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Journal articles on the topic 'Architecture and society Iran Isfahan'
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1
Mirlohi, Maryam, Elahe Rezaee, Akbar Hassanzadeh, and Azizolah Fallah. "Factors affecting tea consumption pattern in an urban society in Isfahan, Iran." Journal of Education and Health Promotion 5, no. 1 (2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2277-9531.184568.
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Etemadifar, Masoud, and Amir-Hadi Maghzi. "Sharp increase in the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Isfahan, Iran." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 17, no. 8 (April 1, 2011): 1022–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458511401460.
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Background: The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) has changed in recent decades. Objectives: This study aimed to give an update on the prevalence and incidence of MS in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: The study population was all residents of Isfahan province during the period from April 2003 to July 2010. In April 2003, a registry of MS patients was created at the Isfahan MS Society (IMSS), which is the only referral center for MS patients in the province. Nearly all MS patients in Isfahan province are now registered with IMSS and were included in the analysis. Results: Among the 3522 registered patients, 2716 were female and 806 were male (sex ratio: 3.37 : 1), and 431 were diagnosed in 2009. This results in a prevalence figure of 73.3 (95% CI: 70.9–75.8) and an incidence of 9.1 (95% CI: 8.3–10.0) per 100,000. Conclusion: The reported prevalence and incidence figures in our study were higher than in our previous report of 2007, in which the prevalence and incidence of MS were reported to be 43.8 and 3.64 per 100,000, respectively. This dramatic increase in the prevalence of MS puts Isfahan amongst the regions with the highest prevalence of MS in Asia and Oceania and is mostly due to changing environmental factors, amongst which vitamin D deficiency seems an important factor in our population.
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Taghizadeh, Katayoun. "Islamic Architecture in Iran, A Case Study on Evolutionary of Minarets of Isfahan." Architecture Research 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.arch.20120202.01.
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Maghzi, AH, H. Ghazavi, M. Ahsan, M. Etemadifar, SA Mousavi, F. Khorvash, and A. Minagar. "Increasing female preponderance of multiple sclerosis in Isfahan, Iran: a population-based study." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 16, no. 3 (January 19, 2010): 359–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458509358092.
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There is an overall increase in the worldwide prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies from several countries also demonstrated an increase of female/male ratio over time denoting an increase in the incidence of MS particularly in women. In this study we sought to assess the trends in MS incidence and prevalence in males and females over recent decades in Isfahan, Iran, which differs from other regions in terms of environmental and lifestyle changes. We determined female/male ratio by year of birth (YOB) in 1584 patients with MS registered with Isfahan Multiple Sclerosis Society (IMSS) from April 2003 to August 2007. A comparison of sex ratio of MS patients by YOB showed a significant, progressive, gradual increase, with an apparent interruption in the late 1960s. In this study year of birth is a significant predictor for sex ratio ( p < 0.001, χ2 = 17.130, Spearman’s rank correlation r = 0.893). Our findings show that there is a significant increase in the incidence of MS among females for the the last decades in the Isfahan province of Iran. This rapid increase may be related to changes in environmental interactions rather than genetic factors, and among them vitamin D insufficiency, enhanced diagnosis, and lifestyle changes appear to be more plausible causative factors.
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Hasehzadeh Haseh, Roya, Mehdi Khakzand, and Morteza Ojaghlou. "Optimal Thermal Characteristics of the Courtyard in the Hot and Arid Climate of Isfahan." Buildings 8, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8120166.
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The courtyard is a common and traditional architectural concept in Middle Eastern countries, especially Iran. This study presents practical solutions to arrive at the optimal form and features of a courtyard based on this traditional architecture to cope with the hot and arid climate of Isfahan, Iran. A model using the ENVI-met 3.1 software was used to simulate the courtyard orientation, the height of the wall enclosure, the albedo of the materials and the vegetation level in Isfahan. As the first step of the simulation, different orientations were simulated. Based on the results, the northern courtyard is recommended as the optimum orientation for the remainder of the simulation process. A high wall enclosure is recommended in the second step of simulation to ensure cool temperatures at noon and warmth at night. In the third step, it is advised to use low-albedo material in the courtyards to avoid the extra reflected radiation of used materials on the inhabitants. The final step suggests that more than 50% of the courtyard plan should be covered by greenery to ensure thermal comfort in the courtyards. Based on these suggestions, designers can create more sustainable courtyards that are better suited to the hot and arid climate of Isfahan.
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Emami, Farshid. "Coffeehouses, Urban Spaces, and the Formation of a Public Sphere in Safavid Isfahan." Muqarnas Online 33, no. 1 (November 14, 2016): 177–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118993_03301p008.
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This essay examines the urban topography, physical structure, and social context of coffeehouses in Safavid Iran (1501–1722), particularly in the capital city of Isfahan. Through a reconstruction of the architecture and urban configuration of coffeehouses, the essay shows how, as an utterly novel institution, the coffeehouse opened up a new sphere of public life, engendered new conceptions of urbanity, and altered the social meaning of urban spaces. The essay will specifically focus on the drinking houses that existed in the Maydan-i Naqsh-i Jahan and Khiyaban-i Chaharbagh, the grand urban spaces of seventeenth-century Isfahan. The remaining physical traces, together with textual and visual evidence, permit us to reconstruct Isfahan’s major coffeehouses. This analysis not only reveals a less-appreciated aspect of urbanity in the age of Shah ʿAbbas (r. 1587–1629) but also elucidates the ways in which the public spaces of Safavid Isfahan contained and shaped novel social practices particular to the early modern age.
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Rezaei, Saeed, and Maedeh Tadayyon. "Linguistic landscape in the city of Isfahan in Iran: The representation of languages and identities in Julfa." Multilingua 37, no. 6 (October 25, 2018): 701–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2017-0031.
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AbstractThis paper reports on the diversity of languages displayed in the linguistic landscape of Julfa district, a largely Armenian dominated area, in the city of Isfahan in Iran. The data included a corpus of 323 photographs taken from the top-down and bottom-up signage in this quarter of the city. Ethnographic fieldwork was also conducted to reach a deeper understanding of the linguistic landscape in Julfa. The results of the analyses indicated that Julfa, as home to Armenians in diaspora and also a luxurious neighborhood frequented by more modern strata of the Isfahani society, is occupied more noticeably with Persian and English language and to a lesser extent with Armenian language. The findings further revealed that this neighborhood represents not only Iranian but also Armenian and Christian identities. The results are analyzed based on Bourdieu’s theory of language as a symbolic power. Furthermore, the collective identity and language ecology of Julfa in Isfahan are discussed. At the end, some lines of research for further studies in the LL of Iran are provided.
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Etemadifar, Masoud, Seyed-Hossein Abtahi, Mojtaba Akbari, and Amir-Hadi Maghzi. "Multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: is there a link?" Multiple Sclerosis Journal 18, no. 6 (December 6, 2011): 902–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458511427719.
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To date, there are no reports studying the rate of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in relatives of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and vice versa. This study was designed to look into this issue using two population-based databases of MS and ALS in Isfahan province of Iran. We have searched for any first, second or third degree familial kinship between the Isfahan MS Society database and Isfahan ALS population. We compared the rate of ALS among the population of first degree relatives of MS patients, with the crude prevalence of ALS in the general population of Isfahan. On the other hand, a reverse analysis was carried out to compare the prevalence of MS in Isfahan with its rate amongst the first degree relatives of ALS patients. We found 10 families among which five had first degree kinship. The rate of the diseases was significantly higher in both comparisons among the family members ( p < 0.00001) and an odds ratios of more than 67 in both calculations showed a several-fold increase of ALS occurrence in the first degree relatives of MS patients and vice versa. In our study relatives of MS patients were significantly more prone to ALS and vice versa. This could give clues about the common features that the two disease share. Both diseases have an environmental and genetic component and these results mostly point toward genetic similarities.
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Cantone, C. "Isfahan and its Palaces: Statecraft, Shilhringism and the Architecture of Conviviality in Early Modern Iran * By SUSSAN BABAIE." Journal of Islamic Studies 22, no. 1 (August 23, 2010): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/etq018.
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Etemadifar, Masoud, Peyman Roomizadeh, Seyed-Hossein Abtahi, Sepideh Sajjadi, Amin Abedini, Aryan Golabbakhsh, Mahboobeh Fereidan-Esfahani, and Mojtaba Akbari. "Linkage of Multiple Sclerosis and Guillain-Barre Syndrome: A Population-Based Survey in Isfahan, Iran." Autoimmune Diseases 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/232139.
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Background. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) are autoimmune demyelinating disorders of Central and Peripheral Nervous system, respectively. The coexistence of these two syndromes in an individual's life span is rare.Objectives. To inspect throughout Isfahan MS society (IMSS) records for MS cases who had history of documented GBS whether before the onset of MS or after it.Methods. This retrospective survey was carried out by analyzing the clinical records of 3,522 MS patients who were registered with IMSS, from April 2003 to July 2010. Eligible cases were requested to attend to IMSS for final clinical/paraclinical examinations.Results. Among 3,522 (2,716 women and 806 men) MS subjects, we could identify seven patients (six females and one male) with documented diagnosis of GBS. Six patients (five women and one man) had developed MS within6.5±7.0(range: 1–16) years after being diagnosed with GBS and one (a woman) had developed GBS three years after the diagnosis of MS.Conclusion. It seems that the development of MS in individuals with history of GBS is more than a simple incidental event.
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Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad, Sanaz Ahmadzadeh Siyahrood, Mohammadhossein Ghasempourabadi, and Mona Poulad. "Development of Intelligent Pattern for Modeling a Parametric Program for Public Space (Case Study: Isfahan, Mosalla, Iran)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 2930–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.2930.
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Islamic arts consist of several parts and could be noticed in works such as tiling, plaster works, stalactite work and etc. As well as in windows templates, wooden doors. The geometrical patterns as a part of Islamic arts have a ground for parametric program. This paper studies about the patterns that have emerged from Iranian traditional geometry and possess the ability to be changed into an intelligent pattern; followed by assessing characteristics that would make them parametric. The results were compared with Isfahan Mosalla, as the largest complex of metal shell with the dome-shape special structure that includes single welded mesh layer with nodes works and net pattern of classic wooden window, as a case sample. In conclusion, the reason of using the pattern worked in ceiling structure of the building has been discussed. This building is one of the valuable works that fairly reveal joining local architecture patterns with space-work structures system. Keywords: Intelligent pattern, Modelling, Parametric program, Islamic pattern.
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Mohammadi, Mojtaba, Seyed Mahmoud Fatemi Aghda, Mehdi Talkhablou, and Akbar Cheshomi. "Introducing a Comprehensive Geological and Geotechnical Classification for Urban Planning and Design, A Case Study in Isfahan (Iran)." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 38, no. 6 (July 21, 2020): 6809–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01471-7.
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Kianpour, Masoud. "From Heaven to Earth: Interpretations and Conceptualizations of Human Dignity in Iran." Comparative Sociology 15, no. 6 (November 23, 2016): 699–723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341407.
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The purpose of this study is to understand how human dignity is experienced by new generations of Iranian university students, in comparison with the interpretations of theological and religious authorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research uses a qualitative approach to collect data in Isfahan and research sample includes 19 university and eight seminary students. The results indicate that there is contrast between official declarations of human dignity and personal accounts of experiencing it. This dichotomy is described in terms of idealized dignity vs. criticized reality. Also, university students associate human dignity with human rights, and see the necessity of a variety of rights that men and women alike should be generally able to enjoy in a specific society, in order to elevate human dignity. Seminary students, however, look at dignity from within religion and believe that it is the duty of the Muslim individual to work out one’s way toward dignity. In other words, university students look for general moral notions such as freedom, love, and equality to objectify human dignity, whereas seminary students look at human dignity as a religious concept, a God-given gift, whose actualization depends on the believer’s endeavor to obtain it.
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Mohammadi, Jamal, Aboozar Bakhshi, and Houshang Bashiri. "The Role and Place of Cities in the Knowledge-Based Society and Economy (A Case Study of Iran)." Review of European Studies 8, no. 3 (July 17, 2016): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v8n3p197.
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<p>This article considering the interrelationships between knowledge and Urban Development. An Overview is of complementary views, such as knowledge-based cities, learning cities, intelligent cities and creative cities. There are four main channels whereby cities join the knowledge society: human capital, economic structure, innovation systems, information and communication technology. On this basis provinces of Iran are subjected to a comparative analysis of their knowledge indicators in each of these four components. The study is <em>descriptive-analytical</em><em> </em>and <em>practical</em> in terms of objective. For comparative analysis, 31 provinces of Iran and 55 indexes were selected based on knowledge. Use was made of Shannon Entropy to measure relative importance and weight of each index. Also, usingmulti-attribute decision making methods of TOPSIS and VIKOR to rank provinces and cluster analysis was used to classify. Finally, using the software Arc GIS, map of the provinces benefit levels were drawn. Research findings showed that using TOPSIS method the benefit rate of provinces in Iran from the indexes of knowledge-based society and economy and rank of each province in different indexes represented a high loss of imbalance in the how distribution of these indexes in the provinces of the country. According to this, Tehran province was considered as the highest benefit province and is ranked 1on all four indexes of human capital, economic structure, innovation and ICT systems with values (priority factor) 0.941, 0.741, 0.8206 and 0.752, respectively. In contrast, provinces of South Khorasan in “human capital” index with value 0.009, Ilam in “economic structure” index with value 0.140, Kohgiloyeh-Buyerahmad in “innovation systems” index with value 0.024, and North Khorasan in “information and communication technology” index with value 0.062 were identified as the lowest benefited provinces. Using TOPSIS and VIKOR methods, assessment of the province’s position in knowledge-based society and economy suggests that in the TOPSIS method, Tehran was recognized as the highest benefit province with value 0.740 and Ilam was considered as most deprived benefit province with value 0.069. But in the VIKOR method, Isfahan was identified as highest benefit province with value 1.129 while Ilam was determined as the most deprived benefit province with value 0.627. According to the scores obtained from the above methods, through density-based hierarchical cluster analysis method, the country provinces have been classified into 3 equal groups. On this basis, Tehran province was at the highest benefit level in cluster 1, Isfahan, Khorasan Razavi, East Azerbaijan, Fars and Khuzestan were at the half benefit levels in cluster 2 and the other 25 provinces were at the lowest levels of knowledge-based society and economy in cluster 3. Results of classification of provinces showed that the country provinces were located in the heterogeneous and unbalanced conditions. The overall results showed that not a significant proportion of Iranian provinces have been introduced in the process of joining knowledge-based society and economy.</p>
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Piri, Ali, and Mohammad Piri. "The Quintessential Features of Iranian Art in Saljuq Period." Modern Applied Science 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2016): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n6p219.
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The reign of Saljuqian in Iran is considered as a flourishing era of Islamic-Iranian culture. In the Saljuq period, Iran art has experienced and underwent some changes as long as the presence of these evolutions as keystone in Iranian traditional arts have played a significant role in arts such as architecture, painting, pottery and etc. Since the effect of the Saljuq art has been so impressive, even it is not considered as a renaissance period, it can be accounted as one of the significant period in Iranian art. The purpose of this study is to point out some features of the Saljuq art through using descriptive-analytical approach, and to examine some aspects of arts including architecture, pottery, and textile in this period. What is more, the outcomes of the present paper reveal that with regard to the Saljuq architecture, mosques have been formed by nave, dome, and four-porch courtyard derived from Khorasan architecture art. The eminent buildings of this period are Jameh Mosque of Isfahan, Jam Minareh, Sanjar monument in Marv city. Successes have been also achieved in pottery art such as making pottery dishes with over glaze, and under glaze painting and red dishes with white cover. In the field of discovered metal works, there is a variety of bowls, vases and golden, silver and bronze cups which have been carved, embossed and inlayed by picture of animals and plants as well as Kufic script. Moreover, the silk textile known as Ordaki has been one of the brilliant samples of textiles art in this period, decorated with blue Kufic script. In overall, Saljuq arts have paved the way for more development of arts in the subsequent years.
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Kariminia, Shahab. "Effect of Galleries on Thermal Conditions of Urban Open Areas." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 2 (July 2, 2016): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i2.1216.
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Computer simulations were performed by ENVI-met model along with physical measurements in two urban squares under hot summer conditions in Isfahan, central Iran. Each scenario concentrated on adding or extending galleries in each square. The results confirmed the role of galleries on thermal conditions; however, it was found that the effectiveness of this strategy depends on the square geometry. It presented higher efficiency for the small square with higher H/W ratio. This solution is advisable for smaller squares and when the peripheral parts are frequently used compared to the middle areas. Galleries are most efficient when allowing enough natural ventilation© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Johari, Majid, Seyyed Eskandar Seydayi, Seyyed Hedayatollah Nouri, and Ahmad Taghdisi. "Enhancing Rural-urban Linkages Based on Islamic-Iranian Developmental Pattern in Reaching Social Justice: A Case Study of Shahreza County, Isfahan, Iran." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 5, no. 1 (April 5, 2016): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v5i1.8858.
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<p class="emsd"><span lang="EN-GB">Enhancement of rural-urban linkages requires proper methods and patterns of development and regional development. All countries are after reaching appropriate native patterns of development which are in agreement with their native cultures, beliefs, and social, economic, geographical and political conditions. Current developmental patterns in the country are non-native and have been adopted through imitation of those of western countries; and ignore essential elements such as human sublimity, Islamic-Iranian identity, spirituality, social justice and morality. Further, these imitative patterns have not paid enough attention to dimensions and pre-requisites of development and justice. In this sense, the governmental administrators included the notion of Islamic-Iranian developmental pattern within state planning to create a desirable society and deploy an Islamic-Iranian civilization. The present study aims to promote rural-urban linkagesbased on Islamic-Iranian patterns of development in order to reach social justice in Shahreza, Iran. In so doing, it seeks to adopt a new approach compatible with theoretical fundamentals of Islamic-Iranian pattern of development for proposing a native pattern proportionate with geographical conditions and economic, social-cultural, belief, environmental and physical requirements of villages in the county. In this way, the present study aims to enhance the rural-urban linkages, provide the necessary conditions for proportionate regional improvement and reach social justice. Regarding objective, the present study is a practical study; regarding nature and method, it is a descriptive-analytical study which makes use of surveys too. Population are the related administrators and mangers in the city. Due to limited size of the population, all members of the population were selected to participate in the study</span><span lang="EN-GB">. Data collection included library method and questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS through samples independent t-test, paired samples t-test and Chi-square. </span></p><p class="emsd"><span lang="EN-GB">Results indicated that social justice in every society needs to be created based on economic, social, and cultural structures of that society and also on the premises of political philosophy. Findings showed that current situation of social justice can change through realization of Islamic-Iranian pattern and would take a better shape which would also lead to reduction of poverty and injustice among the cities and villages. Therefore, according to effectivity of rural-urban </span><span lang="EN-GB">linkages</span><span lang="EN-GB"> from realization of Islamic-Iranian pattern of development and improvement of the current condition, it can be proposed that realization of Islamic-Iranian pattern of development cause enhancement of rural-urban </span><span lang="EN-GB">linkages</span><span lang="EN-GB"> which would result in social justice and geographical equality in Shahreza County. </span></p>
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Walker, Matthew. "Francis Vernon, the Early Royal Society and the First English Encounter with Ancient Greek Architecture." Architectural History 56 (2013): 29–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00002446.
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Francis Vernon (c. 1637-77) is not a particularly well-known figure in the history of British architecture, but perhaps he should be. In 1675 he became one of the first English people to have set foot in Athens and, the following year, published what was undisputedly the first account in the English language of the city and its architecture. Vernon was a member of the recently founded Royal Society and one of a group of English and French travellers who journeyed through central Greece and Turkey in the 1670s. He was murdered in Isfahan in early 1677. Vernon's account of the time he spent in Athens was published in the Society's journal, thePhilosophical Transactions, in 1676, and it included brief but illuminating descriptions of the Erechtheion, the Temple of Hephaestus and the Parthenon, the latter written over ten years before the bombing of the temple by a Venetian army in 1687. TheTransactionsoften contained both travel writing and antiquarian material and, in this respect, Vernon's account was typical of the journal's somewhat eclectic content in its early years. Significantly, Vernon's publication predated more famous accounts of Greece from the period, such as those written by his travelling companions Jacob Spon (who released hisVoyage d'ltalie, de Dalamatie, de Grèce et du Levantin France in 1678) and George Wheler, whoseA journey into Greecewas published in 1682. Unlike Vernon, both Spon and Wheler survived their journeys. The only European publication on Athens that preceded Vernon's was a French text of 1675 that would prove to be a fabrication. As this article will demonstrate, Vernon's initial exposure of this fabrication was one of the reasons why his account of the city became so important in English intellectual culture at the time.
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Azari, Azam, Hamid Kazemi-Zahrani, and Masoumeh Mohammadi Khashouei. "The Effectiveness of Dohsa Psycho-Motor Rehabilitation Method on Fatigue Severity, Sleep Quality, and Resilience Promotion of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 2 (July 5, 2016): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n2p201.
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<p>Because of multiple psychological-physical symptoms and failure to accept the reality, multiple sclerosis (MS), patients are suffering from negative mood disorders and fatigue which affects their life quality negatively. Therefore this study has been conducted to determine the effect of Dohsa Psycho-Motor Rehabilitation Method on fatigue severity, sleep quality, and Resilience promotion of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Isfahan, Iran. A quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow up was administered on both the experimental and control groups. The population consisted of all patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in Isfahan with clinical and MS society records. By purposive sampling 30 patients were selected for the experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Patients completed fatigue (FSS), Scale of sleep quality (PSQI) and Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) questionnaire before the beginning of the treatment (pretest) and also later for post-test. Dohsa treatment duration was ten sessions, three sessions per week and their post test was administered 30 days later. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS18. The results of the multivariable covariance analysis showed that Dohsa Psycho-Motor Rehabilitation Method decreases fatigue severity, increases quality of sleep, and resilience of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (p<0.001). Since MS disease has led to widespread symptoms and different clinical signs, MS patients may need psychological rehabilitation in the future, therefore Dohsa Psycho-Motor Rehabilitation Method is an effective treatment for reducing fatigue, improving sleep quality and increasing the resilience of multiple sclerosis patients.</p>
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Kariminia, Shahab, and Sabarinah Sh. Ahmad. "Microclimatic Conditions of an Urban Square: Role of built environment and geometry." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 12 (July 19, 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i12.128.
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Geometry plays a dominant role in thermal situations within city structures. This study aims to seek how this role affects thermal comfort of the visitors in an urban square. Computer simulations were performed along with physical measurements in an urban square during peak hot conditions of summer in Isfahan, Iran. In addition to the influence of built environment inside the square, the results confirmed the role of geometry on thermal conditions. The amelioration effect for the aspect ratio was higher than that of the orientation. Findings are useful for urban design strategies dealing with thermal comfort.Keywords: Thermal comfort; urban square; geometry; built environment eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
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Farjami, Ghazal, and Guita Farivarsadri. "LATEST ATTEMPTS IN CONTEMPORARY IRANIAN ARCHITECTURE IN SEARCH FOR AUTHENTICITY." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 44, no. 2 (November 27, 2020): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jau.2020.12165.
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The conflictions between homogeneity and universal values suggested by Modernism and traditional values resulted in a variety of ideas generated as a search for authenticity all over the world. Iran is known as one of the countries which imported the modern ideas directly to a society, which was still living with and respecting the traditional values. This challenge between the two seemingly conflicting poles of tradition and modernism resulted in three periods in the history of contemporary Iranian architecture. Now, it seems that Iranian architecture has entered to a new period regarding the interpretation of authenticity. Since novelty and relation with the past are known as the main indicators of the concept of authenticity, in this research it is tried to explore the ideas of seven pioneers of the new generation of architects in Iran around these concepts. These architects are amongst the most well-known young architects of Iran who have won more than 3 prizes in Memar (Architect) competition which is the most prestigious architectural competition in the country. To find out the interpretation of these architects about the concept of authenticity, inclusive interviews have been realized with these architects. Then, using recursive abstraction method, it is tried to find out the main points in definition of the concept of authenticity by each architect. In addition, some of the completed projects of theses architects have been visited and analyzed to find out the reflection of their ideas related to authenticity in their projects.
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Kariminia, Shahab, and Sabarinah Sh. Ahmad. "Dependence of Visitors’ Thermal Sensations on Built Environments at an Urban Square." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 10 (March 13, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i10.79.
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The built environment affects thermal conditions in an urban space, thereby affecting the visitors’ thermal comfort. The objective of the study is to determine the effects of landscape attributes on microclimatic conditions and public thermal perceptions at an urban square in temperate and dry region. Simultaneous measurement and questionnaire surveys were conducted in winter and summer in Isfahan, Iran. Thermal stress was found to be higher in summer than in winter. Evaporative cooling by water and providing more air velocities were two useful ameliorating strategies. The visitors were most sensitive to changes of air temperature (Ta) rather than other parameters.Keywords: Thermal comfort; built environment; urban square; microclimates eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Mirzaei, Enayat, and Dominique Mignot. "An Empirical Analysis of Mode Choice Decision for Utilitarian and Hedonic Trips: Evidence from Iran." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 6896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126896.
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A sizeable body of literature reveals a strong relationship between mode choice and health status. Therefore, society would benefit from travel if transportation and urban planners motivated more individuals to satisfy their desire for travel by active transportation rather than motorized transportation. Despite rich existing literature about the relations between the built environment and travel, we still need to address some research gaps in explaining travel mode choice. As a shortcoming, identifying and measuring the primary motivations for trips, and then incorporating such motivations into travel mode choice modelling, has received less attention in previous research. In this regard the current paper follows two main goals. It aims to differentiate between trips by determining the main utility of travelers and then analyzes the impact of the built environment measurements and subjective attributes on mode choice decision. Using data from a survey of 515 participants who reside in Isfahan, Iran, we conducted a series of binary logistic models to explore how the built environment influences mode choice decisions for different trips, controlling for socio-economics and subjective attributes. The results show that the number of hedonic trips were sizably more than utilitarian trips. It was found that travel mode choice for utilitarian and hedonic trips is influenced by travel habits and subjective attitudes, but the built environment also matters. Specifically, two built environment characteristics, including density and diversity, can substitute walking/cycling for driving for utilitarian trips. In addition, car use for hedonic trips is not influenced by built environment measurements. It seems that the utility and desire of hedonic driving depends on mode of travel. It is concluded that driving and walking/biking for hedonic and utilitarian trips are not single behaviors and differentiating between trips according to their main utility and considering both objective and subjective attributes helps urban and transportation planners prescribe appropriate spatial and nonspatial strategies to encourage walking/biking.
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Ghazavi, Mansuoreh, Ahmad Reza Nasr, Ebrahim Mirshah Jafari, and Neamatollah Mosapour. "The Investigation of Challenges in Developing and Implementing New Academic Disciplines in Iranian Universities: Views of the Faculty Members." International Education Studies 9, no. 6 (May 26, 2016): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n6p158.
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<p class="apa">The move on decentralization of curriculum development in recent decade has become one of the major tasks in developing scientific fields in Iran. By implementing these programs some drawbacks have become evident. The objective of this study was to identify and assess the existing challenges involved in the development of academic disciplines from the faculty members’ views. For this aim, through a descriptive study, a body of 125 faculty members involved in academic disciplines development from state universities of Isfahan, Tehran and Ferdowsi are randomly selected. The study pursued seven research questions using a researcher-made questionnaire. Findings showed that interdisciplinary challenges, structural challenges and management challenges significantly exceeded the moderate level. Moreover, scientific-professional and financial challenges significantly affected the curriculum development of the academic disciplines. Results of MANOVA further showed that there were significant differences between the mean scores of faculty members’ views regarding the structural and management challenges in different universities. In general, results of the study highlighted the challenges which can be considered as important obstacles in the development process of disciplines and society at large. Optimization of this process needs the correctly addressed opinions of the faculty members in this respect.</p>
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Safarian, Payam, and Arezoo Azar. "A survey of the effect of cultural roots of society on design of house architecture (Case study: Traditional culture of Iran society, Iranian-Islamic houses)." KURMANJ; The Journal of Culture, Humanities and Social Science 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/kurmanj.2.3.1.
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Moafi, Samaneh. "A Gift of Compassion: Welfare, Housing, and Domesticity in Contemporary Iran." International Journal of Islamic Architecture 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 391–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00019_1.
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Abstract This article examines the largest welfare housing project in the history of the Islamic Republic of Iran (1979‐2020). It sets out to present a particular method of research that, borrowing from the discipline of anthropology, takes planning documents as a point of departure. I will inquire into the ways state-initiated architectural projects intersect with the demands and realities of domesticity and residents' everyday habits of living, giving particular attention to the gender roles and class identities in welfare housing projects and the position of female beneficiaries in relation to their family as well as the larger society. Using the example of the Mehr project in Iran, I demonstrate how housing operated for government officials as a means for re-organizing society along the axes of patronage and patriarchy. Moving to the field of everyday life, however, and building on the discourses of domesticity and women's struggle, I unpack how, starting from the intimate scale of the domestic, welfare can serve as the basis for a newly empowered beneficiary to conceive her rights and exercise them. The research that is presented in this paper challenges the negative conception of welfare housing as mere charitable aid devoid of any potential for supporting the social rights of a people.
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Tavakoli, Davod Baradaran, Negin Bareshadat, Maryam Tafrishi, and Ehsan Abbaspour. "Investigation of LSF Structure Effect on Economy and Sustainable Housing in Iran. Case Study: 50m2 Units." Review of European Studies 9, no. 3 (June 20, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v9n3p30.
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Housing is an important element in government’s broad social agenda. This element overlaps employment, health, education, crime and many other aspects of life. We can say housing is stable, when everyone has access to a minimum house, social cohesion promotes and people’s lives improve toward self-reliance. On the other hand, designing stable buildings is aimed to reduce its damage on environment, energy resources and nature that requires spending to build housing, however, due to high cost of housing, poor sectors of society cannot buy house, while government has to provide house for all sectors in society. Assuming that LSF structures promote stability, this study is aimed to structural search to build urban buildings, which is responsive to sustainable architecture and can be justified economically. This study is analytical and based on library studies and comparative analogy tries to answer questions such as: how to use LSF structure in designing buildings in order to reduce their cost, and whether these structures is affordable across the country based on variety of building regulations in cities. In this regard, in order to examine LSF technology in construction and comparing it with conventional construction methods, we investigate and calculate 50 square meters one-bedroom apartments. Our conclusion indicates that using this technology in addition to positive response to sustainable architecture, increases the ability to buy a home, as well as strength and durability of these structures compared to conventional constructions in different environmental conditions and earthquake.
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Fard, Haniyeh Razavivand. "Urbanization and Informal Settlement Challenges: Case Study Tehran Metropolitan City." Open House International 43, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2018-b0011.
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Increase in the population rate and the extent of urbanization in the last two centuries resulted in the concentration of the population around the growth poles. A large portion of this population lives in the peripheries of the large cities in informal settlements under inappropriate situations specifically in developing countries. Iran is one the countries that has severely experienced this problem since 1930s. Iranian cities are some of the biggest cities of Middle East to have been developed unequally, because of various factors including in-migration, unevenly distribution of resources, insufficient state policies and the local authorities haven't been successful on tackling the problem yet. The overconcentration of population in some major cities of the country is the result of centralization of main industrial and economic poles around these centers which leads to the immigration of unemployed people to these cities. Thus, this issue has a great impact on the unequal expansion of major cities. Tehran, as the largest and the most urbanized city of the country, absorb a large percentage of national resources and magnetizes many people with various socio-economic background. However, the polarized system of the city offers chances for those who can adjust themselves to the system, while the others that cannot afford living in the city boundaries, reside in the city fringes in substandard living conditions. Therefore, in Iran the inequalities between urban and rural, gradually has altered to inequalities within cities and the trend is more significant in some major cities including Tehran, Mashhad, Shiraz, Tabriz, Isfahan and many other cities. Furthermore, it is more challenging in the case of Tehran, when its population during 1920s and 1970s increased to thirteen times by the pace of rapid development, centralization and capital flow. So, the city has expanded around its periphery specifically towards south and west. This process accelerated between 1970s and 2000s by implementing new legislation and master plans, and as a result, Tehran converted to Tehran Metropolis Region which is multi-center comprised of the central core which is the Tehran city, main access roads and other cores around which are the centers of residential and work concentration, reliant on the main city economically. This kind of urban sprawl is has accompanied with break in urban structure and fading urban sustainability as well as population movements and formation of spontaneous settlements which is the pressuring problem in cities of newly developing countries.
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Feizi, Awat, Roqayeh Aliyari, and Hamidreza Roohafza. "Association of Perceived Stress with Stressful Life Events, Lifestyle and Sociodemographic Factors: A Large-Scale Community-Based Study Using Logistic Quantile Regression." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/151865.
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Objective. The present paper aimed at investigating the association between perceived stress and major life events stressors in Iranian general population.Methods. In a cross-sectional large-scale community-based study, 4583 people aged 19 and older, living in Isfahan, Iran, were investigated. Logistic quantile regression was used for modeling perceived stress, measured by GHQ questionnaire, as the bounded outcome (dependent), variable, and as a function of most important stressful life events, as the predictor variables, controlling for major lifestyle and sociodemographic factors. This model provides empirical evidence of the predictors’ effects heterogeneity depending on individual location on the distribution of perceived stress.Results. The results showed that among four stressful life events, family conflicts and social problems were more correlated with level of perceived stress. Higher levels of education were negatively associated with perceived stress and its coefficients monotonically decrease beyond the 30th percentile. Also, higher levels of physical activity were associated with perception of low levels of stress. The pattern of gender’s coefficient over the majority of quantiles implied that females are more affected by stressors. Also high perceived stress was associated with low or middle levels of income.Conclusions. The results of current research suggested that in a developing society with high prevalence of stress, interventions targeted toward promoting financial and social equalities, social skills training, and healthy lifestyle may have the potential benefits for large parts of the population, most notably female and lower educated people.
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Blair, Sheila. "A Medieval Persian Builder." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 45, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990209.
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Lacking many of the documentary and archival sources available to scholars of the medieval Western world, historians of Islamic architecture are forced to turn to another feature of architectural decoration to reconstruct the building tradition: the written word. A builder's signature on a set of luster tiles in the Metropolitan Museum of Art allows us to connect the set to an early-14th-century shrine complex in central Iran. Reading of another inscription on the tiles, hitherto unnoticed and containing a signature and date, allows us to reconstruct the building campaign at the site and to evaluate the position of builders and potters in Mongol society.
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Javanmardi, Leila. "Urbanism under dictatorship." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 13, no. 3 (November 11, 2019): 498–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-05-2019-0128.
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Purpose By analyzing urbanism products, development plans and the process of modernization in Iran, the purpose of this paper is to critically trace the effect of dictatorial control on urbanism and the emergence of government-imposed urban segregation. Design/methodology/approach The main body of this work is concentrated on studying the history of urbanism in Iran, of which collecting data and descriptions played a crucial role. To prevent the limitations associated with singular methods, the methodology of this research is based on methodological triangulation (Denzin, 2017). With the triangulation scheme, the data are gathered by combining different qualitative and quantitative methods such as library, archival and media research, online resources, non-participatory observation and photography. For the empirical part, the city of Tehran is selected as the case study. Moreover, individual non-structured interviews with the locals were conducted to gain more insights regarding the housing projects. Findings The results reveal that despite the intense propaganda, the regime policies barely mentioned the urban poor. With the rise of new principles of architecture and urban planning, the regime tried to promote the image of an updated society; restructuring of the urban space was part of this process. However, the majority of the urban projects disregarded the financial ability of low-income groups and eventually benefited only the middle and upper classes. Also, by imposing a physical distance, low-income neighborhoods were located in the south in order to marginalize the urban poor who were in contrast with the idea of a modern city. Under these circumstances, severe economic inequality was provoked, which to this day has transformed into a complex socio-spatial segregation. Originality/value The works of general historical studies are not concentrated on urbanism and urban researchers have mostly focused on urbanism products during different periods, regardless, of the importance of urbanism as a tool in the service of hegemony. In other words, the majority of existing research investigates the evolution of urbanism and architecture in modern Iran, by questioning “what has been built?” and has ignored to trace the beneficiaries of the urban projects and to question “built for whom?”. Moreover, urbanism under the government of Mossadegh (1951–1953) has been largely overlooked, which could be due to his short time as Prime Minister of Iran. Mossadegh’s government was the first democratic government in Iran; hence investigating the policies used in this period has a great importance.
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Nourmusavi Nasab, Sara, Amir Reza Karimi Azeri, and Seyedjalal Mirbazel. "Ideal physical features of environmental design in children’s hospital." Facilities 38, no. 5/6 (January 8, 2020): 445–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-03-2019-0032.
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Purpose During hospitalization, children are faced with physical disorders and many psychological challenges. One important factor affecting children is the environmental design of the hospital. The inappropriate design of hospitals may contribute to an increase in fear, anxiety and behavioral disorders. The purpose of this study is to use children’s perspectives to evaluate the importance and impact of effective environmental factors to generate children’s hospital design guidelines. Design/methodology/approach In this study, children’s desired atmosphere during treatment was examined via 16 drawings and 24 interviews from children at a children’s hospital in Iran. Findings The encoding of information extracted environmental components such as window view, color, hobby, playing, decorations, family presence, structure of hospital, presence of nurse, furniture, water features, light and green space. The results indicate that children prefer a hospital environment that provides entertainment facilities while also offering design features such as the presence of light, colorful decorations, the existence of green spaces and conditions suitable for their families to be present. Research limitations/implications Depending on the location and their living conditions, the children’s prioritization can be different in any society. In addition, the data of this research was descriptive; thus, the conclusions must be considered tentative. Originality/value A number of studies focus on the needs of populations in developed countries. This topic has not been investigated in a major way via professionals in non-western countries such as Iran. Thus, the context of this study and present findings can be deemed unique.
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Abbasi Jondani, Javad. "Locus of Control in College Students with and Without Visual Impairments, and the Visual Characteristics that Affect It." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 115, no. 1 (January 2021): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x20987019.
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Introduction: According to previous research, locus of control (LOC) has a crucial role in an individual’s psychological well-being. The purpose of this study was 3-fold: (1) comparing LOC of college students with and without visual impairments while controlling for gender, educational level, and age; (2) investigating the relationship between LOC and visual characteristics in college students with visual impairments; and (3) predicting LOC of these students using their visual characteristics. Methods: The design of this study was causal-comparative. The statistical population included a sample of college students with and without visual impairments who were enrolled at the University of Isfahan, Iran. Fifteen of the 20 college students with visual impairments were selected through convenience sampling and amongst sighted students, 15 individuals were selected in a way that they were matched with college students with visual impairment regarding gender, educational level, and age. The Rotter Locus of Control Scale was used to measure LOC. Also, visual impairment characteristics and demographic data were collected. The results were analyzed by t-test and stepwise regression analysis. Results: Results indicated no significant difference between LOC of college students with and without visual impairments ( p > .05), and both groups tended to have internal LOC on average. The results indicated that adjustment to visual impairment and the recent status of visual impairment might predict the LOC of a college student who is visually impaired and explained 59.2% of its variance with this sample ( p < .005). Discussion: LOC of college students with visual impairments was similar to their sighted counterparts. The better adjusted the person was to his or her visual impairment and the less worsening the status of visual impairment was, the higher internal LOC he or she had. Implications for practitioners: Families and society can help individuals with visual impairments build their internal LOC, by teaching them how to adjust to their disability and providing them the conditions to increase their independence. At the same time, preparing them for entering university may also help them develop their sense of internal LOC.
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Nasr, Tahereh. "Criteria for Housing Design with Emphasis on Comparison between Traditional and Today Contemporary Iranian Architecture." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 6 (November 30, 2016): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n6p182.
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<p>Settling in the cities and the numerous efforts being made for massive supply of houses in a short time period, makes difficult the access to a pattern as appropriate for family life with increase in concentration in building construction, the individual and family borders, too, are neglected.</p><p>Though due to the extensiveness and complexity of the concept of housing, one cannot give a comprehensive, unique definition of it, but the housing, as a shelter, is regarded as the primary and basic needs of the family.</p><p>House as a place for relaxation and comfort and a shelter for removing tiredness has been a peace and security locality from a long time ago. House demand is one of the most essential human`s demands. According to Article 31 of fundamental law of Islamic Republic of Iran also, possessing a suitable house is considered as the right for every person and every Iranian family. House not only as a shelter, but also as a place for humans raise, has a great importance in the initial and most fundamental society union, namely family.</p><p>Identifying the identity and investigating the residential complexes in regard to the aesthetics implies the precise and conscious observing and noticing their beauties and or ugliness.</p><p>Main Questions in this paper are:</p><ul><li>What are the consequences of disregarding the identity of today's housing architecture, especially the architecture of the ancient towns?</li><li>Can the components of Iranian traditional architecture be applied in today contemporary residential architecture and be effective to create a sense of place?</li></ul><p>So the main purpose of this article is Pathology of Today Contemporary Iranian housing Architecture and Comparison with traditional Iranian architecture.</p><p>The method explored is a descriptive-analytical and field method to gather information and documents are available. The impact of known factors and variables in Iranian contemporary and traditional residential architecture has been evaluated and compared.</p><p>Accordingly, having some criteria for achieving a suitable house design pattern is essential in a way that makes it possible to understand all its visual embodiments and identify its identity.</p>This research also state the reasons for disability of today`s architecture and urban development against house problem and recommend some criteria for achieving a house design pattern after an overview of the definition of housing and examination of Iranian housing.
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Akbari, Saeed, Mostafa Khanzadi, and Mohammad Reza Gholamian. "Building a rough sets-based prediction model for classifying large-scale construction projects based on sustainable success index." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 25, no. 4 (May 21, 2018): 534–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-05-2016-0110.
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PurposeTo address requirements and specifications of construction project, academics need to build a project classification model. In recent years, project success concept, particularly on large-scale construction projects, has been a controversial issue, especially in developing countries. Hence, in this paper, after introducing a sustainable success index (SSI), a novel method called “rough set approach” had been adopted to induce decision rules and to classify construction projects. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachAt first, 20 effective success factors and 15 success criteria based on three pillars of sustainability of economy, society and environment had been categorized. The research data used for analysis had been collected from 26 large-scale construction projects in Iran and five other countries. After collecting data collection, observations had been analyzed and 51 decision rules were generated, and the projects were classified. Eventually, in order to evaluate the performance of the generated rules, confusion matrix was applied, and the model was validated.FindingsThe results of the present study show that rough set theory (RST) can be an effective and valuable tool for building expert systems. Practical applications of these results along with limitations and future research are described.Originality/valuePerhaps for the first time, in the present study, a number of large-scale construction projects are classified based on SSI. Applying RST for building rule-based system and classifying projects in construction project area are novel attempts undertaken in this paper. The rules induced in this study can be applied to develop a sustainable success prediction model in the future studies.
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Jami, Meysam Abshenas, Mohamadreza Baneshi, and Maryam Nasirian. "Population Size Estimation of High-Risk Behavior in Isfahan, Iran: Using the Network Scale-up Method in 2018." Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, July 13, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v7i2.6711.
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Background and Objective: Due to the impact of risky behaviors in the community and the need for getting information and planning in this regard, the number of people with high-risk sexual behaviors in Isfahan will be indirectly estimated by the network scale-up method.
Method:In a cross-sectional study conducted in June2018in14districts of Isfahan, a sample of1000 people was recruited by a non-random multistage method and interviewed using a standard questionnaire to identify people with high-risk sexual behavior. Data are analyzed based on a network scale-up method in the STATA application.
Results:According to a report by men, the prevalence of male Extra marital sexual relations (N=2437) and relation with paying prostituted women (N=1211), with non-paying prostituted women (N=298), Homosexuality (N=696) and history of traveling for sexual relations (N =880/100,000); And according to a report by women, the prevalence of female Extra marital sexual relations (N=1386) and Sex Worker women (Monetary) (N=946), Sex Worker women (Non-Monetary) (N=258), and history of travelling for sexual relations (N=13/100,000). In both sexes, the age group of18 to 30years was more at risk for sexual behaviors than other groups.
Discussion and Conclusion: It seems that the prevalence of sexual high-risk behaviors in Isfahan is remarkable as the increased prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, but unfortunately, the required training is low in this regard, more attention should be paying to train people to prevent the prevalence of these high-risk sexual behaviors in society.
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Sadeqi, Sara, Ahmad Ekhlassi, and Saeid Norouzian-Maleki. "An analysis of structural aesthetics in architecture case study: Taj-Ol-Molk Dome, Jāmeh Mosque of Isfahan, Iran." SN Applied Sciences 1, no. 6 (May 15, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-0558-5.
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Akbari, Hassan, and Nazanin Niazi Motlagh Joonaghani. "Analysis of the geometric and natural properties of courtyards in historical houses of Isfahan (Iran)." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, September 17, 2021, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2021.1971674.
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Esfandiari, Zahra, Maryam Mirlohi, Jila M. Tanha, Marjan Hadian, Sayed Isa Mossavi, Akbar Ansariyan, Neda Ghassami, et al. "Effect of Face-to-Face Education on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward “Traffic Light” Food Labeling in Isfahan Society, Iran." International Quarterly of Community Health Education, April 6, 2020, 0272684X2091661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x20916612.
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Emerging noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) with premature mortality are one of the major concerns in health supervising organizations of the world. High intake of energy, salt, sugar, fat, and trans fatty acids are introduced as dietary risk factors of NCDs. The status of food risk factors is presented in Traffic Light (TL) food labeling through colors of red, yellow, and green as the signs of stop, wait and watch and go, respectively. This stepwise interventional study examined whether TL education can result in choosing healthier food via assessing the impact of face-to-face educational sessions on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of 673 respondents toward TL food labeling through a self-administered and structured questionnaire. Paired t test or alternatively Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the influence of education in total scores of knowledge, attitudes, and practices in test–retest. Results indicated that before education, the average of the scores for the knowledge, attitudes, and practices was 1.003 ± 0.69, 10.97 ± 1.86, and 1.60 ± 1.84, respectively. After education, the scores were increased to 8.72 ± 3.11, 15.95 ± 2.64, and 8.42 ± 1.69. Significant differences in the scores of the respondents were observed before and after education ( p < .05). This study revealed that the intervention of education had positive effect on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the studied population. Even though general awareness about the food risk factors of NCDs existed, special education is required to make public TL and food labeling information usage as an actual guidance for every food item in Iran.
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Afrasiabi, Hossein, and Marjan Junbakhsh. "Meanings and Experiences of Being Transgender: A Qualitative Study among Transgender Youth." Qualitative Report, August 11, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2019.3594.
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Our aim in this qualitative study was to explore the meaning and experiences of transgender youth in their everyday interactions. Participants included 24 transgender youth from Yazd and Isfahan Cities (Iran). We selected participants through purposeful sampling method. Research data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The interview transcripts were analyzed using theoretical coding techniques. The results showed that transgender people like to present their favorite identity in behaviors, wearing and social appearances, their social and domestic acceptance is deferred as the society defines transgender as a taboo and ostracizes persons. They felt themselves in a converse body and under pressure for coexistence by peers and neighbors. They attempt to save their desired identity through daydreaming and performing identity role in solitude.
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Rizvi, Kishwar. "Kishwar Rizvi. Review of "Isfahan and its Palaces: Statecraft, Shi'ism and the Architecture of Conviviality in Early Modern Iran" by Sussan Babaie." caa.reviews, October 20, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3202/caa.reviews.2010.115.
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Halvaiepour, Zohreh, and Mehdi Nosratabadi. "Identifying social perceptions of people ignoring COVID-19 warnings: a qualitative study in Iran." BMC Research Notes 14, no. 1 (September 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13104-021-05797-0.
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Abstract Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has had various effects on the social life and daily activities of people in most countries in the world, including Iran. Hygienic precautions have been recommended, such as wearing masks and maintaining social distancing, to reduce the spread of the COVID-19. However, some people in society have not considered and ignored these health issues. This study aims to identify the sociological perceptions of people who ignore the COVID-19 warning. A qualitative study was carried out from May to July 2020. The interviewees were purposefully selected from people in Isfahan who avoided paying attention to the COVID-19 warnings. The saturation point was reached in 20 semi-structured interviews. The thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the transcribed documents using MAXQDA software (version 12). Results The results show 2 themes and 4 sub-themes related to the sociological perception of people who ignore the COVID-19 warning. The themes and sub-themes include: feelings of social anomie (disruption and social unrest, social distrust), unmet social relationship needs (intention to maintain social participation, Feeling of reduced social support). In order to tackle social perceptions contrary to health observance during the coronavirus pandemic, educational resources such as mass media, cyberspace and social programs on the necessity and importance of health observance need to be used. Policies should also be implemented in the social, cultural and legislative contexts to enhance the degree of individuals' social responsibility.
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Changiz, Tahereh, and Mahboobeh Namnabati. "Management of Comprehensive Care of multiple-birth infants from fetal to infancy period: challenges, training, strategies." BMC Pediatrics 21, no. 1 (March 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02613-3.
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Abstract Background Prematurity escalates the crisis of the infants a susceptible group of the society. Multiple delivery further intensifies the susceptibility of both family and health system. A comprehensive care is, thus, necessary to ensure the optimal growth and development of such multiple-births. Accompanied by trainings, challenges, and strategies, the present study was conducted based on a two-year report of comprehensive care management experience on two sets of multiple infants. Methods A qualitative case study approach was used to survey these two sets of premature infants (quadruplet and quintuplet) and their families. The data were collected through medical files, interviews, questionnaire, field presence, phone call and WhatsApp application, and continued follow-ups. Content analysis was performed based on survey and interventions during a period of two years in Isfahan, Iran (2018–2020). Results Case presentation and comprehensive care management are the main areas resulted from this study. The results of the study were categorized in eight challenging areas (categories) and strategies including sterility and infertility period, transition from the intrauterine to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), discharge process, physical and developmental status, home visit and home care, development of care plan, socio-economic support, and coronavirus nightmare. Conclusion Based on challenges and strategies during these two years, the situation of the multiple-birth infants and their families’ needs should be identified as the first prerequisites in an inter-professional approach and in collaboration with the health providers. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Welfare Organization, and the charities were the parties involved with this process in our study. It was also found that developing a separate specific package of comprehensive care management plan for multiple-births is a necessity.
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Etemadifar, Masoud, Shadi Ghourchian, Nazanin Mahinparvar, Mehri Salari, Fatemeh Etemadifar, Yalda Nikanpour, Shahin Sanaei, and Mojtaba Akbari. "Cyclophosphamide Versus Rituximab in Progressive Forms of Multiple Sclerosis." ACTA MEDICA IRANICA, February 22, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/acta.v57i8.2413.
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This study aimed to compare the efficacy of rituximab versus Cyclophosphamide on active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). The randomized clinical trial was performed from 2015 to 2017 in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinics affiliated to Isfahan MS society (IMSS). Patients were randomized to two groups, and one of them received Rituximab that was repeated every six months in case of medical indication. The other one received a monthly pulse of methylprednisolone plus cyclophosphamide (Endoxan, Baxter, UK) until two years. Expanded disabilities status scale (EDSS), clinical, and MRI findings were assessed every six months. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. 39 patients in the Rituximab group and 30 in the Cyclophosphamide group with similar age and gender distribution were entered for analysis. At baseline, the mean number of attacks in the Rituximab group was significantly more than the Cyclophosphamide group (P=0.0001). After 6, 12, and 18 months of treatment, the rate of attacks was similar between groups although it increased significantly in the Rituximab group (P=0.030) after 24 months of treatment. EDSS was increased in the Rituximab group more than the other group at the end of the study. Both drugs were well-tolerated by patients. The EDSS was increased in the Rituximab group but the disability score did not worsen in the Cyclophosphamide group. Both therapies were associated with a reduction in disease attacks and improvement in radiologic findings in a two-year period of follow-up.
© 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta Med Iran 2019;57(8):484-491.
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"Reliability and Validity of Household Disaster Preparedness Index (HDPI)." Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, November 5, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32592/ircmj.2020.22.12.281.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The preparedness of families for the disasters can set auspicious grounds for the preparedness of the whole society. In Iran health system, Household Disaster Preparedness Index (HDPI) that is composed of 15 items is applied for assessing the household preparedness in disasters. This study was conducted to investigate the reliability and validity of this index. Methods: In order to investigate the HDPI reliability, we two methods, namely internal consistency and stability determination, are. In order to investigate HDPI validity, we examined the face validity, content validity and construct validity. To do so, besides interviewing with the experts and family heads, 200 families were selected based on multistage cluster sampling method from amongst a study population that included the families in all the counties in Isfahan Province. Use has been made in content validity investigation of both qualitative and quantitative methods; and, in investigating the construct validity, exploratory factor analysis was the method of choice. Results: The amount of HDPI internal consistency was calculated 0.786 which is in an acceptable range. HDPI stability, as well, was computed 0.98 using the test-retest method which is also in an optimal level. Therefore, it can be stated that HDPI enjoys the required reliability. Investigation of HDPI face validity indicated that the families have problems in perceiving some of the items of this index. The experts presented suggestions for improving the HDPI content validity following the qualitative investigation of the content validity. In the investigation of the content validity ratio (CVR), all the items, except the ones numbered 1, 3 and 4 were in an acceptable range; however, the investigation of the content validity index (CVI) indicated that only the validity of the items numbered 12 and 13 was acceptable in terms of all the three scales of relevancy, clarity and simplicity. To determine the construct validity, we used exploratory factor analysis to extract five factors (subscales), namely reduction of vulnerability, planning for disasters, family empowerment, procurement of resources for disasters and specialized programs. The internal consistency of these subscales indicated that only the internal consistencies of the first and the second factors were in an acceptable range. Conclusion: The present study revealed that although HDPI was a reliable measure, it did not enjoy the required validity for assessing the household preparedness in disasters.