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Durham, Robert Carson. "The architecture of sound." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23910.
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Joyner, John Edward III. "The impact architectural on acoustical settings for sacred music in the Episcopal Parish Churches of Georgia." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21662.
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Thery, David. "Architectural auralizations : towards the integration of virtual acoustic design in architecture." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS016.
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Cette thèse a étudié l’usage des auralisations durant la phase de design de projets architecturaux. Cette technologie, qui consiste à rendre audibles des simulations numériques à partir de modèles acoustiques géométriques, a été beaucoup utilisée en recherche, allant d’études cognitives à l’évaluation de l’acoustique des salles de concert, en passant par des études archéoacoustiques permettant la conservation du patrimoine via la reconstitution de l’empreinte acoustique de lieux historiques. La question ici était donc d’évaluer la potentielle amélioration que l’usage des auralisa- tions apporterait durant la conception d’espaces architecturaux. En se basant sur la théorie de l’acceptabilité pratique, l’usage des auralisations a été étudié à partir de questionnaire et entretiens de consultants en acoustique, ainsi que l’observation d’un cas pratique d’utilisation, en collaboration avec Theatre Projects Consultants. Ces études ont permis l’identification des principaux usages des auralisations, ainsi que les difficultés rencontrées, tant déclarées qu’observées, freinant l’adoption par les consul- tants. L’une des nécessités pour favoriser cette adoption tient dans la fiabilité de la technologie, que ce soit les outils eux-mêmes, ou les rendus de ces auralisations. La stabilité de la perception auditive a donc été évaluée, comparant différents systèmes de restitution. La méthode de reproduction sonore pour commencer, en comparant un rendu Binaural traqué et un rendu Ambisonic. De même, l’influence du système de VR visuel pour des auralisations multimodales a été évalué. Une relative stabilité de notre perception auditive a été observée, avec toutefois un léger impact du système sur l’évaluation de l’impression d’enveloppement (LEV) et de la largeur apparent de source (ASW). Des efforts sur l’adaptabilité des outils d’auralisations, et le transfert de connaissances de la recherche á l’industrie sont nécessaires pour permettre de mieux intégrer les auralisations dans les pratiques des architectes et acousticiensThis thesis investigated the use of auralization in the design phase of architectural projects. While this technology, which consists of rendering audible numerical acoustical simulations, has been extensively used in research, from cognitive to human-computer interfaces to archeology to concert halls acoustics evaluation studies, only limited data existed on its use by acoustical consultants for acoustical design. The question was to evaluate if auralizations can improve the processes of acoustical design for the conception of architectural spaces. Based on the practical acceptability theory, the use of auralizations has been studied through questionnaire and interviews of acoustical consultants, as well as the observation of a practical case study project, conducted in collaboration with Theatre Projects Consultants. These enabled the identification of the main uses of auralizations, as well as the difficulties encountered that impede the adoption of the technology. One of the requirements for its adoption is the accuracy and reliability of both the results and the tools themselves. Therefore, the stability of auditory perception was assessed in perceptive studies along a set of subjective attributes, with auralizations rendered over different interfaces, including sound reproduction methods and VR visual interfaces. The two sound reproduction methods compared were head-tracked Binaural and Ambisonic while the VR visual devices compared were a HMD and a CAVE-light system. A relative stability of auditaptory perception was observed, while the perceived Envelopment and Apparent Source Width were slightly impacted by the rendering system in both cases. Efforts in the adaptability of auralization tools for use in architectural design and knowledge transfer from research to industry are still needed for a better integration of auralizations in architects and acousticians workflow
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Nguyen, Andy. "Sensing sound and space auditory and visual spatial impression in three auditoria /." Connect to full text, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/697.
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Thesis (M. Phil. (Arch.))--University of Sydney, 2005.Title from title screen (viewed 27 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy (Architecture) to the School of Architecture, Design Science and Planning, Faculty of Architecture. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Lopes, Renata Kintschner. "Relações e influências da aplicação da acústica no processo de projeto de arquitetura contemporânea." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258534.
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Orientador: Stelamaris Rolla BertoliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: No processo de projeto, é necessário que o arquiteto busque soluções integradas para uma série de exigências projetuais. Os fatores acústicos devem ser claramente compreendidos e incorporados no início da conceitualização do projeto arquitetônico, para que a qualidade sonora seja alcançada. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é investigar como os conceitos da acústica arquitetônica interferem na composição arquitetônica durante a fase projetual. Algumas tipologias de edifícios possuem propostas arquitetônicas mais complexas e exigem a participação de muitos especialistas, compondo equipes multidisciplinares. Esses fatores tornam indispensável a aplicação de uma metodologia de projeto, para tornar o processo projetual compreensível e transparente. O método de projeto baseado no desempenho foi identificado como um método adequado para a concepção de edifícios que envolvem vários requisitos de desempenho acústico. A presente pesquisa não pretende impor regras ou diretrizes projetuais, mas busca investigar como o projeto arquitetônico de edifícios pode ser enriquecido a partir do atendimento dos requisitos de conforto acústico e qualidade sonora. A partir da revisão bibliográfica, os aspectos arquitetônicos considerados mais relevantes e abrangentes aos edifícios contemporâneos foram: implantação e meio urbano, forma, dimensões e volume, materiais, mecanismos de variabilidade acústica e metodologia projetual. Para os estudos de caso foram analisadas as seguintes obras: a Sala São Paulo, projetada pelo arquiteto Nelson Dupré e equipe; Casa da Música, do arquiteto Rem Koolhaas; o Centro de Mídia Experimental e Artes Performáticas (EMPAC), do escritório Grimshaw Architects; e a Walt Disney Concert Hall, do arquiteto Frank Gehry. A análise dos resultados obtidos por meio dos estudos de caso foi feita a partir dos mesmos aspectos levantados na revisão bibliográfica, além da análise das metodologias projetuais aplicadas, com o intuito de se fazer uma verificação de como acústica e projeto arquitetônico dialogam em situações reais. Para uma visualização sintetizada, uma tabela foi elaborada relacionando parâmetros acústicos objetivos com os parâmetros subjetivos e as respectivas estratégias arquitetônicas para atendê-los. Espera-se que os requisitos acústicos não sejam somente uma fração da técnica de qualidade sonora, mas também um elemento que enriqueça o partido arquitetônico e a composição da arquitetura contemporânea
Abstract: During the design process, it is necessary for the architect to seek integrated solutions for a number of design requirements. Acoustic factors must be clearly understood and incorporated at the beginning of the design for the sound quality is achieved. The objective of this research is to investigate how the concepts of architectural acoustics affect the architectural composition during the design process. Some types of buildings have architectural proposals more complex and require the participation of many experts, forming multidisciplinary teams. These factors make it essential to apply a design methodology to make the design process understandable and clear. The performance based design method was identified suitable for designing buildings that involve a number of acoustic requirements. This research does not intend to impose rules or design guidelines, but seeks to investigate how the architectural design of buildings can be enhanced by compliance with the requirements of acoustic comfort and sound quality. From the literature review, the architectural aspects deemed most relevant and embracing to contemporary buildings were implantation and urban environment, shape, size and volume, materials, devices of acoustic variability and architectural design methodology. For the case studies the following projects were analyzed: the Sala Sao Paulo, by architect Nelson Dupré and team, Casa da Musica, designed by architect Rem Koolhaas, the Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center (Empac), by Grimshaw Architects, and the Walt Disney Concert Hall, by architect Frank Gehry. The analysis of the results obtained through the case studies was made from the same issues raised in the literature review, and also the analysis of design methods applied in order to make an investigation of how acoustic and architectural design dialogue in real cases. For a synthesized view, a table relates objective acoustic parameters with subjective acoustic parameters and the architectural strategies to meet them. It is expected that the acoustic requirements are not only a fraction of the technique for sound quality, but also an element that enriches the architectural party and the composition of contemporary architecture
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Victor, John Samuel. "Interaction of Low Frequency Sound with Glass and other Building Materials in the Design of a Concert Hall for Symphony Orchestra and Choir." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33313.
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In the world today, Concert Halls for Symphony Orchestra and Choir are generally â enclosed performance spacesâ that are completely cut-off from the outside: Whether itâ s a time of daylight or moonlight, rain or shine, summer or winter, spring or autumn, the environment within remains the same all the time.
I asked the question: â What if a concert hall offers views outside?â
To be more specific, the question is: â What if a concert hall offers views outside through the use of glass, along with other building materials, despite the fact that glass offers lower reflectivity and lower transmission loss for lower frequencies of sound, compared to certain other materials?â
Hence the title: Interaction of Low Frequency Sound with Glass and other Building Materials in the Design of a Concert Hall for Symphony Orchestra and Choir.Master of Architecture
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Maiorino, Alexandre Virginelli 1972. "Influência acústica de concha orquestral na área da plateia de teatro de múltiplo uso." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258541.
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Orientador: Stelamaris Rolla BertoliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: A construção de Teatros para Múltiplo uso tem se tornado cada vez mais comum devido à necessidade de abrigar diversos tipos de espetáculos em um único espaço. Para adequar à acústica destes espaços para a música orquestral é necessário o uso de elementos que possibilitem a variação acústica do espaço como é o caso de conchas de orquestra. O principal objetivo das conchas de orquestra é melhorar a acústica no palco para os músicos e para o maestro, melhorando a sensação de conjunto e fazendo com que os músicos ouçam melhor seus instrumentos e o grupo em geral. Entretanto, a concha de orquestra pode também melhorar o desempenho acústico da área da platéia. A hipótese deste trabalho foi o de analisar a diferença do desempenho acústico percebido na área da platéia devido à inclusão de uma concha de orquestra no palco de um teatro de múltiplo uso. Medições acústicas foram realizadas em cinco diferentes tipos de montagem da concha de orquestra no palco. As medições foram feitas de acordo com a norma ISO 3382-1 (2009). Os parâmetros acústicos medidos foram o Tempo de Reverberação, Tempo Inicial de Decaimento e Índice de Clareza. Os resultados mostraram que a concha de orquestra pode de fato mudar o desempenho acústico na área da platéia, modificando a percepção acústica subjetiva do ambiente
Abstract: The construction of multiple use theatres is becoming more common due to the need to accommodate different kinds of performances at the same space. In order to acoustically adequate this space to concert music, the inclusion of an orchestra shell becomes necessary. The main objective of an orchestra shell is to improve the acoustic quality on stage, both for musicians and for the conductor. The goal is to improve balance of the group allowing musicians to hear themselves and the orchestra better. However, the orchestra shell can also improve the acoustic quality for the audience. The objective of this study was to analyze the difference of the acoustic performance perceived at the audience area with the inclusion of a lightweight orchestra shell with diffuse surface in a proscenium theatre. Acoustic measurements were done in five different assembles of the orchestra shell. Measurements were done using the impulse response technique according to ISO3382-1 (2009). Measured parameters were Reverberation Time, Early Decay Time and Clarity index. Results showed that the orchestra shell can in fact modify the acoustic performance at audience area, changing the subjective acoustic perception of the space
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Okcu, Selen. "Developing evidence based design metrics and methods for improving healthcare soundscapes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43695.
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Healing and clinical work requires a complex choreography of architectural acoustic design in healthcare settings. In most healthcare settings, medical staff members conduct vital tasks that may have life-and-death implications. Patients visit the hospitals to heal. Their expectations include fast recovery, restful sleep, and privacy (i.e., speech privacy). However, sound environment qualities of the care settings often fall far from supporting the mission of hospitals. There is strong and growing evidence showing that effective soundscapes in healthcare settings potentially impact errors, healing and stress for patients, families and staff but it is still not clear what measures of the sound environment best predict key healthcare outcomes and what design strategies best impact those measures. By using a multi-method approach (i.e., objective and subjective noise level measurements, in-situ impulse response measurements, heuristic design analysis, theoretical studies, acoustic simulations and statistical analysis), this study aims to develop evidence based design strategies by statistically defining the relationships between three types of variables: (1) architectural floor-plate design metrics, (2) acoustic metrics, and (3) occupant response.
The research is conducted in three phases. The first phase of the study compared the objective and subjective qualities of the hospital sound environments with different architectural designs, assessed the effectiveness of a newer acoustic metrics in capturing caregiver perceptions, and evaluated the impact of particular noise sources on caregiver outcomes. The second phase of the study tested the validity of an acoustic simulation tool in estimating the acoustic qualities of the healthcare soundscapes. The third phase of the study systematically explored the relationship between floor-plate design and acoustics of complex inter-connected nursing unit corridors. Even though the relationship between design and acoustics of proportional spaces (a.k.a. rooms with more traditional dimensions) has been well documented, the number of studies linking design and acoustics of complex non-proportional spaces such as inter-connected corridors still remains limited.
The findings of the first phase show that critical care sound environments with different designs can vary drastically and impact caregivers` perceived wellbeing and task performance (e.g., patient auditory monitoring). Despite their extensive use, traditional noise metrics sometimes may not be effective in capturing unique characteristics of healthcare sound environments. This study validated the effectiveness of a new more detailed noise metric, "occurrence rate", in capturing the differences between acoustic characteristics of healthcare sound environments. Moreover, particular noise sources such as impulsive noises are likely to dominate the ICU sound environments and interfere with perceived caregiver health and performance. The findings of the second phase suggest the potential effectiveness of acoustic simulation tools (with hybrid prediction programs) in estimating the acoustic qualities of complex inter-connected hospital corridors. The findings of the third phase suggest the potential significant impact of design features of particular hallways (e.g., number of turns, corridor length, and number of branches) and overall floor-shape characteristics of inter-connected corridors (i.e., relative grid distance, and visual fragmentation) on reverberation time. Overall, in the units with shorter, more compact, fragmented corridors with multiple number of branching hallways, reverberation times are likely to be less. Moreover receivers located at the corridors with less number of turns from the sound source also potentially experience lower reverberation times. According to previous research, the human auditory system`s ability to monitor auditory cues is likely to be higher in the less reverberant sound environments.
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Pati, Debajyoti. "Maximizing the benefits of courtroom POEs in design decision support and academic inquiry through a unified conceptual model." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6843.
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Post-occupancy evaluations represent an important missed opportunity. While POEs are often used to inform design guides, and to support facility management, they are seldom used to support design decision-making. While there are several technical, methodological, and cultural impediments to the ongoing use of POE results in design, characteristics of POE data and data structure is an important, and often overlooked, impediment. Some evaluators have attempted to resolve this problem by involving actively as consultants in design teams or involving users, such as Placemaking or Process Architecture. Recent advances in conceptual data modeling provide another strategy to interface POE findings and design decision-making. This thesis uses EXPRESS modeling language to develop a conceptual data structure for POE data, and integrate POE data with as-built building descriptions. While this effort has the potential to develop an improved way to structure POE data and make it more useful, it is also an extension of ISO-STEP. This study develops a data structure based on post-occupancy evaluations of state and federal trial courtrooms conducted by the researcher. Thirty-one courtrooms were evaluated, resulting in usable data from 93 courtroom users in 26 courtrooms. An EXPRESS-G schema was developed and was translated into a relational database for holding data and running queries. The investigator illustrated a range of query-generated outcomes to support decision-making during design and design review. Such outcomes include exploring existing courtrooms, comprehending the types of design decisions implemented across federal and state courtrooms, identifying design decisions that have been rated favorably or otherwise by courtroom users, rating design decisions based on evaluation data from existing courtrooms, and predicting a designed environments supportiveness to task performance. Further, multivariate analysis of the POE data provides the first scientific investigation of courtrooms as work settings. Finally, eight key performance indicators of courtrooms were developed based on the POE data.
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Chen, Zhixin. "An investigation of acoustic impulse response measurement and modeling for small rooms." Diss., Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/chen/ChenZ1207.pdf.
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Hughes, Richard James. "Volume diffusers for architectural acoustics." Thesis, University of Salford, 2011. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/17672/.
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Most conventional diffusers are used on room surfaces, and consequently can only operate on a hemispherical area. Placing a diffuser in the volume of a room may provide greater efficiency by allowing scattering into the whole space. There are very few examples of volume diffusers and they tend to be limited in design; subsequently a suitable method for their development is lacking. 2D volumetric diffusers are investigated, considering a number of design concepts; namely arrays of slats, percolation structures and cylinder arrays. An experimental technique is adapted for their measurement, and the results are used to verify prediction models for each type. Diffusive efficacy is assessed through a new metric based on an existing surface diffuser coefficient and a measure of scattered power requiring half of the energy to be back-scattered. Single layer slat arrays are formed from optimal aperiodic sequences, though due to the directional scattering from individual slats at higher frequencies, performance is heavily dependent on line-of-sight through the array. This limits the operational bandwidth to approximately 1.5 octaves. Multi-layer structures offer improvements by allowing cancellation of the back-scattered lobe, though at high frequency the specular reflection from an individual slat still dominates. Percolation fractals use slats orientated in multiple directions and by scattering laterally can channel sound and diffuse at lower frequencies. Low frequency diffusion however is limited and the best structures are those which provide a broad range of geometric reflection paths. Through application of number theoretic concepts, arrangements of cylinders are shown to offer more enhanced diffusing abilities than slat and percolation structures. At low frequency scattered power is controlled by cylinder size and at high frequency diffusion is dominated by their spacing. By minimising structural similarity and including cylinders with circumference comparable to wavelength, significant diffusion is achieved over an approximate 5 octave bandwidth.
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Kanapesky, Aaron Peter. "Acoustics as an Inspiration in Architecture." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78334.
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Material is a common denominator between acoustics and architecture. The most basic building blocks of material are the elements: Earth, Water, Air (and Fire). Water is explored as an acoustic reflector, air as an escape path for sound, and earth as diffusor/absorber/reflector. This exploration of work dives into how acoustics can inspire architecture from the start. The thesis used two design projects to test the ideas: The San Francisco House of Music and The Boston Elemental Theater. Through this work I found the two interrelated fields can work together, and find a process and direction of design that raises the level of both disciplines.Master of Architecture
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Thompson, Philip R. Z. (Philip Reed Zane). "Space, time and acoustics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78997.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1988.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-159).
This thesis describes the development of new concepts in acoustical analysis from their inception to implementation as a computer design tool. Research is focused on a computer program which aids the designer to visually conceive the interactions of acoustics within a geometrical~y defined environment by synthesizing the propagation of sound in a three dimensional space over time. Information is communicated through a unique use of images that are better suited for interfacing with the design process. The first part of this thesis describes the concepts behind the development of a graphic acoustical rendering program to a working level. This involves the development of a computer ray tracing prototype that is sufficiently powerful to explore the issues facing this new design and analysis methodology. The second part uses this program to evaluate existing performance spaces in order to establish qualitative criteria in a new visual format. Representational issues relating to the visual perception of acoustic spaces are also explored. In the third part, the program is integrated into the design process. I apply this acoustical tool to an actual design situation by remodeling a large performance hall in Medford, Massachusetts. Chevalier Auditorium is a real project, commissioned by the city of Medford, whose program requirements closely match my intentions in scope, scale and nature of a design for exploring this new acoustical analysis and design methodology. Finally, I summarize this program's effectiveness and discuss its potential in more sophisticated future design environments.
by Philip R.Z. Thompson.
M.Arch.
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Ramos, Isabella. "Walking in The City: Koji Nakano’s Reimagining and Re-Sounding of The Tale Of Genji." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1037.
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Imagined Sceneries is a work written by composer Dr. Koji Nakano of Burapha University, Thailand for two sopranos, koto, light percussion, narrations, soundscapes recorded in Kyoto, Japan in December 2015, and digital projections of Ebina Masao’s 1953 print series Tale of Genji. Imagined Sceneries’ reimagining and “re-sounding” of Heian Kyoto relies on a balance between what is imagined and what is experienced in performance. Its many elements collectively explore multiple layers of Japanese histories, soundscapes, environments, and sensibilities. Using Michel de Certeau’s concepts of the city, this thesis journeys through Nakano’s imagined spaces.
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Zhang, Yu Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. "Exploring neural network architectures for acoustic modeling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113981.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 121-132).
Deep neural network (DNN)-based acoustic models (AMs) have significantly improved automatic speech recognition (ASR) on many tasks. However, ASR performance still suffers from speaker and environment variability, especially under low-resource, distant microphone, noisy, and reverberant conditions. The goal of this thesis is to explore novel neural architectures that can effectively improve ASR performance. In the first part of the thesis, we present a well-engineered, efficient open-source framework to enable the creation of arbitrary neural networks for speech recognition. We first design essential components to simplify the creation of a neural network with recurrent loops. Next, we propose several algorithms to speed up neural network training based on this framework. We demonstrate the flexibility and scalability of the toolkit across different benchmarks. In the second part of the thesis, we propose several new neural models to reduce ASR word error rates (WERs) using the toolkit we created. First, we formulate a new neural architecture loosely inspired by humans to process low-resource languages. Second, we demonstrate a way to enable very deep neural network models by adding more non-linearities and expressive power while keeping the model optimizable and generalizable. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms several ASR baselines and model variants, yielding a 10% relative WER gain. Third, we incorporate these techniques into an end-to-end recognition model. We experiment with the Wall Street Journal ASR task and achieve 10.5% WER without any dictionary or language model, an 8.5% absolute improvement over the best published result.
by Yu Zhang.
Ph. D.
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Nakad, Zahi Samir. "Architectures for e-Textiles." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11084.
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The huge advancement in the textiles industry and the accurate control on the mechanization process coupled with cost-effective manufacturing offer an innovative environment for new electronic systems, namely electronic textiles.
The abundance of fabrics in our regular life offers immense possibilities for electronic integration both in wearable and large-scale applications.
Augmenting this technology with a set of precepts and a simulation environment creates a new software/hardware architecture with widely useful implementations in wearable and large-area computational systems. The software environment acts as a functional modeling and testing platform, providing estimates of design metrics such as power consumption.
The construction of an electronic textile (e-textile) hardware prototype, a large-scale acoustic beamformer, provides a basis for the simulator and offers experience in building these systems.
The contributions of this research focus on defining the electronic textile architecture, creating a simulation environment, defining a networking scheme, and implementing hardware prototypes.Ph. D.
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Rollins, Sarah. "The Salt Lake Tabernacle : acoustic characterization and study of spatial variation /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1113.pdf.
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Gardner, William G. "The virtual acoustic room." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66351.
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Monks, Michael Christopher 1958. "Audioptimization : global-based acoustic design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68794.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-120).
Acoustic design is a difficult problem, because the human perception of sound depends on such things as decibel level, direction of propagation, and attenuation over time, none of which are tangible or visible. The advent of computer simulation and visualization techniques for acoustic design and analysis has yielded a variety of approaches for modeling acoustic performance. However, current computer-aided design and simulation tools suffer from two major drawbacks. First, obtaining the desired acoustic effects may require a long, tedious sequence of modeling and/or simulation steps. Second, current techniques for modeling the propagation of sound in an environment are prohibitively slow and do not support interactive design. This thesis presents a new approach to computer-aided acoustic design. It is based on the inverse problem of determining material and geometric settings for an environment from a description of the desired performance. The user interactively indicates a range of acceptable material and geometric modifications for an auditorium or similar space, and specifies acoustic goals in space and time by choosing target values for a set of acoustic measures. Given this set of goals and constraints, the system performs an optimization of surface material and geometric parameters using a combination of simulated annealing and steepest descent techniques. Visualization tools extract and present the simulated sound field for points sampled in space and time. The user manipulates the visualizations to create an intuitive expression of acoustic design goals. We achieve interactive rates for surface material modifications by preprocessing the geometric component of the simulation, and accelerate geometric modifications to the auditorium by trading accuracy for speed through a number of interactive controls. We describe an interactive system that allows flexible input and display of the solution and report results for several performance spaces.
by Michael Christopher Monks.
Ph.D.
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Lehecka, Kurt S. "Aural Design: Merging of Sound and Space." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491313819383138.
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He, Qing Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A super-nyquist architecture for rateless underwater acoustic communication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75455.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-136).
Oceans cover about 70 percent of Earth's surface. Despite the abundant resources they contain, much of them remain unexplored. Underwater communication plays a key role in the area of deep ocean exploration. It is also essential in the field of the oil and fishing industry, as well as for military use. Although research on communicating wirelessly in the underwater environment began decades ago, it remains a challenging problem due to the oceanic medium, in which dynamic movements of water and rich scattering are commonplace. In this thesis, we develop an architecture for reliably communicating over the underwater acoustic channel. A notable feature of this architecture is its rateless property: the receiver simply collects pieces of transmission until successful decoding is possible. With this, we aim to achieve capacity-approaching communication under a variety of a priori unknown channel conditions. This is done by using a super-Nyquist (SNQ) transmission scheme. Several other important technologies are also part of the design, among them dithered repetition coding, adaptive decision feedback equalization (DFE), and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication. We present a complete block diagram for the transmitter and receiver architecture for the SNQ scheme. We prove the sufficiency of the architecture for optimality, and we show through analysis and simulation that as the SNQ signaling rate increases, the SNQ scheme is indeed capacity-achieving. At the end, the performance of the proposed SNQ scheme and its transceiver design are tested in physical experiments, whose results show that the SNQ scheme achieves a significant gain in reliable communication rate over conventional (non-SNQ) schemes.
by Qing He.
S.M.
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HAND, SCOTT ANTHONY. "ADAPTABLE ACOUSTICS IN MULTI-USE MUSIC PERFORMANCE SPACES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1083634977.
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Pendley, James. "Visualizing sound : a musical composition of aural architecture." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003152.
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Sklivanitis, Georgios. "Software-Defined Architectures for Spectrally Efficient Cognitive Networking in Extreme Environments." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10744705.
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The objective of this dissertation is the design, development, and experimental evaluation of novel algorithms and reconfigurable radio architectures for spectrally efficient cognitive networking in terrestrial, airborne, and underwater environments. Next-generation wireless communication architectures and networking protocols that maximize spectrum utilization efficiency in congested/contested or low-spectral availability (extreme) communication environments can enable a rich body of applications with unprecedented societal impact. In recent years, underwater wireless networks have attracted significant attention for military and commercial applications including oceanographic data collection, disaster prevention, tactical surveillance, offshore exploration, and pollution monitoring. Unmanned aerial systems that are autonomously networked and fully mobile can assist humans in extreme or difficult-to-reach environments and provide cost-effective wireless connectivity for devices without infrastructure coverage.
Cognitive radio (CR) has emerged as a promising technology to maximize spectral efficiency in dynamically changing communication environments by adaptively reconfiguring radio communication parameters. At the same time, the fast developing technology of software-defined radio (SDR) platforms has enabled hardware realization of cognitive radio algorithms for opportunistic spectrum access. However, existing algorithmic designs and protocols for shared spectrum access do not effectively capture the interdependencies between radio parameters at the physical (PHY), medium-access control (MAC), and network (NET) layers of the network protocol stack. In addition, existing off-the-shelf radio platforms and SDR programmable architectures are far from fulfilling runtime adaptation and reconfiguration across PHY, MAC, and NET layers. Spectrum allocation in cognitive networks with multi-hop communication requirements depends on the location, network traffic load, and interference profile at each network node. As a result, the development and implementation of algorithms and cross-layer reconfigurable radio platforms that can jointly treat space, time, and frequency as a unified resource to be dynamically optimized according to inter- and intra-network interference constraints is of fundamental importance.
In the next chapters, we present novel algorithmic and software/hardware implementation developments toward the deployment of spectrally efficient terrestrial, airborne, and underwater wireless networks. In Chapter 1 we review the state-of-art in commercially available SDR platforms, describe their software and hardware capabilities, and classify them based on their ability to enable rapid prototyping and advance experimental research in wireless networks. Chapter 2 discusses system design and implementation details toward real-time evaluation of a software-radio platform for all-spectrum cognitive channelization in the presence of narrowband or wideband primary stations. All-spectrum channelization is achieved by designing maximum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) waveforms that span the whole continuum of the device-accessible spectrum, while satisfying peak power and interference temperature (IT) constraints for the secondary and primary users, respectively. In Chapter 3, we introduce the concept of all-spectrum channelization based on max-SINR optimized sparse-binary waveforms, we propose optimal and suboptimal waveform design algorithms, and evaluate their SINR and bit-error-rate (BER) performance in an SDR testbed. Chapter 4 considers the problem of channel estimation with minimal pilot signaling in multi-cell multi-user multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems with very large antenna arrays at the base station, and proposes a least-squares (LS)-type algorithm that iteratively extracts channel and data estimates from a short record of data measurements. Our algorithmic developments toward spectrally-efficient cognitive networking through joint optimization of channel access code-waveforms and routes in a multi-hop network are described in Chapter 5. Algorithmic designs are software optimized on heterogeneous multi-core general-purpose processor (GPP)-based SDR architectures by leveraging a novel software-radio framework that offers self-optimization and real-time adaptation capabilities at the PHY, MAC, and NET layers of the network protocol stack. Our system design approach is experimentally validated under realistic conditions in a large-scale hybrid ground-air testbed deployment. Chapter 6 reviews the state-of-art in software and hardware platforms for underwater wireless networking and proposes a software-defined acoustic modem prototype that enables (i) cognitive reconfiguration of PHY/MAC parameters, and (ii) cross-technology communication adaptation. The proposed modem design is evaluated in terms of effective communication data rate in both water tank and lake testbed setups. In Chapter 7, we present a novel receiver configuration for code-waveform-based multiple-access underwater communications. The proposed receiver is fully reconfigurable and executes (i) all-spectrum cognitive channelization, and (ii) combined synchronization, channel estimation, and demodulation. Experimental evaluation in terms of SINR and BER show that all-spectrum channelization is a powerful proposition for underwater communications. At the same time, the proposed receiver design can significantly enhance bandwidth utilization. Finally, in Chapter 8, we focus on challenging practical issues that arise in underwater acoustic sensor network setups where co-located multi-antenna sensor deployment is not feasible due to power, computation, and hardware limitations, and design, implement, and evaluate an underwater receiver structure that accounts for multiple carrier frequency and timing offsets in virtual (distributed) MIMO underwater systems.
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Gibson, Michael Bryant 1967. "Reconstituting experience : a place for experimental electro-acoustic music." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39776.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-79).
This thesis explores alternative ways in which architecture can be designed. Designing architecture is not about designing new forms, but is about designing new experiences. Current standardized methods of architectural design seem too abstract, that is, they find meaning within their own structures. The new modes of design engaged during this thesis are thought of as "exploratory". These exploratory tasks are manifested from an intention, but remain ambiguous in nature so that they always remain open to further discovery and interpretation. A notion of a building has manifested as residual evidence from these exploratory tasks, but every gesture or action is not merely intended for representation of a fully constructible architectural proposal. What is important is that every last gesture remains in the form of a question and not an answer. The work should always be thought of as temporary or as a "projection ". Architecture has become valued purely by its visual aesthetics. We have come to believe that it is sufficient to appreciate architecture as an image as opposed to actually being there. This has lead to typical design methods that subjugate the other senses, thus not requiring the body and experience to be involved with the act of making. This thesis looked at ways in which I could see beyond typology in order to suggest other possible spatial relationships, allowing myself to concentrate my imagination on the sensual qualities of built space and exploring material possibilities.
by Michael Bryant Gibson.
M.Arch.
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Utami, Sentagi Sesotya. "An Acoustical Analysis of Domes Coupled to Rooms, with Special Application to the Darussholah Mosque, in East Java, Indonesia." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd995.pdf.
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Khodai, Tansi Jamshed. "Functional laminar architecture of rat primary auditory cortex following acoustic trauma." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24983.
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Exposure to loud sound can cause a series of hearing problems, the most common being tinnitus or hearing loss (temporary or permanent). Furthermore, tinnitus caused due to acoustic trauma may be observed with or without hearing loss, making it harder for tinnitus researchers to understand the pathology of this condition. Despite extensive studies in both animal and human subjects, it is still not fully understood how acoustic trauma can change neuronal activity in the auditory cortex. Several animal studies suggest changes in auditory tuning properties and increase in spontaneous activity after exposure to acoustic trauma. However, there are several discrepancies in observed changes. One possible explanation for this could be that these findings represent an average response across cortical depths which could mask the layer specific alteration in neural activity following acoustic trauma because previous studies have shown laminar specific evoked and spontaneous activity. In this study we tested the hypothesis that acoustic trauma alters neural activity in a layer-specific manner. Rats were anesthetised with urethane anaesthesia and recordings were obtained using multichannel linear silicon probes inserted vertically into the primary auditory cortex. The animals were exposed (bilaterally) to one octave white noise centred at 16 kHz, at 110 dB SPL for 1 hour. Spontaneous and auditory-evoked activity was measured before trauma and then one and two hour time-points after the acoustic trauma. We quantified laminar specific and average changes in different tuning curve parameters such as threshold, characteristic frequency, bandwidth, sparseness, spontaneous firing rate and burst like activity after trauma exposure in three different frequency regions of primary auditory cortex. We observed laminar-specific changes in auditory tuning properties such as increase in threshold and spontaneous activity mainly in layer V of the primary auditory cortex following acoustic trauma. Furthermore, we also observed increase in burst-like spiking in the superficial layers. These findings support the hypothesis that acute effects of acoustic trauma on auditory cortical population activity is laminar-specific. These findings provide essential information regarding the changes in circuit mechanisms that develop following acoustic trauma which are critical for enhancing our knowledge about the pathology of these conditions and also to identify new potential targets to treat them.
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Ogasawara, Ana Paula. "Avaliação acustica de oito salas destinadas a apresentações teatrais da cidade de Campinas, SP, atraves da tecnica impulsiva." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258528.
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Orientador: Stelamaris Rolla BertoliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T17:45:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ogasawara_AnaPaula_M.pdf: 4867597 bytes, checksum: 2e41fa9a8758569e674353f9afc74e71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: A acústica arquitetônica é uma das áreas do conforto ambiental e, como tal, de grande importância para a qualidade do espaço, no que diz respeito ao grau de satisfação do usuário. Dentre as diferentes tipologias de edificações, os teatros primam por qualidade acústica, pois destinam-se essencialmente à transmissão de mensagens sonoras faladas, cantadas ou musicadas. Paradoxalmente, a literatura temática disponível no Brasil é praticamente inexistente, sendo enorme a dificuldade dos que se dedicam ao estudo da acústica arquitetônica, em obter informações sobre o objeto de estudo de sua disciplina. O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar o conforto acústico de oito salas destinadas a apresentações teatrais da cidade de Campinas através de elementos do projeto arquitetônico e de parâmetros acústicos que influenciam com a qualidade desses espaços para situações de palavra falada. Com esta finalidade, utilizou-se a técnica impulsiva para a análise acústica destas salas. A avaliação acústica vem das análises dos dados de nível de pressão sonora (NPS) em dB(A), dos espectros sonoros, tempo de reverberação (TR), clareza (C50), definição (D80), tempo central (Ts), tempo de decaimento inicial (EDT ¿ ¿Early Decay Time¿) e índice de transmissão da fala (STI ¿ ¿Speech Transmission Index¿). Os dados dos espectros possibilitam as predições do nível de interferência na fala (SIL) e também a classificação dos ambientes segundo as curvas de NC (Noise Criterion Curves). Os resultados foram avaliados através dos dados tabulados das avaliações, obtidos através da técnica impulsiva e dos elementos arquitetônicos de cada sala. Como resultado, constatou-se que todas as salas avaliadas garantem uma transmissão sonora eficiente principalmente nas médias e altas freqüências, sendo a principal fonte de ruído, as fontes interiores às edificações. A forma de apresentação dos resultados de cada teatro representa um método base para o procedimento de analise acústica. O cruzamento das informações da análise acústica com as características construtivas colabora para mostrar a importância do projeto arquitetônico estar interligado ao projeto acústico
Abstract: The architectural acoustics is an issue related to environmental comfort and, as such, of great importance for the quality of the space, concerning the satisfaction level of its user. Among the wide range of edification typologies, the theaters excel for their acoustic quality, since they are destined essentially for the transmission of spoken sound messages or songs. Paradoxically, the available thematic literature in Brazil is practically inexistent, which has become an enormous hindrance to those who have dedicated themselves to the study of the architectural acoustics, in obtaining information on its discipline. The main purpose of this project is to evaluate the acoustic comfort of eight rooms directed to theatrical presentations in Campinas city through elements of architectural project and of acoustic parameters which influence the quality of those spaces for speech situations. For this purpose, the impulsive technique was used for the acoustic analysis of these rooms. The acoustic evaluation comes from the analyses of the data of sound pressure level (SPL) in dB(A), sound spectrum, reverberation time (RT), clarity (C50), definition (D80), central time (Ts), early decay time (EDT) and speech transmission index (STI). The spectrum results make possible the predictions on speech interference level (SIL) and also the classification of the rooms according to noise criterion curves (NC). The results were appraised through the tabulated data of the evaluations, obtained through the impulsive technique and of the architectural elements of each room. As result, was concluded that all appraised rooms could guarantee an efficient sound transmission mainly in the medium and high frequencies, being the main noise source, the interior sources to the edifications. The form of presentation which results of each theater represents a method base for the acoustic analysis procedure. The crossing between the acoustic analysis information and the constructive features collaborates to demonstrate the importance of linkage between both architectural and acoustic projects
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Hedfors, Per. "Site soundscapes : landscape architecture in the light of sound /." Uppsala : Dept. of Landscape Planning Ultuna, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a407.pdf.
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Pontén, Emeli. "Acoustic Design in Urban Development : analysis of urban soundscapes and acoustic ecology research in New York City." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Ljud- och musikproduktion, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4836.
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The world is urbanizing rapidly with more than half of the global population now living in cities. Improving urban environments for the well-being of the increasing number of urban citizens is becoming one of the most important challenges of the 21st century. Even though it is common that city planners have visions of a ’good urban milieu’, those visions are concerning visual aesthetics or practical matters. The qualitative perspective of sound, such as sonic diversity and acoustic ecology are neglected aspects in architectural design. Urban planners and politicians are therefore largely unaware of the importance of sounds for the intrinsic quality of a place. Whenever environmental acoustics is on the agenda, the topic is noise abatement or noise legislation – a quantitative attenuation of sounds. Some architects may involve acoustical aspects in their work but sound design or acoustic design has yet to develop to a distinct discipline and be incorporated in urban planning.My aim was to investigate to what extent the urban soundscape is likely to improve if modern architectural techniques merge with principles of acoustics. This is an important, yet unexplored, research area. My study explores and analyses the acoustical aspects in urban development and includes interviews with practitioners in the field of urban acoustics, situated in New York City. My conclusion is that to achieve a better understanding of the human living conditions in mega-cities, there is a need to include sonic components into the holistic sense of urban development.
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McFadzean, Angus G. "An investigation of a real-time distributed problem-solving architecture applied to sonar interpretation." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1483.
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Vicard, Dominique. "Algorithmes et architectures pour le décodage acoustico-phonétique de la parole continue." Grenoble : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37593849b.
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VICARD, DOMINIQUE. "Algorithmes et architectures pour le decodage acoustico-phonetique de la parole continue." Paris, ENST, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENST0013.
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Presentation de certaines methodes procedurables, ainsi que leur realisation integree, dont le but est de delivrer un treillis d'hypotheses quasi phonetiques le plus precis possible. La nature du signal de parole conduit a envisager un traitement different pour les zones transitoires et les zones stables
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Saad, Omar 1974. "Soundfield simulation : the prediction and validation of acoustical behavior with compute models." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27034.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-58).
In the past, acoustical consultants could only try to convince the client/architect that with calculations and geometrical plots they could create an acoustically superb space. Now, by modeling the significant acoustical parameters of a design, we can preview a proposed acoustical solution and it is possible to identify the objective parameters that correspond to certain subjective reactions experienced by listeners. The results of a simulation can be presented not only for the eyes but also for the ears. This document explains the basics behind acoustic computer simulation. It includes case studies that analyze and validate numerical parameters and create a sound simulation of a space that allows the listener to subjectively "grade" the acoustical qualities. It includes details on how human hearing uses several techniques to localize sound sources, how we can simulate factors that influence human auditory perception with computer software, and how we can reproduce the listening experience for a space that has not been built. The simulation techniques offer the possibility to use the ears and listen to the acoustics of a room during the design process. Several acoustic problems can be detected by the ears, whereas they may be difficult to express with a parameter that can only be calculated. Using these tools the acoustician can communicate the acoustic consequences of a design to the client/architect effectively. This technique can be used very early in the project to achieve exceptional results.
by Omar Saad.
S.M.
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Lee, Iljae. "Acoustic characteristics of perforated dissipative and hybrid silencers." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117631229.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 195 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-195). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Aimi, Roberto Mario 1973. "Hybrid percussion : extending physical instruments using sampled acoustics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38640.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-138).
This thesis presents a system architecture for creating hybrid digital-acoustic percussion instruments by combining extensions of existing signal processing techniques with specially-designed semi-acoustic physical controllers. This work aims to provide greater realism to digital percussion, gaining much of the richness and understandability of acoustic instruments while preserving the flexibility of digital systems. For this thesis, I have collaborated with percussionists to develop a range of instruments, to refine and extend the algorithmic and physical designs, and to determine successful models of interaction. Conventional percussion controllers measure and discretize the intensity of strikes into discrete trigger messages, but they also ignore the timbre of the hits and fail to track more ambiguous input. In this work, the continuous acoustic output of a struck physical object is processed to add the resonance of a sampled instrument. This is achieved by employing existing low-latency convolution algorithms which have been extended to give the player control over features such as damping, spectral flattening, nonlinear effects, and pitch.
(cont.) One of the advantages of this approach is that light taps, scrapes, rubs, or stirring with brushes all take on a hybrid timbre of the real and sampled sound that is surprisingly realistic and controllable. Since part of its behavior is inherently acoustic, a player's intuition about interacting with physical objects can be applied to controlling it. The ability to transform the apparent acoustic properties of objects also suggests applications to HCI and product design contexts.
by Roberto Mario Aimi.
Ph.D.
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Deléglise, Paul. "Une architecture logicielle pour le decodage acoustico-phonetique, applications a la detection d'evenements phonetiques." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066460.
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Les travaux presentes dans cette these sont centres sur le decodage acoustico-phonetique dans les systemes automatiques de reconnaissance de la parole. Ce decodage est une etape importante et delicate car il correspond au passage d'une representation numerique continue a une representation symbolique discrete et elle necessite l'utilisation de differents types de savoir-faire. Nous proposons une architecture logicielle permettant pour chaque situation du decodage acoustico-phonetique de realiser et d'appliquer un operateur integrant les savoir-faire utilisables dans cette situation. Cette architecture est construite autour d'un mecanisme efficace d'echanges entre les processus symboliques et les processus numeriques. La generalite de ce mecanisme utilisant des objets permet de realiser les operateurs sur trois niveaux: procedural, applicatif et declaratif. Les traitements numeriques et graphiques sont pris en charge par le niveau procedural, le traitement symbolique et le controle sont repartis suivant leur degre de complexite entre les niveaux declaratif et applicatif. Il est alors possible d'enchainer les diverses procedures d'un operateur avec un controle efficace et de disposer de differentes descriptions du signal de parole. Cette architecture a ete validee par trois applications. Les deux premieres utilisent la capacite de filtrage des situations possibles. Ainsi tant pour la classification voise/non voise que pour l'identification des fricatives sourdes. L'architecture nous a permis de selectionner pour chaque situation phonetique rencontree le traitement et la description adaptee. La troisieme validation repose sur la facilite de l'architecture a enchainer les traitements pour le developpement et l'analyse d'une nouvelle technique: la decomposition temporelle. Celle-ci fournit une representation de l'evolution spectrale. Les resultats obtenus en decodage acoustico-phonetique sur un corpus de noms epeles en continue sont meilleurs que ceux obtenus avec une modelisation de markov
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Touloumi, Olga. "Architectures of Global Communication: Psychoacoustics, Acoustic Space, and the Total Environment, 1941-1970." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11690.
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This dissertation examines architectural engagements with communication technologies, within the framework of mid-twentieth-century efforts to institute a global community and engineer media democracies. I interrogate the sound modernities that architects constructed in collaboration with engineers, officials, and acousticians, and I demonstrate the architectural strategies that informed them: the theater, the concert hall, the cinema. These interiors, I argue, reconfigured the international community as a networked audience, and the institutions of world organization as the main stages of international diplomacy.
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Viklund, Joel. "Performance Evaluation of Digital Signa lProcessing Architectures Running an Acoustic Echo Cancellation Software." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-128573.
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TrueVoice is a speech enhancement software by Limes Audio AB. It improves the quality of the speech signal by using methods such as acoustic echo cancellation and noise reduction. The real time signal processing of TrueVoice puts some specic requirements on the hardware, which makes some processors more suitable than others to run the code. This thesis looks for good digital signal processor candidates to port the TrueVoice code to. This is done by evaluating memory and number representation aspects in theory and processing power in practice. The conclusion is that Cirrus WM8281 is a good candidate to port TrueVoice to
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Elliot, William J. S. B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The applicability and accuracy of computer modeling in regards to acoustical scattering by a complex geometry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85826.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2005.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 27).
The intent of the investigation is to try to characterize the nature of scattered acoustical energy off of the face of a concrete masonry unit with an atypical geometry. The nature of the tests conducted would be in accordance with the AES-4id-2001 document which pertains to the Characterization and measurement of surface scattering uniformity. The uniformity of scattering can be analyzed and can give one an indication of the diffusive properties of the test samples. The product for which the testing is proposed, as previously mentioned, is a modification of a concrete masonry unit. The product is not uniform in section, a fact which means a two dimensional analysis of scattering will not suffice. Instead, the distribution of reflected sound waves over a hemispherical shell will be examined.
by William J. Elliot.
S.B.
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Banks, Robin. "Native reverberation : artistic acoustics for the outdoor stage on the Castle Creek campus." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1491.
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Dujourdy, Hugo. "Diffusion acoustique dans les lieux de travail." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066115/document.
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Il y a plus d'un siècle, les conditions de travail ont fortement évolué sous l'influence de l'industrialisation et notamment à partir de nouvelles méthodes de travail du type Tayloriennes. Des bureaux ouverts à l'Action Office des années 50, c'est plus de 60% de la population active qui est concernée aujourd'hui en Europe. L'évolution des réglementations, liée à la prise de conscience collective des effets psychosomatiques des nuisances sonores, entraîne l'implication par les maîtrises d'ouvrages de bureaux d'études acoustiques pour la préconisation et la mise en œuvre dans la construction et la réhabilitation des espaces tertiaires. La rencontre d'acteurs scientifiques et industriels a donné lieu à ce travail de thèse, étudiant la propagation de l'énergie acoustique pour des espaces dont une des dimensions est différente des autres.La méthode se réduit à la conservation du tenseur énergie-impulsion puis à un système d'équations couplées sur l'intensité acoustique et sur la densité d'énergie. C'est un système hyperbolique d'équations linéaires aux dérivés partielles du premier ordre. Une méthode d'intégration sur une à deux dimensions de l'espace permet d'introduire les coefficients d'absorption et de diffusion moyens. Nous introduisons le potentiel d'intensité et nous écrivons le système sous la forme d'une équation hyperbolique linéaire aux dérivées partielles du second ordre impliquant la densité d'énergie, l'intensité acoustique ou le potentiel d'intensité sur une ou deux dimensions. Nous proposons une méthode analytique approchée permettant de vérifier les résultats à une dimension.Pour la conception acoustique des plateaux de bureaux, la modélisation informatique est un outil remarquable souffrant pourtant de limitations restreignant ses applications. Nous résolvons le formalisme introduit dans ce travail par la méthode des différences finies dans le domaine temporel sur une et deux dimensions. Les schémas utilisés sont stables et explicites et peu couteux en mémoires informatiques. Le fait que nous nous intéressions à une variable énergétique permet de considérer un pas de modélisation spatial important - de l'ordre du mètre - et d'accélérer d'autant les calculs.Le partenariat industriel nous a notamment permis d'accéder à des espaces de type plateaux de bureaux. Nous comparons les résultats des modélisations avec des mesures in situ conduites avec un microphone SoundField ST250 permettant l'estimation de la densité d'énergie et de l'intensité acoustiqueMore than a century ago, working conditions have evolved under the influence of industrialization and especially of new management methods such as the Taylorism. From Open-Spaces to Action Offices in the 1950s, more than 60 % of the European working population is concerned today. The evolution of regulations, linked to the collective awareness of the psychosomatic effects of noise, has led clients to request the involvement of acoustical consultants for giving recommendations and supervising their implementation in constructions and rehabilitations of office spaces. This is why scientific and industrial stakeholders joined forces for this thesis dedicated to the propagation of sound energy within rooms characterized by one dimension different from the others.The method developed in this thesis reduces the conservation of the energy-stress tensor to a system of coupled equations for the sound intensity and the sound energy density. It is a hyperbolic system of linear, partial differential equations of first order. Integrating this system on one or two space dimensions leads to the introduction of the mean absorption and diffusion coefficients. We then introduce an intensity potential and write the system in the form of a linear hyperbolic equation involving partial derivatives of second order for the energy density, the sound intensity, or the intensity potential in one or two dimensions. We also propose an analytical approximated method to verify the results in one dimension.For the acoustic design of open-space offices, computer modelling is an outstanding tool. Yet limitations restrict its applications. We solve the equations introduced in this work by the finite-difference time-domain method in the one- and two-dimensional cases. We use stable and explicit schemes that require little computer memory. Considering energy variables allows the use of large spatial steps - of the order of the metre - and accelerates the calculations.The industrial partnership notably gave us access to open-space offices. We compare the results of the modelling with in situ measurements carried out with a SoundField ST250 microphone that makes it possible to estimate the sound energy density and the sound intensity
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Araujo, Bianca Carla Dantas de. "Proposta de elemento vazado acústico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-01062010-102405/.
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O conforto ambiental requer a busca de alternativas de projeto que promovam menos impacto energético na arquitetura. Em locais de climas quentes e úmidos, a ventilação natural é uma das estratégias de projeto; inseridos nesta visão, os elementos vazados (cobogós ou combogós, com são popularmente conhecidos no nordeste brasileiro) agem como componentes arquitetônicos que proporcionam permanente ventilação natural, proteção solar e iluminação natural, além de facilidade de fabricação. Apesar do uso secular dos elementos vazados, eles perderam espaço na produção arquitetônica contemporânea, e são raras pesquisas com vistas a aprimorar seu potencial como alternativa passiva de projeto. Entretanto, existe consciência dos problemas acústicos correlatos que advém da sua utilização na ventilação natural, tais como o comprometimento na isolação dos ruídos externos e na privacidade entre ambientes. O presente trabalho, por esses motivos, tem por proposta desenvolver um elemento vazado acústico, objetivando utilizá-lo na minoração do problema da dicotomia entre os aspectos térmicos e acústicos envolvidos. O desempenho do isolamento sonoro in situ dos elementos criados foi avaliado com base na Norma ISO 140-5, tendo sido também estudado o desempenho da ventilação natural através de simulações computacionais, utilizando métodos da dinâmica dos fluidos computacional - CFD. Foram desenvolvidos 4 tipos de blocos, todos eles avaliados em diferentes montagens numa parede do tipo fachada, segundo 3 condições: fechados e abertos (com e sem material absorvente). Os resultados revelaram o quão susceptível é a transmissão do ruído em aberturas de ventilação, entretanto, resultados satisfatórios de isolamento sonoro foram obtidos, principalmente em uma das montagens (bloco tipo 3, caixa), a qual apresentou desempenho similar ao bloco fechado com um Índice de Redução de Ruído Padrão Global (Dntw) de 27 dB. Esta montagem apresenta relação de área aberta satisfatória para promover a ventilação natural dentro de um ambiente (confirmada pelo melhor desempenho comparativo de ventilação dos blocos simulados), além de apresentar isolamento sonoro superior ao de outros (poucos) elementos existentes no mercado, com o objetivo de promover a ventilação natural e reduzir a transmissão de ruído para se obter bom desempenho.The environmental comfort requires the search for design alternatives that promote less energy impact on architecture. In places with hot and humid climates, natural ventilation is one of design strategies; into this vision, the hollow elements (cobogós or combogós, as popularly known in northeastern Brazil) act as architectural components that provide permanent natural ventilation, sun protection and natural lighting, and ease of manufacture. Despite the secular use of hollow elements, they lost space in contemporary architectural production, and there are few surveys with a view to enhancing its potential as an alternative passive design. However, there is awareness of the problems related noise that comes from its use in natural ventilation, such as commitment in the isolation of external noise and privacy between environments. In this work, for these reasons, the proposal is to develop an element hollow sound, aiming to use it in alleviating the problem of the dichotomy between the thermal and acoustic aspects involved. The performance of sound insulation in situ of the elements created was assessed based on the ISO 140-5, was also studied the performance of natural ventilation through computer simulations, using methods of computational fluid dynamics - CFD. Were developed 4 types of blocks, all studied at different mounts on a wall like facade, according to 3 conditions: closed and open (with and without sound absorption material). The results revealed how likely is the transmission of noise from the vent, however, satisfactory sound insulation were obtained, especially in one of the mounts (block type 3, box), which presented a performance similar to a closed block with index Noise Reduction Global Standard (Dntw) of 27 dB. This assembly has an open area ratio of satisfactory to promote natural ventilation in an environment (confirmed by the comparative performance of simulated ventilation of the blocks), while maintaining sound insulation than the other (few) elements in the market, with the objective to promote natural ventilation and reduce noise transmission to achieve good performance
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Karius, Brooke Emlen. "SoundSkinSpace." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31233.
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What would it mean to make space inspired by the sounds of a particular place. The sounds are natural and man-made heard on the site; the place is Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityâ s campus. I designed a series of outdoor spaces that reflect sound, and provide a structure where people can add to the sounds of campus.
This project creates space that facilitates acoustic activities of a university. The walls reflect and focus sound due to their material and geometry. Sound is treated as a building material; used to help form the spaces that are visibly bounded by concrete and plywood.
Concrete walls and plywood floor will alter the acoustic activity on the site; the acoustic fabric will be constantly changing, providing unique moments for people to discover as they pass through the site.Master of Architecture
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Rodrigues, Carlos Eduardo. "Caracterização acustica de ginasios de esportes multifuncionais da cidade de Campinas, SP." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258309.
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Orientador: Stelamaris Rolla BertoliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Estímulos sonoros semelhantes podem gerar diferentes percepções sonoras num ambiente. Os estímulos sonoros são avaliados de forma objetiva (medidas acústicas), mas a percepção do som que é bastante subjetiva requer outro tipo de avaliação. Espaços como ginásios de esportes podem proporcionar ao usuário diferentes sensações sonoras dependendo de sua atividade. Urbanisticamente, os ginásios de esportes são edificações muito importantes, destacando-se na maioria das vezes por sua volumetria e por sua estética arquitetônica, sendo uma obra de referência (símbolo urbano). Desde sua origem histórica, estas edificações têm a função de servir principalmente as atividades e eventos esportivos, mas no final do século XX, a concepção funcional dos ginásios foi ampliada. Os ginásios de esportes são utilizados também para assembléias escolares, palestras, exposições, formaturas, shows, eventos, feiras e apresentações musicais e teatrais, sendo considerados como espaços multifuncionais. Esses espaços são ambientes onde a propagação sonora gera inúmeros problemas de ruído. O objetivo desta pesquisa é caracterizar acusticamente alguns ginásios de esportes, quanto à tipologia, volumetria, capacidade de absorção e isolamento, de forma a contribuir com parâmetros a serem utilizados futuramente em projetos de edificação com qualidade acústica. Foram avaliados três ginásios esportivos multifuncionais com tipologias diferentes situados na cidade de Campinas. A caracterização acústica baseou-se nas medidas dos parâmetros tempo de reverberação (TR), tempo de decaimento inicial (EDT), clareza (C80), definição (D50), nível de critério (NC), índice de transmissão da fala (STI) e porcentagem de consoantes (%ALCons). Esses parâmetros acústicos são obtidos por meio da técnica de resposta impulsiva e calculados pelo programa computacional de avaliação acústica de salas, DIRAC da Bruel & Kjaer. Pelas dimensões do espaço, o próprio procedimento de medição é um fator determinante na avaliação. Os resultados da análise da avaliação acústica e a comparação com as informações do projeto arquitetônico permitiram estabelecer fatores favoráveis e desfavoráveis do projeto arquitetônico que influenciaram o desempenho acústico. Identificou-se também a viabilidade de adequação acústica dos espaços estudados.
Abstract: Similar sonorous stimulus may promote different sound perceptions in the environment. Sonorous stimulus may be objectively evaluated by acoustic measurements however, sound perceptions evaluation (subjectively) requires another specific methods. Spaces like sport gymnasiums can promote different sensations for the users depending on their activities. This type of building is very important in the cities, basically to this size and esthetic. Since the ends of 20th century, the function of these buildings has been extended. Nowadays, gymnasiums are used for different types of meetings, like speeches, expositions, fairs and others. Therefore, sport gymnasiums are multifunctional spaces with different levels of requirements concerning acoustic performance. On the other hand, the sound propagation in these buildings can generate many problems of noise, decreasing the acoustic performance. In this context, this work aims to evaluate some sport gymnasiums concerning to the typology, absorption capacity and isolation. These parameters can be used for better acoustic building design. Basically, the acoustic evaluation contemplates the following parameters: reverberation time (TR), early decay time (EDT), clarity (C80), definition (D50) and speech transmission index (STI). These acoustic parameters were obtained through the impulsive technique and calculated by a room acoustics evaluation software DIRAC from Bruel & Kjaer. The acoustic evaluation results and the architecture design information were used to establish good and bad conditions in terms of the acoustic performance. Finally, the viability of adequacy of the buildings evaluated concerning the acoustic performance was made.
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Hazard, Laurent. "Design of viscoelastic damping for noise & vibration control: modelling, experiments and optimisation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210772.
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The scope of this research concerns the passive damping of structural vibrations by the use of viscoelastic layers. It is motivated by the need for efficient numerical tools to deal with the medium frequency behaviour of industrial viscoelastic sandwich products. The sandwich modelling technique is based on the use of an interface element: the two deformable plates are modelled by special plate elements while the intermediate dissipative layer is modelled with interface elements. This interface element is based on the first-order shear deformation theory and assume constant peel and shear stresses in the polymer thickness. This element couples the lower and upper layers without additional degrees of freedom. The partition of unity finite element method (PUFEM) is applied to the development of enriched Mindlin plate elements. The element shape functions are obtained as the product ofpartition of unity functions with arbitrary chosen enrichment functions. Polynomial enrichment leads to the generation of high-order polynomial shape functions and is therefore similar to a p-FEM technique. Numerical examples illustrate the use of both PUFEM Mindlin plate elements and interface elements for the simulation of viscoelastic sandwich structures.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Saunders, William R. "On the use of modern control theory for active structural acoustic control." Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134205/.
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Ehnert, Jesse James. "Acoustic assessment of the Robert Ferst Center for the Arts theater." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17625.
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Elwekil, Engy Moustafa. "Optimizing Classroom Acoustic Performance to Promote Children's Education and Wellbeing." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604868.
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America was the leader in quantity and quality of high school diplomas. Today, it is ranked thirty six in the world. Some of the main factors that affect education in America are witnessing us on a daily basis. These factors affect our visual, thermal and auditory comfort levels. As environmentalists we strive to find solutions to these problems. Unfortunately, some designers aim their designs to merely aesthetics. Leaving out the environmental factor of thermal comfort to be dictated by mechanically engineers and not paying attention to how occupants interact with sound within the built environment. Today I will discuss how to design for the ears, and how sound has a major role in education promoting Children's health and wellbeing. Education reach its way to our minds through listening in adequate environment. Optimum design appreciates and is tailored to experiencing all five senses. Goal of this research: Design proper noise levels for classrooms to provide students with an optimal learning environment is imperative. Reverberation times need to be carefully sized and calculated, particularly in the primary grades when the young student's ears are not fully developed. Conduct background noise and reverberation time measurements in classrooms to assess the problem and recommend solutions. Acoustic performance design is vital. Good Sound = Happy Sound.
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Jarquio, Samantha M. "An acoustic education : evaluating soundwalks and listening exercises in promoting aural awareness and sensitivity in landscape architecture education." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15641.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture and Regional & Community Planning
Alpa Nawre
Anne Beamish
Sound has always been an integral part of the outdoor environment. However, since the onset of the Industrial Revolution, and given the continual emergence of new technological sounds, society’s aural awareness and sensitivity has continued to decrease (Schafer, 1977). While the visual often dominates the perception of the outdoor environment – especially within the design field – all five senses are vital to a holistic experience. A greater emphasis on sound in landscape architecture is critical as landscape architects move toward a more holistic approach to designing the outdoor environment. The primary learning objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of soundwalks and listening exercises for landscape architecture students, as a way to increase their aural awareness and sensitivity. The first part of this study established the current status and need for an acoustic education in landscape architecture by examining university course offerings and surveying professionals and faculty members in the field. The remainder of the study involved a listening experiment conducted with landscape architecture students from Kansas State University. Participants were assessed on their ability to listen to and analyze sounds before and after participating in soundwalks, listening exercises, and lessons in interdisciplinary sound terminology. This study provides a clearer understanding of the role of sound in landscape architecture and, more broadly, the environment. The surveys revealed that respondents more often consider sound as noise to be mitigated rather than as inspiration for design. Respondents also indicated that sound is an important consideration in design and that an acoustic component can be valuable in landscape architecture education. Those who participated in the listening experiment also indicated that an acoustic education, including soundwalks and listening exercises, can be effective in increasing aural awareness and sensitivity. While this study did not explore all approaches to an acoustic education, it provides a suitable point of departure for future related research.