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Journal articles on the topic 'Architecture, African'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Dainese, Elisa. "Histories of Exchange." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 74, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 443–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2015.74.4.443.

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During World War II, interest in indigenous South African architecture deepened, leading to studies that challenged modernism and influenced architectural design. Histories of Exchange: Indigenous South Africa in the South African Architectural Record and the Architectural Review remaps the tension between modern and indigenous cultures during the 1940s and 1950s, examining the diaspora of ideas between South Africa and Britain and revealing a new genealogy of postwar architecture. Elisa Dainese addresses indigenous South African architecture as it was seen in the postwar years from the perspectives of two architectural magazines. In doing so, she provides a new theoretical framework that probes the role of architectural journals, considering them as alternative spaces where contact took place among European and African cultures.

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2

Mark, Peter. "Constructing Identity: Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Architecture in the Gambia-Geba Region and the Articulation of Luso-African Ethnicity." History in Africa 22 (January 1995): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171919.

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The precolonial architectural history of the northern Upper Guinea coast from the Gambia to the Geba rivers has yet to be studied in depth. Yet this region, the first to be visited and described by European travelers in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, is among the best-documented parts of sub-Saharan Africa for the four centuries of precolonial African-European contact. The establishment of communities of Luso-African traders in the sixteenth and seventeenth century makes the Gambia-Casamance-Bissau area important to the study of early sustained cultural interaction between Europeans and West Africans.One result of the establishment of Portuguese and Luso-African trading communities was the development of a distinctive style of architecture, suited to the climate and making use of locally-available building materials. The history of the trade itself has been extensively studied by George Brooks. His work, along with that of Jean Boulègue, provides a firm foundation for the study of local architecture and living space. It is not my intention to rewrite these excellent sources, although much of my material is drawn from the same primary documents they have used, and although, in presenting the historical context from which seventeenth-century coastal architecture developed, I necessarily cover some ground that Brooks has already trod.In addition to the history of building styles, several related questions that are highly significant to the history of European-African cultural interaction need to be addressed. These questions include: what were the respective roles of Africans, Europeans, and Luso-Africans in the development of a distinctive architectural style? Is it possible to discern the influence of evolving Luso-African construction on local African architecture? And of local building styles on Afro-European construction? In other words, to what extent does architecture reflect mutual, two-way interaction between European and African society?

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3

Uduku, Ola. "Other Modernisms: Recording Diversity and Communicating History in Urban West Africa." Modern Africa, Tropical Architecture, no. 48 (2013): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/48.a.8zfoufgc.

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Seminal publications on West African Architecture such as Kulterman’s New Architecture in Africa and the Architectural Review’s New Commonwealth Architecture came to define the African Modern Movement as it was understood internationally. This paper explores the specific context within which this new architecture developed and the actors that helped to shape it. Vaughan–Richards’ Ola–Oluwakitan House and Cubitt’s Elder Dempster Offices are analyzed in terms of their engagement with the socio-cultural context in which they were conceived, the site-specific Modernity of the former contrasting the corporate International Style response of the latter.

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4

Abrahamyan, Mira. "Tony Karbo and Kudrat Virk (eds.): The Palgrave Handbook of Peacebuilding in Africa." Czech Journal of International Relations 54, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/mv.1654.

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This handbook offers a critical assessment of the African agenda for conflict prevention, peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding; the challenges and opportunities facing Africa’s regional organisations in their efforts towards building sustainable peace on the continent; and the role of external actors, including the United Nations, Britain, France, and South Asian troop-contributing countries. In so doing, it revisits the late Ali Mazrui’s concept of Pax Africana, calling on Africans to take responsibility for peace and security on their own continent. The creation of the African Union, in 2002, was an important step towards realising this ambition, and has led to the development of a new continental architecture for more robust conflict management. But, as the volume’s authors show, the quest for Pax Africana faces challenges. Combining thematic analyses and case studies, this book will be of interest to both scholars and policymakers working on peace, security, and governance issues in Africa.

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5

Van Hoeymissen, Sara. "Regional Organizations in China's Security Strategy for Africa: The Sense of Supporting “African Solutions to African Problems”." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 40, no. 4 (December 2011): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261104000404.

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African regional organizations play a significant role in maintaining peace and security on their continent. This article looks at how China, as an emerging power in Africa, has incorporated these organizations into its policies on African security crises. It asserts that China has explicitly endorsed regional conflict resolution mechanisms, which it perceives as having a less intrusive impact on third world countries' sovereignty than have initiatives taken under the global collective security system led by the UN Security Council. Moreover, China strengthening cooperation with African regional organizations and aligning its stance with the views emerging from these regional bodies is an important way in which China has tried to respond to the rising security challenges and political demands it is faced with in Africa. The article briefly considers what influence China's increased attention to African regional bodies is having on efforts by Africa's traditional donors to help build – but also shape – Africa's emerging peace and security architecture.

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Ghanbari, Javid. "An Investigation into Architectural Creolization of West African Vernacular Mosques." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 9 (September 4, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i9.2874.

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In investigating the influence of religious thoughts on architecture, much attention has been given to divine world-wide religions by the researchers, while indigenous religions have to a great extent been neglected. Ancient tribes in different parts of the world, have, on the basis of their cosmology, shaped beliefs which reflect on their architecture, especially on their sacred buildings. Regarding the Dogons-a well-known and a dominant tribe in West Africa- their Gods, cosmology and beliefs have led to the formation of settlements comprising houses, temples and other types of buildings in accordance with their religious thoughts while also being in harmony with nature. Up on the expansion of Islam throughout Africa, especially West Africa, vernacular mosques are shaped gradually beside shrines making a typology of Islamic architecture which has traces of both Dogon and Islamic architecture within it; While the influence of natural materials and indigenous building techniques should not be neglected. Taking a descriptive-deductive analysis approach, this paper will search for the architectural creolization process and will eventually conclude that West African vernacular mosques inherit their formal and spatial features mostly from Dogon house and pioneer mosques in Medina and their physical features, elements and exterior decorations from Dogon temples.

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7

Eglash, Ron. "Fractals in African settlement architecture." Complexity 4, no. 2 (November 1998): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0526(199811/12)4:2<21::aid-cplx6>3.0.co;2-f.

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8

Schellekens, Jona. "A Note on the Dutch Origins of South African Colonial Architecture." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 56, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991284.

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The accepted view is that the eighteenth-century colonial architecture of South Africa has Dutch origins. Jan van der Meulen has challenged this view in this journal. Previous research has looked for the origins of the mostly rural South African colonial architecture in urban Dutch architecture, but, as van der Meulen has noted, with meager results. This note suggests that rural Dutch architecture may be a better field in which to look. Much of the argument presented here is based on a comparison between South African colonial gable design and that in the Zaanstreek, a rural-industrial area north of Amsterdam.

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9

Sami, Neha. "African perspectives – [South] Africa. City, society, space, literature and architecture." Social Dynamics 39, no. 2 (June 2013): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533952.2013.796128.

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10

Cazarin, Rafael. "The Social Architecture of Belonging in the African Pentecostal Diaspora." Religions 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2019): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10070440.

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From megachurches in movie theatres to prayer groups held in living rooms, Pentecostals worldwide are constantly carrying out religious activities that ultimately aim to integrate diverse worshippers into the kingdom of God. Born-again Christians refashion their ‘ways of being’ by breaking down and re-establishing the interpersonal relationships shaped and changed by emerging diasporic modernities. I examined some of these changing ways of being by comparing the discursive practices of African Pentecostal pastors in Johannesburg (South Africa) and Bilbao (Spain). These case-studies demonstrate how these migrant-initiated churches create a ‘social architecture’, a platform on which African worshippers find social and spiritual integration in increasingly globalized contexts. I argue that the subdivision of large congregations into specialized fellowship groups provides African migrants with alternative strategies to achieve a sense of belonging in an expanding diasporic network. Their transformative mission of spiritual education, by spreading African(ized) and Pentecostal values according to age, gender, or social roles, helps to uplift them from being a marginalized minority to being a powerful group occupying a high moral ground.

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11

Uduku, Ola. "Review: Architecture of Independence: African Modernism." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 75, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 512–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2016.75.4.512.

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Kruzh Morzhadinu, Da Fonseka Vera. "HISTORICAL RESEARCH OF MODERNISM IN AFRICAN ARCHITECTURE OF LOW-RISE SOCIAL HOUSING." Construction Materials and Products 3, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2020-3-2-55-62.

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the purpose of this study is to examine the emergence of modernism as a cultural response to the conditions of modernity to change the way people live, work and react to the world around them. In this regard, the following tasks were formulated: 1) study the development of modernism on the world stage, 2) identify its universal features, and 3) analyze how the independence of Central and sub-Saharan Africa in the 1950s and 1960s coincided with a particularly bright period of modernist architecture in the region, when many young countries studied and asserted their identity in art. The article analyzes several objects of modernist architecture in Africa: urban development projects in Casablanca (Morocco), Asmara (Eritrea), Ngambo (Tanzania). The main features and characteristics of modernism which were manifested in the African architecture of the XX century are also formulated. It is concluded that African modernism is developed in line with the international modernist trend. It is also summarized that modernism which differs from previous artistic styles and turned out to be a radical revolution in art is their natural successor.

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Dires Gardachew, Bewuketu. "African peace and security architecture in the context of African solutions to African problems." African Renaissance 17, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2516-5305/2020/17n4a2.

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14

Mark, Peter. "“Portuguese” Architecture and Luso-African Identity in Senegambia and Guinea, 1730–1890." History in Africa 23 (January 1996): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171940.

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Along the West African coast and in the immediate hinterland from the Gambia River to Sierra Leone in the eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth century, a region of extensive long-distance trade, the buildings people lived in, as well as the physical layout of their communities, served as important elements in the articulation of their cultural identity. At the same time, architecture reflected contact between the various populations of the region. These groups included a small number of Portuguese and a somewhat larger population of several thousand Luso-Africans, whose commercial role as traders, declining by the late eighteenth century, was limited essentially to the navigable lower reaches of coastal rivers and waterways.These Luso-Africans, faced by Europeans who contested their efforts to define themselves as a group, were gradually marginalized and ultimately subsumed into the neighboring coastal populations, leaving only traces of their distinctive culture. Among the elements that comprised the Luso-African cultural legacy were houses built in “Portuguese” style: rectangular structures with whitewashed exteriors and a vestibule or a porch. From the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, these houses helped to define the Luso-African community.The local African populations of West Atlantic-speakers (Floups, Bagnuns, Bijogos, and Papels) and, further down the coast, Susus, Temnes and Bulloms, were for the most part organized into small-scale, decentralized societies. Mande-speaking peoples inhabited the small states of the lower Gambia and the more important state of Kaabu in Guinea-Bissau; they, together with ‘juula’ merchants, comprised the western outriders of the Mande diaspora. Further east, in the newly-established Islamic state of Fuuta Jaloo (Futa Jalon), lived the Fulbe.

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15

Zijl, Charl Van, and Jean-Paul Van Belle. "Organisational Impact of Enterprise Architecture and Business Process Capability in South African Organisations." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 5, no. 5 (October 2014): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijtef.2014.v5.407.

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16

Sweet, James H. "Peter Mark. “Portuguese” Style and Luso-African Identity: Precolonial Senegambia, Sixteenth-Nineteenth Centuries. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002." Comparative Studies in Society and History 47, no. 2 (April 2005): 435–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417505230190.

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Peter Mark's “Portuguese” Style is a welcome contribution to the growing literature on the history and development of Atlantic world cultures. In particular, Mark examines the evolution and proliferation of “Portuguese”-style domestic architecture, primarily in Senegambia, but also in other parts of the Portuguese colonial world, including Cape Verde and Brazil. For Mark, “Portuguese”-style is an amalgamation of Jola and Manding architectural forms, and to a lesser extent, those of the Portuguese. This architectural style—sun-dried brick houses, rectangular in shape, with whitewashed walls, and a continuous veranda or vestibule at the entry—was most closely associated with Luso-Africans working as middlemen in the trade between the African interior and Portuguese traders on the coast.

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17

Micots, Courtnay. "Status and Mimicry." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 74, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2015.74.1.41.

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Status and Mimicry: African Colonial Period Architecture in Coastal Ghana looks at Anomabo, a historically significant port, as a case study to examine hybrid African colonial period architecture in coastal Ghana, formerly known as the Gold Coast Colony. Between the 1870s and 1920s, numerous residences with façades inspired by British styles were built for and by Africans in Anomabo. Courtnay Micots examines these houses as reflections of a deliberately constructed hybrid style of architecture with exteriors appropriated from the Italianate and Queen Anne styles of nineteenth-century England and interior plans utilizing borrowed and local elements. This hybrid architecture in colonial Ghana reflects status, modernity, and resistance to British hegemony. Through close analysis of five residences and the potential motivations of their patrons, Micots shows these houses to be markers of selfhood and cultural belonging, local forms that were refashioned to counter the growing authority of the British administration.

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18

Loughran, Kristyne, and Labelle Prussin. "African Nomadic Architecture: Space, Place and Gender." African Arts 30, no. 2 (1997): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3337435.

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19

YAN, Fusheng. "The Architecture of African Swine Fever Virus." Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.7101866522.

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20

Demissie, Fassil, and Labelle Prussin. "African Nomadic Architecture: Space, Place and Gender." International Journal of African Historical Studies 30, no. 2 (1997): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/221254.

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21

Rovine, Victoria L., Labelle Prussin, Georges Meurant, and Robert Farris Thompson. "African Nomadic Architecture: Space, Place and Gender." Woman's Art Journal 20, no. 1 (1999): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1358846.

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22

Stojce Ilcev, Dimov. "Architecture of African satellite augmentation system (ASAS) for Africa and middle east." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 8, no. 4 (November 17, 2019): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v8i4.30005.

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This paper introduces architecture of African Satellite Augmentation System (ASAS) project designed by African for Africa, with coverage of entire African Continent and Middle East for maritime, land (road and rail) and aeronautical applications. The ASAS network is de facto Regional Satellite Augmentation System (RSAS) as integration component of the Global Satellite Augmentation System (GSAS) employing current and new Satellite Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) for improved traffic control and management at sea, on land and in the air. This Network also enhances safety and emergency systems, transport security and control of transportation freight, logistics and the security of the crew and passengers onboard transport systems. The current infrastructures of the first generation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS-1) applications are represented by old fundamental solutions for Position, Velocity and Time (PVT) of the satellite navigation and determination systems such as the US GPS and Russian (former-USSR) GLONASS military requirements, respectively. The establishment of Local Satellite Augmentation System (LSAS) and mobile movement guidance and control are also discussed as special infrastructures in seaports, land and airports environments.

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23

MacDonald, Kevin C., and David W. Morgan. "African earthen structures in colonial Louisiana: architecture from the Coincoin plantation (1787–1816)." Antiquity 86, no. 331 (February 22, 2012): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00062529.

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Coincoin, probably of Kongo parentage, was born a slave, became the concubine of a French planter, Pierre Metoyer, bore him ten children, and in 1787 was settled by him on a plantation of her own. Locating and excavating her house, the authors discovered it to be a type of clay-wall building known from West Africa. The house, together with an adjacent clay boundary wall, was probably built by slaves of Bight of Biafra origin loaned from the neighbouring plantation of her ex-partner. These structures are witness to emerging initiatives and interactions among people of African descent—but different African origins—in eighteenth-century Louisiana.

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24

Engel, Ulf. "The African Union, the African Peace and Security Architecture, and Maritime Security." African Security 7, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2014.939889.

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25

Gardachew, Bewuketu Dires. "The African Peace and Security Architecture as a Tool for the Maintenance of Peace and Security. Part 1." RUDN Journal of Public Administration 7, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-3-179-194.

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This study critically explores the extent to which the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) (such as the African Standby Force (ASF), the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS), Panel of the Wise (PoW) and the Peace Fund (PF)) have been successful in achieving their institutional objectives, as well as the degree to which they are able to contribute to the work of the African Union Peace and Security Council (AU PSC). The AU PSC as a key pillar of the APSA is the main decision-making body regarding issues of peace and security. In order to achieve its responsibility, the AU PSC shall be supported by the African Standby Force, the Continental Early Warning System, Panel of the Wise and the Peace Fund. APSA is the umbrella term for the key African Union (AU) mechanisms for promoting peace, security and stability in the African continent. More specifically, it is an operational structure for the effective implementation of the decisions taken in the areas of conflict prevention, peace-making, peace support operations and intervention, as well as peace-building and post-conflict reconstruction. APSA is envisioned as a means by which Africa can take a greater role in managing peace and security on the continent, with the objective of offering “African solutions to African problems”.

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Gardachew, Bewuketu Dires. "The African Peace and Security Architecture as a Tool for the Maintenance of Peace and Security. Part 2." RUDN Journal of Public Administration 7, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2020-7-4-322-333.

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This study critically explores the extent to which the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) (such as the African Standby Force (ASF), the Continental Early Warning System (CEWS), Panel of the Wise (PoW) and the Peace Fund (PF)) have been successful in achieving their institutional objectives, as well as the degree to which they are able to contribute to the work of the African Union Peace and Security Council (AU PSC). The AU PSC as a key pillar of the APSA is the main decision-making body regarding issues of peace and security. In order to achieve its responsibility, the AU PSC shall be supported by the African Standby Force, the Continental Early Warning System, Panel of the Wise and the Peace Fund. APSA is the umbrella term for the key African Union (AU) mechanisms for promoting peace, security and stability in the African continent. More specifically, it is an operational structure for the effective implementation of the decisions taken in the areas of conflict prevention, peace-making, peace support operations and intervention, as well as peace-building and post-conflict reconstruction. APSA is envisioned as a means by which Africa can take a greater role in managing peace and security on the continent, with the objective of offering African solutions to African problems.

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27

Akech, Migai. "Regional Mechanisms and Intra-State Conflicts: Implementing the African Union’s Principle of Non-Indifference?" Strathmore Law Journal 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52907/slj.v4i1.49.

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The member states of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) established the African Union (AU) in 2001, following recognition that Africa needed a more effective institution that could maintain peace and security. In particular,the 1994 genocide in Rwanda demonstrated to the continent that it needed to enhance its ability to act before conflicts became unmanageable and destructive.The AU consequently established an institutional framework for the prevention, management, and resolution of conflicts. This institutional framework consistsof two parallel frameworks, namely the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA).

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28

Mooney, Barbara Burlison. "The Comfortable Tasty Framed Cottage: An African American Architectural Iconography." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991811.

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African American architectural history is not a secondhand version of the European American white experience; evidence of African American architectural agency can be discovered by tracing the evolution of the iconography of the "comfortable, tasty, framed cottage." Arising out of aspirations of assimilation before and after emancipation, the image of an idealized African American middle-class house was understood not only as a healthful and convenient shelter, but as the measure of racial progress and as a strategy for gaining acceptance into the dominant white culture. Three institutions within the African American community promoted this iconography: industrial education, the women's reform movement, and the print media. While abysmal living conditions existed for most African Americans, a small number created houses that were informed by the iconography of the ideal black home. Indeed, so powerful was this architectural message of assimilation that black possession of a middle-class home often provoked white violence. While the origins, development, and promulgation of the idealized image can be outlined with some assurance, judging its ultimate value is more uncertain, and some have denounced the African American iconography of domestic architecture as a false and destructive adaptation of white hegemonic cultural values.

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Folkers, Antoni. "Early Modern African Architecture. The House of Wonders Revisited." Modern Africa, Tropical Architecture, no. 48 (2013): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/48.a.fkxy01xv.

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This essay explores the various strands of the advent of Modernity in African architecture. It starts from the assumption that the history of Modernity in African architecture is a complex and rich subject that merits increased scientific attention.

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30

O'Sullivan, Nan Catherine, and David Hakaraia. "Book Review: Standing Items: critical pedagogies in South African art, design and architecture, edited by Brenden Gray, Shashi Cullinan Cook, Tariq Toffa and Amie Soudien." Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South 4, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v4i2.150.

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In this review of Standing Items: critical pedagogies in South African art, design and architecture, edited by Brenden Gray, Shashi Cullinan Cook, Tariq Toffa and Amie Soudien, book reviewers Nan O’Sullivan and David Hakaraia explain how this book casts light on discussion points, awkward conversations, skewed demographics and pathways to radical change in these disciplines in South Africa. Keywords: Critical pedagogies, South Africa, Book review, Art design and architectureHow to cite this article:O’Sullivan, N.C. & Hakaraia, D. 2020. Book review: Standing Items: critical pedagogies in South African art, design and architecture, edited by Brenden Gray, Shashi Cullinan Cook, Tariq Toffa and Amie Soudien. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South. 4(2): 244-247. https://doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v4i2.150.This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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31

Arnold, Marion. "Review: Frank Willett, African Art; Peter Garlake, Early Art and Architecture of Africa." Art Book 11, no. 2 (March 2004): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8357.2004.00404.x.

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32

VINES, ALEX. "A decade of African Peace and Security Architecture." International Affairs 89, no. 1 (January 2013): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12006.

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33

Travis, Jack. "African American Architecture: From Idea to Published Product." Journal of Architectural Education 47, no. 1 (September 1993): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1993.10734577.

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34

Hu, Min, Shuwei Lv, Wenguang Wu, Yongcai Fu, Fengxia Liu, Bingbing Wang, Weiguo Li, et al. "The domestication of plant architecture in African rice." Plant Journal 94, no. 4 (April 11, 2018): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13887.

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35

Travis, Jack. "African American Architecture: From Idea to Published Product." Journal of Architectural Education (1984-) 47, no. 1 (September 1993): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1425231.

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36

Anker, Elizabeth S. "Rebuilding the Nation: On Architecture and the Aesthetics of Constitutionalism in South African Literature." Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 2, no. 1 (December 22, 2014): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pli.2014.33.

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AbstractThe South African Constitution is widely regarded as one of the world’s most progressive, and this essays looks to a series of novels concerned with the nation’s transition beyond apartheid in order to examine the challenges of transformative constitutionalism. Through readings of Nadine Gordimer’sNone to Accompany Me, Zakes Mda’sWays of Dying, and Ivan Vladislavic’sThe Folly,1it explores the prevalence of the language and imagery of architecture in describing national rebuilding and South African constitutional jurisprudence alike. The essay ultimately argues, however, that the architectural metaphor casts post-apartheid recovery as a success story that belies political and economic reality.

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37

Franke, Benedikt, and Stefan Gänzle. "How “African” Is the African Peace and Security Architecture? Conceptual and Practical Constraints of Regional Security Cooperation in Africa." African Security 5, no. 2 (April 2012): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2012.682473.

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38

Arthur, Peter. "Promoting Security in Africa through Regional Economic Communities (RECs) and the African Union’s African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA)." Insight on Africa 9, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975087816674577.

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The last two decades have seen African countries adopt a new security approach through the activities of regional economic communities (RECs) and the African Union’s (AU) African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). This article argues that despite progress in conflict prevention and the promotion of peace, defence and security through the APSA and RECs, challenges do remain. In particular, factors such as financial costs involved, the inadequate funds available for peace and security missions, conflicting interests and lack of agreement, poor co- ordination and inadequate human and logistics capacity have constrained the ability of African countries to achieve their peace and security agenda. Thus, for peace and security efforts being undertaken by the AU and RECs to be effective, the actors involved should have not only the requisite capacity but also political will and commitment, and cooperation among members and with the international community should remain crucial to the process.

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Maina, Newton Kahumbi. "The Shirazi Civilisation and its Impact on the East African Coast." Utafiti 14, no. 2 (March 4, 2020): 242–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-14010014.

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Abstract The relations between Iran and East Africa are captured well by depicting the impact of the Shirazi (Persian) civilisation on the East African coast. But some influential scholars claim that historians tend to dismiss or trivialise the role played by the Shirazis in East Africa. The demonstrable impact of Shirazi civilisation in East Africa is evident in the expansion of trade between the East African coast and the Persian Gulf region with the expansion of Islam. The Persian language has bequeathed to the Kiswahili language many lexicons that are presently still accessible in the region. Persian poets influenced Kiswahili literature through their classic works. The influence of Persian architecture is seen in Shirazi building styles throughout cities including Zanzibar, Kilwa and Manda. Thus Shirazis brought Persian traditions and customs to East Africa, and some Shirazis intermarried with the Arabs and local communities. As compiled here from other sources, there is enough enduring historical evidence to demonstrate incontrovertibly the impact of the Shirazis in social, economic and political aspects of East African life. This legacy arguably justifies greater contemporary cooperation between East African nation states and the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Berhe, Mulugeta Gebrehiwot. "The Norms and Structures for African Peace Efforts: The African Peace and Security Architecture." International Peacekeeping 24, no. 4 (July 4, 2017): 661–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2017.1346475.

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Engel, Ulf, and João Gomes Porto. "Imagining, Implementing, and Integrating the African Peace and Security Architecture: The African Union’s Challenges." African Security 7, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2014.945379.

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Onditi, Francis, and Pontian G. Okoth. "Politics of African Peace Support Operation Architecture: What next post-2015 African Standby Force?" African Studies 76, no. 4 (September 15, 2017): 597–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2017.1376851.

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Ferreira, Zara. "Local and Global Modern Thinking. Designing with Climate in Mozambique: School Buildings Production." Modern Africa, Tropical Architecture, no. 48 (2013): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/48.a.ts2fvwd2.

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The novelty of modern architecture in the former Portuguese African colonies derives from the fact that the ideology of the Modern Movement was interpreted locally. This built heritage is represented in terms of its responsiveness to the physical environment in which it operates, by means of Design with Climate–A Bioclimatic Approach to Architectural Regionalism (Olgyay, 1963). Combining tradition and innovation, this approach sought to address the specific socio–cultural context within which modern architecture was conceived (Kultermann, 1969). With the purpose of contributing to the documentation and conservation of modern heritage in Africa, interpreted in the light of these assumptions (Quintã, 2007), this paper addresses a particular architectural program – school buildings – widely developed and built in Mozambique, between 1955 and 1975, the year of independence for the former Portuguese colonies. Initially led by architect Fernando Mesquita, as part of the Public Works Services of the Province of Mozambique, it was reconfigured and evolved through various levels of education, ranging from primary to high schools. Extensively built in urban and rural territory, and even gathering later contributions from other authors, the built output of this program remains a prominent feature in the Mozambican territory.

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Benouar, Djillali, Khady Diagne, Fred Lerise, Helen Macgregor, Manoris Meshack, David Satterthwaite, Jacob Songsore, and Andre Yitambe. "New African Urban Risk Analysis Network." Open House International 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2006-b0019.

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With many disasters taking place in urban areas of Africa on a regular basis, affecting millions of people each year, there is an increasing need to understand the processes by which the risks from potential disasters develop in urban areas. To address this, the African Urban Risk Analysis Network (AURAN) has been formed in January 2003 by six African institutions, with support from UNDP and ProVention Consortium. Work is underway in Accra, Algiers, Cape Town, Dar es Salaam, Nairobi and Saint Louis (Senegal) to identify

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Hardwick, M. Jeff. "Homesteads and Bungalows: African-American Architecture in Langston, Oklahoma." Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture 6 (1997): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3514360.

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Williams, Paul D. "Reflections on the Evolving African Peace and Security Architecture." African Security 7, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2014.939886.

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Brosig, Malte. "The African Peace and Security Architecture and its partners." African Security Review 23, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2014.922108.

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Rifkind, David. "Review: African Vernacular Architecture Data Base, by Jon Sojkowski." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 75, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2016.75.3.385.

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Patrut, Adrian, Roxana T. Patrut, Laszlo Rakosy, and Karl F. Von Reden. "Age and architecture of the largest African Baobabs from Mayotte, France." DRC Sustainable Future: Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Energy 1, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37281/drcsf/1.1.5.

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The volcanic Comoro Islands, located in the Indian Ocean in between mainland Africa and Madagascar, host several thousand African baobabs (Adansonia digitata). Most of them are found in Mayotte, which currently belongs to France, as an overseas department. Baobabs constitute a reliable archive for climate change and millennial specimens were recently used as proxies for paleoclimate reconstructions in southern Africa. We report the investigation of the largest two baobabs of Mayotte, the Big baobab of Musical Plage and the largest baobab of Plage N’Gouja. The Big baobab of Musical Plage exhibits a cluster structure and consists of 5 fused stems, out of which 4 are common stems and one is a false stem. The baobab of Plage N’Gouja has an open ring-shaped structure and consists of 7 partially fused stems, out of which 3 stems are large and old, while 4 are young. Several wood samples were collected from both baobabs and analyzed via radiocarbon dating. The oldest dated sample from the baobab of Musical Plage has a radiocarbon date of 275 ± 25 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated calendar age of 365 ± 15 yr. On its turn, the oldest sample from Plage N’Gouja has a radiocarbon date of 231 ± 20 BP, corresponding to a calibrated age of 265 ± 15 yr. These results indicate that the Big baobab of Musical Plage is around 420 years old, while the baobab of Plage N’Gouja has an age close to 330 years. In present, both baobabs are in a general state of deterioration with many broken or damaged branches, and the Baobab of Plage N’Gouja has several missing stems. These observations suggest that the two baobabs are in decline and, most likely, close to the end of their life cycle.

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Jalloh, Charles Chernor. "Regionalizing International Criminal Law?" International Criminal Law Review 9, no. 3 (2009): 445–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181209x457956.

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AbstractThis article examines the initially cooperative but increasingly tense relationship between the International Criminal Court (ICC) and Africa. It assesses the various legal and political reasons for the mounting criticisms of the ICC by African governments, especially within the African Union (AU), following the indictment of incumbent Sudanese President Omar Hassan Al Bashir. The author situates the ICC within broader African efforts to establish more peaceful societies through the continent-wide AU. He submits that the ICC, by prosecuting architects of serious international crimes in Africa's numerous conflicts, could contribute significantly to the continent's fledgling peace and security architecture which aims to prevent, manage and resolve conflicts and to anticipate and avert crimes against humanity. On the other hand, the author suggests that the ICC also has much to gain from Africa, especially in these early years when it is seeking to become a functional court of law with global legitimacy. By undertaking independent, fair and credible prosecutions without alienating States Parties, the world criminal court is more likely to fulfill its mandate and to win over powerful hold outs, such as the United States, China, and India. This will help it co-opt the support necessary for its universal reach and future success. However, he cautions that given Africa's sensitive historical experience with foreign interventions, including the slave trade and colonialism, the international criminal justice regime anchored on the ICC may be undermined, or perhaps even falter, if it is perceived as having a biased, politicized or insensitive application to a single region of the world.

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