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Qiong, Liu. "Vernacular Architectural Culture Versus Concession in the Late Qings Dynasty: The Case of Tianjin and Shanghai." Open House International 42, no. 3 (2017): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2017-b0014.
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During the late Qing Dynasty, Western colonists plundered and divided the land as concession where they consequently built European and American architectures. These architectures, such as concession garden architectures, are a result of relevant cultural exchange. Thus, concession garden architectural culture should be studied. In this study, the historical records of the concession and the concession garden in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China were examined on the basis of the representative architectures of Shanghai and Tianjin in China. The origin, classification, characteristic, and development of the concession garden architecture were regarded as the starting point, and the characteristics of the garden architecture in different regions were discovered. Further insights into the development of conservation concession garden buildings in China and the use of modern landscape architectures were provided, and new perspectives for studies on concession landscape architectures were presented through an in-depth understanding and analysis of concession landscape architectures.
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Chung, Stephanie Po-yin. "Floating in Mud to Reach the Skies: Victor Sassoon and the Real Estate Boom in Shanghai, 1920s–1930s." International Journal of Asian Studies 16, no. 1 (2019): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591418000335.
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AbstractThe historical waterfront of Shanghai known as the Bund, one of the most impressive architectural landscapes in Asia, was described in the 1930s inFortunemagazine as having “the tallest buildings outside the American continent; the biggest hoard of silver in the world” and being “the cradle of new China”.1At a time when the US economy was in ruins and much of China was besieged by civil war, Shanghai's foreign concessions provided a safe haven for Chinese and foreign investors. With the influx of hot money, Shanghai experienced an unprecedented building boom. Notable among these real estate developers was Sir Ellice Victor Elias Sassoon (1881–1961, hereafter Victor Sassoon) who transferred much of his wealth from India to Shanghai and then transformed the Shanghai skyline. Inspired by American skyscrapers, Sassoon decided to build the first skyscraper in Shanghai, which would also be the first in the Eastern hemisphere, even though Shanghai's muddy ground had never supported a building of that height before. This article documents how the evolution of treaty port architecture in China owed much to Victor Sassoon. Its innovations – from the advent of skyscrapers, with their Art Deco style and mixed-use function, to the engineering methods and financial arrangements that built them – bore Sassoon's stamp. As will be seen, Sassoon's experiment paid off handsomely.
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DE GIORGI, Laura. "ALIEN NEIGHBOURS: FOREIGNERS IN CONTEMPORARY SHANGHAI." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 41, no. 2 (2017): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2017.1327091.
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One distinctive facet of Shanghai’s cosmopolitanism and openness to the outer world is the foreign presence in the city. Partially reviving the myth of the old pre-1949 Shanghai, in the last twenty years Shanghai has become again a pole of attraction for foreign migrants, and it actually hosts one of the most numerous community of residents of alien nationality in the People’s Republic of China. Drawing from sociological and ethnological literature, from official reports and media coverage of the topic, this paper overviews the impact of foreign communities in Shanghai and investigates how Shanghai local migration policies and media discourse shape the meaning of this phenomenon with respect to the definition of Shanghai’s identity as a globalizing and a Chinese metropolis as well.
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SANTI, Ettore. "UNCERTAINTY AND DESIGN PRACTICE IN CHINA. THE “APPARATUS” OF SHANGHAI EXPERIMENTAL ARCHITECTURE." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 41, no. 2 (2017): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2017.1317298.
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Professional architects and scholars in China have pointed out the issue of uncertainty in the everyday realm of the design practice. Experimental architecture firms, the Chinese-born ateliers committed to seeking the “Chinese Identity” of architecture, have accepted uncertainty as a constitutive category of the process of city making and claimed they are learning from it. Yet, the cultural and political genealogy of uncertainty in China’s design process has not been significantly investigated. Building on the Foucauldian notion of apparatus, this paper unpacks the condition of uncertainty in Shanghai’s experimental architecture design practice and examines the formal and informal negotiations of power emerging among the diverse actors taking part in this process. Those include conflicts between governments at different levels, the contingency of the market demands, overlapping roles of design consultants, dynamics of cultural capital within the academic institutions. Based on methods of participant observation of experimental architecture ateliers in Shanghai, this analysis conveys that the Chinese Identity of architecture, the center of experimental architect’s design research, emerges as a consequence of the dynamics of the apparatus rather than from an a-priori formal determinism.
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Leonardo Pérez, Álvaro. "Overnight at the Crossroads: Abelardo Lafuente’s Architectural Legacy for ‘The Hong Kong and Shanghai Hotels Ltd.’ in Shanghai." Built Heritage 3, no. 3 (2019): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03545741.
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Abstract The business success of the most important hotel company in Asia in the 20th century, and therefore of its owners, the Kadoorie Family, is intertwined with the life of the only Spanish architect in the city of Huangpu. A long-forgotten story, its discovery reveals the interests, tastes and cultural mix of the multinational community that inhabited the most open city of the continent. Abelardo Lafuente García-Rojo (Madrid 1871–Shanghai 1931) worked uninterruptedly for the ‘Hong Kong and Shanghai Hotels Ltd.’ (HSH) for ten years since 1916. In that decade, he carried out interior renovations in eight HSH hotels in the cities of Shanghai, Hong Kong and Shameen in Canton. Along with that, he worked for many clients and introduced the Spanish neo-Arab style in several buildings which still stand today in the city under unknown authorship. His professional career in China—linked to the HSH—is a case study of the cultural melting pot of the city of Shanghai. Lafuente is nowadays a foot note in Shanghai’s architecture history and yet he deserves a chapter of his own, and this article is the first step.
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Chang, Qing. "Architectural Models and Their Contexts in China’s 20th-Century Architectural Heritage: An Overview." Built Heritage 3, no. 4 (2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03545715.
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AbstractThe article explores the morphological evolution of China’s 20th-century architecture chronologically. Chinese Neoclassicism has played a major role in forming the 20th-century heritage buildings surviving today. The phenomenon of Neoclassicism emerged because of the late arrival of China’s modernisation and industrialisation process compared with the West. In turn, in accepting and contesting Western culture, the Chinese elite have consciously relied upon architecture as a vehicle to uphold visible symbols of national Chinese identity and traditional Chinese culture. Meanwhile, in the foreign settlements of the treaty ports such as Shanghai, the Western Neoclassical style, along with other imported construction trends, also forms part of China’s 20th-century architectural heritage. Western Neoclassicism’s influence on China’s new architecture became even more evident in the mid-20th century, with the modern architectural heritage in Tiananmen Square as its exemplar. Nevertheless, the impact of Western modernist architecture on China’s architecture was minimal. It was not until the 1980s, as China reopened to the world, that various schools of thought from the post-industrial West flowed into China, which significantly enriched the types and sources of China’s 20th-century architectural heritage. Modern Classicism, late Modernism and Postmodernism all found their way into China’s contemporary architecture.
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Ding, Guanghui, Jonathan Hale, and Steve Parnell. "Constructing a place for critical practice in China: the history and outlook of the journal Time + Architecture." Architectural Research Quarterly 17, no. 3-4 (2013): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135514000062.
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This paper investigates the history and programme of the Chinese architectural journal Time + Architecture (Shidai Jianzhu). As one of the newly established architectural periodicals in post-Mao China, the journal was launched in 1984 by academics Luo Xiaowei, Wang Shaozhou and their colleagues at the Department of Architecture in Tongji University, Shanghai. The journal's close association with academic institutions and commercial design firms shaped its dual nature; that is, both scholarly and professional. At the turn of the millennium, the journal's substantial reform of editorial policy redefined its character from a ‘presenter’ of received materials to a ‘producer’ of selected collaborative work, and enabled it to maintain editorial distinctiveness in the Chinese architectural publishing scene.This paper argues that Time + Architecture constructed a significant place for critical practice in contemporary China through the presentation of critical architecture and architectural criticism. Over the past few decades, the journal, under the editorship of Zhi Wenjun, published a number of special issues on the work of emerging independent architects such as Yung Ho Chang, Wang Shu, Liu Jiakun and others. The thematic topics, projects and criticisms presented by the journal exemplified an editorial agenda to publish innovative and exploratory work and demonstrated the editors' and contributors' collective endeavours to develop a critical discourse that confronted the dominant ideology of architecture.
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Yang, Juhua, Yun Chen, Huanjun Jiang, and Xilin Lu. "Shaking table tests on China Pavilion for Expo 2010 Shanghai China." Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings 21, no. 4 (2010): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tal.591.
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Zhang, Yina, and Jie Chen. "Housing Poverty in Post-Reform Shanghai: Profiles in 2010 and Decompositions." Open House International 40, no. 1 (2015): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2015-b0003.
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Using the latest census data (2010), this paper investigates housing poverty conditions in Shanghai, the largest city in China. The data shows that a large fraction of Shanghai households are still living in excessively over-crowded housing. Meanwhile, the incidence ratio of housing poverty among migrants is more than five times than among natives. In particular, 45% of rural migrant households were living in housing poverty. Poverty decomposition analysis shows that approximately 70% of total housing poverty in Shanghai is attributable to rural migrants. Our finding is supported by estimating the multidimensional poverty index (MPI). The findings in this paper have significant implications to general housing policy making in urban China.
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Yu, Wence, Hao Chen, and LiQiang Yang. "Overall Planning of Shanghai New Trade Zone from an Ecological Economic Perspective." Open House International 42, no. 3 (2017): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2017-b0009.
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Since the reform and opening up, the economy of China has rapidly developed. The system, structure, mode, and pattern of the foreign trade in China must be adjusted accordingly to adapt to new economic normality. In this study, the main types of free trade areas worldwide were analyzed, and the necessary conditions for their successful development were examined on the basis of an ecological economic perspective. The Shanghai free trade area is a typical representative of a new type of Trade Zone in China. It introduces the principles of sustainable development, people oriented, green, low-carbon and other eco free trade zones. The planning characteristics of Shanghai free trade zone were studied from the point of view of planning economy and land use. Taking Shanghai Yangshan land free trade zone as an example, the planning research was carried out in terms of functional zoning, environment, transportation and facilities. In summary, this study provided theoretical and technical references for the construction of free trade areas and for the formulation of significant policies.
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Zhao, Xin. "An Analysis on the Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Facilities in Shanghai Expo." Advanced Materials Research 280 (July 2011): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.280.46.
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The energy conservation and emission reduction is a necessary part for China’s economic and social development, of which the energy conservation of the building is an important aspect. Taking the energy-saving examples from Shanghai Expo which just ended, this paper analyzes the energy conservation and environmental protection facilities in the architecture design in China.
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Xue, Charlie Qiuli, and Yingchun Li. "Importing American architecture to China: the practice of John Portman & Associates in Shanghai." Journal of Architecture 13, no. 3 (2008): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602360802214786.
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Waley, Paul. "Cities in transcontinental context: A comparison of mega urban projects in Shanghai and Belgrade." Spatium, no. 30 (2013): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1330007w.
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This study of urban developments in Belgrade and Shanghai is set in the context of comparative urban research. It presents two ostensibly contrasting cities and briefly examines urban development patterns in China and Serbia before focusing more specifically on mega urban projects in the two cities - Pudong and Hongqiao in Shanghai contrasted with New Belgrade. While the historical genesis of the Chinese and Serbian projects differs markedly, together they provide complementary examples of contemporary entrepreneurial urban development in divergent settings. China and Serbia share a heritage of state ownership of urban land, and this characteristic is still very much a feature underpinning development in Shanghai and other Chinese cities, as well as in New Belgrade. In both territories, state ownership of land has contributed to a form of urban development which - it is argued in this paper - can best be seen as state-based but market-led. The comparative study that this work initiates will, it is hoped, contribute to an understanding of contextual change in the two worlds regions of East Europe and East Asia.
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Zheng, Jane. "NORMATIVE APPROACHES IN MAKING CULTURAL QUARTERS AND ASSESSMENT OF CREATIVE INDUSTRY PARKS IN SHANGHAI." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 42, no. 2 (2018): 134–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jau.2018.6212.
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This article aims to synthesize the principles of making cultural quarters in literature and test their applicability in creative industry parks in the Chinese context. Extant literature on creative industry parks in China lacks an evaluation instrument for evaluating the performance of creative industry parks. This research reviews normative theories regarding cultural quarter making and identifies three approaches, namely the area-based approach in cultural quarter design, architectural design principles (tailored to cultural quarters), and a comprehensive framework that comprises three dimensions, i.e., activity, built form, and meaning. These normative approaches were applied to evaluate the quality of creative industry parks that emerged in Shanghai in the recent decade. Qualitative research methods, including on-site reconnaissance, observation, and interview, were adopted. The former two approaches revealed good design practices in Shanghai’s creative industry parks. A systematic evaluation of the said parks through a comparative study suggests significant disparity in the dimensions of architectural design and place making. Additionally, indicators of state support for micro and small creative industry companies and arts funding are less applicable in Shanghai. These findings reveal the role of the private sector in constructing a diversified creative environment which was previously enshrined by the state. With these outcomes, this research partially endorses the value of the normative theories to guide the practice of making and evaluating cultural quarters in the Chinese context.
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Gao, Weijun, Weiding Long, Jianxing Ren, and Toshio Ojima. "Energy Consumption and its Impact on Environment in Shanghai, China." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 1, no. 1 (2002): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.1.151.
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TOSI, Maria Chiara, Margherita E. TURVANI, and Stefano MUNA RIN. "PUBLIC REALM AS CITY WELFARE & CITIZENS WELLBEING: THE CASE OF CAO YANG – SHANGHAI." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 41, no. 2 (2017): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2017.1295676.
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This paper discusses how the improvement of the quality of collective and public spaces can positively affect the wellbeing of the citizens and the welfare of the city, using as a demonstration site Cao Yang New Village, one of the first planned urban development for workers in Shanghai, China, designed and built during the Fifties of the past century, just few years later Mao Zedong proclaimed the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, on October 1, 1949. The paper shows how, by careful design interventions, the enhancement of the connectivity and of the porosity in the neighbourhood gives rise to an easier accessibility for citizens, especially for children, mothers, elderly, and people with disabilities, allowing them to get to schools, parks, sport facilities, public offices and other collective spaces, therefore improving their wellbeing. By detailed and careful design, appropriate urban policies in Chinese cities can help to respond to the citizens increasing demand for public space. Our work suggests that a similar approach should be included in many cities agenda in China, to align to the China’s New Urbanization Plan 2014–2020 that focuses on sustainable growth, improved people’s living conditions and a clearer cultural identity.
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Chang, Ning Jennifer. "Vertical Integration, Business Diversification, and Firm Architecture: The Case of the China Egg Produce Company in Shanghai, 1923–1950." Enterprise & Society 6, no. 3 (2005): 419–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700014610.
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This article is a case study of a Chinese indigenous firm in the refrigerated egg-packing industry during the interwar period. I argue that the China Egg Produce Company (CEPC) was quick to grasp Western management in terms of vertical integration and business diversification. In addition, this firm took advantage of embedded social relations and social networks to construct a strong “internal architecture.” As a result, CEPC not only rivaled some six to eight British and American enterprises, but also took the lead in persuading them to form an international cartel during the 1930s. The data presented in this case study shows the surprising vitality and adaptability of Chinese businesses and suggests that China was in the process of developing a modern business system prior to the chaotic events of the late 1940s.
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Ma, Shengming, and Kuiling Ding. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 8 (2012): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20128408iv.
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The 16th International Symposium on Organometallic Chemistry Directed Towards Organic Synthesis (OMCOS 16) was held in Shanghai, China during the period of 24-28 July 2011. It was jointly organized by the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and East China Normal University under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It was held at the Shanghai International Convention Center, located in the heart of the Lujiazui-Shanghai Financial and Trade zone, adjacent to the Oriental Pearl TV Tower and facing the multinational styles of architecture along the Bund across the Huangpu River, nicely showing part of the history and the dynamic nature of China at this moment.It was the first time for mainland China to host the OMCOS meeting following the successful series of symposia held at Fort Collins (1981), Dijon (1983), Kyoto (1985), Vancouver (1987), Florence (1989), Utrecht (1991), Kobe (1993), Santa Barbara (1995), Gottingen (1997), Versailles (1999), Taipei (2001), Toronto (2003), Geneva (2005), Nara (2007), and Glasgow (2009).The symposium program featured 11 plenary lectures, 13 invited lectures, 12 oral presentations, one OMCOS Award Lecture (sponsored by Springer Verlag and the Yen-Chuang Foundation), and one OBC Award Lecture (sponsored by the Royal Society of Chemistry). Notably, the plenary lecture given by the Nobel laureate, Prof. Ei-ichi Negishi, was delivered right after the reception dinner on 24 July. Prof. Frank Glorius from Universität Münster received the OMCOS Award, and Prof. Michael C. Willis from the University of Oxford received the OBC Award.The symposium was attended by 993 participants from 21 countries and areas. The scientific program also presented well-supported poster sessions comprising 507 posters of remarkably high quality. On the basis of assessment by the distinguished international committee, 20 posters were awarded with the OMCOS-16 Poster Prizes, sponsored by Henkel, John Wiley, IUPAC, Thieme, the Royal Society of Chemistry, and Elsevier.This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry comprises a collection of 9 papers based upon lectures delivered at OMCOS-16 (Conference Editor, Shuli You), offering the readers a glimpse of the fascinating achievements in this area communicated at the symposium.The series will continue with OMCOS-17, which will be held in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (www.omcos17.com), 28 July-1 August 2013, under the chairmanship of Prof. Tomislav Rovis.Shengming Ma and Kuiling DingConference Chairs
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Wang, Xinxin, and Chengzhao Wu. "An Observational Study of Park Attributes and Physical Activity in Neighborhood Parks of Shanghai, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (2020): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062080.
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Evidence shows that neighborhood parks provide opportunities for urban residents to participate in physical activity, but little is known about the space–behavior relationship of physical settings. This study explored the patterns of use in neighborhood parks, and focused particularly on visitors’ levels of activity supported by the specific landscape features and attributes. Behavior mapping data, including the users’ characteristics, their behaviors and activity levels, and the landscape characteristics, were obtained in three neighborhood parks of Shanghai, China. A total of 6126 park users were documented during the observations, and most of them were involved in sedentary activity. This study found that different environmental settings such as water, plaza, lawn, and architecture supported different types and levels of activity. Although more men than women visited the neighborhood parks, women were more active than men in park-based physical activity. In this Chinese sample, the findings demonstrate behavior mapping is a promising tool to measure park-based physical activity. As this study associated the levels of use with the landscape features, the results are expected to be useful in design practice for promoting regular physical activity.
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Farris, Johnathan A. "Review: Architectural Encounters with Essence and Form in Modern China by Peter G. Rowe, Seng Kuan; Shanghai: Architecture and Urbanism for Modern China by Seng Kuan, Peter G. Rowe." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 65, no. 2 (2006): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25068272.
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Wang, Zi Jia. "The World Expo in 2010 by Chinese Building Development Prospects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 924–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.924.
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2010 Shanghai World Expo will be "Better City, to make life better" as the theme, which includes five sub-themes: urban and economic development of the relationship between、cities and sustainable development of relations, urban and rural interaction between, urban and high-tech development of relations, urban and multicultural development. Its meaning is to require more livable environment, better quality of life, this is the dream of mankind in the new century. This article focuses on people-centered concept, a true understanding of human hope and desire of the prospects for urban development. Learn from the World Expo, looking back at the Chinese architectural development, we will find that China is its unprecedented pace of development and the influence and role in the world political economy and international affairs, deeply attracted worldwide attention. Only adapt to the needs of the Chinese social and economic development, according to China's development resources and environmental conditions in order to build green, ecological architecture, Chinese architecture may go down the road of sustainable development. Thus clear, Expo will not only bring a new concept of the Chinese people for building development, and also sublimation of the peace and development, mutual promotion and common progress, this is based on the eternal theme of the whole world.
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Dixon, Megan L. "The Southern Square in the Baltic Pearl: Chinese ambition and “European” architecture in St. Petersburg, Russia." Nationalities Papers 41, no. 4 (2013): 552–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2013.768218.
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The Baltic Pearl is a 205-hectare development project underway southwest of St. Petersburg, Russia, originally financed and designed by a consortium of firms from Shanghai, China. This paper analyzes the discourse surrounding the development of one section of the Baltic Pearl, the commercial multiplex Southern Square, particularly the use of the term “European” as used to signal the project's intended cultural orientation and to exert control over the interaction between Russian planners and Chinese developers. In the negotiation over the form of the multiplex, control over architectural style emerges as leverage for preservation of cultural norms and local autonomy. In further analysis, the situation emerges as an example of Sassen's [(2008)Territory, Authority, Rights. From Medieval to Global Assemblages.Princeton: Princeton University Press] shifting assemblages, that is, a reassembling of global influences in a space invoked as national as well as local.
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Chang, N. J. "Vertical Integration, Business Diversification, and Firm Architecture: The Case of the China Egg Produce Company in Shanghai, 1923-1950." Enterprise and Society 6, no. 3 (2005): 419–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/khi057.
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Chang, Shenglin Elijah. "The Trans-Pacific Status Seekers across the Straits: American suburban status United Taiwan and China." Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies 3, no. 7 (2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v3i7.265.
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Disregard the divided national status, this paper explores in more depth the role status plays in the transnational process of suburbanizing Taiwan and China. It describes how the social homogenous American suburb is becoming the most influential force within new developments in Taiwan. It records the stories of astronaut engineer families and these new “model developments” and how status objects like lower density suburbs, homogeneity¸ segregated and gated enclaves removed from existing city centers have arisen in Hsinchu, Taiwan and Shanghai, China.
 Keywords: Environment and social interaction, Cross-cultural research, Cultural landscape, Design interface
 eISSN 2514-7528 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Son, An-suk. "Research on the Development of Cities and Architecture in the Open Ports (International Settlements and Foreign Concessions) of East Asia." Impact 2021, no. 2 (2021): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.2.93.
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In the past, to get from one country to another, a long journey on a ship was required. Trade between countries was also done using ships, which transported cargo via shipping routes across the globe. Ports in specific countries accommodated trade, including in East Asia where many were opened as a result of unequal treaties with western powers. Treaty ports were often agreed after western powers such as the UK and nUS defeated military powers in China, Japan and Korea and terms favouring the successful nations were agreed. Foreigners would arrive into the treaty ports, and commodities such as restaurants, foreigners clubs, churches and racecourses were built for these new citizens. Ultimately, colonisation occurred, with areas in China, Japan and Korea being commandeered by Western ways of life. A team of researchers led by Professor An-Suk Son, Research Center for Non Written Cultural Materials, Kanagawa University, Japan, is looking at the open ports of East Asia, investigating the history and architecture of the Japanese consulate, banks, schools, hospitals and spinning companies. A key focus for the researchers is on buildings that were developed during the time of foreign settlement. Previous studies that have been done in this area have tended to focus on Shanghai in China, Yokohama in Japan and Incheon in Korea, and Son's research is innovative in that it uses new materials that have emerged in the years since, such as English newspapers, magazines, pictures, leaflets and photo books. The team also plants to build on previous studies to include places such as Qingdao and Guangzhou.
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Wang, Ting-Kwei, David N. Ford, Heap-Yih Chong, and Wei Zhang. "Causes of delays in the construction phase of Chinese building projects." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 25, no. 11 (2018): 1534–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-10-2016-0227.
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PurposeDelays during construction are one of the common scenarios in the construction industry. The purpose of this paper is to identify the primary causes of delays in the construction phase of building construction projects in China.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaire survey approach was adopted across the four typical cities in China, namely, Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing and Shenzhen. In total, 115 sets of valid responded questionnaires were collected and analyzed.FindingsThe results show that the causes of variations, delays in progress payments, exceptionally low bids and subcontractors’ poor performance and communication issues were the most important causes of delays in China.Originality/valueThis research is the first questionnaire survey on the causes of delays in the construction phase of building construction projects in China. The comparative analysis shows two unique causes of delays in the Chinese construction industry, such as “difficulty in claiming indemnity” and “unreasonable upfront capital demanded by client.” It also reveals different ranked causes of delays as per distinguished political and economic situations in China. The research findings can be referred by construction projects in other countries that are funded or partnered with China.
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HUANG, Luoyi, Jiao YAO, Wei WU, and Xiaoguang YANG. "Feasibility Analysis of Vehicle-to-vehicle Communication on Suburban Road." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 25, no. 5 (2013): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v25i5.446.
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With the evolution of advanced wireless communication technologies, tremendous efforts have been invested in vehicular networking, particularly the construction of a vehicle-to-vehicle communication system that supports high speed and mobility. In vehicle-to-vehicle communication environment, vehicles constantly exchange information using wireless technology. This paper aims to propose a vehicle-to-vehicle communication system and validate the feasibility of the system on a suburban road in China. Two vehicles were used equipped with IEEE 802.11p based DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications) device to construct a vehicle-to-vehicle communication platform. The system architecture consisting of hardware and software was described in details. Then, communication characteristics such as RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), latency and PLR (packet loss rate) were analyzed. Additionally, GPS-related information (such as ground speed and location) was obtained through field test on a suburban road in Shanghai and Taicang City. The test results demonstrate satisfactory performance of the proposed system.
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Paek, Seunghan, and Dai Whan An. "Missionary Architecture and Hybrid Modernity in Colonial Korea: The Case of Yonsei University." Open House International 42, no. 4 (2017): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2017-b0002.
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This article explores the hybrid modernity made through missionary architectural practices during colonial Korea, by examining how the master plan of Yonsei University, one of the earliest mission schools in Korea, has gone through a unique evolutionary process throughout the convoluted modern history of the twentieth century. In doing so, this article conducts a thorough visual and spatial analysis of the given case with two emphases: first, analyzing three campus master plans—produced in 1917, 1925, and 2016 respectively—in a comparative way; and second, analyzing the layout and façade composition of major buildings that comprise the campus in great details. These master plans are crucial evidences enabling us to investigate the transatlantic architectural practices in early 20th century, as Henry K. Murphy, the architect in charge of the first two master plans of Yonsei University, was one who had long practiced in New York and greatly admired the values of Asian architecture through a series of field trips to major Asian cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Tokyo, and Seoul. While the 1917 master plan was in part influenced by the Western precedents, as well as ones from Japan and China some of which Murphy himself was involved in as a master architect the 1925 case deviates from it and illustrates multiple points of transformation that go beyond spatial symmetry and visual harmony. The 1925 one is marked by the rearranged spatial disposition and façade composition of dormitories and residential halls as influenced by the geographical peculiarities of Korea at that time. Long after the revision, the third, 2016, version illustrates the much expanded, triangular shape toward the south with added buildings and facilities, while the entombment area and other historical fragments in the upper part are well preserved. Hence, this article claims that the case of Yonsei University elicits the hybridization of missionary architectural practices and local Korean culture throughout the twentieth century, which is neither subsumed by the missionaries' imposition of design ideas nor bound by the authentically Korean tradition of design.
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Zhang, Dong Xu, Da Ping Liu, Meng Xiao, and He Li. "Application of Traditional Local Materials and Suitable Technology in the Modern Low-Carbon Buildings: A Case Study of Rammed Earth Building." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.69.
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It has been the consensus shared by every member of the society that we should protect the earth, benefit the future generations and take the road of sustainable development which is natural-based and coordinated with environment carrying capacity. Currently, no one can doubt the importance of low carbon living and low carbon architecture. Numerous new materials and high technologies have been used in the country all over the world in the course of low carbon architecture’s development, some of which has had a favorable result, such as London zero carbon emissions pavilion at the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. But China still is a developing country, for various reasons, it is premature to widely promote the expensive high-tech low-carbon buildings, and especially in the vast rural areas, the traditional local materials and suitable technology still could have general applicability. This paper takes the rammed earth building as example, by introducing the history of rammed earth building, the application status and some of the latest instances, and summarizes several advantages of rammed earth building: the first is that easy manufacturing processing could reduce the energy consumption; the second is that local materials could lower transportation costs; the third is that the clay materials with good thermal performance such as heat insulation and moisture property could ensure comfortable indoor environment, the last is that long service life and easy reclamation could recycle building materials. Then the author looks forward to the future development trends of rammed earth buildings, explores the new construction practices of rammed earth buildings. Finally this paper concludes that traditional local materials and suitable technology would play an important role in the modern low-carbon architecture.
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Xue, Charlie Qiuli, Cong Sun, and Lujia Zhang. "PRODUCING CULTURAL SPACE IN THE CHINESE CITIES: A CASE STUDY OF GRAND THEATERS IN SHANGHAIPRODUCING CULTURAL SPACE IN THE CHINESE CITIES: A CASE STUDY OF GRAND THEATERS IN SHANGHAI." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 44, no. 1 (2020): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jau.2020.10800.
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Following the rapid pace of urbanisation, Chinese cities have launched a new wave of large-scale infrastructure, including cultural building construction. From 1998 to 2015, more than 360 grand theaters were built together with libraries, museums and children’s palaces. The number of newly built theaters may have been more than the total sum built in Europe over the past 70 years. Through case studies of theaters built in Shanghai, this paper penetrates the phenomenon of the “heat of cultural buildings” and discovers the history, intentions and effects of these theaters on Chinese cities. Following on-site investigation of the city and theaters, the materials of theater building in China are presented. Theaters of various types are discussed in the framework of urban space, design language and consumerist culture. The authors find that the rapid growth of cultural facilities epitomises the ambition and strong implementation of Chinese (and Asian) governments in the wave of urbanisation and globalization.
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Yang, Yingnan, Yidan Zhang, and Hongming Xie. "Exploring Cultivation Path of Building Information Modelling in China: An Analysis from the Perspective of an Innovation Ecosystem." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (2020): 6902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176902.
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Ecosystem theory provides a new perspective for studying the development of the architecture engineering and construction (AEC) industry in the age of information and communication technology (ICT). As an extremely ICT innovation, building information modelling (BIM) not only brings technical benefits to the AEC industry, but changes the innovation paradigm of the AEC industry towards an innovation ecosystem, which improve productivity and sustainability throughout the project life cycle. This article contributes to innovation ecosystem theory by exploring the structure of the BIM ecosystem and deriving its cultivation path. Then, as the leading city in China for developing BIM technologies, Shanghai was selected as the case study to elaborate on the cultivation path of the BIM ecosystem. The results indicate that three layers identified in the structure contribute to the understanding of the boundaries, units, and analytical focus of the BIM ecosystem, with the BIM platform being the core layer. This topology structure, with the BIM platform as the hub, promotes interdependency and symbiosis among participants in the cultivation of the BIM ecosystem, supporting the birth, expansion, maturity, re-innovation (or extinction), and sustainable development of the BIM ecosystem. This research complements and extends literature on the BIM ecosystem, and provides implications as to the construction, cultivation, and sustainability of BIM ecosystems for emerging economy firms.
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Jones, Peter Blundell. "The lure of the Orient: Scharoun and Häring's East-West connections." Architectural Research Quarterly 12, no. 1 (2008): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135508000912.
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Among Hugo Häring's papers in the Häring archive of the Akademie der Künste in Berlin are the minutes of six meetings entitled Discussions about Chinese Architecture held on Fridays and once on a Saturday dating from November 1941 to May 1942. The persons involved are Hugo Häring, Hans Scharoun, Chen Kuan Lee and John Scott. Of Scott, a Germanised American, we know little: it seems his wife Gerda worked at Häring's art school. But Chen Kuan Lee is a key figure in this story. Born in Shanghai in 1919, he had arrived in Berlin in 1935 to study architecture under Hans Poelzig, completing the course in 1939. He then became Scharoun's assistant until 1941, working on the private houses that provided a limited creative opportunity under the Nazis. Lee returned to Scharoun's office in 1949, remaining there until 1953, one of only four assistants during the crucial period of 1951/1952 when Scharoun's new architecture was under development with key projects such as the Darmstadt School and Kassel Theatre. In between, Lee served as an assistant to Ernst Boerschmann (1873–1949), the great German investigator of Chinese culture and author of several books on Chinese architecture. Boerschmann had visited China from 1906 to 1909, when he was sent by the German government to make a comprehensive cultural study, rather as Hermann Muthesius had been sent to England in 1896. To complete Lee's biography, in 1954 he set up as an architect on his own account, building several Chinese restaurants, more than 30 private houses and some apartment blocks in a Scharoun-like manner [1], some spatially very interesting, but this kind of work went out of fashion with the advent of postmodernism in the 1980s and Lee died quite recently in obscurity.
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Zhao, Mengmeng, Jian Zhang, and Jun Cai. "Influences of new high-rise buildings on visual preference evaluation of original urban landmarks：a case study in Shanghai, China." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 19, no. 3 (2020): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2020.1729769.
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Han, Yong, Tongxin Peng, Cheng Wang, Zhihao Zhang, and Ge Chen. "A Hybrid GLM Model for Predicting Citywide Spatio-Temporal Metro Passenger Flow." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 4 (2021): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10040222.
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Accurate prediction of citywide short-term metro passenger flow is essential to urban management and transport scheduling. Recently, an increasing number of researchers have applied deep learning models to passenger flow prediction. Nevertheless, the task is still challenging due to the complex spatial dependency on the metro network and the time-varying traffic patterns. Therefore, we propose a novel deep learning architecture combining graph attention networks (GAT) with long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, which is called the hybrid GLM (hybrid GAT and LSTM Model). The proposed model captures the spatial dependency via the graph attention layers and learns the temporal dependency via the LSTM layers. Moreover, some external factors are embedded. We tested the hybrid GLM by predicting the metro passenger flow in Shanghai, China. The results are compared with the forecasts from some typical data-driven models. The hybrid GLM gets the smallest root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) in different time intervals (TIs), which exhibits the superiority of the proposed model. In particular, in the TI 10 min, the hybrid GLM brings about 6–30% extra improvements in terms of RMSE. We additionally explore the sensitivity of the model to its parameters, which will aid the application of this model.
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Lin, Yaolin, Luqi Zhao, Xiaohong Liu, Wei Yang, Xiaoli Hao, and Lin Tian. "Design Optimization of a Passive Building with Green Roof through Machine Learning and Group Intelligent Algorithm." Buildings 11, no. 5 (2021): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11050192.
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This paper proposed an optimization method to minimize the building energy consumption and visual discomfort for a passive building in Shanghai, China. A total of 35 design parameters relating to building form, envelope properties, thermostat settings, and green roof configurations were considered. First, the Latin hypercube sampling method (LHSM) was used to generate a set of design samples, and the energy consumption and visual discomfort of the samples were obtained through computer simulation and calculation. Second, four machine learning prediction models, including stepwise linear regression (SLR), back-propagation neural networks (BPNN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) models, were developed. It was found that the BPNN model performed the best, with average absolute relative errors of 3.27% and 1.25% for energy consumption and visual comfort, respectively. Third, six optimization algorithms were selected to couple with the BPNN models to find the optimal design solutions. The multi-objective ant lion optimization (MOALO) algorithm was found to be the best algorithm. Finally, optimization with different groups of design variables was conducted by using the MOALO algorithm with the associated outcomes being analyzed. Compared with the reference building, the optimal solutions helped reduce energy consumption up to 34.8% and improved visual discomfort up to 100%.
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Litvinova, T. N. "Russia in the Greater Eurasian Partnership: from Civilization Theory to Political Practice." Journal of Law and Administration 16, no. 2 (2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2020-2-55-33-42.
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Introduction. The article overviews the place of Russia in the promotion and construction of the Greater Eurasian partnership. The idea of this partnership was proposed by President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin for the interfacing of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) and the Chinese transport initiative “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR).Materials and methods. The study is based on the synthesis of the civilizational concept of Eurasianism and the theory of international integration. The work analyses official documents of EEU and Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), declarations of their officials, screening mass media, trade and economic statistics.Results. The statistics show that EEU is gaining success, although at present its developed is slowing. Third countries still play a significant role in foreign trade and investments of EEU member states. China competes with Russia for the dominance in Central Asia. The interface of EEU and SCO integration processes, as well as the Chinese initiative “One Belt, One Road” should be developed in view of Russia’s interests.Discussion and conclusion. The Greater Eurasian partnership can be considered as component of a new world architecture underlied by the system of regional and interregional economic and integration groups. The post-Soviet countries of Eurasia are united by a common history, civilizational and cultural prerequisites for integration with the unifying role of Russia. No serious project on the continent can be implemented without its participation.
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Kohn, Eugene. "The business of skyscrapers." Architectural Research Quarterly 15, no. 2 (2011): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135511000686.
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Eugene (Gene) Kohn is one of the founders of Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates, or KPF. As the firm's website puts it, he has been responsible for developing ‘a global strategy that has made the firm into a global player’. Some idea of the scale of the operation may be gained from the fact that they are presently working in sixteen different cities in China and that their completed work there includes the world's third and fourth highest buildings (Shanghai World Financial Center, 2008, at 492 metres and the International Commerce Centre in Hong Kong, 2010, at 484 metres). By comparison, their spiralling Pinnacle building, on site in London just a mile from where I meet Gene Kohn, is a baby at 288 metres, though still comfortably within the world's tallest 100. Such league tables go with the territory. So it seems do jolly nicknames – such as Helter Skelter (for the Pinnacle), Shard, Walkie-Talkie, Cheese Grater and Gherkin – whose kindergarten quality belies the highly competitive market they represent for architects and their clients as well as their users. As a business, KPF itself was successful almost as soon as it opened its doors in 1976. The timing and manner of that beginning are revealing. Kohn's partners were both good friends but chosen for different reasons, in the case of Sheldon Fox because he was, as Kohn told me, ’more of a manager, a fine architect but extremely conservative … I thought it would be good if somebody who wasn't like me shared the balance‘ [with Bill Pedersen]
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Song, Xin-Yi, Ya Gao, Yubo Peng, Sen Huang, Chao Liu, and Zhong-Ren Peng. "A machine learning approach to modelling the spatial variations in the daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) of Shanghai, China." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 48, no. 3 (2021): 467–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808320975031.
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It is challenging to forecast high-resolution spatial-temporal patterns of intra-urban air pollution and identify impacting factors at the regional scale. Studies have attempted to capture features of air pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) using land use regression models, but this method overlooks the multi-collinearity of factors, non-linear correlations between factors and air pollutants, and it fails to perform well when processing daily data. However, machine learning is a feasible approach for establishing persuasive intra-urban air pollution daily variation models. In this article, random forest is utilised to establish intra-urban PM2.5 and NO2 spatial-temporal variation models and is compared to the traditional land use regression method. Taking the city of Shanghai, China as the case area, 36 station-measured daily records in two and a half years of PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were collected. And over 80 different predictors associated with meteorological and geographical conditions, transportation, community population density, land use and points of interest are used to construct the land use regression and random forest models. Results from the two methods are compared and impacting factors identified. Explained variance ( R2) is used to quantify and compare model performance. The final land use regression model explains 49.3% and 42.2% of the spatial variation in ambient PM2.5 and NO2, respectively, whereas the random forest model explains 78.1% and 60.5% of the variance. Regression mappings for unsampled sites on a grid pattern of 1 km × 1 km are also implemented. The random forest model is shown to perform much better than the land use regression model. In general, the findings suggest that the random forest approach offers a robust improvement in predicting performance compared to the land use regression model in estimating daily spatial variations in ambient PM2.5 and NO2.
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Liang, Xiaodan. "The design and development of sustainable office building base on the upgraded target in Shanghai." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 04032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123604032.
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Shanghai, which is the heart of economical centre in china, is developing even faster. The office building is perhaps the most important kind of building type along with the economic development trend. This paper study the design and development of the representative sustainable office building cases in different developing stage in Shanghai from the perspective of architectural design. And conclude the effective sustainable design and management ways by the cases to summarize some references and suggestion of sustainable office. And then the reflecting on the pre-preparation, the controlling of process and the technology selection in the whole design of the sustainable office building in Shanghai.
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Van, Shanshan, Alexey Cheremisin, Alexey Glinushkin, Victor Krasnoshchekov, Roman Davydov, and Victoria Yushkova. "Application of new architectural and planning solutions to create an ecological city (on the example of Shanghai, China)." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 09008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914009008.
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This article represents the results of research on improvement of the Shanghai micro-district with the use of selected eco-friendly architectural and planning solutions and identification of the main ways to solve the problem of eco-urban development in Shanghai which are the following: land management, population management, clean energy sources and “green” consumption. Research is based on analysis and calculations on main trends of the theory and practical experience of construction of eco-cities in China and in the world.
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Zhang, Yin Hui, and Qin Yan. "Application of Energy-Saving Technology for Public Building Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 2273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.2273.
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Energy-saving technology has developed with the rapid development of economy in our country. Experts pay more attention to the construction of green environmental protection of energy conservation and emissions reduction in the process of urbanization. The public building is an important part of architectural design. It promotes social progress and innovation. It is not only saving the resources, alleviating the energy crisis, but also improves people’s life quality for using energy-saving technology in public construction projects. We can improve the overall quality of construction projects and reduce the waste of resources in public construction projects. Based on the case of the cultural center of Shanghai Expo, we analyzed its energy saving technology and summarized the application of energy-saving technology in the design of public buildings in China.
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Dong, Chunfang, and Jing Xiao. "Densifying Lilong:." idea journal 15, no. 1 (2018): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37113/ideaj.vi0.49.
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 This paper examines theories of urbanisation and redevelopment in contemporary China. Reviewing the historical transformation of urban Shanghai, it argues that routine urban policies are insufficient for redeveloping the colonial urban context of traditional shikumen lilong housing. The paper identifies that a more humanistic, micro-scale design strategy – ‘S.O.F.T.’ guideline – from the perspective of architectural and interior design may help modernise and densify the interior residential efficiency in protected districts without interfering with external urban patterns. It is concerned with aspects of supplementary function, spatial optimisation and structural technique and secures the financing basis from stakeholders by transforming the design activity into cultural products of consumption. In this way, it encourages a grassroots manner of interior redevelopment especially for the districts where preservation ordinances often limit the potential gentrification of external urban fabrics and life patterns.
 
 
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Gu, Guangtong, and Bing Xu. "Housing Market Hedonic Price Study Based on Boosting Regression Tree." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 21, no. 6 (2017): 1040–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2017.p1040.
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Based on the purchase price data of new real estate markets three cities in China, Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, including architectural features, neighborhood property features, and location features, in this study a boosting regression tree model was built to study the factors and the influence path of housing prices from the microcosmic perspective. First, a classical hedonic price model was constructed to analyze and compare the significant effect factors on housing prices in the market segments of the three cities. Second, the gradient boosting regression tree method that is proposed in this paper was applied to the three markets in combination to analyze the influence paths and factors and the importance of the type of housing hedonic price. The influence paths of housing hedonic prices and decision tree rules are visualized. The significant housing features are effectively extracted. Finally, we present three main conclusions and several suggestions for policy makers to improve urban functions while stabilizing real estate prices.
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Li, Jiang, Beverly Yiyao Wang, Magalie Nelson, et al. "Salivary Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified: A Collection of Orphans." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 128, no. 12 (2004): 1385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2004-128-1385-sanosa.
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Abstract Context.—Salivary adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, refers to gland-forming malignancies that do not satisfy the diagnostic requirements of other “named” malignancies. Objective.—To review the features of 11 patients with salivary adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified. To also compare the diagnostic frequencies of 2 databases, one from the Mount Sinai Medical Center (New York, NY), the other from the Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital (Shanghai, People's Republic of China). Design.—Pathology files were searched to establish a database of salivary tumors. All available hematoxylin-eosin– stained slides from the resection specimens diagnosed as either adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, or with vague or unusual diagnoses (eg, probable carcinoma-ex-pleomorphic adenoma) were pulled from our files and reexamined. Dates of death were confirmed with the Social Security Death Index. Results.—We identified 11 patients with salivary adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, ranging in age from 49 to 80 years (median, 67 years), with a male preponderance. The parotid gland was the most common site of tumor origin. Ten of these tumors were high grade, and 1 was intermediate grade. Two patients were diagnosed at stage II, while the remaining patients were diagnosed at stage III or IV. Histologically, all tumors were invasive, with variable glandular differentiation and diverse architectural patterns. The diverse cytologic tumor cell types included cuboidal, columnar, epithelioid, polygonal, oncocytoid, clear, melanoma-like, mucinous, sebaceous, and plasmacytoid. Four patients died after 4 to 27 months (mean, 15 months), 1 patient is alive with disease at 12 months, 1 patient is disease-free at 14 years, and 3 patients remain disease-free after short follow-ups (10, 12, and 12 months). One patient had surgery just recently, and the remaining patient had no follow-up. Conclusions.—Salivary adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, is an aggressive, high-grade malignancy, with a predisposition for the parotid gland. It is characterized by cytologic and architectural diversity and an invasive growth pattern.
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Zhang, Xue, Xie, Zhang, and Lu. "Structural Monitoring and Safety Assessment during Translocation of Mahavira Hall of Jade Buddha Temple." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (2019): 5477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195477.
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The Mahavira Hall of the Jade Buddha Temple in Shanghai, China is a century-old traditional timber structure with a post-and-lintel construction. To improve the temple’s architectural layout and enhance the lintel structural integrity, the Mahavira Hall was moved 30.66 m and then elevated 1.05 m in September 2017. To assist in the structural translocation and uplift, the authors designed a monitoring system to continuously measure the relative displacement and inclination of the overall structure, individual components, and inside statues to ensure the integrity of the hall and its contents. This article presents and summarizes the priority issues and principles of monitoring the ancient Chinese timber structure. The time series of monitored data are decimated in order to minimize the fluctuation of data. The structural integrity of the Mahavira Hall was evaluated based on the inclination angle of its vital members. Finally, combined with the limit value regulated by code and the predicted early warning threshold values, which are based on extreme value theory, the effect of the translocation on the structural performance was obtained using fuzzy logic.
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Van, Shanshan, Alexey Cheremisin, Alexander Chusov, et al. "New architectural and planning solutions as a mean of ecological modernization and reconstruction of urban environment (on the example of Shanghai city, China)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 390 (November 24, 2019): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/390/1/012011.
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Li, Yuan, Jingsui Yang, Yildirim Dilek, et al. "Crustal architecture of the Shangdan suture zone in the early Paleozoic Qinling orogenic belt, China: Record of subduction initiation and backarc basin development." Gondwana Research 27, no. 2 (2015): 733–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2014.03.006.
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Liu, Mengchuan, Yi-Wen Wang, and Christian Nolf. "Creative Chinese Countryside? Township-Village Enterprises as Incubators." Built Heritage 3, no. 4 (2019): 72–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03545720.
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AbstractSince the turn of the century, creative industries have displayed considerable power in transforming the social and economic landscapes of most global metropolises, including such Chinese mega-cities as Beijing and Shanghai. However, the story of creative industries does not end there. Recent studies have focused on the role of creative sector in the countryside. It has been argued that the creative sector can effectively contribute to diversifying socio-economic development in rural areas by increasing employment, enhancing the quality of life, and promoting social inclusion and community development. With the aim to chart new paths for China’s rural revitalisation and address the country’s ‘three rural issues’ (i.e. agriculture, rural areas and farmers), this paper examines the potentials and challenges to developing the creative sector in rural China. It first reviews the academic debate about expanding the development of creative industries from urban to rural areas. Drawing on the research and classification of creative industries in rural Western Ireland, this study identifies industries characterised by ‘content creation and production’ and ‘creative design services’, which would have potential in rural China. The major impediments to and crucial factors for developing rural creative industries in China are investigated and appraised within the framework of ‘creative people, creative place, and creative support’. After analysing emerging practices in Jiangsu Province, this paper highlights the potential of abandoned industrial complexes in rural parts of China’s coastal regions, which can act as incubators for creative industries. Those former manufacturing plants are the remains of township-village enterprises (TVEs), which constituted part of China’s flagship policy for rural regeneration in the 1980s. Not only do they have special architectural attributes favourable for creative production, but also represent the socio-economic entity of the village collective and are the carriers of cultural meanings and memories. This paper concludes with a set of recommendations for both public and private sectors. It calls for a more proactive stance from governments to promote the creative sector in rural areas and revitalise rural economies and communities through the reuse or regeneration of former TVEs.
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Parker, Ben. "Made for China: Localizations of International Architecture in China, 2001-2018." KnE Social Sciences, November 19, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i27.5514.
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To date, the story of architectural production in 21st century China has focused on institutions and actors in an ever-globalizing system of practice [1–4]. This worthy approach nevertheless obscures opposite yet equally significant trends, namely the localization of architectural products. Architectural practices are indeed becoming moreglobal,andyettheirworkis—withnotableexceptions—morefrequentlyconvicted of a necessity for localization, such that two buildings designed by an American firm, one in California and the other in Shanghai, should not be indistinguishable from each other. Thus, a more complete telling of this story demands an investigation of how the local and the national are represented materially in work that is, structurally, international. Through a close reading of several iconic buildings in China designed by international architects, this contribution proposes a framework for categorizing localization strategies. In addition, it investigates the origins of the localization imperative both in general and specific to China. These findings amplify architecture’s cross-cultural vocabulary and improve the ability of architectural practices to consider the cultural sited-ness of their work not only in China but around the world.
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Gutiérrez, Alejandro. "Nueva ciudad de Dongtan: Shanghai, China." ARQ (Santiago), no. 60 (July 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-69962005006000008.
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