, among others, photographs concerning St Catherine’s Church and the Augustinians’ monastery in the Cracow district of Kazimierz, as well as historic items and works of art connected with these sites. Most of the 47 identified thematic prints are signed with the surname Krieger. Made in Ignacy Krieger’s Studio, the photographic documentation of St Catherine’s Church that Karol Lanckoroński decided to put in his collection separates a number of thematic categories that are its characteristic features: the architecture of the church and the monastery, sepulchral architecture and sculpture, panel painting and the main altar serving as an example of 17th-century “monumental woodcarving”. Thus, the photographs described in the paper serve as interesting and valuable archive materials.
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Sylwia Czyż, Anna. "XVII a. Vilniaus rūmų architektūra – sintezės bandymas." Lietuvos istorijos metraštis 2020/2 (December 2, 2020): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/25386549-202002002.
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THE ARCHITECTURE OF 17TH-CENTURY PALACES IN VILNIUS: AN ATTEMPT OF SYNTHESIS The article sets out to make a synthetic analysis of residential architecture in Vilnius from the 17th century that has hitherto been little analysed in research literature. Vilnius, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, was where every significant magnate had to have an appropriate residence, in order to be acknowledged in the political arena. Palaces that met the needs and ambitions of their owners not only played a public role, but also served as a venue for magnate family and their clients gatherings. By merging with the living organism of the city, they were not only a sustainable decoration, but at times would also represent their owners’ religious and political standpoint. An analysis of Vilnius’ topography helps to identify parts of the city that were considered more prestigious than others. These were mainly the area around the Grand Duke’s Palace and the cathedral, and along the via regia, which was where the Radvilas (Radziwiłłs) settled in the Middle Ages. One of the largest palaces in Vilnius, that of Mykolas Kazimieras Pacas (Michał Kazimierz Pac), was built there. The Radvilas also had property in Lukiškės, where members of the family would build residences. At the end of the 17th century, the Sapiega (Sapieha) family followed in their footsteps, not only by building a palace in Antakalnis, but also establishing a jurisdiction in the suburb. Palaces in the city were built in accordance with the linear development of the streets, at times on irregular-shaped plots of land, with buildings in the courtyards (such as the residences of the Bžostovskis (Brzostowski) and Pacas families). However, vast plots of land were used for residences on the outskirts of the city, and particularly in the suburbs, which were often surrounded by gardens, and included folwarks and even menageries (the Sapiega Palace in Antakalnis, and the Radvila Palace in Lukiškės, which later merged with the newly formed suburb of Žvėrynas). A separate issue to consider in the future is the relations between the estates and the religious buildings in the area, where families had mausoleums, or at least where they supported the parish. Some examples are the Gosievskis (Gosiewski) Palace on Bokšto Street and the chapel in St Casimir’s Church; the Bžostovskis Palace on Dominikonų Street and the altaria in St John’s Church; and the Oginskis Palace in Arklių Street and the family’s relations with and support for the Carmelites. In this respect, the ideal situation was in Antakalnis, where Kazimieras Jonas Sapiega (Kazimierz Jan Sapieha) built the Trinitarian church and monastery next to his palace. Of all the 17th-century palaces in Vilnius today, only those of Jonušas Radvila (Janusz Radziwiłł), Mykolas Kazimieras Pacas, Dominykas Mykolas Sluška (Dominik Michał Słuszka) and Kazimieras Jonas Sapiega have been preserved in a condition suitable for further analysis. Of them, the Pacas Palace can be singled out as a typical city residence, the rest were built as suburban residences. In analysing them, an attempt is made to link them with trends in residential building in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Wróbel, Krystyna, and Wiesław Kubiszyn. "Restoration of the interior of the Summer Lubomirski Palace in Rzeszow." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817403017.
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The Lubomirski Summer Palace is one of the most valuable not sacred monuments of Rzeszow architecture. It was erected in the late baroque style at the end of the 17th century by Hieronim Augustyn Lubomirski as part of a large garden complex around the castle. Times of his glory fall in the mid-18th century. At that time, palace with the surrounding park was extended by Jerzy Ignacy Lubomirski and became a residence willingly visited for recreational purposes. The last private owners of the Palace were Nieć family who sold it to the Regional Medical Chamber in Rzeszów. Since 2014, the palace and its surroundings have been renovated for the seat of the Chamber. The subject of this article is a detailed presentation of the scope and method of the palace interior renovation. This renovation was carried out between 2014 and 2016 on the basis of previously prepared architectural building documentation and detailed renovation technology developed by the author of the article (adapted to the technical condition of the object). The article describes in detail the technical condition of the building before renovation, the scope of renovation works, problems encountered and the final effect - restored interiors of the building with few historic details of their décor.
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Chvátal, Alexandr, and Alexei Verkhratsky. "An Early History of Neuroglial Research: Personalities." Neuroglia 1, no. 1 (August 16, 2018): 245–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/neuroglia1010016.
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Neuroscience, like most other divisions of natural philosophy, emerged in the Hellenistic world following the first experimental discoveries of the nerves connecting the brain with the body. The first fundamental doctrine on brain function highlighted the role for a specific substance, pneuma, which appeared as a substrate for brain function and, being transported through the hollow nerves, operated the peripheral organs. A paradigm shift occurred in 17th century when brain function was relocated to the grey matter. Beginning from the end of the 18th century, the existence of active and passive portions of the nervous tissue were postulated. The passive part of the nervous tissue has been further conceptualised by Rudolf Virchow, who introduced the notion of neuroglia as a connective tissue of the brain and the spinal cord. During the second half of the 19th century, the cellular architecture of the brain was been extensively studied, which led to an in-depth morphological characterisation of multiple cell types, including a detailed description of the neuroglia. Here, we present the views and discoveries of the main personalities of early neuroglial research.
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Balyunov, I. V. "Architectural and Archaeological Studies in the Tobolsk Kremlin During the 1950s (Based on Photographic Documents at the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve)." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 48, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.2.130-139.
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In the 1950s, large-scale excavations were carried out under the Tobolsk Kremlin restoration project in order to examine its monuments of stone architecture. Published accounts of the findings are scarce. Valuable sources of information are the photographic archives of the Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve. Materials include photographs of excavations and photocopies of drafts and plans. Owing to these and certain other sources, it has become possible to say exactly where and how the excavations were conducted, which monuments were detected, and how the findings were used during the restoration of the kremlin. Several dozen test pits made possible to evaluate the condition of the foundations, their layout, and depth. The most important result of the work carried out under F.G. Dubrovin’s guidance, is the study of late 17th century fortifications. Owing to numerous reconstructions, they have survived to this day in a rather fragmented state. Large areas of the northern, southern, and eastern fortifications were revealed, including remains of walls and towers. Their foundations were cleared; their exact location and general layout were assessed.
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Bruyn, J. "Over het 16de en 17de-eeuwse portret in de Nederlanden als memento mori." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 105, no. 4 (1991): 244–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501791x00146.
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AbstractThe two sides of the current debate on the nature of 16th- and 17h-century realism are represented by an interpretation based on the recognition of familiar psychological and social factors on the one hand, and one which is averse to all empathy and endcavours to trace the intellectual process that determined function and meaning of images in the past on the other hand. This formulation of the problem also bears on portraiture, to which certain recent interpretations have assigned the significance of sociological documcnts. It is argued here that the portrait, too, had its place in the metaphorically structured and religiously orientated thought that still played a dominant role in the 17th century. Closely linked with the portrait's primary function - which is to perpetuate the memory of the sitter- is the reminder of death and transience cncountered in many (not all!) portraits. In a Family Group painted in 1661 by Jan Mytens in Dublin (fig. 1), the father points to two figurcs on the left who arc obviously deceased (as the papaver comniferum in front of them probably indicates). The piece of paper in his pointing hand is a frequent attribute of sitters in early sixteenth-century portraits, rolled up or folded (fig. 2). Seventeenth-century texts and a large number of vanitas still lifes (fig. 3) suggest that the motif was a symbol of transience: it is in this capacity that it was still being used a century ago in tomb sculpture (together with a skull) (fig. 4). The early sixteenth century saw not only the introduction of the sheet of paper but of a number of other motives which endowed the by now autonomous portrait with a religious meaning and which, together with more familiar symbols such as the skull, hourglass and carnation, alluded to the transience of earthly existcncc and the hope of eternal life. Some of them were only occasionally used, others (like the sheet of papicr) maintained their status as fixed items in the iconographic tradition. They include: - the glove (figs. 5 and 7): a frequently used motif (chiefly, but not exclusively, in male portraits) whose meaning the rejection of the false illusion of eartly existence and the search for truc life in the hereafter becomes only apparent from a relatively late printed source; - the cast shadow (fig. 7), which features in various biblical texts as an image of earthly transience and in the 16th and 17th centuries (in portraits, as well as genre scenes and still lifcs) was clearly understood as such; - musical instruments (fig. 8), which not only suggested the harmony of married life but also, due to their short lived sounds, were used as a vanitas motif in portraits and still lifes; - sumptuous architecture (fig. 8), which recalled the wealth of the rich man in Luke 12 and hence, again, the brief enjoyment of earthly possessions. Used less often, but with similar implications, were: - the butterfly (notes 42-44); - the vase of flowers (fig. 9); - the broken column (fig. 10). The meaning of the frequently occurring intact column, sometimes in combination with a curtain is still unclear. Even quite late in the 17th century a new motif was introduced in portraits to express he old vanitas idea: the waterfall, which notably in works by Jacob van Ruisdael had developed into an accepted vanitas motif (fig. 11).
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Laznibat, Zehra, and Mladen Obad Šćitaroci. "Urban Area ”Na Andriji” in the Historic Core of Dubrovnik." Prostor 26, no. 1 (55) (June 21, 2018): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31522/p.26.1(55).4.
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This paper is the first complete and systematic study on the spatial and historical development of the urban area Na Andriji in the historic core of Dubrovnik. The history of the monastic complexes of St Andrew and St Mark between the 13th and the 17th century serves as a basis for analysis of their urban setting and structure, subdivision of land, streets and dominant buildings and their effects on the urban fabric. The research results are used in the preservation and revitalization of archaeological heritage.
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Knobling, Clemens. "Das Turnierhaus am Münchner Hofgarten." Architectura 47, no. 1-2 (July 24, 2019): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/atc-2017-0002.
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AbstractThe tournament house at the Munich Hofgarten was once a place of glittering festivals and spectacles. There, tournaments on horseback, as well as elaborately staged theater performances and court balls took place. Despite its former importance, the building is more or less forgotten, possibly because it had to give way to the urban redevelopment of Munich in 1825. The great feature of the building was its construction, especially the roofing, which held additional places for spectators. The master builder, Marx Schinnagl, created a construction that spanned over 23.30 m, without any support and without tie beams. The tournament house with its roofing system, which was exceptional for the 17th century, was reconstructed in the course of recent research and rebuilt as a model.
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Sharkey, John. "Fascia and tensegrity: The quintessence of a unified systems conception." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 9, no. 1.2 (February 20, 2021): 7874–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2020.251.
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The heterogeneous connective tissue fascia is constructed upon a tensegrity-based architecture providing cells and organism’s with stability coupled with mobility. A term coined by Sharkey and Avison “Fasciategrity” used for the first time at the British Fascia Symposium 2018, speaks of the relationship of balance and integrity within the fascial net. Tensegrity construction principles provide an opportunity to deliver, to medical trainees and post-graduate medical specialists, a unified systems conception of living form and function. In this the 21st century anatomists are ready to move away from a mechanical view of the human corpus based on a 17th century model of parts and levers. A new emphasis is required to integrate current models and theories that substantiate fascia as the connected, unifying, continuous universal singularity that permeates the entire soma. Such models and theories are complex, however, with increased crosstalk between experts and professionals in fields of specialty, within scientific disciplines, a new paradigm is emerging. This new unified systems approach to human anatomy and physiology has the potential to impact global healthcare. A unified systems model of human anatomy (with a special focus on the architecture of fascia) is one that is predicated upon a specific ‘nature inspired’ tensegrity architecture utilizing soft matter as the building material during embryonic self-construction. Self-construction leads to emerging transformations that are driven by both genetic and epigenetic stresses [i.e., biochemical and biophysical cues] embracing collective behaviour with emerging small world networks that utilize non-linear dynamics. Time is a key component as self-organization occurs in a hierarchical time-dependent/temporal sequalae. This short paper focuses on the essential architectural characteristics of cells and multi-cellular organisms that supports a living unified system. While the human body is a true reflection of infinity and continuity it also possesses virtual boarders, boundaries and compartmentalization’s. Such virtual borders and boundaries are self-constructed connections, disconnections and compartments necessary for physiology, metabolism and autoimmune responses reflecting evolutionary contingency. KEY WORDS: Fascia, Tensegrity, Continuity, Unified Systems, Biotensegrity, Stability, Embryology.
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Wismayer, Amber, Carolyn Susan Hayles, and Nick McCullen. "The Role of Education in the Sustainable Regeneration of Built Heritage: A Case Study of Malta." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 3, 2019): 2563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092563.
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Vernacular architecture has great historical, cultural and architectonic value, but also much potential for reducing energy demand. However, the eco-refurbishment of heritage buildings within Mediterranean countries poses particular challenges. The research presented in this paper is part of a wider study aiming to develop an effective framework for the sustainable regeneration of heritage buildings in Malta, using the 17th-century Presidential Palace of San Anton, Attard, as a case study. This paper focuses on the role of education in this field. Through qualitative research, including workshops with stakeholders, a stakeholders focus group and a public questionnaire, the awareness levels, educational background and attitudes of key stakeholders were analysed and assessed, as was the policy framework within which they operate. Interventions were found to be required at all levels. Increased awareness and education, a supportive policy framework, and a shift in the perceptions and attitudes of several key stakeholders were identified as crucial in ensuring that interventions on heritage buildings do not negatively affect their environmental performance, and/or impact their architectural and cultural value. This paper features recommendations outlining a supportive strategy for improving the knowledge base of stakeholders, including students, professionals, the public, policy-makers and operators.
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Alamsyah P., Suwardi. "ARSITEKTUR TRADISIONAL RUMAH KAMPUNG PULO." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v3i1.273.
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AbstrakRumah tradisional Kampung Pulo dibangun oleh Embah Dalem Syarif Muhammad, sekitar abad ke-17. Pembangunan keenam rumah dan sebuah masigit yang kini berada di Desa Cangkuang Kecamatan Leles, Kabupaten Garut, diperuntukkan keenam putrinya dan seorang putranya. Arsitektur tradisional rumah Kampung Pulo, mencirikan unsur budaya Sunda, baik bentuk, struktur, dan ragam hiasnya walau tidak secara langsung, tetapi tetap mempertahankan tata nilai yang ada sepanjang perjalanan sejarahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali dan memahami peranan masyarakat di dalam mempertahankan arsitektur rumah serta fungsi simbol-simbol dalam kehidupan masyarakat serta hubungannya dengan arsitektur rumah Kampung Pulo. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif analitis. AbstractTraditional houses of Kampung Pulo were built around 17th century by Embah Dalem Syarif Muhammad. These houses comprise six houses for his daughters and a mosque for his son. As a whole, the architecture of the houses reflect Sundanese traditional architecture that preserved its values over history. The goal of the research is to dig and to comprehend the role of the society in preserving the architecture and the function of symbols in the society in relation to the architecture itself. The methodology of research is based on Winarno Surakhmad (1985:139): a method that is used to investigate and to solve problems that covers collecting, analysing and interpreting data, as well as making conclusion based on the research. The author has conducted a descriptive-analytical method.
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Lojović-Milinić, Nina. "Architecture of the orthodox churches in the area of the patriarchate of Peć with the special overview of the architecture in East Herzegovina in the 16th and 17th century." Bastina, no. 48 (2019): 399–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bastina1948399l.
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Skibiński, Franciszek. "Uwagi na temat gdańskiego budownictwa publicznego drugiej połowy XVI i pierwszej połowy XVII wieku pod kątem zaopatrzenia w materiał kamieniarski." Porta Aurea, no. 17 (November 27, 2018): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/porta.2018.17.01.
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Works of architecture and stone sculpture would never have been created without the existence of a supply network enabling access to assets crucial for their production, including stone. Based on archive quarries and analysis of existing works of architecture and stone sculpture, this article focuses on the importation of stone for the building and stonecutting industry in early modern Gdańsk. In the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 17th century the city was experiencing an era of economic prosperity and became a major center of architecture and stone sculpture in the Baltic region and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Gdańsk authorities put much effort into securing suitable stone necessary to carry out their ambitious projects. Builders and sculptors based in the Baltic metropolis applied various kinds of stone imported from abroad, including limestone from Oland and Sweden, sandstone quarried in Bückeburg and Bentheim, Belgian marble, and English alabaster. The kind of stone most commonly used in local architecture and sculpture was, however, the sandstone from the Isle of Gotland. To obtain this material the city authorities often approached the Danish king, as revealed by numerous letters preserved in Gdańsk and Copenhagen archives. Each year several shipments of Gotland stone would arrive in the city, the amount of stone reaching up to 10,000 cubic feet. Some of the material destined for the public building works was then prepared by workers supervised by the ‘Bauknecht’. He was an official appointed by the city authorities to support the public building industry and to facilitate the work of specialized building and sculpting workshops by overlooking low-skilled workers and supply of materials. Some of the local builders and stonecutters were also involved in the importation of stone from Gotland. Besides carrying out major architectural and sculptural works, at least some of the guild masters running large workshops were engaged in the supply of necessary materials. For this reason, they had to maintain a network of professional contacts within the Baltic region and beyond. The most prominent among them was Willem van der Meer, called Barth, a stonecutter from Ghent established in Gdańsk. Between roughly 1590 and 1610, he supplied the city with a large amount of Gotland stone, including that used for the building of the Great Arsenal. Other important members of the local milieu engaged in the stone trade were Willem and Abraham van den Blocke as well as Wilhelm Richter, continuator of Van den Blocke’s enterprise often engaged by the city authorities. These findings broaden our understanding of the professional practices of builders and stone sculptors in Gdańsk and the Baltic region in the late 16th and in the 17th centuries.