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1
Tormakhova, A. M. "MODERN ARCHITECTURE AND VISUAL IMAGE OF THE CITY." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 2 (5) (2019): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2019.2(5).19.
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The aim of the article is to highlight the actual trends associated with architectural construction and identify ways of forming a visual image of a modern city. The solution to this goal involves not only the analysis of certain unique architectural structures, but also the outline of the existing visual practices in the city which correlate with the urban landscape. The research methodology is connected with the use of the method of synthe- sis, the use of tools of cultural analysis. The most extraordinary buildings are rarely residential buildings, much more often they are intended for public use. Their very essence is con- nected with publicity and attraction of a considerable quantity of visitors, tourists. These can be museums, libraries, concert halls, stadiums, shop- ping malls. In addition to these structures, extremely impressive structures are created in the field of transport – bridges, railway stations. The re- equipment of old objects and the creation of new ones becomes such that necessarily creates an occasion for communication, becoming a part of the media. In architecture there is a desire to circumvent the principle of statics that was inherent to it. Manifestations of this tendency in architecture were attempts to "revitalize" the building, giving them mobility through structures that visually convey the idea of fluidity (asymmetric structures, often deprived of straight angles with the prevalence of rounded parts). Creating the effect of architectural variability arises not only at the expense of innovative constructions, but also due to the equipment of the buildings by media facades, which perform as a purely aesthetic and advertising function, providing the opportunity to represent buildings in fundamentally different visual images. Scientific novelty consists in highlighting the specifics of architectural constructions claiming the status of "art" and visual practices that in- teract with them directly. The conclusion is made about the transformation of a modern city. The practical significance of the study is that features of the development of modern architectural constructions are presented and the factors influencing the formation of the visual image of the city are highlighted.
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Pan, X., Y. G. Hu, M. L. Hou, and X. Zheng. "RESEARCH ON INFORMATION ACQUISITION AND ACCURACY ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE PLAQUE WITH COMMON SMART PHONE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W20 (November 15, 2019): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w20-65-2019.
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Abstract. The ancient architectural plaque is a unique cultural heritage of the Chinese traditional culture. It is called the "soul of ancient architecture" and has important historical and artistic value. Due to its small size and large quantity, the preservation status is not optimistic, and it is urgent to carry out rescue protection. It is especially necessary to complete its digital information collection first. The basic images used in photogrammetry are usually taken by professional cameras. With the continuous development of technology, the shooting ability of mobile phones is constantly increasing. The method of 3D reconstruction of plaque of ancient buildings by common mobile phone cameras is studied through experiments. Several common mobile phones were selected to collect images of ancient building plaques from different acquisition distances and 3D reconstruction experiments were carried out. The results of accuracy evaluation showed that the information of ancient architectural collected by common mobile phone cameras within the suitable acquisition range can meet the accuracy of 3D reconstruction. Requirements. In addition, the image control point measurement is replaced by a standard card. The experimental results show that the size of the model can be controlled by using the card constraint. The method can utilize the commonly used camera mobile phone to efficiently obtain the image of the ancient buildings distributed in various places and carry out three-dimensional reconstruction, thereby satisfying the urgent requirement of the urgent need for protection of the ancient buildings.
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Radushinsky, Dmitry, Andrey Gubankov, and Asiiat Mottaeva. "Trend analysis of modern high-rise construction." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 01042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183301042.
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The article reviews the main trends of modern high-rise construction considered a number of architectural, engineering and technological, economic and image factors that have influenced the intensification of construction of high-rise buildings in the 21st century. The key factors of modern high-rise construction are identified, which are associated with an attractive image component for businessmen and politicians, with the ability to translate current views on architecture and innovations in construction technologies and the lobbying of relevant structures, as well as the opportunity to serve as an effective driver in the development of a complex of national economy sectors with the achievement of a multiplicative effect. The estimation of the priority nature of participation of foreign architectural bureaus in the design of super-high buildings in Russia at the present stage is given. The issue of economic expediency of construction of high-rise buildings, including those with only a residential function, has been investigated. The connection between the construction of skyscrapers as an important component of the image of cities in the marketing of places and territories, the connection of the availability of a high-rise center, the City, with the possibilities of attracting a "creative class" and the features of creating a large working space for specialists on the basis of territorial proximity and density of high-rise buildings.
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Pranajaya, I. Kadek, I. Ketut Suda, and I. Wayan Subrata. "Marginalization of Bali traditional architecture principles." International journal of linguistics, literature and culture 6, no. 5 (August 17, 2020): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v6n5.975.
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The traditional Balinese architecture principles have been marginalized and are not following Bali Province Regulation No. 5 of 2005 concerning Building Architecture Requirements. In this study using qualitative analysis with a critical approach or critical/emancipatory knowledge with critical discourse analysis. By using the theory of structure, the theory of power relations of knowledge and the theory of deconstruction, the marginalization of traditional Balinese architecture principles in hotel buildings in Kuta Badung Regency is caused by factors of modernization, rational choice, technology, actor morality, identity, and weak enforcement of the rule of law. The process of marginalization of traditional Balinese architecture principles in hotel buildings in Kuta Badung regency through capital, knowledge-power relations, agency structural action, and political power. The implications of the marginalization of traditional Balinese architecture principles in hotel buildings in Kuta Badung Regency have implications for the development of tourism, professional ethics, city image, economy, and culture of the community as well as for the preservation of traditional Balinese architecture.
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Pleshivtsev, Alexander, and Tatiana Pakunova. "Analysis of the effects of the development of traditional tectonic systems of low-rise buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 03024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913503024.
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The Genesis of architectural science (in the framework of the development of the theory of architecture) is accompanied (clarified, supplemented, changed) by the conceptual and semantic meaning of tectonics — one of the main categories of composition (architectural composition). In the theory of architecture (as a special field of architectural science), the concept of “tectonics” is associated with various aspects of the architectural image: the expression of artistic and aesthetic concept; display of the interaction of the structural basis and form; the implementation of exclusively utilitarian features of the object, without taking into account the established laws and the place of tectonics in the composition, the Systemicity of the architectural environment is formed by the system of the human activity itself, focused on the analysis of the surrounding world (space). Architectural practice involves the formation of artificial systems, which are usually understood as organized material structures and related functional processes of life and production activity, which allow to implement certain efforts to achieve this goal. The architectural systems intended for a certain type of utilitarian and functional activity acquire the status of architectural (production, town-planning) object and are systematized according to certain typological signs and classification rules.
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Chen, Xiao Jie. "Sports Architecture Structure Stress Characteristics Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 1553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.1553.
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In the sports architectural form creation, structure technology plays an important role, it is the ideal form of guarantee, elements and form, structure and technology as a method of design, is the factor most architects consider first in sports in architectural creation. Technology of building structure technology as the field of material production, the aesthetic features of its shape becomes the main expression of sports architecture aesthetics, aesthetic psychological effects caused by the people. Especially in large span structure system because of its giant scale and exaggerated shapes, people will lose their normal in the presence of mental judgment scale, often by its magnificent momentum of admiration, moved by the building architectural image and space atmosphere. In the sports building design, construction technical support on architectural forms and form depends on the structure technology is beyond doubt, shaping the spatial image mainly depends on the correct expression of shape.
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Duzhik, Daria, and Anna Kozhnova. "Modern high-rise architecture in terms of historical development of Ryazan." Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education], no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.7.
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Introduction. Preservation of historical and cultural environment is one of the most important tasks nowadays. Nevertheless, a developing city requires the development of architectural and urban environment, which contributes to the emerging of modern objects in historical areas of the city, often discordant. The primary parameter that determines the degree of discordance is the excess of the average height of the building, as well as architectural and stylistic parameters, placement in the structure of the city, etc. The problem of general increase in number of storeys in historical core of the city requires studies, analysis and definition of some restrictions in order to preserve the integrity and authenticity of the historical and cultural environment. Materials and methods. The work is based on the study of contemporary foreign and domestic solution experience of the problem of modern architecture in the conditions of historical construction image. The initial data for the studies were the materials of the current Project of zones of protection of objects of cultural heritage of Ryazan, and project materials developed in 2017. On the basis of field survey and the analysis of photographic images of buildings in the development, the nature and complexity of the architectural composition. Results. In accordance with the current Project of protection zones the most typical examples of multi-storey buildings in the historical context were identified, a characteristic and an assessment of the degree of their discordance were given. Conclusions. The study was aimed to solve the problem of preserving the integrity and authenticity of the historical and cultural environment in the construction of modern multi-storey buildings. The emerging of new buildings in historical core is necessary and inevitable, so, some architectural and urban planning techniques were revealed to reduce the degree of discordance
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Wang, Chun E. "Preliminary Analysis on Design Principles and Development Trends of Modern Office Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.141.
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Along with the social and economic development, architectural design of modern office buildings has undergone huge changes in various perspectives, posing exacting requirements to designers. This article introduces the design philosophies of modern office buildings from architectural image, function design and interior space, proposing four development trends facing future office building design, diversification, being people-oriented, low carbon emission and energy saving, intellectualization.
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Sahu, M., and A. Ohri. "VECTOR MAP GENERATION FROM AERIAL IMAGERY USING DEEP LEARNING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-2/W5 (May 29, 2019): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-w5-157-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> We propose a simple yet efficient technique to leverage semantic segmentation model to extract and separate individual buildings in densely compacted areas using medium resolution satellite/UAV orthoimages. We adopted standard UNET architecture, additionally added batch normalization layer after every convolution, to label every pixel in the image. The result obtained is fed into proposed post-processing pipeline for separating connected binary blobs of buildings and converting it into GIS layer for further analysis as well as for generating 3D buildings. The proposed algorithm extracts building footprints from aerial images, transform semantic to instance map and convert it into GIS layers to generate 3D buildings. We integrated this method in Indshine’s cloud platform to speed up the process of digitization, generate automatic 3D models, and perform the geospatial analysis. Our network achieved &sim;70% Dice coefficient for the segmentation process.</p>
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Ivanova-Ilyicheva, A., and N. Orekhov. "ROSTOV PUPPET THEATER: "OLD" AND "NEW" IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF SOVIET MODERNISM." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-1-58-65.
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Rostov Puppet Theater is an interesting example of the early stage of Soviet modernism in the region. It has an unusual building history and originality. The building with laconic and simplified forms outwardly corresponds to the image of the mass development of the 1960–1970s. Special features distinguish the building from among similar buildings. These are scale and harmony with the environment, compliance with the residential complex House of State Security Officers, and mosaic panels. On the basis of field studies of the Puppet Theater, the study of archival materials and design drawings, the authors managed to clarify the facts of the history of construction, identify the features of the stylistics of modernism, features of the spatial and planning structure and the architectural and artistic image of the building. The method of comparative analysis is used, comparing the materials of full-scale and historical-archival studies of the Puppet Theater with the project documentation and preserved images of the Annunciation Church, on the site of which it was built. The internal volume of the theater includes the remains of the structures of the destroyed church. The building became a clear illustration of the collision of “old” and “new” in the architecture of Soviet modernism, a reflection of the processes of changing aesthetic ideas of the time.
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Liu, Qiang, Nan Shi, and Jiang Chang. "Discuss the Loss of Traditional Culture in Modern Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.42.
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Foreign trends are fashionable in contemporary Chinese architecture, foreign cutting-edge architecture ideas and international styles wantonly invade, making more and more national landmark buildings possess foreign appearances, and architectural images are becoming more eye-catching, while ethnic, regional features contained in buildings get lost gradually. Based on the comprehensive analysis of positive and negative examples of construction, this paper tries to find the best conjunction point between traditional culture and modern architecture.
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Liu, Chun, and André Gagalowicz. "Image-based Modeling of Haussmannian Facades." International Journal of Virtual Reality 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2010.9.1.2757.
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This paper describes techniques and algorithms for Haussmannian facade modeling. Although buildings are complex artificial objects which are difficult to interpret, Haussmannian buildings carry a more consistent typology and composition rhythm. By incorporating the architectural knowledge of the Haussmannian facade into an image analysis process, facade structure information can be automatically inferred. Moreover, in order to further refine the facade analysis, an image synthesis process is integrated and a feedback loop is created for producing more stable results. With this methodology, a solid technique and process for image-based modeling of Haussmannian or similar building facades have been established.
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LIU, Lingzhi, Shigeharu NAKAMURA, and Toshimasa KONISHI. "STUDY ON THE EXTERNAL IMAGE OF CHINESE AND JAPANESE CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE : Image analysis for multistory buildings by Chinese." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 69, no. 580 (2004): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.69.87_1.
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Li, Xiang, Xiang Lin Gu, Xiao Bin Song, and Jian Nan Wang. "New Method for Surveying and Mapping Architectural Plane In-House with Laser Reticule Images." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 1213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.1213.
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Surveying and mapping the appearance of architecture plane is a supporting technology of historic buildings. To meet the need of plan survey in-house, a new close-range photogrammetry method was developed by laser reticule system. With the help of the system, two parallel level lines and eight vertical laser lines can be marked on the surface of inner walls. When the relationship between the distance from a vertical line and the length of the same line on an image picture is studied, the spatial location of room corners and some characteristic points on the images can be determined. Based on the photogrammetry and plane table operation method, architectural plane mapping can be done easily following a set of laser reticule images which were shot in situ closed by a non-metric digital camera. More details of historic buildings can be recorded on drawing sheets and images monogamy at the same time by using the proposed method, which are the basic information for the structural analysis of historic buildings.
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Yan-Jun, Li, and Huang Jing-Fan. "Investigation and type analysis of traditional residential buildings in Qinghai section of "Silk Road"." E3S Web of Conferences 283 (2021): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128302004.
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This paper takes the traditional residential architecture culture of Qinghai section of the land Silk Road culture as the breakthrough point. A large number of historical materials and unearthed cultural relics show that Qinghai section is an important channel of the south line of the ancient Silk Road and an important part and key node of the silk road. However, in the long-term use of local residential buildings, due to the lack of reasonable protection, as the only physical carrier of research and construction technology, it is gradually disappearing around people. Based on the image data collection and cultural background search of the current situation and types of residential buildings along the Silk Road in Qinghai Province, the author summarizes, combs and researches the data of different types of buildings, focusing on the morphological characteristics of residential buildings in different regions and nationalities. Firstly, the author summarizes the natural and cultural environment along the line, and analyzes the distribution characteristics of residential buildings combined with the regional environment background; Secondly, according to the survey records, the paper combs the protection status of residential buildings and the influencing factors of residential buildings, aiming to put forward the thinking path for the later protection and inheritance of residential architectural culture; Finally, along the regional line, the paper explains the national ownership, material selection and architectural characteristics of the residential buildings in each natural area, and summarizes the influencing factors of the residential buildings in the three natural areas along the line, as well as the architectural characteristics of the main types of buildings, such as quadrangles, Zhuangkuo residential buildings, fence buildings, tents and yurts. The purpose of this paper is to supplement and improve the research results of the cultural system of traditional dwellings in Qinghai section of the silk road.
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Liscombe, Rhodri Windsor. "Refabricating the Imperial Image on the Isle of Dogs: Modernist Design, British State Exhibitions and Colonial Policy 1924–1951." Architectural History 49 (2006): 317–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x0000280x.
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Historical analysis of the 1951 Festival of Britain has tended to overlook its ideological genealogy, and also to give less consideration to the Exhibition of Architecture, Town Planning and Building Research at Lansbury in Poplar on the Isle of Dogs than to the architecture and displays at the South Bank site (Figs 1 and 2). That genealogy reflects an intersection between the formulation of colonial policy and the adaptation of Modern Movement theory and practice during the final phase of British imperialism. Consequently the purpose of this paper is to recover various aspects of this intersection, during the nearly three decades from the British Empire Exhibition of 1924. Focusing on design practice in the Empire, especially the national exhibition buildings erected at those major international expositions that led up to and culminated in the Festival of Britain, it also examines the wider representation of architectural and colonial development in professional media and public propaganda.
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Salama, Ashraf M. "Interrogating the Practice of Image Making in a Budding Context." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 8, no. 3 (November 30, 2014): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v8i3.549.
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Image making is a continuous worldwide practice of architects and designers whose concern is to create meaningful environments. Such a practice results in expressions that either reflect the regional context or mirror the wider global culture. This paper aims at interrogating image making practices in the city of Doha, which has experienced rapid urban transformations, associated with building large scale work and learning environments, mixed use developments, and cultural and sport facilities. Contextualizing current debate on Doha’s architecture and urbanism, a critical analysis of geo-cultural politics and on the notion of the ‘scapes of flows’ is undertaken. Based on contextual, critical, and perceptual approaches image-making practices in the city were discerned. Different types of efforts were categorized and critically analyzed underlying the contextual and critical approaches. The analysis reveals that efforts range from utilizing symbolism in contemporary imaging, to manifesting tradition-modernity in search for image identity, to addressing the global condition towards image making. The perceptual approach established empirical evidence by investigating users’ reactions to three notable office buildings that their design attempts to evoke a unique image. This was supported by statements made by CEOs of architectural firms and development companies that reflected a promise towards image making in the architecture of Doha. A concluding critique is introduced to elucidate that while there are incessant attempts at image making, the practice of ‘cutting and pasting’ dominates in the absence of critical consciousness. Such a critique calls for avoiding ‘case by case decision making’ the urban governance in the city still adopts while engaging effective place making strategies.
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Ghasemzadeh, Behnam. "FRAMEWORK – ARCHITECTURE IN IRANIAN MINIATURES." Revista Europeia de Estudos Artisticos 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2013): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37334/eras.v5i1.100.
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The objective of this research is to discuss the problem of how architectural spaces exist and attend in Iranian miniatures. That is professional way and planning to encounter particular and valuable architecture that today there is in Iranian miniatures. This study with the aim of identifying framework Structure of conducted architecture and reference to articles, professional resources and survey has attempted to provide an appropriate field for understanding the reason and logic about this valuable architecture. This Structure has been formulated, after identifying miniatures in the first stage and analyzing their contents in the second stage. Among the results gained after miniatures analysis: architecture functionality beyond its social meaning, scale independence of the building and human scale of the buildings, simultaneous images of inside and outside space and special idealism can be mentioned. The results of this study can be considered in architectural planning and urban development of Iran, and can pave the way of future researches.
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Mao, Fangyi, Pengcheng Zhao, and Zhe Zhu. "Construction of Characteristic Town Brand Color Systems: Color Extraction Based on Regional Landscape Architecture." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 03037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123603037.
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The brand image design of characteristic towns already becomes the way to improve awareness and promote propaganda in many characteristic towns. However, during the brand color system construction of characteristic towns, the differences in natural geography and cultural landscape have resulted in universal differentiation of characteristic towns, but the brand color constructions are very similar and lack scientific basis or differences, and even deviate from the original intention of town brand building. Given the difficulty in the brand color system development of characteristic towns, we proposed a strategy to build the characteristic town brand color system according to the color extraction from regional landscape buildings. With the characteristic Xiaolan Town in Zhongshan City of Guangdong province as example, the features of natural landscape plants and architecture color design were extracted on basis of the comprehensive regional landscapes. The color library for color design was acquired through data analysis, and the colors of historical landscape buildings were integrated with the colors of modern science and technology elements. With the introduction of building graphs, the deep connection between color design and brand visual image was enhanced. This design strategy offers some scientific values and theoretical guidance for exploring the brand color design systems of characteristic towns and for guiding the innovative strategies of designers.
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Merzhievskaya, Natalia, and Evgen Dunaevskiy. "ARCHITECTURAL-SPATIA PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF MODERN CULT BUILDINGS OF CHRISTIAN CONFESSIONS IN UKRAINE." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 59 (March 1, 2021): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.59.28-51.
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The article «Architectural-spatial principles of formation of the structure of modern cult buildings of Christian confessions in Ukraine» acquaints the readers with the percentage of different denominations in Ukraine. The paper reports on the coexistence of different religious denominations in Ukraine, a table with sacred architecture in different areas is given, as it is an important component of national minorities living in our country. The architectural and spatial organization of sacred buildings on the territory of Ukraine is analyzed. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the formation of evaluation criteria, sacred buildings of Christian denominations in Ukraine. The main research methods in the article are general scientific methods, which include: review of the literature, study of analogues; theoretical methods: analysis and synthesis, analogy and comparison; empirical methods: description, observation, perception, images. The objects are a selection of the twenty most successful buildings during the period of independence of Ukraine of each denominational unit of Christianity in the country. Discovery the relevance of the study and the basic principles of formation and development of the category of assessment of buildings of Christian denominations. Discovery the basic principles of formation of architectural and spatial structure and development of the category of assessment of buildings of Christian denominations. The analysis of modern Ukrainian church building and the search for ways of its further development in the theory of architecture is carried out mainly from internally Christian positions without taking into account the current theories of development of post-Soviet Orthodoxy. This leads to a biased and religiously involved consideration of a number of aspects of Christian architecture, in particular the Orthodox denomination of Ukraine in the late XX - early XXI century, patterns and principles of development of which cannot be determined, being within the model of post-Soviet Orthodoxy. The paper is supplied with diagrams, tables, figures.
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Krūgelis, Linas. "IMAGE OF CHURCH IN THE CONTEMPORARY SACRAL ARCHITECTURE OF LITHUANIA / BAŽNYČIOS ĮVAIZDIS ŠIUOLAIKINĖJE LIETUVOS SAKRALINĖJE ARCHITEKTŪROJE." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 36, no. 2 (July 3, 2012): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2012.697716.
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For many centuries, sacral architecture was conceptualised as a multiple reflection of the Catholic spiritual teaching, traditions and a symbol of particular epoch. Moreover, it served as a link between experience, knowledge and values fulfilled by of both, the present and the future man. Catholic temples, like the religion itself, were based on the mystical image of the Body of Christ (Corpus Christi). Also, it can be found not only in liturgical practices, but also in architectural expression. Up until the Second Vatican Council (also known as the Vatican II), church buildings were usually referred to as the House of God (Domus Dei), however, in the midst of the 20th century, the Church has slowly shifted to the new paradigm – the People of God (Populus Dei). Therefore, churches as buildings have also changed and became referred to as the House of God's People (Domus Ecclesiae). These essential changes were strongly expressed in the development of the 20th century sacral architecture. This article is based on the analysis of historical changes in circumstances as well as expression methods in sacral architecture and contemporary church buildings. As a method of research, the comparative analysis is used, which enables to determine impact of contemporary paradigm to the Church and sacral architecture in Lithuania Santrauka Ilgus šimtmečius sakralinė architektūra buvo suvokiama kaip daugialypis Bažnyčios mokymo, tradicijos ir esamo laikotarpio atspindys, simbolis. Tai lyg tiltas, jungiantis praeities patirtį ir žinias su dabarties ir ateities žmogiškąja pilnatve. Katalikiškos šventovės, kaip ir pati religija, rėmėsi Kristaus mistinio kūno prasme (Corpus Christi) ir simbolika tiek liturgijos apeigose, tiek architektūrinėje bažnyčios sampratoje. Iki Vatikano II Visuotinio Bažnyčios susirinkimo buvo įprasta bažnyčios pastatą vadinti Dievo namais (Domus Dei), tačiau XX a. bažnyčios paradigma radikaliai pasikeitė, Bažnyčia imama suvokti kaip Dievo tauta (Populus Dei), o pastatas – Dievo žmonių namais (Domus Ecclesiae). Šie esmingi pokyčiai itin atsispindėjo sakralinės architektūros raidoje. Straipsnyje analizuojamos istorinės pokyčių aplinkybės ir jų raiška Vakarų sakralinėje architektūroje. Naudojantis šios tyrimo dalies įžvalgomis, lyginama, kaip XX a. liturginių reformų ir bažnyčios įvaizdžio paradigmos kaita veikė šiuolaikinės Lietuvos sakralinės architektūros raidą.
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Antón, Daniel, and José-Lázaro Amaro-Mellado. "Engineering Graphics for Thermal Assessment: 3D Thermal Data Visualisation Based on Infrared Thermography, GIS and 3D Point Cloud Processing Software." Symmetry 13, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13020335.
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Engineering graphics are present in the design stage, but also constitute a way to communicate, analyse, and synthesise. In the Architecture-Engineering-Construction sector, graphical data become essential in analysing buildings and constructions throughout their lifecycles, such as in the thermal behaviour assessment of building envelopes. Scientific research has addressed the thermal image mapping onto three-dimensional (3D) models for visualisation and analysis. However, the 3D point cloud data creation of buildings’ thermal behaviour directly from rectified infrared thermography (IRT) thermograms is yet to be investigated. Therefore, this paper develops an open-source software graphical method to produce 3D thermal data from IRT images for temperature visualisation and subsequent analysis. This low-cost approach uses both a geographic information system for the thermographic image rectification and the point clouds production, and 3D point cloud processing software. The methodology has been proven useful to obtain, without perspective distortions, 3D thermograms even from non-radiometric raster images. The results also revealed that non-rectangular thermograms enable over 95% of the 3D thermal data generated from IRT against rectangular shapes (over 85%). Finally, the 3D thermal data produced allow further thermal behaviour assessment, including calculating the object’s heat loss and thermal transmittance for diverse applications such as energy audits, restoration, monitoring, or product quality control.
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Toong, Yong Seng, and Nangkula Utaberta. "Kuala Lumpur Chinatown Pre-War Shophouses (Adaptive Re-Use) and City Image." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.40.
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The terminology and concept of city image is very much related to good city planning and reflects strong image which, defined by Kelvin Andrew Lynch, a town-planner. He elaborates such terminology with regarding to people perception on urban space in term of city legibility and image-ability. Elizur who has classified city image as “rich” and “poor” in his study reminds of prototype and stereotype city place respectively. City image generally refers to the characteristic of a true urban image such as skylines, landmarks and panoramas. Architects, urban designers and town-planners play a crucial role in carrying out the task of shaping the city image. However, when discussion on city image which regards to economics point of view, city image could be interpreted as active use and passive use in accordance to a paper presented by some scholars. Active use means usage of the old buildings restoration and preservation which generates incomes to cover their building’s maintenance and expenses. Examples such as cafés, boutique hotels, art galleries. Conversely, passive use does not generate substantial income but contribute to and beneficial of the community. Examples such as community library, museums and other social activity buildings. Both active and passive use are portraying adaptive re-use of the old buildings. This paper unfolds the common ground which integrates adaptive re-use of pre-war shophouse buildings as architecture concept in Kuala Lumpur Chinatown (KLC) and contributing the city image under the term of conservation. The study is conducted with photographic records, on site study, observation (visual survey technique) and analysis.
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Xie, Xusheng, Xin Wen, and Fengfeng Deng. "Applications of 3D Image Using Internet of Things in the Exhibition of Classical Architecture Art Style." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (July 26, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2283354.
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Classical architecture is an architectural, cultural heritage with specific historical value. It is also a city with historical and cultural heritage and even a testimony of the profound historical culture of a country. Therefore, urbanization is unavoidable, and it directly influences historical buildings. This study aims to combine the three-dimensional image techniques and the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to research the development of classical architectural artistic style. This article presents the acquisition equipment, methods, precautions, and data processing of real-life 3D image data of the classical architectural heritage. We realized the online publishing of real-world 3D services of classical architectural heritage through the real-world 3D display system developed through the Internet of Things and mobile terminals. The model was verified through simulation tests. The combination of image processing techniques and analysis methods such as simulated annealing improved the accuracy of the prediction model. The proposed model can provide data support for policy formulation, technical intervention, and targeted field investigation on architectural heritage by screening research objects.
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Lewandowska, Agnieszka. "Reducing architecture to an image." Journal of Education Culture and Society 10, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20192.239.244.
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Aim. The subject of this work is reduction of architecture complexity to particular image, deprived of its context and time. The author aims to present the problem of perceiving architecture through visual experience only.
Methods. The author of the article describes the process of reduction basing on example of iconic sacred building – Church if the Light, designed by Japanese architect Tadao Ando. The analysis of all stages of transformation and reinterpretation of original complex design is conducted. The aim is to indicate how misrepresentation of design and reduction to particular image was transferred to architecture once again.
Results and Conclusion. The essential conclusion of the article is the impact and power of image culture. The author of the article indicates how contemporary world of pictures influences human perception of space and limit it to one sense – sight.
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Borovaya, E. L., T. V. Zommer, S. N. Chernyshev, R. Ch Bartsits, and P. D. Chistov. "Reconstruction and restoration of monuments of white stone architecture on the example of the church of the Image of Edessa in Abramtsevo." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 05050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126305050.
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The article deals with the topic of preserving the historical appearance of objects during the reconstruction and restoration of architectural masterpieces. The analysis of the historical experience of recreating samples of ancient Russian architecture with elements of sculptural white stone reliefs is carried out on the example of the group method of work of members of the Abramtsevo art circle, imitating the activities of the national art collective. Based on the analysis of historical experience in the framework of the Abramtsevo Art Circle and their own research, the authors have established the basic principles of reconstruction and restoration of architectural monuments. When conveying of white stone works as masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture, technological techniques must be based on the ideological basis of creating an emotional and artistic atmosphere of collective creativity of folk masters. During the reconstruction and restoration of white stone architecture, it is also necessary to reproduce the natural irregularities of the walls themselves as a stylistic and functional feature of the historical time, designed to give originality to ancient buildings, taking into account the specifics of the perception of the relief of the walls of the monument as a similarity to the terrain.
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Daranagama, Samitha, and Apichon Witayangkurn. "Automatic Building Detection with Polygonizing and Attribute Extraction from High-Resolution Images." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090606.
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Buildings can be introduced as a fundamental element for forming a city. Therefore, up-to-date building maps have become vital for many applications, including urban mapping and urban expansion analysis. With the development of deep learning, segmenting building footprints from high-resolution remote sensing imagery has become a subject of intense study. Here, a modified version of the U-Net architecture with a combination of pre- and post-processing techniques was developed to extract building footprints from high-resolution aerial imagery and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery. Data pre-processing with the logarithmic correction image enhancing algorithm showed the most significant improvement in the building detection accuracy for aerial images; meanwhile, the CLAHE algorithm improved the most concerning UAV images. This study developed a post-processing technique using polygonizing and polygon smoothing called the Douglas–Peucker algorithm, which made the building output directly ready to use for different applications. The attribute information, land use data, and population count data were applied using two open datasets. In addition, the building area and perimeter of each building were calculated as geometric attributes.
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Thalia, Ivana, Made Suastika, and Leny Pramesti. "MODERN ARCHITECTURE APPLICATION ON WEDDING CENTRE DESIGN IN SURAKARTA." ARSITEKTURA 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v16i1.20142.
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<p class="Abstract"><em>Modern architecture is an approach in the field of architectural engineering that is used as a design approach. The research is done to discuss the field of architectural engineering, especially in planning and design. The purpose of this research is to reveal the concept of planning and design on the application of modern architecture as a design method in Wedding Center building in Surakarta. The method used is a descriptive explorative method on the preparation of planning and modern architecture design methods on the building design. Modern architectural design method is used as a method of design approach on building Wedding Center in Surakarta in order to be able to provide a building image in accordance with the concept of Wedding Center building as a one-stop wedding service in Surakarta. The results and discussion of analysis in this research are qualitative analysis. The final concept formed from this research is a conceptual model and the physical design model of Wedding Center with Modern Architecture Approaches in Surakarta.</em></p>
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Terletska, D., and V. Shpagin. "Identification of the architectural style of the Red Building of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv for Landscape Design aims." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 77, no. 1 (2019): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2019.77.68-71.
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The article deals with the identification of terms that define the style of the Main Building of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv in domestic and foreign scientific literature, for their further use in the search for architectural analogues for the purposes of landscape design. Since the development of classics in architecture is characterized by heterogeneity in different countries and at different times, the study is based on an analysis of the periodization systems of development of the classical style adopted within domestic and foreign scientific schools. At the first stage, the article describes the domestic scientific system of periodization and shows that a simple chronological definition of the style of the Red Building does not provide the correct result. Therefore, an analysis was made with a comparison of the architectural image of the main building of the University and other classical buildings for which the style is precisely identified. Such an approach made it possible to establish the belonging of the Red Building to the number of architectural objects, the style of which corresponds to strict classicism. At the second stage, the domestic periodization system is compared with its Western counterparts. This allowed us to identify a group of terms used in foreign scientific schools, in particular in Germany and England, for identifying structures with stylistic signs of strict classicism. Thereafter it was analyzed the similarities and fundamental differences in the names of the period of development of foreign classical architecture, corresponding to strict classicism in the domestic architecture. There was demonstrated both the similarity of the terms of the national school with the terms used to refer to strict classicism in Germany and terminological differences in the domestic and English-language literature. In addition it was considered several foreign analogs of the term "strict classicism", which have received wide scientific scattering, but not included in the generally accepted periodization systems of the development of classical architecture .
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KURUMISAWA, Kiyofumi, and Toyoharu NAWA. "IMAGE ANALYSIS OF HARDENED CEMENT PASTE BY USING BACKSCATTER ELECTRON IMAGE-ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY ANALYSIS." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 70, no. 595 (2005): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.70.9_4.
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Santagati, C., M. Lo Turco, and G. D’Agostino. "POPULATING A LIBRARY OF REUSABLE H-BOMS: ASSESSMENT OF A FEASIBLE IMAGE BASED MODELING WORKFLOW." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (August 21, 2017): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-627-2017.
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The paper shows the intermediate results of a research activity aimed at populating a library of reusable Historical Building Object Models (H-BOMs) by testing a full digital workflow that takes advantages from using Structure from Motion (SfM) models and is centered on the geometrical/stylistic/materic analysis of the architectural element (portal, window, altar). The aim is to find common (invariant) and uncommon (variant) features in terms of identification of architectural parts and their relationships, geometrical rules, dimensions and proportions, construction materials and measure units, in order to model archetypal shapes from which it is possible to derive all the style variations. At this regard, a set of 14<sup>th</sup> - 16<sup>th</sup> century gothic portals of the catalan-aragonese architecture in Etnean area of Eastern Sicily has been studied and used to assess the feasibility of the identified workflow.<br><br> This approach tries to answer the increasingly demand for guidelines and standards in the field of Cultural Heritage Conservation to create and manage semantic-aware 3D models able to include all the information (both geometrical and alphanumerical ones) concerning historical buildings and able to be reused in several projects.
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Pan, Zhuokun, Jiashu Xu, Yubin Guo, Yueming Hu, and Guangxing Wang. "Deep Learning Segmentation and Classification for Urban Village Using a Worldview Satellite Image Based on U-Net." Remote Sensing 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101574.
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Unplanned urban settlements exist worldwide. The geospatial information of these areas is critical for urban management and reconstruction planning but usually unavailable. Automatically characterizing individual buildings in the unplanned urban village using remote sensing imagery is very challenging due to complex landscapes and high-density settlements. The newly emerging deep learning method provides the potential to characterize individual buildings in a complex urban village. This study proposed an urban village mapping paradigm based on U-net deep learning architecture. The study area is located in Guangzhou City, China. The Worldview satellite image with eight pan-sharpened bands at a 0.5-m spatial resolution and building boundary vector file were used as research purposes. There are ten sites of the urban villages included in this scene of the Worldview image. The deep neural network model was trained and tested based on the selected six and four sites of the urban village, respectively. Models for building segmentation and classification were both trained and tested. The results indicated that the U-net model reached overall accuracy over 86% for building segmentation and over 83% for the classification. The F1-score ranged from 0.9 to 0.98 for the segmentation, and from 0.63 to 0.88 for the classification. The Interaction over Union reached over 90% for the segmentation and 86% for the classification. The superiority of the deep learning method has been demonstrated through comparison with Random Forest and object-based image analysis. This study fully showed the feasibility, efficiency, and potential of the deep learning in delineating individual buildings in the high-density urban village. More importantly, this study implied that through deep learning methods, mapping unplanned urban settlements could further characterize individual buildings with considerable accuracy.
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Kavas, Kemal Reha. "Environmental representation: Bridging the drawings and historiography of Mediterranean vernacular architecture." Journal of Human Sciences 14, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 3472. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i4.4758.
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Architectural drawings, which are projections of spaces on a paper surface, can be categorized according to the projections’ directional and temporal relation with the represented space. A projection becomes a documentation when it departs from an existing spatial organization for recording it on paper. The projection serves the design process when it departs from the present to foresee a spatial proposal in the future. While the former records the present within limited interpretive range, the latter is more constructive. While these two types of projections are known widely, there is another highly interpretive type of projection, the potentials of which, are generally underestimated. As the architectural historian’s tool, this third projection type represents bygone architecture. The task of this drawing, which is one of the least questioned issues of architectural history, is to restore an incomplete image by referring to material and textual sources. This drawing type contributes to the methodology of architectural historiography while conceiving, explaining and representing space.For illustrating this situation, this study analyzes the vernacular settlements and their environmental integration because this selected context reveals the interpretive nature of the third type of projection in a successful way. In this framework, the cut-away axonometric is considered as an appropriate drawing method for uncovering the integrity between architecture and its site or culture and nature. The outcome of this theoretical insight into the prolific relations between drawing and architectural history is coined as “environmental representation.”In history architectural products have been integral components of the environment. Then, the architectural representation of historical buildings through drawings becomes critical since the majority of architectural drawings tend to isolate buildings from their environment. This conventional representation of historical architecture has been the dominant tool of typological analysis. Typology, which is intertwined with plan drawings, categorizes historical buildings according to their spatial, structural and material organizations and disengages the buildings from their socio-cultural and environmental context. If this methodological problem of typology is regarded as a problem of drawing, a new mode of “environmental representation” can be proposed.This study proposes “environmental representation” of architecture through cut-away axonometric. This graphic proposal is based upon the theoretical references of “environmental aesthetics”, which is an interdisciplinary field analyzing the participatory human engagement in environment. “Aesthetics,” as a term, defines this bodily engagement into environment through the use of all human senses. In this theoretical framework this study challenges the assumptions of scientific theory for architectural representation of the “abstracted object” and proposes an alternative method of “environmental representation” on the basis of “aesthetics”. Within this scope, the proposed cut-away axonometric drawings produced by the author is analyzed in order to represent exemplary historical contexts of architecture selected through the vernacular settlements of the Anatolian Mediterranean.
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Zwerger, Klaus. "Vernacular Architecture: A Term Denoting and Transporting Diverse Content." Built Heritage 3, no. 4 (December 2019): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03545716.
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AbstractA selective review of the literature demonstrates the difficulty in defining ‘vernacular architecture’. Recent studies have presented an overly narrow, single-sided, or even unacceptable image of the topic in comparison with many earlier definitions and discussions. However, those earlier analyses also had various shortfalls. The interdependence of vernacular architecture, economic interests, and emerging awareness of buildings’ interaction with the environment demand a rethinking of vernacular architecture, which the present study understands as signifying housing offered for most of the world’s population.
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De Bock, Jelle, and Steven Verstockt. "SmarterRoutes – Data-driven road complexity estimation for level-of-detail adaptation of navigation services." Advances in Cartography and GIScience of the ICA 2 (November 6, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-adv-2-2-2019.
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Abstract. SmarterRoutes aims to improve navigational services and make them more dynamic and personalised by data-driven and environmentally-aware road scene complexity estimation. SmarterRoutes divides complexity into two subtypes: perceived and descriptive complexity. In the SmarterRoutes architecture, the overall road scene complexity is indicated by combining and merging parameters from both types of complexity. Descriptive complexity is derived from geospatial data sources, traffic data and sensor analysis. The architecture is currently using OpenStreetMap (OSM) tag analysis, Meten-In-Vlaanderen (MIV) derived traffic info and the Alaro weather model of the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMI) as descriptive complexity indicators. For the perceived complexity an image based complexity estimation mechanism is presented. This image based Densenet Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) uses Street View images as input and was pretrained on buildings with Bag-of-Words and Structure-from-motion features. The model calculates an image descriptor allowing comparison of images by calculation of the Euclidean distances between descriptors. SmarterRoutes extends this model by additional hand-labelled rankings of road scene images to predict visual road complexity. The reuse of an existing pretrained model with an additional ranking mechanism produces results corresponding with subjective assessments of end-users. Finally, the global complexity mechanism combines the aforementioned sub-mechanisms and produces a service which should facilitate user-centred context-aware navigation by intelligent data selection and/or omission based on SmarterRoutes’ complexity input.
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Kukil, Lidiia. "Semantics of figurative and plastic solutions of Green Man mascarons in the Lviv architecture of the 19th century." Bulletin of Lviv National Academy of Arts, no. 39 (2019): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37131/2524-0943-2019-39-21.
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Background. The image of Green Man (Green Man — “the spirit of the forest”), which embodies a mythological forest deity, undoubtedly entered the city's architecture along with new Western stylistic tendencies and immediately gained popularity among the Lviv architects of that time. Mythological images, which were formed during the ancient history of mankind, have often remained topical for subsequent epochs, but it should be noted that in the 19th century these mask-images acquired exclusively a decorative function and canonicity of their depiction was altered by interpretations of the author's vision. Despite the fact that Lviv architectural decor of the 19th century is a rather studied topic, so far Lviv Green Man mascarons of the 19th century have not been the subject of a special study, which predetermines the scientific novelty of the chosen topic. Objectives. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main theories of the origin of the Green Man image in the architecture of Western Europe, to reveal its symbolic meaning, to highlight the main typological groups of green man masks in Lviv architecture of the 19th century, to reveal and analyze their figurative and plastic solutions. Methods. The article applies the general scientific methods of research: method of analysis is used in the study and systematization of scientific literature in terms of the subject of research; comparative method is used for the analysis of stylistic features of 19th century Lviv Green Man mascarons in comparison with Western European tendencies; method of synthesis is used in the development of typology of Lviv Green Man mascarons of the period in question; method of art analysis is used in the analysis of stylistic and plastic features of Green Man masks on Lviv facades of 19th century. Results. Green Man is a fiction image that combines human appearance and the flora. In the ancient world cultures, Green Man sometimes was identified as the vegetative deity of the nature. First of all, it is interpreted as a pagan spirit of forest and the symbol of nature revival. It is rather paradoxical that most depictions of this pagan symbol of nature are in the interiors and exteriors of temple architecture of medieval Europe. Pre-Christian pagan traditions were closely associated with nature. Worshipping sacred trees was intrinsic for many ancient cultures that directly influenced artistic culture of Christian Europe. Accordingly, the masks of “green men” were, perhaps, only one of the pagan symbolic images, which gained the right to exist in the space of medieval ecclesiastical architecture. A new wave of interest in Green Man's image dates back to the 19th century. The reason for its revival could be an environmental crisis, and in this respect the image of Green Man present in architecture can be regarded as the archetype of “nature guardian”, whose role is to remind people of their responsibilities to nature. During this period various Green Man mascarons, deprived of symbolism, again started to be used by architects as decorative elements of secular buildings. Undoubtedly, such popularity of the “green man” masks in Victorian architecture has influenced the use of this image in European eclecticism, from where it came to Lviv architecture. Motive of the green man has many variations, which, depending on the author's conception, can be either interpreted as naturalistic or stylized. The authors of Green Man mascarons placed great importance on specific species of plants. To a large extent their choice depended on the local flora and symbolic associations they caused. Among Lviv Green Man mascarons, one can distinguish certain common features characteristic for certain types of face reliefs of the green man. Most often the authors of Lviv mascarons portrayed Green Man's face, hair, mustache and beard turning into leaves. Particular importance was attached to the mood of this bizarre creature. A deep, pensive look and a half-open mouth convey specific facial expression reflecting a special meditative condition that forces these masks to “speak”. A wide spectrum of moods of forest deity mascarons is conveyed by means of facial expressions. Some faces are friendly and smiling, others look sad, fierce, and at times even threatening, approaching theatrical feelings and emotions, thereby turning into “leafy grotesque”. Individual masks have more in common with demons or beasts than with humans. Horny faces of the “green man”, which are close to the image of an ancient god Pan, can be referred to a separate typological group of masks. Sometimes these masks stand out with an ominous look and a wry smile that bring them closer to the image of demonic forest deity, wild spirit of forest. Less often in Lviv architecture one can see the relief heads of Green Man dressed in stylized leaf crowns or from the mouth of which plant sprouts are growing. The last type of masks usually serves as an ornamental motive in the exterior decor and is characterized by small size. On the facades of many Lviv eclectic buildings, the mascarons of the green man can be complemented with ornamental compositions of plant sprouts, flowers and fruits, garlands or fruit bundles hanging on the lace out of Green Man's mouth. Similar to European art, there are Green Man mascarons in Lviv architecture depicting a human face decorated with separate leaves or surrounded by a leaf wreath. The atypical attribute of Lviv masks of nature deity are wings. In addition to all the above-mentioned images in Lviv architecture, there are also mascarons of green lions whose symbolic significance is associated with force and power. Conclusions. Consequently, Green Man mascaron is a strange symbiosis of a human face and flora, a pagan spirit of nature, the guard of forests, embodiment of the connection between the world of plants and the world of people. Together with its mysterious roots the “Green man” also entered the facade decoration of Lviv architecture of the 19th century. Analyzing the typology of Lviv mascarons images of the 19th century, we make certain that the image of Green Man was one of the most popular in the toolkit of architects and sculptors of that time. Variation of “neo” Green Man's masks is characteristic for Lviv architecture of the late the 19th century. The authors of Lviv masks attached a great importance to the facial expressions of forest deity. Its attributes can be horns, wings, sprouts growing from the mouth of Green Man or garlands of fruits and flowers, which compositionally complement the image. The choice of plant-like forms was equally important. Performing an exclusively decorative function on the facades of Lviv buildings, this image remains a mystery up to now.
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Rymarczyk, Tomasz, Grzegorz Kłosowski, and Edward Kozłowski. "A Non-Destructive System Based on Electrical Tomography and Machine Learning to Analyze the Moisture of Buildings." Sensors 18, no. 7 (July 14, 2018): 2285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072285.
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This article presents the results of research on a new method of spatial analysis of walls and buildings moisture. Due to the fact that destructive methods are not suitable for historical buildings of great architectural significance, a non-destructive method based on electrical tomography has been adopted. A hybrid tomograph with special sensors was developed for the measurements. This device enables the acquisition of data, which are then reconstructed by appropriately developed methods enabling spatial analysis of wet buildings. Special electrodes that ensure good contact with the surface of porous building materials such as bricks and cement were introduced. During the research, a group of algorithms enabling supervised machine learning was analyzed. They have been used in the process of converting input electrical values into conductance depicted by the output image pixels. The conductance values of individual pixels of the output vector made it possible to obtain images of the interior of building walls as both flat intersections (2D) and spatial (3D) images. The presented group of algorithms has a high application value. The main advantages of the new methods are: high accuracy of imaging, low costs, high processing speed, ease of application to walls of various thickness and irregular surface. By comparing the results of tomographic reconstructions, the most efficient algorithms were identified.
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Dukhniak, Iryna. "ANALYSIS OF THE ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL LANDSCAPE OF THE RIVER VALLEY SPACES IN UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 60 (April 26, 2021): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.60.117-127.
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The results of the analysis of architectural and landscape interactions in the valley spaces of the rivers in Ukrainian Carpathians are presented in the article. The analysis was made at the scale level of elements of the architectural landscape. It was the next step after preliminary studies at the two highest scale levels - the level of settlement systems and at the level of settlements. The goal is to create a scientific basis for the methodical bases of the architectural and landscape arrangement of river valley spaces in Ukrainian Carpathians.
Architectural and landscape interactions at a lowest scale level (level of an architectural landscape elements) are most clearly manifested in the aesthetic aspects. Elements of the architectural landscape are divided into natural and anthropogenic. The last ones were studied, which in turn are divided into urban elements, architectural objects and engineering structures. 30 elements were analyzed by functional-planning and aesthetic characteristics, of which 7 are presented in the article.
It was revealed, that the large buildings, which visually dominate the relief, spoil aesthetics and identity of the valley landscape. When the traditional superficiality is exceeded, the feeling of the dominant influence of natural components on the local architectural environment is lost. The use of artificial finishing materials or too bright colors distorts the image and disintegrates the environment.
It was established, that the best aesthetic effect in the relationship of architecture and landscape is achieved by applying traditional local styles in construction, in which there is an organic unity of nature and architecture through scale and form, as well as the use of natural materials in decoration.
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Vasilenko, A. "ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING." Problems of theory and history of architecture of Ukraine, no. 20 (May 12, 2020): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2519-4208-2020-20-230-238.
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Lighting plays a vital role in the way people experience and understand architecture. Whether buildings and structures are lit naturally or artificially, lighting is the medium that allows us to see and appreciate the beauty in the buildings around us. Lighting can bring an emotional value to architecture –it helps create an experience for those who occupy the space. Without lighting, where would architecture be? Would it still have the same impact? Whether it’s daylighting or artificial lighting, light draws attention to textures, colors, and forms of a space, helping architecture achieve its true purpose. Vision is the single most important sense through which we enjoy architecture, and lighting enhances the way we perceive architecture even more.To create a successful balance between lighting and architecture, it’s important to remember three key aspects of architectural lighting: aesthetic, function and efficiency. Aesthetic is where designers and architects focus on the emotional impact the balance of lighting and architecture will have on occupants. It’s where designers determine how they want people to feel when they walk around a space. This aspect is especially important for retail locations; exterior lighting should draw the consumer in, and the interior lighting should awe them as they walk through the doors in addition to showing off product. The second aspect, function, cannot be overlooked. We want the lighting to look a certain way, but we have to also make sure it serves its most important purpose -to help us see. Areas should be illuminated so occupants feel safe when navigating a room or entire building. They should be able to see the floor and walls around them, which should create a feeling of reassurance. The final aspect is very important in today’s age of green building and sustainability movements. It’s one thing to create a breathtaking lighting layout, but it’s another to create a breathtaking layout that is also incredibly energy efficient. This can be done by assuring the majority of the light is reaching its target and there is less wasted light. Reducing the amount of wasted light will make the building more efficient. An easy way this can be done is to install LEDs instead of fluorescent lighting. Because of the technology, there is less wasted light with LEDs than fluorescent due to the directional nature of LEDs.Before we get into how light and architecture impact one another, it’s important to know the main categories of buildings and what each try to accomplish with lighting. The first group (public buildings) is comprised of sports arenas, libraries, hospitals, etc. These types of buildings are more concerned with providing the right amount of light for tasks and other types of events. Sporting events like football and baseball require the right amount of light sothe players on the field can see and so the spectators can see the field. It’s also important for when spectators go to and from their seats and navigate the rest of the arena/stadium. It’s the same concept with libraries and hospitals. In libraries, occupants need to have the proper light levels to read, write and find books on shelves, while hospitals need high light levels for doctors and nurses to successfully do their jobs.The second group (official buildings) is comprised of mainly warehouses and office buildings. Their number one concern with lighting is the efficiency. With the large energy consumption of those properties, they can’t afford to spend a fortune on lighting and the electricity it consumes. And with green building trends on the rise, it’s important to have energy-efficient and sustainable lighting.The third and final group (specialized buildings) is comprised of museums, theaters, casinos, etc. These buildings rely heavily on atmosphere and the experiences they can provide. They are concerned with enhancing the appearance of architectural spaces and elements. When people go to a theater to see a play or musical, they are expecting an experience before the show even begins. They want to see a beautiful chandelier welcoming them in the lobby, lavish wall sconces lighting the hallway to their seats, and the area around the stage to be lit to accentuate statues, pillars and other architectural features.To enhance architectural elements and evoke emotions, it’s important to understand spatial borders and how to properly light them. To enhance vertical borders for example, light should be directed towards wall surfaces. If there is a wall that is a different texture, or simply one that the occupants should notice more than others, wall washingis a great tool.It will draw attention to the wall and make it appear as its own architectural element instead of a piece of an entire room. This can be used in retail locations to draw more attention to wall displays.Horizontal borders can be emphasized by illuminating the floor and ceiling. By lighting the floor, objects and pedestrian surfaces are lit. This is particularly important in dark spaces such as movie theaters and night clubs. The ambient and accent light levels are so low that not enough light reaches the floor, thus requiring the floor to be illuminated.Executed properly, this can act as task and accent lighting. If light needs to be diffused in the room, lighting the ceiling can be a successful strategy. It helps create a uniformity of light throughout the room and provides proper light levels without the use of direct light on objects.After vertical and horizontal borders have been lit, it’s important to not forget about lighting architectural elements. Lighting pillars, archways, textures, etc. can draw attention away from a room as a whole, and force the eye to focus on the illuminated architectural elements.In a room full of colors and architectural elements, it’s sometimes difficult to make certain areas stand out. Light can help with this problem by making those elements more obvious. This tactic can be used for interior and exterior lighting applications.The study identifies methodological bases of forming an integrated light facilities complex modern residential architecture. Light reveals the form of the architectural object, creates an image. Architecture becomes a source of artificial illumination using light technology. One of main priorities of the research is scientific direction in the creation of bioclimatic and ecological architecture. The problems of the effective use of the aesthetic potential of natural and artificial light have been considered. The analysis of scientific works has focused on the following issue -in the process of developing of the facade systems of housing building the necessary value of role of functional formation of form by light hasn’t been provided. Today in the architectural planning, it is necessary: the introduce in Ukraine European norms, to conform the national normative base the norms of the European standards.
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Boge, Knut, AlenkaTemeljotov Salaj, Svein Bjørberg, and Anne Kathrine Larssen. "Failing to plan – planning to fail." Facilities 36, no. 1/2 (February 5, 2018): 49–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-03-2017-0039.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to know how do early-phase planning of real estate (RE) and facilities management (FM) create value for owners and users of commercial and public sector buildings. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected in Norway in 2015 through a national online survey (N = 837). The sample gives a good picture of Norwegian owners’ and even users on tactical-level (customer) perspectives on RE and FM. The data have been analysed through descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis. The hypotheses have been tested through analyses of correlations and ordinary least square (OLS) linear regressions. Findings Exploratory factor analysis made it possible to establish seven composite variables (constructs). Based on these seven constructs, six hypotheses were derived and tested. Obstacles and financials have no significant effect on buildings’ perceived usability. The most important factors during early-phase planning that influence buildings’ perceived usability and lifetime value creation are measures promoting environment and life-cycle costs (LCC), FM, adaptability and image. Research limitations/implications Further empirical and preferably, comparative studies are needed to establish whether the findings can be generalized. The study has shown that a building’s usability and lifetime value creation is largely determined by decisions made during early phase planning. Practical implications Well-founded early-phase planning of RE and FM may actually provide very high return on the investments and significantly improve the buildings’ lifetime value creation for owners and users. Early-phase planning is also of great importance both for buildings’ physical design, as well as for successful FM during the buildings’ use phase, and may prevent irreversible blunders. Originality/value This is a large N empirical study in Norway. The findings indicate what owner and users of buildings should emphasize during early phase planning.
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Romanova, O. V. "FORMATION OF THE FOLK DECOR IN THE TRADITIONAL RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE SLAVIC AND ROMANIAN PEOPLES." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 81 (December 7, 2020): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-81-33-41.
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Abstract. Issues are discussed regarding the means of decorative and artistic expression in folk architecture (ornamental and plastic decor, artistic carving and painting, artistic forging), which are characterized by a certain symbolism that has developed in traditions. The type of the original form (natural, objective, constructive), which is the basis of the ideological and creative concept, is not always obvious, especially in geometrized, complexly stylized contours, that is why it is recognized only as a result of stage-by-stage research. The process of forming a decorative element is read through visual and morphological analysis. The author formulated the following research objectives: to discover the connection between the initial form and the final artistic image in the decor of traditional residential architecture; to identify the varieties of initial forms ‒ figurative prototypes; to reveal the course of compositional complication in the process of forming decorative means of expressiveness; provide relevant illustrative examples. The article examines the architectural decor used both on the residential building itself (wall planes, pediments, pilasters, etc.), and within the estate. Sometimes there are no analogues, and the creation of decorative furnishings is conditioned by a clear adherence to natural samples, and in some compositions there may be direct borrowings (citation) of stylistically established and well-known examples inherent in urban buildings. Comparing the samples of a certain ornamental motif, it is noticed that the drawn version can subsequently form the basis of the relief or sculptural variants, and the prototype shape predetermines the place (by the similarity of the contour features) for placing the decor. Hence - important observations about what kind of people may be inherent in the use of certain artistically designed architectural details. The table illustrates decorative elements of residential buildings and estates (stylization and transformation of the original form, the development of constructive and compositional design). Examples of the formation of folk decor in the traditional residential architecture of the Slavic and Romanic peoples (Ukrainians, Russians, Bulgarians, Moldavians, Romanians) are given. Conclusions are made and prospects for further research on this topic are highlighted.
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Dabašinskienė, Iveta. "Architecture of the First Railway in the Interwar Lithuania." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 5, no. 3 (June 20, 2013): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2013.50.
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This article analyses the examples of passenger stations and railway workers living houses of the first wide railroad Kretinga – Telšiai – Kužiai in the independent Lithuania (1918 – 1940). It also discusses the importance of the railroad to Samogitia region, Klaipėda region and the whole Lithuania. The clarified material is based on archival sources and documentary publications from the interwar period. In a review of projects of railway passenger stations and railway workers living houses have been seen their standardization wich started in tsarist period. Also these buildings emphasizes the unified image.
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Rukmane-Poča, Ilze, and Linda Leitāne-Šmīdberga. "The Directions of Formal Expression in Latvian Contemporary Architecture in the Context of the Synthesis of the Arts." Architecture and Urban Planning 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aup-2015-0006.
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Abstract Different types of formal expression can be found in the modern architecture of the 21st century - in publications, internet resources and in the generalizations of critics. In the context of the synthesis of arts the styles of sculptural architecture and surface architecture are noteworthy. Characteristics of this synthesis are also noticeable in kinetic architecture where the styles of surface kinetic architecture and sculptural kinetic architecture are distinguished. The genesis of images of buildings constructed in these styles is the result of the synthesis of arts; it reflects the development of historical styles as well as the ways of formal expression and their influences in the end of the 20th century and in the 21st century. This paper provides an analysis of constructed objects and proposals put forth in architectural competitions in Latvia’s 21st century modern architecture.
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Zhu, Sun, and Li Chen. "The Analysis of Architecture Image of Anande Temple - The Value and Protection of Gude Temple in Wuhan City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.171.
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Anande Temple originated from Myanmar, which belongs to Theravada Buddhism. Anande was the son of the Sakyamuni’s uncle, Hufan, and he finally became one of the Ten Great Disciples of Sakyamuni. Dedicated to the Buddhist temple, AnandeTemple is the most important Theravada Buddhist temple. According to literature, this kind of architectural style has only two buildings: one is AnandeTemple in Myanmar, the other is Gude Temple in Wuhan.This article mainly discusses the idea of restoration programming system of Gude Temple, one of the four jungles in Wuhan city. From the different characteristics in cultural value and architectural space layout represented by “Tianzhu standard” and “Garan seven standard”, the author explains the overall cultural understanding of Gude Temple and program the system with the consideration of cultural and environmental factors.
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Gaiduk, M. Yu, and E. V. Sitnikova. "MERCHANTS IN DEVELOMPENT OF SIBERIAN CITIES IN THE 19-20th CENTURES (THE TYUMEN AND TOBOLSK CASE STUDIES)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 22, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2020-22-2-72-89.
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The article covers historical and cultural heritage of Tyumen and Tobolsk, which are the capitals of the Tobolsk region. Historical cities of Siberia have rich historical, cultural and architectural heritage. The aim of this work is to assess the role of merchantry in the architectural image of West Siberian cities such as Tyumen and Tobolsk.The novelty lies in a full analysis of historical buildings of Tyumen and Tobolsk, identification of the role of local merchantry in establishing their architectural image and preservation of historical and architectural heritage.The scientific methods include a complex scientific analysis of historical archives and of bibliographical sources, a systems and architectural analyses of the research findings. Practically, the research results can be used in preparation of lectures, papers and essays on the history of the Siberian architecture.The work is based on theories and methods of historians and architects, and the full-scale experiment carried out by the authors in the years 2013−2019.It is shown that merchant buildings are extremely valuable. The majority of the assessed buildings are historical and architectural monuments of the local and federal significance. Buildings financed from merchant’s funds preserve knowledge about the history of towns, urban planning culture of the region, development of architectural styles, social and economic standards of the West Siberian cities late in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
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Trubitsyna, Natalja Anatolevna. "WIND PROTECTION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE." Vestnik MGSU, no. 6 (June 2017): 619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2017.6.619-630.
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The article discusses the interaction between the wind regime and the landscape. Examples of objects of landscape architecture in high-tech and science-intensive spheres, such as the launch pad of a spacecraft, are given. Wind protection is represented as a result of work on wind power engineering and a means of increasing bioclimatic comfort. The terms of landscape architecture are disclosed and mutual influence on the climate and impact on woody-shrub vegetation and field crops are analyzed. The phenomenon of air permeability for optimal operation of windproof structures and orientations of geoplastics and dendroplastics is described. In this paper, a classification of terrain types is described with a description of their elemental composition, as well as various categories of landscape. The proposal to consider the landscape as a territorial complex, and landscape buildings, landscape-architectural structures as objects of landscape architecture possessing properties of wind protection and air permeability was introduced. Thus, the concept of a landscape-architectural complex as a single group of landscape-architectural objects located on the territory and connected by a common system of communications, functions, technical elements and a visual image is formulated. Further research is based on the rationale for the use of the term ensemble in relation to the objects of the landscape and architectural complex and the identification of their design and planning features that can affect the parameters of wind protection and air permeability. The paper concludes that frequent coincidence of favorable for the fauna wind regime and mimicry of landscape architecture objects. The combination in the landscape of functions for wind protection and aesthetics is analyzed with analysis of such elements of landscape architecture as hedges and windproof properties of green plantations. In the work examples of wind engineering small architectural forms are shown in the form of sculptures moving from air streams, which also change the speed and direction of the wind. All this is generalized in further directions of research within the framework of the designated terrain theme, bioclimatic comfort and wind protection.
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Raičević, Andrea, and Vladimir Stevanović. "Gaston Bachelard's poetics of space: Inverse dreambook for interpretation of thinking by means of building." Arhitektura i urbanizam, no. 51 (2020): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-28495.
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This paper aims to examine the philosophical work of the French epistemologist and phenomenologist - Gaston Bachelard, by transferring its interpretation from the general into a specific field of architecture. The Poetics of Space (La Poétique de l'Espace), as a Bachelard's work that enjoys even today the most comprehensive reception among the architects and theorists of architecture, shall be taken as a starting point of our analysis. Intending not to limit itself to the considerations which encompass only texts that are strictly thematically or problematically dealing with architecture, this paper aims to position and contextualise Bashlar's philosophical thought within the phenomenological reflections that found their applications in the theory of architecture. In this sence, we shall provide an insight into the duality of relations between the Bachelard's concept of poetic image (l'image poétique) and a poetic object/motif, which, in our case, referes to the inherent elements of an architectural object intended for dwelling. Therefore, in addition to the material and geometric, we shall try to apprehend and explain the experiential manner of spatial perception, and single out the echoes of Bashlar's philosophical thought, which carry within themselves a potential to distort architectural thinking. The results of research shall indirectly demonstrate two possible ways of interpreting the Bachelard's work: 1) the analogous application and appropriation of interpretations of Bachelard's text as a reversed manualdreambook for provoking and inscribing the desired experience in the architectural space, and 2) the application of the mechanisms of phenomenological analysis itself, directed towards the interest in the process of creating a poetic image, as guidelines for the actualisation of an architectural object in its specific reality, through the work on its poeticity.
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Tavsan, Cengiz. "The Impact of the Eras and Varieties of Kufic art, on the Placement of Kufic in Architectural Design." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 11 (December 28, 2017): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i11.2874.
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Kufic script is a form of calligraphy that has been in existence since the earliest years of Islam. A glance at arts in Islamic states reveals that calligraphy and a number of other art forms fared well, as painting was considered objectionable on religious grounds. The introduction of different versions of calligraphy for use in such buildings produces a wealth of images, enhancing the aesthetics of the buildings. Kufic reached its zenith in the Ottoman state, and the most glamorous examples of Kufic in architecture of Turkish states can be found in Ottoman structures. Kufic exhibits certain variations in terms of the forms used and the spots occupied in structures. This study is a comparative analysis of the types of Kufic and spots used in architectural design, and an analysis of the important examples, for a more complete picture of the varieties of Kufic used in various periods. Keywords: Kufic, Kufic in Ottoman state, Kufic and architecture, Kufic and mosques.
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Dollens, Dennis. "Alan Turing's Drawings, Autopoiesis and Can Buildings Think?" Leonardo 47, no. 3 (June 2014): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00766.
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Alan Turing decoded nature in drawings and algorithmic programming. His botanical decryptions helped situate synthetic AI/ALife processes in digital realms now encompassing algorithmic simulation. These little-known drawings prompted the author's analysis via Maturana and Varela's theory of autopoiesis because of its emphasis on self-organization and minimal requirements for life. Autopoiesis, if hybridized with Andy Clark's extended cognition, then supports an underpinning hypothesis for generative architecture. Together, the theory and drawings propel design research, leading to the question: Can buildings think?—reprocessing Turing's original question: “Can machines think?” This paper thus situates Turing's 1950s' nature-to-computation images as unacknowledged design patrimony appropriated for generative architecture derived from nature and implemented via autopoietic-extended design.
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Leśniak, Agnieszka, and Monika Górka. "Structural Analysis of Factors Influencing the Costs of Facade System Implementation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 6021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176021.
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External facades of buildings and other structures shape the image of every building, creating the architecture of cities. Traditional concrete forms, as a symbol of durability and stability, have been replaced by lightweight enclosures—for example, in the form of aluminium–glass facades and ventilated facades. In this paper, the authors attempt to verify the strength of influence and relations between the identified factors shaping the costs of facade system implementation using structural analysis. On the basis of the collected quantitative and qualitative data obtained as a result of research on design documentation and cost estimates of implemented public buildings, as well as on the basis of interviews conducted among experts, factors which have a real impact on the costs of facade systems in the form of aluminium and glass facades and ventilated facades were identified. The indicated factors were analysed and classified using the method of structural analysis, namely the MICMAC method (refers to the French acronym for Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification). Particular influences and relations between factors were examined. Finally, six groups of factors influencing the costs of facade systems were identified, including regulatory factors that do not have a very strong impact on the level of costs, but which show a strong correlation with other factors; determinants that have a very strong impact on the costs; and a group of external factors that show the smallest influence on the estimation of façade cost.