Journal articles on the topic 'Architecture citations development'

Although the Pritzker Architecture Prize is prestigious and highly influential, it has not been the subject of any coherent studies to date. This research investigates the network of sponsors, the jury members influential on the nomination process, as well as the discourses dominant during each year of the prize. In the first section, we examine the network of sponsors using the bibliography method. In the second section, we study the contents of the annual jury citations using the content analysis method. The second section shows that each announcement contains four parts and various sub-parts. we compare the results of both sections to draw a content map of the various years of the prize. Finally, we attempted to evaluate the relationship between the jury members and their cooperation network with the discourses formed over time.

The article is dedicated to the influence of antiquity on the formation of Thomas Jefferson’s system of philosophical, political, scientific and artistic views. Specificity of philosophical and cultural space of Europe and North America is considered, as well as conditions of education and personal development of Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson’s works are analyzed, direct citations and references to antique philosophers and writers are noted, likewise political ideas of Thomas Jefferson, that are grounded on antique history. Tendency to identification antique history, philosophy and literature as sample and guidance in publicistic and literary works of Thomas Jefferson is pointed out. In the article are revised influences of antiquity on the following spheres of Thomas Jefferson’s activity: organization of education, law, governance, architecture. In the educational development Thomas Jefferson propagated broad studying of antique history and classical languages that might be the basis for education and personality development. Antique examples were the foundation of Thomas Jefferson’s ideas about citizenship, nation and slavery, principles of the classical republicanism and organization of public administration are grounded on the same samples. Thomas Jefferson’s personal ambivalence in the questions of patriotism as dualism in relations “citizen of the state – citizen of the USA” is noted. Some attention is paid to the architectural works of Thomas Jefferson. He followed the best antique masterpieces in his own architectural projects and laid the foundation of American classicism in the architecture of 19th century.

Prefabricated building has become one of the most significant research directions in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry and has attracted a large number of scholars and practitioners in recent years. However, few studies have conducted a systematic review on the development of prefabricated building research around the world. In this study, the scientometric method is used to analyze the literature on prefabricated buildings in the past ten years through analysis of co-authors, co-words, and co-citation. From the Web of Science (WOS) core collection database, a total of 1224 articles were collected for statistics and analysis. The analysis results indicated that Bruno Dal Lago obtained the maximum number of co-citations, and the most significant country/region and research institution in prefabricated building research were China and Tongji University, respectively. It was also found that engineering, civil engineering, and construction and building technology were the top three subject categories that prefabricated building research belonged to. Among all the keywords of the collected articles, citation bursts were received by “cladding panel,” “precast concrete,” and “project.” Moreover, there were 11 co-citation clusters identified from the articles, and their themes included precast structures, waste management, progressive collapse, delay, precast facades, carbon reduction, laser scanning, and prefabricated residential building. This paper is expected to provide researchers and practitioners in this field a detailed and in-depth understanding of the trend and status of global research on prefabricated buildings.

The article searches for and analyzes stable scientific discourse patterns within the subject area named by means of bibliometric tools. To achieve this goal it uses analytical opportunities provided by the Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU. Its platform has a selection of Russian research papers studying virtual reconstructions of historical and cultural heritage objects. The author has selected a pool of highly cited works and by means of Gephi software has created an oriented graph that provided for visualizing the links between the selected works, identifying "sub-subject" areas and finding their interaction and mutual influence within this research domain. The research novelty is the use of citation data to identify and analyze the structure of communications in this subject area. As a result, the article clarifies and supplements the existing typology of this research field. The author has distinguished seven relatively independent types of virtual reconstruction technologies use in history and has identified the leading research teams affiliated with Moscow State University, Siberian Federal University, Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Moscow Institute of Architecture and Center for Virtual History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is these research groups whose papers have had a significant theoretical and methodological influence on other authors in the process of formation and development of this research domain and thus confirmed their scientific value.

ABSTRACT Green Building Construction (GBC) is considered as an advancement towards sustainable development and providing a balance among health, economics, and social problems. Many countries have adopted various policies for GBC according to their conditions and regulations, including incentives and deterring programs. This study reviews a scientometric analysis of some published articles on the policies, incentives, and barriers to GBC from 1990 to 2019. The required data has been collected from the Web of Science (WoS) database, and then analyzed using Histcite, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer software. To accomplish this study, many items have been identified and ranked such as top journals, keyword co-occurrence networks, cluster analysis, the strongest citation burst, co-citation articles, most citations per year, and countries’ contribution to publishing, for the last three decades. Examining the trend of changes in publication of the related papers and interpretations of the analyses can be used for future research in each of the components, in addition to the creation of a knowledge-based view of past studies.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the current practice, challenges and future development trends of intelligent compaction (IC) technology from a bibliometric perspective. Design/methodology/approach A bibliometric analysis on IC-relevant studies is presented. Through this quantitative manner, insights into the current IC research practice and development trends have been derived from the perspectives of publications and citations, spatial distribution, knowledge construction, structural variations, existing problems, and conclusions and recommendations. Findings Currently, IC applications are confronted with the issues of intelligent compaction measurement values (ICMVs) applicability, autonomous control, specifications and applications. To address the issues, three potential research directions are identified: a comprehensive ICMV measurement system that is designated for single layer analysis; autonomous control mechanisms with integrated management capabilities that can efficiently collaborate all stakeholders; and a standardized application workflow and the cost-benefit evaluation of IC in the context of the full life cycle. Research limitations/implications The literature used in this paper is collected from the Web of Science. Although the database covers almost all the important publications in IC field, studies not indexed by the database are not considered. Originality/value This research quantitatively analyzes the current IC practice and development trends from the perspectives of bibliometric analysis. It provides an overview of the knowledge construction and development of IC technology. The discussions about the problems and the suggested solutions can be useful for those interested in this field.

With the development of high-tech, digital cities and other information means, higher education is an important part of modern talent training. The construction of higher education is also related to the university system, the construction of university campuses, and the connotation of university culture. Therefore, the construction of university campuses has long been an issue of academic concern. Therefore, the influence of university campus architects also provides a good environment for university campus construction and university culture and provides a new research direction for higher education campus architecture. This paper uses CiteSpace software and Web of Science visual analysis platform to conduct text mining and visual analysis of the existing literature in the international Web of Science academic database and plot the number of published papers, subject distribution, and frequent citations of "University Campus Architect Research". A knowledge graph of literature and research hotspots, research topics, and research trends. Combing the current research status of University Campus Architect, we hope to provide theoretical support for further research on improving higher education campus construction and the frontier dynamics of academic research.

Digitisation of the built environment is seen as a significant factor for innovation in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operation sector. However, lack of data and information in as-built digital models considerably limits the potential of Building Information Modelling in Facility Management. Therefore, optimisation of data collection and management is needed, all the more so now that Industry 4.0 has widened the use of sensors into buildings and infrastructures. A literature review on the two main pillars of digitalisation in construction, Building Information Modelling and Internet of Things, is presented, along with a bibliographic analysis of two citations and abstracts databases focusing on the operations stage. The bibliographic research has been carried out using Web of Science and Scopus databases. The article is aimed at providing a detailed analysis of BIM–IoT integration for Facility Management (FM) process improvements. Issues, opportunities and areas where further research efforts are required are outlined. Finally, four key areas of further research development in FM management have been proposed, focusing on optimising data collection and management.

Megaproject practices worldwide have triggered increasing research in megaproject management issues and led to an increasing number of papers being published during the last decade. However, it is demonstrated by the literature that there is no systematic examination on research development in the discipline of megaproject management, and consequently it is very difficult for scholars to quickly understand and grasp the research trend. Therefore, a research question naturally comes out, i.e., what is the status quo of megaproject management research and what are the research directions worthy of further investigation? This study aims to answer the question by conducting a systematic examination of the research development in the discipline of megaproject management. A total of 117 relevant articles, identified from six major international journals between 2009 and 2021, were analyzed based on the number of papers published annually, main author contributions, citations, categorization of the research methods and data analysis methods adopted, and research topics covered. The results indicated that developed countries, such as Australia, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom, have enjoyed significant advantages in terms of megaproject management research. It also revealed that more sophisticated views and theory have been used effectively, rather than only basic qualitative methods, in a number of studies on megaproject management. Future studies on megaproject management will be led globally, where megaprojects will remain designed and built to better built environments. In addition, continuous in-depth research on related topics can promote innovation in megaproject management to achieve sustainable megaproject development. Megaproject management will continue to be a hot research topic in the future; in particular, megaproject investment and finance management have emerged as new challenging topics. The findings can be valuable for both industry practitioners and researchers to gain deeper understanding of the current status and future directions of megaproject management research.

Introduction. The Covid 19 pandemic has challenged SMEs to continue to innovate, develop and maintain sustainability. Various efforts have been made to be able to have performance and competitiveness. Covid-19 provides lessons on how SMEs must be agile and resilient to turbulence, especially the global crisis so that they can carry out risk mapping, take important lessons and build relevant strategies. Aims and Task. This study aims to map the literature on organizational agility and organizational resilience in SMEs by conducting a bibliography analysis on 932 papers published in 2010-2021 in the Scopus bibliography. Result. Based on the results of the network visualization, there are seven main clusters. From the results of the overlay visualization, a supply chain is the most important variable concerning organizational agility and organizational resilience in realizing sustainability. Meanwhile, in the density visualization aspect, variables with a very high probability as future research topics such as supply management, supply chain sustainability, sustainable development goals, human resource management, chain resilience, sustainable supply chain management, agile, urban resilience, visibility, supply chain design, resilient supplier selection, and enterprise architecture. Conclusion. The present study produces a visual trend of organizational agility and resilience in SMEs sector that can be used as a references, guidance and proposed for further researchers in exploring research topics, bridging the gap in the literature, building expertise in related topic, increasing the number of citations, and enhance international networking among authors all around the world. Research regarding organizational agility and resilience could be a strategic and essential because of every organization need to sustain their existance, minimize potential risk both financial and non-financial.

As the title implies the paper deals with the architectural and design features of the Orthodox Churches of the Western Ukrainian Diaspora, the principles of their placement in the development of cities and towns. The purpose of the publication is to study the Orthodox architecture of the Ukrainian diaspora, to determine the main stages of formation, development of Orthodox Church building outside Ukraine. The article spotlights a number of political, economic and social circumstances that have forced many Ukrainians to travel to other countries. The four largest waves of immigration have been identified. The importance of religion in the formation of the Ukrainian diaspora, which united immigrants, helped to organize their cultural and artistic aspects of life; revive traditions; to study the native Ukrainian language and be in the circle of like-minded people. Thus, Ukrainian Orthodox church architecture developed and became outside the ethnic Ukrainian lands. At the moment, there is a lack of sufficient scientific base that covers the sacred development of the Ukrainian diaspora, especially Orthodox church architecture. The article presents scholars who have studied the architecture, art, culture and Orthodox shrines of the Ukrainian diaspora. The article examines countries such as Canada, the United States, Australia and Western Europe. The author identifies architectural and design features and urban planning principles based on four architectural and spatial types. Such stylistic trends as: eclectic were common; "Citation" of a certain style of architecture or "stylization"; creative reworking of historical styles of Ukrainian architecture "stylization"; modernist-abstract, which is characterized by geometrization and continuous simplification of form. To illustrate these statements, the author of the article developed diagrams and tables. In conclusion, the purpose and objectives of the publication based on the studied temples were revealed. About 180 Orthodox churches in Canada, 60 churches in the United States, 12 Orthodox churches in Australia and sacred buildings in Western Europe of the Ukrainian diaspora were analyzed.

The article “The role of visual preferences in architecture views” by Ali Akbar Amini, Bahman Adibzadeh, published on 24 September 2020 in the Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 44(2), 122–127, https://doi.org/10.3846/jau.2020.12582 contained a following errors on: 122 p. The source is incorrectly cited in the text. The correct citation is: (de la Fuente Suárez, 2016) 126 p. The references incorrectly indicate author name, lastname and title of article. The correct citation is: de la Fuente Suárez, L. A. (2016). Towards experiential representation in architecture. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 40(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1163243 Corrected version of the article is available online. The publisher apologises for this error.

ObjectiveAbout 2% of all pregnancies are complicated by the implantation of the zygote outside the uterine cavity and termed ectopic pregnancy. Whereas a multitude of guidelines exists and related research is constantly growing, no thorough assessment of the global research architecture has been performed yet. Hence, we aim to assess the associated scientific activities in relation to geographical and chronological developments, existing research networks and socioeconomic parameters.DesignRetrospective, descriptive study.SettingOn the basis of the NewQIS platform, scientometric methods were combined with novel visualising techniques such as density-equalising mapping to assess the scientific output on ectopic pregnancy. Using the Web of Science, we identified all related entries from 1900 to 2012.Results8040 publications were analysed. The USA and the UK were dominating the field in regard to overall research activity (2612 and 723 publications), overall citation numbers and country-specific H-Indices (US: 80, UK: 42). Comparison to economic power of the most productive countries demonstrated that Israel invested more resources in ectopic pregnancy-related research than other nations (853.41 ectopic pregnancy-specific publications per 1000 billlion US$ gross domestic product (GDP)), followed by the UK (269.97). Relation to the GDP per capita index revealed 49.3 ectopic pregnancy-specific publications per US$1000 GDP per capita for the USA in contrast to 17.31 for the UK. Semiqualitative indices such as country-specific citation rates ranked Switzerland first (24.7 citations per ectopic pregnancy-specific publication), followed by the Scandinavian countries Finland and Sweden. Low-income countries did not exhibit significant research activities.ConclusionsThis is the first in-depth analysis of global ectopic pregnancy research since 1900. It offers unique insights into the global scientific landscape. Besides the USA and the UK, Scandinavian countries and Switzerland can also be regarded as leading nations with regard to their relative socioeconomic input.

Abstract. Issues are discussed regarding the means of decorative and artistic expression in folk architecture (ornamental and plastic decor, artistic carving and painting, artistic forging), which are characterized by a certain symbolism that has developed in traditions. The type of the original form (natural, objective, constructive), which is the basis of the ideological and creative concept, is not always obvious, especially in geometrized, complexly stylized contours, that is why it is recognized only as a result of stage-by-stage research. The process of forming a decorative element is read through visual and morphological analysis. The author formulated the following research objectives: to discover the connection between the initial form and the final artistic image in the decor of traditional residential architecture; to identify the varieties of initial forms ‒ figurative prototypes; to reveal the course of compositional complication in the process of forming decorative means of expressiveness; provide relevant illustrative examples. The article examines the architectural decor used both on the residential building itself (wall planes, pediments, pilasters, etc.), and within the estate. Sometimes there are no analogues, and the creation of decorative furnishings is conditioned by a clear adherence to natural samples, and in some compositions there may be direct borrowings (citation) of stylistically established and well-known examples inherent in urban buildings. Comparing the samples of a certain ornamental motif, it is noticed that the drawn version can subsequently form the basis of the relief or sculptural variants, and the prototype shape predetermines the place (by the similarity of the contour features) for placing the decor. Hence - important observations about what kind of people may be inherent in the use of certain artistically designed architectural details. The table illustrates decorative elements of residential buildings and estates (stylization and transformation of the original form, the development of constructive and compositional design). Examples of the formation of folk decor in the traditional residential architecture of the Slavic and Romanic peoples (Ukrainians, Russians, Bulgarians, Moldavians, Romanians) are given. Conclusions are made and prospects for further research on this topic are highlighted.

2006 was our 30th year of publication - quite a feat considering that our financial muscle is dependent on a relatively small group of subscribers and seven institutional subscribers. Like a poor distant Elsevier relative we had no cash to have a party or to give away subscriptions but we did look around and say that we had achieved a lot with some color issues, a web site and some double length issues. In 2006, Open House International was covered by the Thomson ISI products namely, The Social Science Citation Index, The Arts & Humanities Citation Index, Social Sci-Search, Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences, Current Contents/Arts & Humanities and Journal Citation Reports / Social Sciences Edition. This was a kind of 30th birthday present. It must not be overlooked that this success was not without the unfailing support of our Board of Editors (referees) and guest editors of theme issues who have maintained the highest standards of editing through their rigorous approach to the written words of authors and to referencing and citation levels of author's manuscripts. My job, more managerial by nature, has been and still is to ensure that timely publication is maintained and that a healthy flow of quality articles is achieved. Without all these attributes citation index rating cannot be considered.

Three years ago Maarten Cleeren from Elsevier in the Netherlands wrote about Open House International as a fine journal stating that “ in recognition of the high quality and relevance to the scientific community of Open House International we are pleased to inform you that your publication has been selected for coverage in the Elsevier Bibliographic Database Scopus as of 2007”. This was therefore added to our two other database connections namely EBSCO PUBLISHING and Thomsons ISI database including all their products, The Social Science Citation Index, (SSCI,) the Arts & Humanities Citation Index, (A&HCI), Social Scisearch, Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences,(CC/S&BS) and the Current Contents/Arts & Humanities, (CC/A&H) and Journal Citation Reports/Social Sciences Edition.

This study collected literature on augmented reality (AR) from academic and patent databases to plot the historic development trajectory of AR and forecast its future research and development trends. A total of 3193 and 13,629 papers were collected from academic and patent databases, respectively. First, a network was established using references from the academic literature; main path analysis was conducted on this reference network to plot the overall development trajectory. Subsequent cluster and word cloud analyses revealed the following five major groups of AR research topics: AR surgical navigation applications, AR education applications, AR applications in manufacturing, AR applications in architecture, and AR applications in visual tracking. Subsequently, the relationships between the overall development trajectory and the five AR research topics were compared. Next, the title and abstract of AR-related academic and patent papers were subjected to text mining to identify keywords with a high frequency of occurrence. The results can provide a reference for industry, government, and academia when planning future development strategies for the AR field. This research adopted an integrated analysis procedure to plot the trajectory of AR technology development and applications successfully and effectively, predict future patent research and development directions and produce technological forecasts.

Robin Milner's paper, ‘The use of machines to assist in rigorous proof’, introduces methods for automating mathematical reasoning that are a milestone in the development of computer-assisted theorem proving. His ideas, particularly his theory of tactics, revolutionized the architecture of proof assistants. His methodology for automating rigorous proof soundly, particularly his theory of type polymorphism in programing, led to major contributions to the theory and design of programing languages. His citation for the 1991 ACM A.M. Turing award, the most prestigious award in computer science, credits him with, among other achievements, ‘probably the first theoretically based yet practical tool for machine assisted proof construction’. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society .

Due to the varied ideas of lean philosophy adopted in the construction industry, it is challenging to trace the development of lean philosophy in terms of how the field evolved by adopting the lean ideas and how the topic shifted. However, it is challenging to extract useful information from the massive body of literature and to trace the development of Lean Construction in Building Projects. Previous studies have conducted longitudinal analyses of scientific areas depending on the authors’ interpretation and explanation, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. To address this concern, this study proposes a data-driven approach integrating N-gram extraction, citation analysis, and a global key-route algorithm to trace the development. Based on the collected literature of Lean Construction in Building Projects, N-grams were extracted as topics from the raw texts of titles, abstracts, and keywords, and the shifts in topics were measured. Then, the references were extracted from the literature to create a citation network to represent the knowledge flows, and the global key-route algorithm was used to identify the most valuable flows reflecting the main paths of the development. The results illustrate how Lean Construction in Building Projects evolved and how the topics shifted, providing an exciting opportunity to reveal this development by using a data-driven approach rather than personal judgments. The findings can help us to understand that the field of Lean Construction in Building Projects was driven and motivated not only by the “lean theory”, but also by problems in the practice of building projects. Moreover, lean theory leads to flourishing research on informatization, and BIM will be an important tool to better achieve lean thinking in construction.

The interior environment as the place where people spend nearly 95% of their time in, has recently received considerable attention within the domain of the built environment. The concept of Sustainable Interior Architecture and Design (SIAD) and its significance have been recognized given its potential for energy conservation, and its impacts on occupants’ satisfaction, comfort, as well as their physical and psychological wellbeing. Although the adoption of SIAD is crucial in achieving the sustainable development goals, its practice is still hindered by numerous deterrents. A number of studies have reported on these deterrents; however, there is no comprehensive review of the literature on this topic. Thus, as a first step toward addressing the present gap, this article provides a two decade (2000–2021) systematic review of the relevant literature that investigates a total of 51 publications. Furthermore, a scientometric analysis was conducted, and the co-citation and co-occurrence of journals and keywords were analyzed to illustrate the scientific landscape. A comprehensive summary table is provided consisting of 61 deterrents to the practice of SIAD that are categorized into five main categories: (1) economic; (2) attitude, knowledge, and awareness; (3) market, information, and technology; (4) education and training; as well as (5) government and professional bodies. Finally, the findings are deliberated upon and directions for future research are discussed.

As activities are increasingly being digitalized in business and society, organizations have sought ways to effectively and competitively, use data. Business intelligence and analytics (BI&A) systems which support managerial decision-making continue to be developed and used. Given the importance of these systems, it would be useful to have a comprehensive and mature guide to support their development and improvement. This research proposes a BI&A Competitive Advantage Maturity Model to identify the main technical and non-technical dimensions of a system to support business intelligence and analysis. The model is based on work systems theory and related research. It maps descriptive characteristics of its main dimensions across analytic adoption stages of aspirational, experienced, and transformed. The development of the model employed a modified Delphi study technique, design science research, and citation analysis.

We performed a bibiometric analysis on urbanization research based on the 3,058 peer-reviewed articles in the SCI and SSCI database from 1984 to 2013. Our analysis revealed document types, scientific outputs, subject categories, major journals and major authors, geographic distribution, highly cited papers and citation networks and temporal trends in keywords burst. Growth of article output has emerged since 1990, and went through two development stages. Environmental sciences, urban studies and ecology came out the most urbanization articles and Landscape and Urban Planning was the most productive journal in urbanization studies. Tothmeresz B was the most prolific author. USA was the most productive country, but Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most high-producing institution. Three streams were identified among the 65 most cited articles in the LCS historiography, and Schueler’s (1994) article has the strongest bursts. A keyword analysis revealed that the “China”, “city” and “globalization” are the research hotspots in the future.

More and more attention has been paid to the application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the field of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC). However, systematic analysis and visualization of its development trend have not been carried out. This paper combined digital statistical method and scientometrics to analyse major documents published in the Scopus database from 2008 to September 2019 and discussed the development trend, the main journals co-citation and keywords co-occurrence of this field. And then main challenges and future research were summarized by content analysis. The results show that: (1) the number of articles related to integrating BIM with GHG emissions has increased significantly in AEC, which deserves more and more scholars to study in this field; (2) top cited journals mainly focus on built environment, BIM and clean technology; (3) BIM and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are the mainstream issues in the calculation, analysis and decisionmaking of GHG emissions. This review provides status quo and existing main challenges of knowledge system of BIM applied to GHG emissions in AEC, and also offers inspiration for future research.

Building information modeling (BIM) is transforming the way of work across the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry, where BIM offers vast opportunities for improving performance. BIM is therefore an area of great interest across the AEC industry in general and for the structural engineering field in particular. This paper is aimed at providing a broad picture of published papers that relate BIM with structural engineering. This overview will enhance understanding of the state of the research work on this subject, drawing upon bibliometric analysis of 369 papers. Findings provide an updated picture of how now-available studies that link BIM developments and applications in structural engineering are distributed chronologically, across journals, authors, countries, and institutions. Detailed analyses of citation networks present the cooccurrence map of keywords, citation patterns of journals and articles, the most cited journals, and the top 15 most cited articles on BIM in the area of structural engineering. Discussions demonstrate that research on BIM applications for structural engineering has been constantly growing with a sudden increase after 2014. This study reveals that research attempts on this area have been dominated by exploring generic issues of BIM like information management; however, technical issues of structural engineering, to be resolved through BIM capabilities, have remained overlooked. Moreover, the research work in this area is found to be conducted largely in isolation, comprising disjointed and fragmented research studies. Gaps and important areas for future research include modeling of structural components, automation of the assembly sequence, planning and optimization of off-site construction, and dynamic structural health monitoring.

Wearable devices as an emerging technology to collect safety data on construction site is gaining increasing attention from researchers and practitioners. Given the rapid development of wearable devices research and the high application prospects of wearable devices in construction safety, a state-of-the-art review of research and implementations in this field is needed. The aim of this study is to provide an objective and extensive bibliometric analysis of the published articles on wearable applications in construction safety for the period of 2005–2021. CiteSpace software was used to conduct co-citation analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and cluster identification on 169 identified articles. The results show that 10 research clusters (e.g., attentional failure, brain-computer interface) were extremely important in the development of wearable devices for construction safety. The results highlight the evolution of wearable devices in construction-safety-related research, revealing the underlying structure of this cross-cutting research area. The analysis also summarizes the status quo of wearable devices in the construction safety field and provides a dynamic platform for integrating future applications.

The use of modern methods of thematic analysis for the analytical processing of information is currently used in almost all areas of human activity, including scientometrics. Many scientometric and citation systems, including the world famous WoS, Scopus, Google Shcolar, develop thematic categories for searching and processing information. Most important tasks that can be solved using thematic classification methods are: assessment of the dynamics of the development of thematic areas in the organization, country and in world science; search for articles on a given topic; search and assessment of the authority of experts; search for journal for publication and other relevant tasks. The Lomonosov Moscow State University is currently developing and using the system ISTINA. In this project, algorithms have been created that solve some of the problems listed. Scientific research is underway to create new effective mathematical models and algorithms in this area.

The use of modern methods of thematic analysis for the analytical processing of information is currently used in almost all areas of human activity, including scientometrics. Many scientometric and citation systems, including the world famous WoS, Scopus, Google Shcolar, develop thematic categories for searching and processing information. Most important tasks that can be solved using thematic classification methods are: assessment of the dynamics of the development of thematic areas in the organization, country and in world science; search for articles on a given topic; search and assessment of the authority of experts; search for journal for publication and other relevant tasks. The Lomonosov Moscow State University is currently developing and using the system ISTINA. In this project, algorithms have been created that solve some of the problems listed. Scientific research is underway to create new effective mathematical models and algorithms in this area.

Goal models have proven useful for capturing, understanding, and communicating requirements during early stages of software development. However, the utility of goal models is greatly enhanced when they can be exploited during downstream stages of the requirements analysis process (e.g. requirements elaboration, validation, planning), and can be used as part of the entire system life cycle (e.g., architectural and behavioral process design, coding, testing, monitoring, adaptation, and evolution). In order to better understand the progress that has been made in integrating goal models with downstream system development, the authors ask: what approaches exist that map/integrate/transform goal models to later stage software artifacts? To answer this question, they conduct a systematic survey, producing a roadmap of work summarizing 243 publications. Results include a categorization of the “why?” and “how?” for each approach. Furthermore, they select the 50 most prominent publications, based on citation numbers, in order to perform an in-depth literature review. Findings show that there is a wide variety of proposals with a variety of proposed goal models and targets, covering multiple paradigms, motivated by a variety of purposes. The authors conclude that although much work has been done in this area, the work is fragmented, following multiple separate strands of goal-orientation, and is often still in early stages of maturity.

Research on the relationship between architecture and neuroscience has increased in number and significance since the 1990s. Although a growing number of studies revolve around this field of research, there are very limited studies that have reviewed and assessed the field and there is a gap in the literature to address the overall analysis of neuroarchitecture literature and its evolution. Additionally, neuroarchitecture literature is now challenging to manage because of its multidisciplinary scope and wide range spread within different themes and journals. The primary aim of this study is to present a bibliometric analysis of three decades of research on neuroarchitecture. This provides an overall picture of the field and its research landscape. Two hundred and ninety-five publications were included in the final database of the study after screening processes. Next, a science mapping tool, VOSviewer, was utilized to detect major topics as well as influential authors, countries, publications, and prominent journals using different network analysis techniques such as term co-citation, term co-occurrence, and bibliographic coupling. Next, a similar co-occurrence analysis was conducted to identify the major themes and the evolution of the intellectual basis of the field. SciMAT was also used to detect how the intellectual base of the knowledge in the field has evolved over time. It also assisted to identify the major themes that have contributed to this evolution. The results show that this field has initially been mainly focused on few themes but has later become more diversified to acknowledge the multi-faceted characteristics of neuroarchitecture; over time, the intellectual base of the field of neuroarchitecture started to grow, particularly from 2016. Major progress in the development of theoretical and methodological approaches has been achieved and there has been a paradigm shift toward major keywords in neuroarchitecture such as EEG, fMRI, and virtual reality.

Citation: Titarenko L. (2019) Higher Education Systems in Russia and Belarus: A Comparative Approach. Mir Rossii, vol. 28, no 4, pp. 112–127. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-4-112-127 The modernization of higher education in Russia and Belarus is still topical, despite the numerous changes already made to the higher education systems (HES) of both countries in the post-Soviet period. This article shows the similarities and differences in the practice of developing HES in Russia and Belarus. The analysis is based on statistical materials, an analysis of the literature in both countries, survey data, and in-depth interviews conducted by the author with higher education experts in Belarus in 2018. The starting point for both countries was the Soviet model of higher education. Over time, each country developed this heritage in its own way. Despite the existence of common features in the organization and management of higher education, today this sphere in Belarus is characterized by more centralized management than in Russia. Centralization finds expression in the greater uniformity of educational programs, university practices, and decision-making. The article shows that in Russia the regionalization of higher education is proceeding at a faster pace, manifested in the active attraction of foreign students. In Belarus this process has a similar vector, but is progressing more slowly. Internationalization has several directions (European, Eurasian, Asian). Neither country wants to give up national priorities in the integration into the European space of higher education, while the implementation of the Bologna principles is higher in Russia. Regardless of changes in the architecture of higher education, the problems of its quality and student motivation remain on the agenda. The Belarusian centralization of the HES slightly differs from the Russian one. Both countries are searching for answers to similar global challenges—answers which are suitable for their national socio-economic and political conditions. Russia and Belarus are objectively interested in changes in their HES which will contribute to the effective development of their countries.

Introduction Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a highly prevalent disorder in the world, specifically in the region of Kuwait. A wide population suffers from sickle cell anaemia. It has been known that bone involvement is one of the most common clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease, both in the acute setting such as painful vaso-occlusive crises, and as a chronic, progressive process such as osteoporosis ,osteopenia and avascular necrosis (AVN), which can develop due to the low bone mass and the deterioration of the micro architecture of bone tissue. In this ongoing project, we used the radionuclide imaging technique for bone and bone marrow scintigraphy and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). We attempted a correlation between low bone density and the bone infarct for SCD, and identified if low bone density is a risk factor for the severity and development of osteonecrosis in an at-risk population of sickle cell patients. Patients and Methods A total of 13 sickle cell patients participated in this correlation study; 5 males and 8 females, ages ranged from 16 to 55 years with a mean age of 35.5 years. To meet the participant selection criteria, patients were selected if they were never prescribed bisphosphonates or any type of medicine used to help strengthen bones weakened by osteoporosis, nor exposed to any other AVN risk factors other than SCD. Subjects were subjected to a scintigraphy (3-phase bone SPECT-CT, bone marrow) and bone mineral density scan (BMD). All subjects consented to the study approved by the ethics committee. Bone scintigraphy was performed by Tc-99m MDP, HDP 20mCi / 70kg intravenous injection. Bone Marrow Scintigraphy was performed by Tc-99m sulfur or tin colloid, 10-15 mCi / 70 kg I.V, Bone with Bone marrow scintigraphy imaging is required to assess bone marrow infarction and infection. BMD dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was also performed to indicate the reliably changes in bone mineral content of the lumbar spine and proximal femur. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results According to the WHO criteria used; low bone density was found in 9/13 (69%) while normal bone density was found in 4/13 patients (31 %). Based upon the application of a chi-square test, all those subjects 9/9 having a low bone density were showing AVN in several severity and multiple sites of the skeleton; it was found that there is an association between low bone density and incidents of AVN. However, it is of importance to note that 2/4 (50%) of the normal bone density patients were found to have AVN. Conclusion The preliminary conclusion discern from this ongoing project suggest that low bone mineral density in SCD could be considered a risk factor contributing to the development of AVN. We hypothesise that the severity of AVN develops due to the low bone mass and the deterioration of the micro architecture of bone tissue. The results have shown that low bone density is highly associated with osteonecrosis. Further case studies are needed to confirm or disprove these findings. The findings of this project could inspire new protocols required for effective management of this disease. Our findings could also potentially point out and diagnose new clinical cases, which would normally not be clinically suspected. We also speculate that increasing bone density of this patient population may decrease the severity and incidents of AVN. References 1-Sch2-nog JB, Duits AJ, Muskiet FA, ten Cate H, Rojer RA, Brandjes DP. Sickle cell disease; a general overview. Neth J Med. 2004 Nov;62(10):364-74. Review. PubMed citation 2-Digiovanni, Cw; Patel, A; Calfee, R; Nickisch, F (Apr 2007). “Osteonecrosis in the foot”. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 15 (4): 208–17. ISSN 1067-151X. PMID 17426292. 3-eMedicine Specialties > Avascular NecrosisAuthor: Jeanne K Tofferi, MD, MPH, FACP; Coauthor: William Gilliland, MD, MPHE, FACP, FACR. Updated: Dec 17, 2009 4-Baksi, Dp (May 1983). “Treatment of post-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head by multiple drilling and muscle-pedicle bone grafting. Preliminary report”. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume 65 (3): 268–73. ISSN 0301-620X. PMID 6341373. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract Background Intergenerational interaction is the communication which occurs between people from two or more generations and known benefits include improved psychological wellbeing and decreased social isolation. Intergenerational programs therefore have the potential to decrease risk of loneliness for older people. Public spaces are accessible and open for use to all people, irrespective of age or ability, and are therefore an important environment to consider for intergenerational interaction development. The aim of this review was to identify factors which impact non-familial intergenerational interaction within public spaces. Methods An integrative review of qualitative and quantitative peer reviewed literature was completed, from inception through January 2019. Academic Search Complete, Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, CINAHL, Science Direct, SCOPUS, Social Sciences Citation Index and Web of Science were searched. The search yielded 488 articles, 16 of which were included. Research studies were critically appraised using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool and key data were extracted and synthesised to identify the factors which impact non-familial intergenerational interactions in public spaces, through a method of constant comparison analysis. Results Three key themes were identified: ‘Comparing naturally occurring non-familial intergenerational interactions with structured intergenerational programs’; ‘Barriers to non-familial intergenerational interactions in public spaces’ and ‘Successful non-familial intergenerational interaction achieved through shared activity’. Conclusion The findings highlighted that structured intergenerational programs have a greater chance of facilitating positive intergenerational interaction, as the presence of a group facilitator directly enabled non-familial intergenerational interactions. Successful non-familial intergenerational interactions were achieved through shared experiences of fun and meaningful activities. Barriers to non-familial intergenerational interaction in public space included lack of opportunities, negative attitudes held of different generations, age stereotypes and age segregation. Older people have the potential to benefit most from non-familial intergenerational interaction, due to increased risk of loneliness and high participation rates in non-familial intergenerational interactions in public spaces.

Link for citation: Lukutin B.V., Muravyev D.I. Optimization of operational control of autonomous photo-diesel power supply system with DC bus. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2022, vol. 333, no. 4, рр. 224-235. In Rus. The relevance. An increase in the contribution of renewable energy sources to the generation of the autonomous hybrid energy industry is important in order to reduce the environmental impact of diesel generator plants and decrease operating costs in the production of electrical energy in smart microgrids with distributed generation, including so-called «green» generation. This issue has the highest relevance for cell towers of mobile communication, rotational residential camps, meteorological stations and other remote consumers, the rated capacity of which is tens to hundreds of kW. Objective: the development of computer models for optimizing the management of the operational staff and modes of an autonomous photo-diesel power supply system with a DC bus, so as to make it possible to minimize the operating time of a diesel generator plant by increasing the contribution of the photovoltaic plant at optimal technical and economic indicators. The use of a DC bus for the electricity integration from distributed energy sources is considered promising in reducing the number of hours of inefficient operation of a diesel generator plant, which will make it possible to save diesel fuel and extend the life expectancy of the diesel generator. Novelty. This work expands the known options for modeling and optimizing the modes of a standalone hybrid DC power plant in terms of using an objective function with appropriate restrictions, adapting models of power equipment for the intended purposes of modeling, presenting the structure of a feasibility study based on commercially available characteristics of the elements of the power supply system. Methods. The study entails the development of computer models of the intelligent control architecture of a standalone hybrid power plant including a photovoltaic plant, a diesel generator plant, an electric energy storage system, a remote consumer, as well as auxiliary converter devices. Modeling of control processes is implemented in the Stateflow library, as well as by using the language syntax of the Matlab high-level package, the capabilities of which are acceptable for the intended purposes. Results. The analysis of the results shows that DC PV-diesel power supply systems can be cost-effective in all scenarios that include different types of batteries while for systems without power storage, DC distribution is often not cost-effective. The results will be of interest to specialists developing or operating standalone power supply systems and organizations planning to upgrade existing diesel power plants.

Abstract Chromatin architecture governs cell lineages by regulating the specific gene expression; however, its role in the diversity of cancer development remains unknown. Among pancreatic cancers, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and invasive carcinoma with an associated intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (invasive IPMNs) arise from two distinct precursors, and their fundamental differences remain obscure. Here, we hypothesized that chromatin profiles may clarify their intrinsic molecular features. We originally established 28 human organoids from distinct subtypes of pancreatic tumors, including IPMN, invasive IPMN, and PDAC as well as from normal ductal cells and performed exome-seq, RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq, Hi-C, and phenotypic analyses with shRNA or CRISPR interference. Established organoids successfully reproduced the histology of primary tumors. IPMN and invasive IPMN organoids specifically harbored GNAS, RNF43, and KLF4 mutations and showed the distinct lineage related expression profiles compared to PDAC. In addition, chromatin accessibility profiles well stratified the respective tumor groups. Notably, this analysis supported the histological features of tumor subtypes; gastric IPMN gained the stomach-specific accessible regions and the accessible pattern of invasive IPMN linked to diverse gastrointestinal tissues. In contrast, PDAC was characterized by the significant loss of chromatin accessibility seen in normal pancreatic ductal cells. Footprint analysis of transcription factors (TFs) identified specific TFs that are enriched in each tumor subtype. Of note we found the footprint of HNF1B to be active in IPMN lineages but not in PDAC. To address its biological significance, we analyzed the effects of HNF1B by knockdown (KD) experiments and revealed that HNF1B is biologically indispensable for IPMN lineages. We further identified MNX1 as an upstream regulator of HNF1B expression, another TF expressed in multipotent pancreatic progenitor cells. ChIP experiment revealed the enriched binding of MNX1 on the promoter elements of HNF1B in invasive IPMN. Importantly, KD or CRISPR interference of MNX1 impaired the survival of the organoids from invasive IPMN. Moreover, the correlated and high expression patterns of MNX1 and HNF1B in IPMN lineages were validated in a set of human tissues. To identify the common downstream genes of MNX1 and HNF1B, we analyzed RNA-seq and ATAC-seq after KD of the two genes. We found that MNX1-HNF1B axis governed a set of genes including MYC, SOX9, and OLFM4, which are known to regulate stem cell properties in gastrointestinal epithelium. Lastly, to get a broader view of chromatin architecture in these tumors, we performed Hi-C. We found that HNF1B target genes to be three-dimensionally condensed in the genome of invasive IPMN but not in that of PDAC, supporting the functional importance of those genes in invasive IPMN. Collectively, our organoid analyses unraveled the different lineage related chromatin structures correlating to the specific biological behaviors in pancreatic tumor subtypes. Citation Format: Hiroyuki Kato, Keisuke Tateishi, Keisuke Yamamoto, Dousuke Iwadate, Hiroaki Fujiwara, Takuma Nakatsuka, Koji Miyabayashi, Yotaro Kudo, Ijichi Hideaki, Kazuhiko Koike, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro. A multi-omics study in patient-derived organoids reveals MNX1-HNF1B axis to be indispensable for intraductal mucinous papillary neoplasm lineages [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-067.

Introduction. Optimization is a criterion, on the ground of which, comparative estimation of possible alternatives and selection of the best decisions is carried out. Cost of a shell, its minimum weight, absence of bending moments and tensile normal stresses, given stress state for acting external load, given bearing capacity when optimal shallowness, maximum external load, minimum weight under limitation on the value of natural frequencies of vibration and maximum displacements, absence of bending moments with taking into account internal pressure, dead weight, and centrifugal forces; maximum of critical force and something else can be criterion of selection of optimal shape of shell of revolution. Methods. The main criteria of optimality for shells of revolution and information sources for the 1970-2019 periods are presented in a paper. It will help to study previous results devoted to using optimizations and to set about further investigation. But there is no single approach to the definition of optimal shell of revolution and obviously will not be, because own optimizations are necessary for every concrete case of loading, or distribution of stresses along the thickness, or under the demands to the ratio of the volume and area of considered shell, or with due regard for different kind of expenses, and other demands. Results. For the first time, 24 criteria of optimality only for shells of revolution were discovered. The names of scientists offered presented criteria of optimality and the 45 references dealing with this question are pointed out. It is shown that principles put in the basis of optimal design and criteria of optimality must be given with the help of language quite naturally for computer. Having used optimi- For citation Krivoshapko S.N. (2019). Optimal shells of revolution and main optimizations. Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings, 15 (3), 201-209. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.22363/1815-5235-2019-15-3-201-209 zations presented in the paper, designers can choose the criterion for their own design of optimal shell shape. Study of the prerequisites of the structural solutions in building and machine-building, the history of the development and perfecting of technologies of erection of shells of revolution will permit to generalize the experience accumulated by designers and to develop new fundamental solutions. Otherwise, architects, structural engineers, and designers will be repeating the achieved solutions in building, architecture, and machine-building.

Abstract Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a characteristic of many cancers that contributes to a tumor cell’saccumulation of genetic defects including mutations, copy number alterations, and aneuploidy.By promoting intratumoral heterogeneity and genetic diversity, CIN can confer a selectiveadvantage to tumor cells and promote cancer progression. Triple Negative Breast Cancers(TNBCs) typically have high rates of CIN, and this contributes to disease aggressiveness andpoor patient outcomes. While basal levels of CIN contribute to cancer progression, CIN can beelevated to intolerable levels to induce mitotic catastrophe or cell death that occurs during, orimmediately following, mitosis. Discovering proteins necessary for cells to maintain basal levelsof CIN that can then be leveraged to induce mitotic catastrophe should reveal vulnerabilities thatare therapeutically targetable. In this regard, we have identified Structural Maintenance ofChromosomes 2 (SMC2) as a modulator of CIN in TNBC. SMC2 is a core member of condensin,a complex which is largely known for its role in maintaining chromosome architecture. SMC2 hasalso recently been implicated in the regulation of transcription, suggesting that this enzyme maylie at the interface of transcription and chromatin configuration. We hypothesize that TNBC cellsrely on SMC2 to control CIN through two routes: chromatin organization and transcription ofoncogenes and cell identity genes. To begin to test this hypothesis, we assessed the impact ofSMC2 silencing on TNBC cell growth in multiple cell lines. While reducing SMC2 levels initiallyincreases proliferation, SMC2 is required for long term TNBC cell viability and proper progressionthrough the cell cycle. Shortly following SMC2 suppression, TNBC cells display an increase inCIN phenotypes including multinucleation, micronucleation, and dysmorphic nucleation, as wellas DNA double strand breaks. These defects accumulate to an excessive level that ultimatelyinduces cell death. Notably, SMC2 is overexpressed in a subset of TNBC patient tumors and thisoverexpression is associated with an increased number of mutations, copy number alterations,and aneuploidy, as well as worse patient outcomes. Together, these results indicate that SMC2regulates CIN in TNBC. Given its function as an ATPase, we conclude that SMC2 is a potentialtarget for therapeutic development for the treatment of TNBC, a disease with limited therapeuticoptions. Current studies are focused on discovering the mechanisms by which SMC2 regulatesCIN in TNBC. Citation Format: Jessica Ventura, Bryan Webb, Ruth Keri. The condensin core subunit, SMC2 (structural maintenance of chromosomes 2), is necessary for the growth and genomic stability of triple negative breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-06-02.

Abstract Solid malignancies, including GBM, contain small subsets of cells that display stem-like properties (i.e. glioma stem cells or GSCs) and act as key determinants of therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Mechanisms of GSC immune escape are considered fundamental to clinical GBM growth and recurrence. GBM cells escape antitumor immunity by modifying the tumor microenvironment by secreting immune-suppressive factors and recruiting anti-inflammatory/pro-oncogenic cells (e.g. T-regulatory cells, M2-like macrophages). However, whether subsets of GSCs can mimic T-reg-like functions by expressing proteins associated with T-reg immune-suppression remains unknown. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of GBM neurospheres revealed a previously unrecognized Oct4/Sox2high/FOXP3− cell subpopulation with high expression of TGFb1, CD39, CD73, PD-L1, and Galectin-1, a gene expression fingerprint typically associated with T-reg cells and their immune suppressive functions within the tumor microenvironment. Bioinformatics analysis of public databases shows that the above-mentioned genes are enriched in the mesenchymal GBM subtype and highly correlated with CD44 and TGFb type II receptor (TGFBR2) expression in both clinical GBM and primary GSCs. Mechanistically, Oct4 and Sox2 were found to directly induce TGFBR2 transcription concurrent with chromatin architectural changes (i.e. heterochromatin-to-euchromatin transition) involving the TGFBR2 gene. Transgenic TGFBR2 expression increased neurosphere cell growth capacity, upregulated expression of T-reg-like effector genes and enriched for CD44+ GSCs. Functionally, neurospheres expressing transgenic Oct4/Sox2 or transgenic TGFBR2 possess increased immunosuppressive capacity, and pharmacological inhibition of TGFBR2 depleted CD44+ GSCs and reduced immunosuppression in T-cell co-cultures. Taken together, we show that reprogramming events initiated by Oct4 and Sox2 induce a CD44+/FOX3P− GSC cell subset with a T-reg-like immunosuppressive transcriptional profile via a TGFBR2-dependent mechanism. This research provides the first description of such neoplastic cells in any malignancy and has high potential translational impact since targeting these tumor cell subsets and their immunosuppressive mechanisms may be critical to the successful development of GBM immunotherapies. Citation Format: Amanda Johnson, Jack Korleski, John Laterra, Hernando Lopez-Bertoni. Oct4 and Sox2 induce cellular transition of glioma stem cells to an immune suppressive, regulatory T cell-like state [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolutionary Dynamics in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy; 2022 Mar 14-17. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(10 Suppl):Abstract nr PR013.

Abstract Background: As bulk and single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing studies and data continue to accrue to publicly accessible databases, bioinformatic tools continue being developed to analyze these datasets. The resulting pipelines often focus on either bulk or scRNA sequencing but rarely both. scRNA sequencing allows for in-depth characterization of transcription level events in distinct cell populations while bulk data offers a more global view, and for now, is more widely available in databases. Alternative splicing events in particular have been underexplored in a single-cell genomic architecture. The purpose of this study was to develop a bioinformatic pipeline to employ both bulk and single-cell mammary datasets to identify and validate alternative splicing events.Methods: Bulk fastq’s were utilized to identify AS events in luminal progenitor (LP) and mouse mammary stem cell (MSC) lineages in ovariectomized FVB mice that had been randomized into three treatment groups (SHAM [C], estradiol + progesterone [EP], EP + the selective progesterone receptor inhibitor telapristone acetate, TPA [EPT]). scRNA sequencing data from (Bach et al., 2017) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and utilized for validation of the AS events identified in the bulk data. To separate the data by progesterone level, the scRNA data was parsed into nulliparous, gestational, lactational, and post-involution groups. Further, to determine cell lineage level effects, the data was parsed into luminal and basal compartments using krt18 and krt5 expression. To accomplish the overall comparison between bulk and scRNA sequencing data, we developed a pipeline that would process and parse the scRNA data, identify the alternative splicing in bulk sequencing using rMATS and in the scRNA data using Outrigger (part of the Expedition suite). The resulting data from rMATS [bulk] LP/MSC: CvEP, CvEPT, & EPvEPT were filtered for events meeting statistical significance (p-value < 0.05, FDR < 0.01). After filtering, the events from each treatment comparison were then filtered so only events unique to LP or MSC CvEP, respectively, remain. The remaining significant and unique AS events are then compared to the Krt18-high and Krt5-high Outrigger results from each development stage based on genomic event coordinates (with a buffer +/- 20 base pairs).Results: 12 alternative splicing (AS) events were identified to be shared between the bulk and scRNA sequencing data in the context of increased progesterone exposure (EP and gestational, respectively) as well as cell lineage (LP and luminal respectively). Among the genes identified as having been alternatively spiced with an exact nucleotide match for the splice were Eif4a2, Pik3c2a, Brd4, Cdh1, and Enah. Conclusions: Alternative splicing events can be identified and validated between genomic sequencing methods, specifically bulk and single-cell RNA seq. We hypothesize that as scRNA-seq becomes more developed and quantification errors caused by short-read lengths fixed by full length scRNA seq methods currently in development, comparing data between single-cell and bulk may be made easier. However, we have shown that, when orthogonal methods for validation may not be feasible, events as specific as alternative splices can be validated using publicly available data and in-silico methods. Citation Format: Gannon Cottone, Benjamin T Spike, Elnaz Mirzaei Mehrabad, Seema A Khan, Susan Clare. Validating alternative splicing events between bulk and scRNA sequencing data: A bioinformatic approach [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-09-16.

Students are excited by the possibilities presented through digital technologies and their applicability across a broad range of industries. Digital literacy has been identified as a foundational 21st Century skill by the Australian Government (2020, p. 4), which is ‘essential for individuals to participate effectively in today’s society’. The need for strong transferable skills has accelerated during the pandemic as many industries have migrated to digital contexts. Digital literacy is a transferable skill sought after by employers, alongside other emerging transferable skills required for 21st Century success, including critical thinking, creativity and problem-solving (FYA 2017, p. 8). In this paper, we will provide a case study of authentic assessment in an innovative digital literacy course at an Australian university, designed to support students from underrepresented backgrounds to build transferable skills for degree study and future careers. Authentic assessment provides opportunities for meaningful learning as students complete assessments aligned with their aspirations and career interests: ‘Authenticity automatically gives relevance to the learning journey; relevance encourages engagement and enthusiasm, which should bring about meaningful learning’ (ACEL 2016). The scaffolded course design focuses on embedding professional practice through authentic assessment. Recent student projects include: an infographic of wellbeing techniques for children designed for educational contexts, an informative website to support refugees, a share-economy inspired app for deep cleaning, an infographic on sustainable architecture, a blog on brand development, and a review of robot programming for IT students. We will provide strategies for authentic assessment through technology-enhanced learning, which will offer insight and inspiration for educators interested in adopting these approaches. Choice is a key element of course design, allowing students to demonstrate key concepts through the creation of unique and meaningful projects. First, students demonstrate threshold concepts, then they follow industry practice to pitch and produce an individual digital project. Course design is grounded in Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and enabling pedagogy (Stokes 2017). UDL techniques, including multiple modes of representation, action and expression, and engagement, support the learning of all students (CAST 2011). Enabling pedagogical approaches work to support the development of confidence, capability and agency, while valuing the strengths individual students bring (Stokes 2021). Students aiming for diverse fields have followed their interests to create digital projects aligned with their career aspirations, from game development to health apps, business sites to educational modules, critical digital reviews to music videos, animations to augmented and virtual reality content. Production work is negotiated with tutors, who provide guidance and mentorship, following a production company ethos. Students adhere to industry standards for copyright and ethical practice in assessments, while building their professional portfolio and skills for future success. The combination of digital literacy and authentic assessments motivates students to follow their passions and create digital products they care about. This approach has resulted in outstanding student evaluations and learning outcomes, above average retention, and institutional recognition through a Digital Learning citation. Importantly, this approach supports students to build professional skills and knowledge for emerging industries and future career opportunities. References ACEL. (2016). Authentic learning: what, why and how? e-Teaching, 10. http://www.acel.org.au/acel/ACEL_docs/Publications/e-Teaching/2016/e-Teaching_2016_10.pdf Australian Government. (2020). Foundation Skills for Your Future Program: Digital Literacy Skills Framework, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. Australian Technology Network. (2020). ATN joint statement on authentic assessment, Australian Technology Network. https://www.atn.edu.au/news-and-events/latest-news/atn-joint-statement-on-authentic-assessment CAST. (2011). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines Version 2.0. Massachusetts: Wakefield. Foundation for Young Australians (2017). The new work smarts. https://www.fya.org.au/report/the-new-work-smarts Stokes, J. (2017). Inclusion and engagement by design: Creating a digital literacy course to inspire diverse learners in an​ Australian university enabling program. International Studies in Widening Participation, 4(2), 65–78. https://novaojs.newcastle.edu.au/ceehe/index.php/iswp/article/download/85/103 ​ Stokes, J. (2021). Those skills to take on the world: developing capitals through university enabling programs. The International Journal of Learning in Higher Education, 28 (2), 133-146. DOI: 10.18848/2327-7955/CGP/v28i02/133-146

Abstract The complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDA creates a uniquely immune- and drug-privileged sanctuary that contributes to disease pathogenesis and treatment resistance. The profoundly immunosuppressive microenvironment of PDA includes abundant MDSC, Treg, M2-like TAM and a dearth of cytotoxic T-cells. Recent discoveries of highly expressed Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) in the desmoplastic stroma of PDA suggest that TLR7/8 agonists may be an effective immune-targeted therapy. TLR7/8 agonists may inhibit tumor growth by any of several mechanisms including myeloid cell reeducation, depletion of MDSC, and/or depletion of Treg, thereby activating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. However, the circulatory half-life of most TLR7/8 agonists is relatively short, and elevated systemic levels and prolonged treatment can also cause severe adverse reactions that can limit their use and effectiveness. To address these concerns, we have developed a novel polymeric form of a TLR7/8 agonist that exploits a breakthrough synthetic technology to directly polymerize drugs into nanocarriers with defined architectures. These agents are designed to minimize adverse effects and increase efficacy through more favorable pharmacokinetics and enhanced delivery to desmoplastic tumors with release profiles tailorable over the range of days to weeks. This agent is in development in our murine preclinical trials program (MCTP) which is modeled on human clinical trials and involves randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled studies against the current standard-of-care using the KrasLSL-G12D/+;Trp53LSL-R172H/+;p48Cre/+ (KPC) model as our primary platform of the autochthonous disease. Exploratory experiments were performed to determine optimal dose and treatment schedule. KPC mice with ultrasound-imaging documented disease meeting enrollment criteria were subsequently randomized into one of two arms in 28-day pilot studies: control vehicle-treated and polymeric TLR7/8 (n=5-8 animals per arm). Daily health and behavior checks, serial body weight measurements, and complete blood count (CBC) profiles over the course of the study revealed no adverse health effects or overt toxicities. Mice were euthanized at study completion and all organs harvested for histological analyses; single cell suspensions from blood, spleen, peri-pancreatic lymph nodes and primary tumor were analyzed by FACS and/or CyTOF Helios cytometry (incorporating 30+ specific markers and with a particular focus on identifying specific states and subtypes of CD8+ T cells as well as markers of checkpoint activation to assess innate and adaptive immunity in treated versus untreated and tumor versus normal tissues). Preliminary analyses reveal response associated with increases in T cell activation markers and concomitant changes in inhibitory markers. M1 and M2 macrophage populations also appeared to be profoundly affected, suggesting targeting of specific immune cell types and distinct activation states. Citation Format: Christopher C. DuFort, Ciana L. Lopez, Martin C. Whittle, Vladimir Vlaskin, Aditi Vadodkar, Selvi Srinivasan, Patrick S. Stayton, Sunil R. Hingorani. Overcoming stromal barriers in PDA with a novel polymeric Toll-like receptor agonist [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-105.

With an acceptance rate that does not exceed 25% of the total papers and articles submitted to the journal, IJAR – International Journal of Architectural Research is moving forward to position itself among the leading journals in architecture and urban studies worldwide. As this is the case since the beginning of volume 5, issue 1, March 2011, one must note that the journal has been covered by several data and index bases since its inception including Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, EBSCO-Current Abstracts-Art and Architecture, INTUTE, Directory of Open Access Journals, Pro-Quest, Scopus-Elsevier and many university library databases across the globe. This is coupled with IJAR being an integral part of the archives and a featured collection of ArchNet and the Aga Khan Documentation Centre at MIT: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.In 2014, IJAR was included in Quartile 2 / Q2 list of Journals both in ‘Architecture’ and ‘Urban Studies.’ As of May 2015, IJAR is ranked 23 out of 83 journals in ‘Architecture’ and 59 out of 119 in ‘Urban Studies.’ Rankings are based on the SJR (SCImago Journal Ranking); an Elsevier- SCOPUS indicator that measures the scientific influence of the average article in a journal. SJR is a measure of scientific influence of scholarly journals that accounts for both the number of citations received by a journal and the importance or prestige of the journals where such citations come from. See here for more information (http://www.scimagojr.com/index.php) and (http://www.journalmetrics.com/sjr.php). While the journal is now on top of many of the distinguished journals in Elsevier- SCOPUS database, we will keep aspiring to sustain our position and move forward to Q1 group list and eventually in the top 10 journal list in the field. However, this requires sustained efforts and conscious endeavours that give attention to quality submissions through a rigorous review process. This edition of IJAR: volume 9, issue 2, July 2015 includes debates on a wide spectrum of issues, explorations and investigations in various settings. The issue encompasses sixteen papers addressing cities, settlements, and projects in Europe, South East Asia, and the Middle East. Papers involve international collaborations evidenced by joint contributions and come from scholars in universities, academic institutions, and practices in Belgium; Egypt; Greece; Italy; Jordan; Malaysia; Palestine; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Serbia; Spain; Turkey; and the United Kingdom. In this editorial I briefly outline the key issues presented in these papers, which include topics relevant to social housing, multigenerational dwelling, practice-based research, sustainable design and biomimetic models, learning environments and learning styles, realism and the post modern condition, development and planning, urban identity, contemporary landscapes, and cultural values and traditions.

Purpose: We used bibliometric methods to evaluate the global scientific output of research on Piezo channels and explore the current status and trends in this field over the past decade.Methods: Piezo channel-related studies published in 2010–2020 were retrieved from Web of Science. The R bibliometrix package was used for quantitative and qualitative analyses of publication outputs and author contributions. VOSviewer was used to construct networks based on co-authorship of countries/institutions/authors, co-citation analysis of journals/references, citation analysis of documents, and co-occurrence of keywords.Results: In total, 556 related articles and reviews were included in the final analysis. The number of publications has increased substantially with time. The country and institution contributing the most to this field was the United States and Scripps Research Institute, respectively. Ardem Patapoutian was the most productive author and ranked first among the cited authors, h-index, and m-index. The top cited reference was the article published by Coste B et al. in Science (2010) that identified Piezo1/2 in mammalian cells. The top journals in terms of the number of selected articles and citations were Nature Communications and Nature, respectively. The co-occurrence analysis revealed that Piezo channels are involved a variety of cell types (Merkel cells, neurons, endothelial cells, red blood cells), physiological processes (touch sensation, blood pressure, proprioception, vascular development), related ion channels (transient receptor potential, Gardos), and diseases (pain, distal arthrogryposis, dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis, cancer), and pharmacology (Yoda1, GsMTx-4).Conclusion: Our bibliometric analysis shows that Piezo channel research continues to be a hotspot. The focus has evolved from Piezo identification to architecture, activation mechanism, roles in diseases, and pharmacology.

PurposeThe wide uptake of green building is hindered by factors such as limited market demand and high up-front cost despite substantial policy incentives. Successful business models (BMs) help facilitate the diffusion of sustainable innovation and have attracted increasing attention. However, little attention has been paid to examining the adoption of green building from the perspective of BM. This paper aims to identify the characteristics of BM that companies adopted to deliver green building projects and examine the evolution path of BM for green buildings.Design/methodology/approachA total of 744 interdisciplinary bibliographic records related to BM and green buildings from the Web of Science Core Collection database have been identified from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed through co-author analysis, co-word analysis and co-citation analysis.FindingsBM research mainly focuses on five subjects, namely, environmental science, engineering, business, economics, science and technology. Keywords “strategy”, “capability”, “perspective” and “design” receive the highest centrality index, which suggests that the strategy design and corporate capability are indispensable elements when designing or innovating a company's BM. “BM canvas” and “resource based view” received the burst citations in the recent decade. Twelve research clusters are identified, including performance evaluation, waste management, energy efficiency, BM, project business, professional capital, leadership and product innovation. These topics highlight three evolution direction for green building projects, i.e. life cycle-oriented value proposition, collaborative value delivery and innovative cost and revenue structure.Originality/valueThe findings contribute to a systematic understanding of the underlying mechanisms of BM for green buildings and illuminate the development trend of business strategies for sustainability.

Purpose This paper aims to provide a thorough and systematic overview of the academic literature focusing on the role of integrated reporting (IR) and integrated thinking (IT) in achieving sustainable business models (SBMs). The paper discusses whether the incorporation of newer IR systems can facilitate the integration of processes, as well as a better allocation of resources and capital to create long-term value, according to a circular approach. Design/methodology/approach Based on a database containing 60 publications in English with a publication date from 1990 to 2019, a bibliometric analysis is conducted. Data on publications, journals, authors and citations are collected, verified, cross-checked and examined by applying bibliometric measures. Findings Bibliometric analysis has identified that IR and IT have determined an evolution in the way companies communicate and create value, facilitating the integration of processes and a better allocation of resources and capital. However, market practice still perceives them as simple reporting tools to meet stakeholders’ needs rather than as critical corporate governance tools. Research limitations/implications This study highlights key issues in the past literature on IR and IT to meet SDGs, contributing also to the identification of critical difficulties that companies encounter in attempting to attain sustainable goals. Originality/value This document contributes to the existing literature on IR, IT and SBMs through a systematic review of the literature on these topics along with the sustainable development goals perspective. The study, furthermore, attempts to assess the role that the relevant literature attributes to IR and IT in the SBMs architecture.

Abstract Background Esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) represent a spectrum of relatively rare and complex malformations, which remain a major therapeutic challenge for most involved specialists. Whereas the number of EA/TEF-related publications is constantly growing, no thorough assessment of the global research architecture has been performed yet. Hence, this study aimed to critically evaluate the scientific EA/TEF activities in relation to geographical developments and existing research networks using a combination of scientometric methodologies and visualization tools. Methods A comprehensive search strategy for the Web of Science™ database was designed to retrieve bibliographic data on scientific EA/TEF publications for the time span between January 1900 and December 2018. The total reseach output of countries, institutions, individual authors, and collaborative networks was analzyed. Semiqualitative research measures, including citation rate and h-index, were assessed. Choropleth mapping and network diagrams were employed to visualize results. Results A total of 4586 publications on EA/TEF were identified, originating from 86 countries (79.0% written in English). The largest number was published by the USA (n = 799; 17.4%), the UK (n = 260; 5.7%), and Canada (n = 190; 4.1%). The USA produced the highest number of co-operative articles (n = 73) and the most productive collaborative networks were established between USA/Canada (n = 22), USA/Netherlands (n = 19), and USA/Germany (n = 13). Scientific papers from the UK received the highest average citation rate, with 17.6 citations per item, whereas the USA, with 47, had the highest country-specific h-index. Eighty-two articles were published under the auspices of multicenter research consortiums and national study groups. The most productive institutions and authors were based in the UK, the USA, France, Canada, Australia, the Netherlands, Finland, and Spain. Conclusions This is the first in-depth analysis of the worldwide EA/TEF research activity, offering unique insights into the global scientific landscape in this field. Over the past decades, EA/TEF research has increasingly become multidisciplinary but the main research endeavors continue to be concentrated in a few high-income countries. International EA/TEF collaborations and translational research should be strengthened to foster true scientific progress with this rare condition.

Recent years have seen a renewed interest in the possibilities of digital technology to assist with urban planning, spurred by increased digitisation of planning work, and ever improving data availability and processing capabilities. Hidden behind recent developments is over 30 years of research and development by scholars in the field of Planning Support Systems (PSS), although to date there have been few attempts to systematically characterise their output or achievements. This paper reports on the results of a citation network analysis (CNA) on the PSS literature contained within the Scopus database, a systematic method to describe the overall structure of the field, mapping out of key research streams and how they change over time. The analysis reveals 27 distinct research streams under four themes, split between technical and applied research. There is strong evidence of a field still clearly defined by its roots in comprehensive software systems used for scenario and land use planning although shifting over time from a focus on the development of modelling techniques to applied research and case studies in the use of applications. Research output has remained steady in the context of exponential growth in related literature including smart cities, urban science and urban analytics. These findings support calls for a refreshed approach to the field as planning support science and the map produced by this analysis provides a valuable framework to navigate past research efforts to inform a new era of digital planning efforts.

PurposeThis paper aims to the perspective of stakeholders, from external variables of the Building Information Modeling (BIM) system, users, task flow, the nature of the development of the execution process, organizational structure and policy impacts, that established a relationship among the internal concepts and intentions for the BIM application, individual or organizational differences, controlling interference factors and environmental constraints, discussed the combination of the values and barriers of BIM implementation.Design/methodology/approachThrough the co-occurrence statistics and genre analysis based on co-citation context analysis and constructs the common information that impacts the combination of values and barriers of BIM implementation. Then, the paper chose the expert database of the green construction and intelligent building branch of the China construction association, and obtained 104 sample data through modified snowball sampling, using exploratory factor analysis with factor load linear functions, combined factor variance contribution rate weights.actor variance contribution rate weights.FindingsThe results show that eight aspects can be defined as the values of BIM implementation (VI), and the barriers of BIM implementation (BI) mainly come from five aspects caused by insufficient cognition and two aspects of an uncertain value in China.Originality/valueThis research reflects a combined evaluation of the values of BIM implementation and barriers of BIM and highlights the significance of the sustainable development of BIM technology and the value of building future informatization applications.

PurposeThe demanding nature of construction industry poses serious health risks to construction workers. In recent years, construction health management (CHM) has gained much attention to ensure a healthier and safer workplace. However, there is still lack of a systematic review to bring together the disaggregated studies and determine the development status of this research field. As essential for addressing health issues in construction industry, a bibliometric and content-based review on of previous CHM studies would be presented in this paper.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 753 journal articles published in Web of Science core collection from 1990 to 2020 were examined using a systematic review. Bibliometric analysis concentrated on the analysis of publication and citation pattern of CHM research while content analysis was employed to identify main health hazards, levels of analysis and topical focuses.FindingsThe results indicated that the USA was the leading country in this research domain. Five health hazards together with 17 research topics at different levels of analysis were classified to allow researchers to track the structure and temporal evolution of the research field. Finally, three emerging trends and a set of research agenda were proposed to guide future research directions.Originality/valueIt is the first to highlight the issues of occupational health management from the perspective of construction workers. It contributes to the field of construction health management by clarifying the knowledge structure, emerging trends and future research directions. It offers valuable guidance and in-depth understanding to researchers, practitioners and policymakers to further promote construction workers' health performance.

PurposeNear misses are important references for the construction industry to move toward zero injuries, and are of great significance in reducing accidents and improving safety education. To fully improve the construction industry's understanding and standardize the management process of near-miss events, this paper describes a systematic review of the research front and intellectual basis of near-miss events based on scientometric technique and CiteSpace.Design/methodology/approachThe authors reviewed and summarized the research wave and definitions of near-miss events in construction. The science mapping approach is used to conduct quantitative analyses of 120 relevant articles published between 2009 and 2019. Three research themes are identified via author analysis, keyword analysis and co-citation analysis: the construction of near-miss management systems, near-miss events research and characteristic research.FindingsIt is found that improving the data collection method to maximize the quality of near-miss reports, optimizing and verifying the event analysis model considering the characteristics of near-miss events in construction, establishing a more comprehensive framework for the analysis of near-miss events and building a highly inclusive technology integration platform are the four main development directions for the future.Originality/valueAccording to Heinrich's law, incidents are mainly blamed on near-miss events such as workers' unsafe behaviors. Due to the complexity and variability of the construction site, near-miss events in construction may have different features. This article helps promote the understanding of near misses in academia, standardizing the management process of near-miss events, which is conducive to mining the potential value of such events in practice. Some insights into the research front and the intellectual base of near-miss research in construction are proposed.

Paul Virilio. The Information Bomb. London: Verso, 2000. 145 pp., ISBN: 1-85984-745-5 (hardback). Born in Paris in 1932, the French political and 'technocultural' theorist Paul Virilio is the leading exponent of the idea that 'dromology' (the logic of speed) stands at the centre of the political formation and technocultural transformation of the contemporary world. Virilio is an architect of the 'Brutalist' school and political 'critic of the art of technology' as well as a Husserlian phenomenologist and post-Einsteinian analyst of technoculture. In recent years Virilio has developed his own political approach to the technocultural and experiential effects of speed and technoscience on the organisation of cyberspace and cyberculture. It is an approach that is increasingly being adopted and adapted by a variety of pre-eminent thinkers on the Left such as Jean Baudrillard, Slavoj Zizek and Andre Gorz. As the son of a Breton mother and an Italian communist father in Nazi-occupied France, Virilio spent the majority of World War II as an anxious evacuee in Nantes. In 1950 he converted to Christianity in the fraternity of 'worker-priests'. Virilio was educated at the L'École des Métiers d'Art in Paris and first became a craftsman in stained glass before becoming a sort of intellectual provocateur and co-editor of Architecture Principe, an architectural group and occasional review devoted to radical political and architectural experimentation. Between 1963 and 1966 Virilio dedicated his time to studying the architecture of war and to the construction of the 'bunker church' of Sainte-Bernadette du Banlay at Nevers. Virilio became politically active during the 1968 May revolt and this led to an irrevocable split with his partner in Architecture Principe, the architect Claude Parent. In 1969 Virilio was instated as a professor of architecture at the École Speciale d'Architecture at the behest of the students there, a position he occupied until his retirement in 1997. Virilio's major work is Speed & Politics: An Essay on Dromology (1986), written, he maintains, to raise the political question of speed as the hidden side of economic development. Virilio's recent texts such as Open Sky (1997) and now The Information Bomb can therefore be regarded as important advances in his current work on the politics of techno, or, cyberculture. As the son of a Breton mother and an Italian communist father in Nazi-occupied France, Virilio spent the majority of World War II as an anxious evacuee in Nantes. In 1950 he converted to Christianity in the fraternity of 'worker-priests'. Virilio was educated at the L'École des Métiers d'Art in Paris and first became a craftsman in stained glass before becoming a sort of intellectual provocateur and co-editor of Architecture Principe, an architectural group and occasional review devoted to radical political and architectural experimentation. Between 1963 and 1966 Virilio dedicated his time to studying the architecture of war and to the construction of the 'bunker church' of Sainte-Bernadette du Banlay at Nevers. Virilio became politically active during the 1968 May revolt and this led to an irrevocable split with his partner in Architecture Principe, the architect Claude Parent. In 1969 Virilio was instated as a professor of architecture at the École Speciale d'Architecture at the behest of the students there, a position he occupied until his retirement in 1997. Virilio's major work is Speed & Politics: An Essay on Dromology (1986), written, he maintains, to raise the political question of speed as the hidden side of economic development. Virilio's recent texts such as Open Sky (1997) and now The Information Bomb can therefore be regarded as important advances in his current work on the politics of techno, or, cyberculture. Virilio's newest political and technocultural work, The Information Bomb, is set to become an important text of intellectual and dromological analysis. On its opening page Virilio quotes Werner Heisenberg, the German physicist, chief architect of quantum mechanics and founder of the 'uncertainty principle': 'No one can say what will be "real" for people when the wars which are now beginning come to an end'. Briefly, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle states that if a simultaneous calculation is made of the location and speed of a particle then, no matter how faithful the calculations, there is always an uncertainty in the values acquired. It deals with the simultaneous calculation of energy and time. The uncertainty occurs because the act of perceiving the system interferes with it in an unpredictable manner. But uncertainty is only significant at the atomic and subatomic levels and at these levels throws the principle of causality into confusion. Virilio's The Information Bomb therefore examines the dromological and uncertain relationships between the 'reality' of the war universe, speed and, crucially, our perception of its main causalities. The key question and the first sentence of Virilio's book is: 'The civilianisation or militarisation of science?' Virilio answers by describing what he calls the catastrophes of postmodern technoscience and globalisation, Americanisation, biotechnology, Internet pornography and the advertising industry in the most uncompromising terms. Virilio's riposte to the question is already contained in the book's title. This is because, for him, since the end of World War II, the militarisation of science and the construction of two kinds of bomb have overshadowed civilian life. The first is the atom bomb, 'which is capable of using the energy of radioactivity to smash matter'. The second is the information bomb, 'which is capable of using the interactivity of information to wreck the peace between nations'. Virilio delineates the existence of the information bomb, of an explosion of mediated misery around the world, in terms of the deterioration of language and the sheer seductive power of TV and computer screens, the acceleration of history and the emergence of new inter-generational conflicts. Virilio forcefully argues that the advent of the information bomb requires the creation of a new type of social deterrence if nations are to avoid the 'fission' of their 'social cores' as they enter into the uncertain and often shocking world of chronopolitics. For this is a topsy-turvy world where neo-liberalism confronts 'cyberfeminism' and the military-scientific complex contemplates the arrival of 'cyberwar' and 'grey ecology' (the pollution of distances) under the sign of cinematic disinformation from Hollywood and the technological transformation of work through the introduction of mobile phones and 'zero-hour' contracts. Or, as Virilio says at one point in The Information Bomb: in today's 'dromocratic' capitalism, when the biotech corporation calls, 'you come running'. It would, though, be incorrect to view Virilio's political opposition to the uncritical acceptance of technoculture and the explosion of the information bomb as a wholly pessimistic stance on the spread of neo-liberalism in realms such as the multimedia. Virilio's work is, for example, in no way analogous to that of Baudrillard, the intellectual high priest of postmodernism. In truth, Virilio manifestly frames his recent writings in relation to a guarded optimism concerning what I have elsewhere called his 'hypermodern' technocultural theory: a theory involved with the acceleration and dislocation of modern forms of thought about the contemporary world and how it is depicted. It is therefore perfectly plausible to derive from Virilio's dromological texts a scientifically 'uncertain' conception of 'reality' that focusses on the concepts of hypermodernism and 'hypermodernity'. The latter is an idea centred on coming to terms with the speeding-up of historical processes and a critical analysis of modernity based on a political perception of technoculture that is catastrophic. In this way, Virilio typically conceives of the developments he documents in The Information Bomb not as the psychoanalytic problems of progress but as the technoscientific and 'excessive' displacement of them. It is a conceptualisation that is evident in his dromological and dynamic writings on the subject of 'information superhighways' and the 'full range of communications disturbances acquired over the recent centuries of technology'. 'In this field', Virilio says, progress 'acts like a forensic scientist on us' since it violates 'each bodily orifice'. But such 'brutal incursions' do not merely influence individuals; they colonise them. For Virilio, then, progress 'heaps up, accumulates and condenses in each of us the full range of (visual, social, psycho-motor, affective, sexual, etc.) detrital disorders which it has taken on with each innovation, each with their full complement of specific injuries'. All criticism of technology having disappeared, 'we have slid unconsciously from pure technology to techno-culture and, lastly, to the dogmatism of a totalitarian techno-cult...' As can be ascertained from the above examples, Virilio's work sits uneasily with almost all the prevailing paradigms and methodological approaches currently on offer. Chasing a multitude of Foucauldian discontinuities and shape-shifting Deleuzian inflected 'lines of flight' simultaneously, The Information Bomb can thus be seen as a reflection of his self-professed 'anarcho-Christianity'. It is a methodological stance, political perspective and religious position Virilio shares to some extent with the author of The Technological Society (1964), the late Jacques Ellul. Viewed from this angle, Virilio's oppositional and overtly political writings on the 'hypermodern condition' present a comprehensible methodological outlook. It is, however, an outlook that is somewhat at odds with the political and intellectual terrain occupied by 'transpolitical' postmodernists such as Baudrillard, 'poststructuralist anarchists' like Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze and the deconstructionist and 'spectral Marxist' Jacques Derrida. Nonetheless, it would be a mistake to imagine that Virilio's rather abstract writings in The Information Bomb opposing the rise of neo-liberalism and the hypermodern condition have not touched a nerve in France. Left-leaning theoreticians and the editors of newspapers such as Le Monde Diplomatique regularly pursue Virilio's forthright opinions in the form of articles and interviews on everything from Fukuyama's The End of History and the Last Man (1992) to his own thoughts on the end of geography and technoculture. Virilio is therefore a very creative political theorist who articulates himself with equal ease in academic and non-specialist technocultural works. Unlike Foucault, Virilio is the personification of the 'engaged intellectual'. Rather than simply opting for the life of a professor of architecture at the École Speciale d' Architecture, Virilio has always chosen to communicate his ideas to as wide an audience as possible, a strategy that earned him a 'National Award for Criticism' in 1987. Virilio's contemporary writings thus necessarily involve a dromological, political and technocultural encounter with the militarisation of science in the shape of the Internet. Even so, unlike Virilio's earlier texts such as Open Sky (1997), in The Information Bomb Virilio does not merely concentrate his gaze on society's apparent need for speed but, decisively, on its present-day extension into pornography and advertising and their integration into the commercialisation of the art world. Describing the 1997 London Royal Academy exhibition entitled 'Sensation' ostensibly held to present young British artists, Virilio suggests that, like many others, in actuality, this exhibition was designed and presented by 'the sex-culture-advertising movement'. This is because the '110 works on display (a portrait of child-murderer Myra Hindley, casts of childlike bodies with mouths replaced by phalluses, etc.) belonged, without exception, to Charles Saatchi, one of Britain's great advertising moguls'. What is at issue here for Virilio is the recognition that, like the need for speed and the example of the Internet, the distinctions between the world of pornography, the world of art and the world of advertising have all but been obliterated in the name of nothing more profound than 'breaking down the last taboos'. However, in Virilio's hypermodern conception of the 'terminal arts', a 'confrontation between a tortured body and an automatic camera' not only signifies the coming of the 'sex-culture-advertising-complex' but, equally importantly, the onset of 'endocolonisation' or, what takes place when militarised technoscience colonises the human body with the aim of reducing every member of humanity that has 'had its day' to the status of a 'specimen'. The political critiques provided by Virilio in The Information Bomb are a welcome development. For, today, it is sometimes all too easy to criticise the discipline of cultural studies for its celebration of political, technological and cultural différance without any corresponding recognition of economic and other inequalities founded on class, gender and race. Moreover, Virilio's fervent and occasionally maniacal critique of the art of technology stands out because it stretches from political and technocultural studies to economic and film studies, sometimes in the space of a single paragraph. Taking in Hollywood directors and obvious film productions such as Jan de Bont's Speed as well as the work of French cinematic pioneers like the Lumière brothers', Virilio's The Information Bomb is an important publication. But, unlike numerous other 'cybercultural' tomes, the significance of this book is derived from the fact that it also manages to extend the scope of political and technocultural studies through the provision of often-abstruse pronouncements such as Kafka's claim that the cinema 'involves putting the eye into uniform'. The political critiques provided by Virilio in The Information Bomb are a welcome development. For, today, it is sometimes all too easy to criticise the discipline of cultural studies for its celebration of political, technological and cultural différance without any corresponding recognition of economic and other inequalities founded on class, gender and race. Moreover, Virilio's fervent and occasionally maniacal critique of the art of technology stands out because it stretches from political and technocultural studies to economic and film studies, sometimes in the space of a single paragraph. Taking in Hollywood directors and obvious film productions such as Jan de Bont's Speed as well as the work of French cinematic pioneers like the Lumière brothers', Virilio's The Information Bomb is an important publication. But, unlike numerous other 'cybercultural' tomes, the significance of this book is derived from the fact that it also manages to extend the scope of political and technocultural studies through the provision of often-abstruse pronouncements such as Kafka's claim that the cinema 'involves putting the eye into uniform'. Yet it would be wrong to think that such an individualistic political and technocultural approach cannot be extended beyond Virilio's own anarcho-Christianity or the writings of Ellul. For example, Virilio's The Art of the Motor (1995) has been an important reference point in the recent writings of imaginative Marxists as distinct as Zizek in The Plague of Fantasies (1997) and Gorz in Reclaiming Work: Beyond the Wage-Based Society (1999). It would be difficult to believe that The Information Bomb will not become another significant source in the future works of other creative radicals, offering as it does not only a provisional pathway out of the quicksand of postmodernism but also a way into the sympathies of ordinary people. Firing off political concepts and technocultural neologisms at the speed of light, Virilio's passionately argued texts do not always hit their intended targets. But for anyone seeking a hypermodern critique of the cultural logic of late militarism that ranges from the Internet and the commercialisation of art to endocolonisation and the accident, Virilio's radical political and technocultural theory of speed contained in The Information Bomb is just what you have been waiting for. Citation reference for this article MLA style: John Armitage. "The Uncertainty Principle: Paul Virilio's 'The Information Bomb'." M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3.3 (2000). [your date of access] <http://www.api-network.com/mc/0006/virilio.php>. Chicago style: John Armitage, "The Uncertainty Principle: Paul Virilio's 'The Information Bomb'," M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3, no. 3 (2000), <http://www.api-network.com/mc/0006/virilio.php> ([your date of access]). APA style: John Armitage. (2000) The uncertainty principle: Paul Virilio's 'The information bomb'. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3(3). <http://www.api-network.com/mc/0006/virilio.php> ([your date of access]).