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Journal articles on the topic 'Architecture [discipline]'
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Askland, Hedda Haugen, Ramsey Awad, Justine Chambers, and Michael Chapman. "Anthropological Quests in Architecture: Pursuing the Human Subject." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v8i3.424.
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In this paper, we explore what architectural practice and, more specifically, the architectural research domain, may gain from the theoretical and methodological premise of anthropology and ethnography. The paper explores a historical link between anthropology and architecture as academic disciplines, arguing that the disciplines are aligned through anthropology’s search for understanding the conditions of humanity and architecture’s role in forming these very conditions. We do not intend to explicate the individual disciplines but are interested in the crossover between the two and, more specifically, what insights anthropology and ethnography may offer to the discipline of architecture. We consider the relationship between anthropology and architecture, as both a research domain and a profession, and question how anthropology—as an approach to research more so than a discipline—can contribute to the advancement of architectural practice and research.
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Ereš, Davor. "The Influence of Temporality: Exhibiting Architecture and the Prospect of Immediacy of Discipline at the Venice Biennale." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, no. 31 (September 15, 2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i29.569.
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The state of architecture being exhibited and (re)exposed through formats of public display does not present the central framework of architectural production. However, the condition of exhibiting architecture is opening a set of valuable prospects for the discipline – it creates a specific temporal form of displacement for architecture in which a multifaceted set of connotations and views of this discipline is being provoked. The exhibition and its structure are understood here primarily as a point in time; a specific temporal form with its own tactics of appearance that make the notion of contemporaneity occur.
Taking the context of the Venice Biennale of Architecture as the most prominent platform for global overview of architectural practice, this paper will reflect on today’s relevance of architecture as an aesthetic discipline related not only to designing (projection and production of architecture), but to its post-production (exhibiting architecture) as well. Claiming that architectural contemporaneity is motivated primarily by the urge for actuality – setting the new emerges as the formative property of the discipline.
This paper aims to prove that the specific temporal form of exhibition reveals a proposition for regenerating the competency of architectural discipline. This proposition about being present manifests itself as a prospect for the immediacy of the discipline, as the qualitative evidence of architecture’s immanency to continuously reconstitute and actualize, maintaining the passage to keep its influence in shaping our world.
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Smith, Chris L., and Sandra Kaji-O'Grady. "Exaptive translations between biology and architecture." Architectural Research Quarterly 18, no. 2 (June 2014): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135514000463.
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‘Translation’ is dealt with in this paper as a descriptor of the transformation that occurs as a concept, structure, image or notion is appropriated from one discipline to another. This understanding of translation as process or movement, rather than a field of overlap between disciplines, is facilitated by the work of the philosopher Michel Foucault. Foucault considers disciplinarity as the structural demarcation of knowledge and information (discourse) and the demarcations that are disciplined by knowledge. This understanding may be expressed as: disciplines as a disciplining. Foucault rejects the idea of disciplines as bounded self-similar content, arguing instead that disciplinarity lies in the framing of logics applied to content. The disciplines in question are considered in their contingency and temporality yet are not entirely bound by them. Thus, a coherent and organised discipline such as biology dates from the beginning of the nineteenth century. Before then its subject matters either were comprehended within other disciplinary frameworks (natural history) or were considered outside science itself (natural theology). In The Order of Things (1966), Foucault groups several naturalists, including Buffon (French eighteenth century) and Darwin (British nineteenth century), as belonging to the same ‘discourse’ or discursive family. Separating disciplinarity from the origin of ideas and time of writing fosters the productive translation of concepts, images and artefacts between disciplines.
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Ćipranić, Miloš. "Avenues of Approach – Petar Bojanić and the Institution of Architecture." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, no. 12 (April 15, 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i12.171.
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The philosopher Petar Bojanić advocates resistance of the architectural discipline to the philosophy of architecture. Using the technique of mise-en-scène, in “Thinking Architecture/Disciplining Architecture” (2015) Bojanić reaffirms that after architecture’s theoretical turn in the second half of the 20th century the architect is undoubtedly capable of theoretically thematizing his/her own work. I argue strongly that this implies, among other things, building a disciplinary language, which must reconcile, or at least balance between, the verbal and non-verbal form of expression. Also, I try to show that it is precisely theory that the architect has needed through history to establish the architectural discipline as liberal and autonomous.In “The Real and the Theoretical” (2013) the philosopher from Belgrade stresses the tensions between reality and theory present in the work of the architect. Theorizing in the field of architecture carries a danger of severe detachment from currently important and pressing social problems. Since there is no discipline without a group and since architecture is defined as the art of community, architectural practice can be understood, as it is in “The Architectural Philosophy” (2013), as a spatial way of transforming society. Article received: December 12, 2016; Article accepted: January 10, 2017; Published online: April 20, 2017Original scholarly paperHow to cite this article: Ćipranić, Miloš. "Avenues of Approach – Petar Bojanić and the Institution of Architecture." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 12 (2017): 109-120.
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Kumaraku, Llazar, and Dasara Pula. "Identity of Architecture: The Case of the National Library of Kosovo." Athens Journal of Architecture 9, no. 3 (June 29, 2023): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.9-3-2.
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This article is part of a research on concepts that belong to theoretical speculation sin the discipline of architecture. The main intention is to shed light on the relationship of these theoretical concepts with the construction of architectural form and the episteme of architecture itself. One such concept is the identity of architecture. In this context, this research aims to clarify the interplay between identity – as a theoretical concept that is directly related to the form – and the architectural discipline. The first hypothesis is that architectural forms do not have a particular identity detached from their formal essence, but have an identity expressed by morphology. Second, different architectures, being forms of representations, express an external identity depended on the historical, political, social or cultural conditions. This article defines three main plans through which the identity of an architectural work is manifested: formal, stylistic/linguistic, and technological. The followed methodological approach is based on a theoretical analysis of the concept of identity, its contextualization within the discipline of architecture, and the interpretation of the results of such analysis through the case study of the National Library of Kosovo, built in Prishtina during 1971-1982. The study of the National Library is conceived as an example where the results obtained at a theoretical level and which aim to further clarify the discourse on the presented concepts, are expected to be verified.
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Oukawa, Carolina. "Potentialities of drawing from observation in architectural analysis based on an analysis of the Copan building." Estoa, no. 15 (2019): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18537/est.v008.n015.a05.
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Observation drawing can be a central tool in architectural analysis. The starting point for reflection was the analytical path of Copan Building, icon of the architecture of São Paulo, designed in the 1950 by Oscar Niemeyer. One of the motivations of that research was the lack of architectural analysis as a discipline. In music, for example, structural disciplines (Harmony, Counterpoint and Musical Perception) lead to Musical Analysis discipline, which combines reading sheet music, listening to recordings and executing the play itself. Similarly, in architecture, observation drawing made in loco can be a tool of recognition of space. In Copan analysis, besides graphical analysis (the closest one still can get from an architectural analysis procedure) successive visits to the building were made. Observation drawing proved to increase spatial perception and, above all, led to discoveries about the work.
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Wang, Yanxia, and Leiyi Chen. "Architectural and Landscape Garden Planning Integrated with Artificial Intelligence Parametric Analysis." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (March 11, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8577269.
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Parametric design, driven by digital technology, has sparked extensive research and debate in the domains of architecture and urban planning, offering a new approach to issue solving. Architecture and landscape architecture, like architecture and urban planning, are disciplines that are part of the artificial environment. Architectural landscape design has begun to be influenced by parametric design. This study presents a more technical parametric design technique of architectural landscape design that involves artificial intelligence parametric analysis and proposes an architectural landscape planning and design method that incorporates artificial intelligence (AI) parametric analysis. This is a new discipline of concurrent design that complements and expands architectural landscape design methodologies and is based on artificial intelligence methods. This study integrates artificial intelligence parametric design theory and methodology into architectural landscape design and presents a parametric method appropriate for landscape architecture design based on architectural landscape architecture characteristics.
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Fadjar Maharika, Ilya. "Re-charting Architecture or the End of “Architecture” as We Know It?" SHS Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184102005.
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As a discipline, the exchange of ideas between architecture and other disciplines or subject areas occurs as a rule rather than an exception. In an attempt to re-chart architecture, mapping the exchange may give a more complete picture as a reflection of architecture itself. In doing so, a survey of the use of the word “architecture” was carried out. Scopus.com was used extensively to explore articles using the word in their abstract, keyword, or title. The finding shows that the word “architecture” is extensively used in nearly all subject areas in Scopus stretching the meaning of architecture to its widest as the organization of things. That “Architecture” itself seems to be diminishing leads to more questions particularly regarding Architectural Education 4.0.
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Fioriti, Marco, Pierluigi Della Vecchia, and Giuseppa Donelli. "Effect of Progressive Integration of On-Board Systems Design Discipline in an MDA Framework for Aircraft Design with Different Level of Systems Electrification." Aerospace 9, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9030161.
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The on-board design discipline is sometimes ignored during the first aircraft design iterations. It might be understandable when a single on-board system architecture is considered, especially when a conventional architecture is selected. However, seeing the trend towards systems electrification, multiple architectures can be defined and each one should be evaluated during the first tradeoff studies. In this way, the systems design discipline should be integrated from the first design iterations. This paper deals with a progressive integration of the discipline to examine the partial or total effect of the systems design inside an MDA workflow. The study is carried out from a systems design perspective, analyzing the effect of electrification on aircraft design, with different MDA workflow arrangements. Starting from a non-iterative systems design, other disciplines such as aircraft performance, engine design, and aircraft synthesis are gradually added, increasing the sensibility of the aircraft design to the different systems architectures. The results show an error of 40% in on-board systems assessment when the discipline is not fully integrated. Finally, using the workflow which allows for greater integration, interesting differences can be noted when comparing systems with different levels of electrification. A possible mass saving of 2.6% of aircraft MTOM can be reached by properly selecting the systems technologies used.
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Fontaine, Andrea Sosa. "Seaming the Dialect of Space." SPACE International Journal of Conference Proceedings 1, no. 2 (December 26, 2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51596/sijocp.v1i2.26.
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Each discipline in the built environment has a unique dialect for thinking, designing, crafting, and inhabiting space. Words such as tectonics, materiality, and vernacular all hold a specific interpretation in architecture. Even common words have understated complexity, but only when offered under an architectural lens, words such as gesture, negotiate, and scale. Interiors also have their own language, words such as adjacency, identity, surface, and atmosphere. Language from interior design shares most origins with architecture, but arguably, as a discipline, interiors exist at a point of intersection between disciplines. To be classified as an interior, a space needs a boundary, a container, or an expression of an outside; however, the language of interiors does not need to be so contained. Interior design foundationally is interdisciplinary and exists as a point of entry into other disciplines. While interiors and architecture share a dialogue, for architecture to understand interiors means also to use interiors to connect with other disciplines, such as fashion. Interiors offer a means for architecture to speak to fashion and, even more so, to converse with the body. However, existing interior language based primarily on architecture does not acknowledge close ties to other disciplines. Instead of using interiors to translate, imagine what opportunities could unfold if design disciplines were bilingual, understanding their own language but also that of interiors. The paper proposes a method to encourage interdisciplinary dialogue when discussing Design, perhaps even changing how architecture and fashion see each other through a renewed interior dialect. Borrowing words from fashion, like seaming, fit, tailoring, and mending, interior space becomes more fluid, boundaries blur, and ideas are more curious. Making and understanding space starts with remaking the language of interiors.
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Gough, Tim. "Architecture as a Strong Discipline." Architecture and Culture 1, no. 1 (November 2013): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175145213x13760412749953.
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Denning, Peter J., and Pamela A. Dargan. "A discipline of software architecture." Interactions 1, no. 1 (January 2, 1994): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/174800.174807.
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Markova, Madara. "Landscape sociology as developing academic discipline." Landscape architecture and art 14 (July 16, 2019): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.14.09.
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The common tendency in higher education is specialisation. Landscape has been subject of interest in sociology from its beginnings, and social aspects are one of mane characteristic parts of landscape. Even more – sociology is strong theoretical basis of landscape architecture. The research is made with aim to understand theoretical basis of landscape sociology as developing academic discipline. Methodology used in research is systematic literature review, which provides range of tools to identify connections in theory. Literature review was done to define landscape sociology as important academic discipline in higher education of landscape architecture. Landscape and sociology as academic disciplines have long history, but landscape sociology as separate discipline is still developing. It is important include landscape sociology in landscape architecture higher education.
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De Clercq, Camille, and Judy De Roy. "THE CONSERVATION-RESTORATION OF ARCHITECTURAL STATUARY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ETHICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 8 (December 20, 2019): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/odk.1038.
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Between the conservation-restoration of several disciplines like sculpture and that of architecture differences in the application of the general ethical guidelines exist. Because some “objects” like architectural statuary cannot be classified under one specific discipline this paper attempts to outline the parallels between the applicable disciplines and to point out any inconsistencies, thus encouraging an environment in which the cross-pollination of the principles of a minimal, reversible and stable intervention can thrive and bridging the existing gap between the different fields. Two case studies undertaken by KIK-IRPA Brussels of the treatment of architectural statuary from around 1900 in Brussels are used to illustrate some of these aspects.
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Kurath, Monika. "Architecture as a Science: Boundary Work and the Demarcation of Design Knowledge from Research." Science & Technology Studies 28, no. 3 (January 1, 2015): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55343.
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Recent STS literature has described a trend of academisation in higher education and universities in which administrative bodies and formalised practices like evaluations have gained increased influence. This article discusses the impact of such trends on the discipline of architecture, focusing on the strains and boundaries that architectural faculties face in their research and teaching practice. Specifically, the development of design knowledge from individual and multiple theoretical and methodological approaches, the tight connection with tacit knowledge forms, as well as the use of non-formalised tenure and peer-review indicate on-going processes of boundary work (Gieryn, 1983), where external disciplines evaluate architectural knowledge production and demarcate it from their own research approaches. Due to the increased meaning of evaluations, such boundary work plays an increasing role in framing the form and content of design research. In this respect, architectural research becomes a matter of negotiation that not only involves architecture, but also traditional research disciplines as well as the added restrictions of interdisciplinary and administrative bodies.
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Silberberger, Jan. "Architecture Schools and Their Relationship with Research: It’s Complicated." Dimensions 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/dak-2021-0110.
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Editorial Summary In »Architecture Schools and Their Relationship with Research: It’s Complicated«, Jan Silberberger describes the problematic divide between practicing architects that teach design at architecture schools and scholars investigating the practices of designing from a theoretical or social scientific perspective. Identifying three recurrent misunderstandings between these two groups, he stresses the lack of awareness about genuine research approaches within the discipline of architecture. Emphasizing the interconnectivity of research and practice, Silberberger highlights the potential for further development of the discipline that thorough reflections on the methodologies applied in architectural design afford. [Katharina Voigt]
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Cohen, Jeffrey A. "Building a Discipline: Early Institutional Settings for Architectural Education in Philadelphia, 1804-1890." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 53, no. 2 (June 1, 1994): 139–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990890.
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Histories of American architectural education have usually focused on the advent of university departments of architecture shortly after the Civil War, but prior to that there were a number of institutions sponsoring or projecting architectural programs of various sorts that were attended by scores of future architects and builders. In Philadelphia these included schools of architectural drawing, lecture series on architecture, and schools of architecture in a fuller sense. Among the most prominent figures involved as instructors, lecturers, organizers, or students were Owen Biddle, William Strickland, John Haviland, T. U. Walter, G. Parker Cummings, and John McArthur, Jr. This paper surveys several of these programs, which complemented office training for many architects and designing builders of the nineteenth century.
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Robbins, Felix. "Workshop for potential architecture: Implications and opportunities for (re)constructing." Design Ecologies 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 67–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/des_00016_1.
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This article presents fragments of an ongoing research enquiry into the opportunities for reconstructing practice as a workshop for potential architecture (Oulipo). The projects presented develop from a completed Ph.D. thesis and explore models for architecture when conceived as an unstable, diverse and fluctuating activity through the theoretical work of my businesses as a-project and a-plot. The work is a constant architectural enquiry that seeks to challenge the persistence of reductive models of the discipline producing singular objects and associated constructions of legitimacy. The research instead reflects on practising as an active and ongoing enquiry for collective reinterpretations, references and opportunities between disciplines and environments – operating as speculative and projective essays that acknowledge the instabilities, contradictions and uncertainties inherent in designing anything. I continue to explore the potential in shifting the emphasis of architectural practice away from a reductive and deterministic model of production (with associated crises of value) and towards a dynamic, flexible and irresolute agency for practice that is reflective and involving. Models for architecture that are continuously responsive and embedded in the fluctuating environment of potential production (a broad interpretation of site as an evolving situation for practice and an ecology of diverse branching opportunities, contradictions and potential resolutions). The research develops these ideas for practice with a constant questioning and reframing of enquiry – an involving essay for practice – that branches across and through divergent material and referential frames and recognizes the inherent transdisciplinarity of any activity. The projects in this article explore the implications of a multiple situation derived from archetypical architectural conditions, originating narratives of architecture and theoretical rules where the apparent confidence that architecture constructs is revealed as a dynamic, unstable and involving translation. Through this process the language of the discipline is exposed – not fixed or certain, but shifting, blending, branching and interacting with a fluctuating network of situations and contexts. Drawing through and within (as digital and analogue mixtures) the complex interrelationships within the discipline of an architectural ecology reveals potential projections for architecture. Projections that recognize the contingent instabilities, elisions, modulations and episodic cadences of practice as a constant unfolding essay for practising. This article therefore argues for a dynamic agency for practice as a diverse, multiple and unstable activity that is constantly reframed, reconstructed and projected within shifting environments and contingent situations. It develops models for practice that are enabling, irresolute and speculative situations rather than fixed products – inhabiting partial, incomplete, transitory and implicit strategies for practising. This might expose architecture, dismantle the artificial constructions of reductive production and project possibilities for a more integrated and multiple workshop for potential architecture?
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Agung Ayu Suci Warakanyaka, Anak, and Yandi Andri Yatmo. "Understanding the Importance of Time in Interior Architectural Design Method." SHS Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184104009.
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The presence of time holds an important position in interior architectural practice and education. On theother hand, the presence of time challenges the stability and steadiness that framed the discipline. Furthermore, in interior architectural practice it is usually seen as a threat that should be either eliminatedor restricted. Rather than establishing defense mechanism against it, this paper argues that interiorarchitectural practice should be able to progress with time. By looking through undergraduate designstudio projects in Interior Architecture Program, Department of Architecture, Universitas Indonesia, this paper aims to addressed how the presence of time might affect, transform and even generate context specific interior architectural design methods that enables several dynamic forms of inhabitation. The out come of this study provides the opportunity for interior discipline to switch its focus, from the discipline that focuses on the aesthetic and constructional aspects, to the one that embraces the temporal aspectsof sociocultural conditions to enhance the wellbeing of its inhabitant.
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Kaminer, Tahl. "Autonomy and commerce: the integration of architectural autonomy." Architectural Research Quarterly 11, no. 1 (March 2007): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135507000504.
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More than three decades ago, the architectural historian Manfredo Tafuri pessimistically concluded that a revolutionary architecture cannot precede a social revolution. In this comment, he summed up the perceived failure of Modernist architecture to realise a social utopia. The comment implied that the architectural discipline, as part of the superstructure, cannot affect society; rather, it is the means and forces of production which determine society, while architecture only reacts, corresponds and represents these changes.
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D’Alessandro, Martina. "Oswald Mathias Ungers at Belvederestrasse: Self-portrait in the Studio." Athens Journal of Architecture 8, no. 4 (October 5, 2022): 405–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.8-4-5.
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Planning implies a double register of actions. On the one hand the architect establishes a dialogue with the reality, performing a maieutic action that allows him to arrive to an epiphany concerning the context’s deepest meanings. On the other hand, the obstetrical role of the architect is propaedeutic to the creative act of designing that, in the poietic impetus, pushes the architect towards the definition of a dynamic continuum of renewed principles. In the tension between maieutic and poietic, between autonomy and heteronomy of the architectural discipline, the nature of architecture is rooted. Working with the interdisciplinary dimension of architecture corresponds to the opportunity of drawing a cultural self-portrait, of which it is possible to decrypt the traits through the patient scanning of images, photographs, objects collected in the memorabilia. Individuals like Oswald Mathias Ungers (1926-2007) express, in an extraordinarily clear and fascinating way, the attitude of working within architecture through other disciplines. OMU arrives on the scene of architectural culture not only for his works and his theoretical contributions, but also for the importance of his art and rare books private collection. The collected artworks are matrixes at the basis of his architectures, they reflect his ideas through the free tools of art. Ungers’ studiolo, built in his house in Belvederestrasse in Cologne, assumes the value of a place of retreat in an ideal and inscrutable spot, in which Ungers can study his art collection and reflect on the cultural matrixes of his architecture. The thesis that this essay wants to explore is the relationship between OMU’s architecture and the system of references to the sister arts of architecture, considering the Kubus-Haus as a paradigm of this interdisciplinary interweaving based on suggestions, analogies, similarities, connections and overlaps, that have created a general and complicated system akin to a palimpsest.
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Sarah M. Hirschman. "Legalizing Architecture: How Congress Defined the Discipline." Future Anterior: Journal of Historic Preservation, History, Theory, and Criticism 12, no. 1 (2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/futuante.12.1.0017.
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Larrabee, R. C. "Software architecture: a maturing discipline [Book Review]." IEEE Software 19, no. 1 (January 2002): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.2002.976949.
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Meenakumari, P. "THE HUMANITIES THROUGH ARCHITECTURE." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 2 (February 8, 2020): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i2.2018.162.
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Architecture has taken various impression and expression of what it is and its intent through the perspective of man, by the reflection of the place and its existence through time. The architecture being viewed as humanities was one progressive perspective by man, spanning from the period when buildings were erected in the past to the present. Architecture is a peculiar public art with buildings having a social function, and many buildings have public interface. The paper discusses architecture as discipline, which personifies man as the important entity and is define through primary humanistic disciplines philosophy, history, language, literature and theology .The appropriate conclusive contention is to view architecture through the atmosphere of humanities which affirms meaning and purpose to modern science, rather than merely comprising a series of supplementary fields of intellectual enquiry, alongside with scientific counterparts.
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Costa, Thais Santos, Elzilane Carvalho, Wilson De Barros Feitosa Júnior, Raquel Nadine Cavalcante Ferreira, and Joelmir Marques da Silva. "Applied Botany to Landscape Architecture as a discipline: an experience in the Architecture and Urbanism undergraduate course at Federal University of Pernambuco." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.1.p221-233.
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Knowing and understanding plants are essential factors for a successful landscape architecture project. Great landscape architects from the 20th and 21st centuries - such as Burle Marx, Fernando Chacel, Rosa Kliass, Caldeira Cabral, and Piet Oudolf - perceive vegetation as a link between nature and the city, in which the valuation and the respect for the landscape are the central points. Unfortunately, little focus has been given to the appropriate employment of plants in landscape architecture projects at architecture and urbanism schools, resulting in generic planting schemes. Should these schemes be called landscape architecture projects? Oppositely, Applied Botany to Landscape Architecture has as one of its objectives providing knowledge for the conception of plant palettes, which should consider not only aesthetic criteria but also biological and environmental ones from each species to establish a harmonious relationship with the existing environment. Thus, this article intends to present the experience and the results achieved in the discipline AQ553 - Special Topics in Architecture, Urbanism and Landscape Architecture Theory III (Applied Botany to Landscape Architecture). For this discipline, it was adopted descriptive and bibliographical research as a methodology, which has made possible the understanding of aesthetical and environmental matters related to the plant element and how these attributes can be reflected in a landscape architecture project. By leading students to consider the architectural and biological aspects of the vegetation components in their proposals, the procedure adopted in this discipline had great outcomes; for instance, improvements in the areas of environmental perception, graphic representation and design of landscaping projects.
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Mandrapa, Đorđe, and Vladimir Parežanin. "Vernacular architecture in Serbia in the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries: Transformation and disappearance." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 8, no. 1 (2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1601001m.
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The purpose of this study is to reevaluate general theoretical and practical interpretation of vernacular architecture in Serbia in the 19th and the first half of 20th century. This incorporates the understanding of vernacular architecture in a wider context, through interpretations of various authors, who do not only observe its design value, but also the cultural and spiritual values. Since vernacular architecture cannot be recognized as a singular discipline, but within the area of many disciplines, the wider interpretation is mandatory. Although celebrated and recognized as archetypal, vernacular architecture in the studied period is fading away and gradually disappears, faced with modern building techniques and architectural styles, brought by formally educated builders. The goal of this study is to examine the processes within which mentioned transformation is occurring and, accordingly, to understand the vernacular architecture which developed in practice. Since vernacular architecture in Serbian historiography has up to now only been examined in the context of traditional rural architecture, or of, so called national style, the main premise of the study is to offer another approach to this kind of creation, so as to examine and critically view the recent dominant understanding of application of vernacular principles and elements in the architecture of the mentioned period.
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de la Fuente Prieto, J., E. Castaño Perea, and F. Labrador Arroyo. "AUGMENTED REALITY IN ARCHITECTURE: REBUILDING ARCHEOLOGICAL HERITAGE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W3 (February 23, 2017): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w3-311-2017.
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With the development in recent years of augmented reality and the appearance of new mobile terminals and storage bases on-line, we find the possibility of using a powerful tool for transmitting architecture. This paper analyzes the relationship between Augmented Reality and Architecture. Firstly, connects the theoretical framework of both disciplines through the Representation concept. Secondly, describes the milestones and possibilities of Augmented Reality in the particular field of archaeological reconstruction. And lastly, once recognized the technology developed, we face the same analysis from a critical point of view, assessing their suitability to the discipline that concerns us is the architecture and within archeology.
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Schmid, Peter. "Architectural Drawings: Teaching and Understanding a Visual Discipline." Dimensions 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/dak-2021-0122.
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Editorial Summary Professional drawing has always played an important role in the training of architects. Plan-drawings have already been sufficiently considered in established architectural research. The research of Peter Schmid presented in this text focuses on so far only scarcely examined architectural sketchbooks as well as various records used for architectural education, such as manuscripts for lectures or notes on perspective theory which belong to the »Munich School« - a tradition of teaching hand-drawing that developed over a period of 150 years through an on-going teacher-student relationship at the Technical University of Munich. He finds that the aim of »Munich School« was not only learning how to illustrate, but also to comprehend architecture through graphic analysis - thereby combining teaching and practice. Against the background that the interest in hand-drawings has significantly increased in recent years, the research helps to refine the role of hand-drawings today as a tool that sets »processes of cognition in motion«. [Ferdinand Ludwig]
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Vroman, Liselotte. "Drawing body, movement and space in architecture and dance." Drawing: Research, Theory, Practice 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/drtp_00103_1.
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This article discusses drawing as a tool for thinking and understanding embodied spatial experience in an educational context within architecture and dance. In both disciplines, body, movement and space are important components of the creative process. Besides, they also share drawing as a tool for thinking and understanding. However, the types of drawings and drawing techniques used in both disciplines are very different. Based on a literature review, this article offers insights into the knowledge and shortcomings produced by discipline-specific drawings regarding body, movement and space, as well as how it impacts the creative process. Starting from the identified shortcomings, experimental setups in educational environments are used to investigate to what extent the sharing of drawing techniques between both disciplines enables new ways of thinking and understanding, allowing for different attitudes and awareness of the concept of embodied spatial experience. Overall, the article contributes to the discussion of drawing as a creative thinking tool in both disciplines involved.
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Kotusev, Svyatoslav. "Enterprise Architecture: What Did We Study?" International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 26, no. 04 (November 14, 2017): 1730002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843017300029.
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Enterprise architecture (EA) is a description of an enterprise from an integrated business and IT perspective intended to improve business and IT alignment, and is used in the majority of large companies. However, despite that EA was established as an independent discipline long ago, a commonly accepted “big picture” in EA research is still missing. As a result, the scope of the EA discipline is vague, the extent of diversity in EA publications is poorly understood and the progression of the EA research stream over time is unclear. In this paper I conduct a comprehensive EA literature review covering 1075 publications aiming to structure, clarify and consolidate the whole EA research stream. I analyze the distribution of the EA research stream by time, source, research methodology and attitude, code all the issues discussed in EA publications into 42 narrow EA-related topics and 11 broader themes, establish the conceptual relationship between them and present a picture of the EA discipline “on a page”. Moreover, I classify all EA-related topics into four categories according to their lifecycles helping future EA researchers to better understand the evolution of the EA discipline and make the maximum contribution to it.
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Huang, Zhaokun, and Yufang Liang. "Research of data mining and web technology in university discipline construction decision support system based on MVC model." Library Hi Tech 38, no. 3 (June 8, 2019): 610–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-09-2018-0131.
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Purpose Taking the discipline construction in colleges and universities as the application background, based on the research on data mining technology and decision support system technology, the data generated by university management information system are effectively utilized. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Based on the Beijing Key Discipline Information Platform as the data source, the decision tree algorithm of data mining is studied. On the basis of decision tree C4.5, the Bayesian theory is applied to the post-pruning operation of the decision tree. Findings A decision tree post-pruning algorithm based on the Bayesian theory is studied and put forward in order to simplify the decision tree, which improves the generalization ability of the whole algorithm. Finally, the algorithm is used to build the prediction model of key disciplines. Combined with the decision support system architecture, data warehouse and the data mining algorithm constructed by university discipline, based on J2EE standard enterprise system specification, MVC model is applied. Moreover, a prototype system of decision support system for discipline construction in colleges and universities with browser/server (B/S) structure is completed and implemented. Originality/value A decision tree post-pruning algorithm based on the Bayesian theory is studied and put forward in order to simplify the decision tree, which improves the generalization ability of the whole algorithm. Finally, the algorithm is used to build the prediction model of key disciplines. Combined with the decision support system architecture, data warehouse and the data mining algorithm constructed by university discipline, based on J2EE standard enterprise system specification, MVC model is applied. Moreover, a prototype system of decision support system for discipline construction in colleges and universities with B/S structure is completed and implemented.
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Lancaster, Thomas. "Academic Discipline Integration by Contract Cheating Services and Essay Mills." Journal of Academic Ethics 18, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10805-019-09357-x.
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AbstractContract cheating services are marketing to students at discipline level, using increasingly sophisticated techniques. The discipline level reach of these services has not been widely considered in the academic integrity literature. Much of the academic understanding of contract cheating is not discipline specific, but the necessary solutions to this problem may need to vary by discipline. This paper reviews current knowledge about contract cheating services at the discipline level, including summarising four studies that rank the relative volume of contract cheating within different academic disciplines. The reviewed studies show high volumes of contract cheating transactions in the disciplines of Business and Computing. Examples of discipline level contract cheating research and service advertising are provided. The main contribution of the paper is an analysis of the discipline level reach by contract cheating services as seen through an analysis of Google search results from the United Kingdom. This analysis of 19 discipline groups uses measures of organic search engine results, paid results and competition. Three discipline groups are shown as currently being heavily exploited by essay mills; these are: (1) Architecture, Building and Planning, (2) Computer Science and (3) Law. In addition, the discipline group of Creative Arts and Design is shown to be at risk of future exploitation. The paper recommends that academics are made aware about continual change in the contract cheating industry including the involved marketing taking place at discipline level. The paper concludes with a call to action for academia to develop discipline specific solutions to contract cheating.
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Jarocka, Aleksandra. "Architecture and art." Budownictwo i Architektura 6, no. 1 (June 13, 2010): 043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2288.
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This article presents a perception of architecture in the context of an art. Juxtaposing the terms “architecture” and “art,” explaining them and presenting their mutual correlations contributes to deeper comprehension of the subject issue. Thanks to such an operation, the author of this article proves that, in spite of immense discrepancies of opinions published in the Internet, the typically technical discipline of science can also enchant us with its esthetic values. Although a major part of edifices situated in our environment are only hollow and soulless projections, there are still numerous places in the world that can be distinguished only thanks to outstanding premises, namely Sydney Opera. The article provides also a deep insight into various theses proving that both architects and artists look for an inspiration in the surrounding world, especially in the nature itself. In order to corroborate the aforementioned statements, the author of this paper mentions works of such architects as Jean Nouvel, Mies van der Rohe and Diller + Scofidio. However, there are still some designers who claim that architecture cannot be combined with art, since these two disciplines are completely different and have nothing in common with each other.
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Kolesnikova, M. N., Ye V. Bakhtina, and V. P. Timonin. "Libraries architecture and design as a subject of teaching at the library-information faculty." Bibliosphere, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2016-2-3-6.
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The article represents major issues of academic subject «Libraries architecture and design» at the library-information faculty of Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Culture. Authors examine the course evolution, present its scientific and educational base (dissertations, monographs, textbooks, etc.). Goals and objectives of the discipline are identified. The represented structure of the discipline contains the following sections: 1. Introduction to architecture. Theoretical bases of architectural design; 2. Architecture and planning of library buildings. 3. Functional division of libraries’ rooms; 4. Library interiors; 5. Design of library iconic-information systems. Students are familiarized with basic terminology and theoretical approaches of architectural design in the training process. Architectural features of libraries’ buildings, main architectural styles, professional biographies of eminent architects are examined in the course. Practical trainings include developing a library building draft. The libraries’ interior design is carried out in 3D-models and compact layouts on physical media. The educational process is organized in close cooperation with professionals in the field of architecture, particularly with the leading teachers of the Department of the Interior and Equipment of St.-Petersburg State Art-Industrial Academy. They provide methodical assistance and scientific advice, thus the course get the necessary format of teaching and the complexity level of formed competencies, which is available for non-architect students taking into account their existing knowledge, skills and abilities.
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Ertaş Beşir, Şebnem. "Preface Of INda." Journal of Interior Design and Academy 1, no. 1 (July 19, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.53463/inda.2021vol1iss1pp1-2.
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“Journal of Interior Design and Academy" (INda), which started its publication life on May 19, 2021, within the scope of Octagon Academy, is experiencing excitement and happiness together thanks to publishing its first issue. Scientific resources, researches and studies have accelerated and started to spread with technology. The place and importance of scientific journals in the presentation and spread of studies, especially in academic working life, is very big. Today, it is possible to reach most of the scientific articles in the world through scientific journals published online. It is estimated that there are approximately 24 thousand scientific journals in the world and between 2.2-2.5 million scientific articles are produced. Unfortunately, this rate is very low in Turkey and the number of indexed journals based on the faculty of architecture and design is very low. In the field of interior architecture, the number of indexed journals specific to the discipline of interior architecture is not sufficient. The Journal of Interior Design and Academy (INda) has decided to start its publication life for exactly these reasons. The journal that has just started its publication life; has emerged with the aim of making versatile contributions to our country, universities, interior architecture field and related disciplines and professionals working in this field in terms of production and sharing of scientific knowledge in the context of its goals, duties and responsibilities. The discipline of interior architecture can continue to work in relation to different disciplines such as architecture, industrial product design, planning, landscape architecture. The coming together and working together of these disciplines on different platforms supports holistic design approach. For the coexistence of these disciplines, there is a need for a common language and more collaborative work. In this context, it has emerged that the publication of this journal is a basic need in order to create a scientific platform for the understanding of Interior Architecture and related disciplines, sharing information and collaborating. I hope that with the first issue of our journal, which started its publication life in Turkish and English with two issues a year, it will be useful to the interior architecture and design disciplines in the future in terms of achieving goals that can be recognized on an international scale, producing information and providing information sharing widely.
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Hyde, Richard. "Regionalism in Architecture as Cultural Identity." Queensland Review 5, no. 1 (May 1998): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600001719.
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The development of architecture follows many strands but increasingly the value and role of the discipline in relation to culture identity is questioned. Whilst it may be accepted axiomatically that architecture reflects cultural mores, with the development of commercialisation and materialism, the question focuses on how to create an architecture that reflects the locale, its peoples, its history and most of all its life styles. An architectural direction that reflects the region is perhaps more likely to succeed in this respect. Yet what are the tenets of regionalism and how can these be reflected in an authentic local architecture?
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Silva, Vitória, Paulo Lino, Cássio Reis, Gustavo Dias, Washington Silva Junior, Maria Graciete Amaral, Relinaldo Oliveira, et al. "Index of Failures in the Calculation Subjects at the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil." Concilium 23, no. 7 (May 15, 2023): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-1218-23e07.
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The present work deals with the Index of Failures in calculus disciplines in Engineering courses, as they involve concepts that during high school, before entering higher education, are little spoken, becoming a discipline that scares students. The methodology was carried out through quantitative and qualitative analyzes in order to evaluate the failure rates in the calculus discipline offered at the Faculty of Engineering, Architecture, Urbanism and Geography at the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. The objective was to understand the reasons that influenced the failure in this subject, including remote teaching during the COVID 19 pandemic. of students retained in this discipline, were some of the reasons raised by students as justification for failure.
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Mutlu Avinç, Güneş, and Semra Arslan Selçuk. "Bio-informed Research in the Discipline of Architecture: A Bibliometric Analysis." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 51, no. 2 (November 27, 2020): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.16060.
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Bio-informed research reveals innovative, creative and original ideas for the solution to various problems in architectural design and many design disciplines. In the designs that adopt this approach, "nature" can be considered as a "data warehouse" providing various data that can be transferred from nanoscale to mesoscale regarding process, function, material, structure. Within the scope of this study, bibliometric research was carried out in the CumInCAD database to reveal what kind of information and outputs have been achieved through the data/capta taken from nature. In this process, the aim is to discover and understand the conceptual relationships, not only the purpose of the data taken from nature but also the relationships between the data and the patterns. All the data obtained were analysed within the scope of the determined parameters and visuals, including data relations, were prepared. As a result of the study, it can be seen that the bio-informed studies examined in this paper have the potential to open up a wide range of new research in the discipline of architecture. The findings show that the biomimetic approach has set the stage for the scientific and interdisciplinary studies that have the potential to change paradigms in architecture.
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Stephens, John. "The Architecture of Discipline—The Perth Drill Hall." Fabrications 13, no. 1 (June 2003): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10331867.2003.10525176.
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Burnham, Bob. "Specialized Knowledge, Professionalism and the Discipline of Architecture." Journal of Architectural Education (1984-) 41, no. 2 (1988): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1424835.
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Burnham, Bob. "Specialized Knowledge, Professionalism and the Discipline of Architecture." Journal of Architectural Education 41, no. 2 (January 1988): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1988.10758476.
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Taft, Jeffrey D. "Grid Architecture: A Core Discipline for Grid Modernization." IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 17, no. 5 (September 2019): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpe.2019.2921739.
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Vo, Kiem-Phong. "The discipline and method architecture for reusable libraries." Software: Practice and Experience 30, no. 2 (February 2000): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(200002)30:2<107::aid-spe289>3.0.co;2-d.
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Kwee, Verdy. "An Assessment of CAD’s Role in Knowledge Formation in Architecture/Architectural Engineering Discipline." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 8, no. 1 (January 2011): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3722/cadaps.2011.111-118.
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Allu-Kangkum, Evelyn L. A., Mary Luka-Anzah Kagoro, Juliet D. Dodo, Lokta D. Solomon, and Amina Mika Lohdip. "Chemistry and Architecture: Where the Handshakes Are." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XI, no. IV (2024): 562–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2024.1104041.
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Scientific collaboration is an important aspect of the advancement of modern science development. Various topics and areas in research collaborations have been associated with creativity and science and such handshakes have great impact on interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary research output. Therefore, this theoretical discourse promotes a multidisciplinary research handshake across disciplines and in this case between architecture and chemistry. Such interdisciplinary research handshake has been opined to be highly impactful, innovative, and inspirational, are catalysts for new developments in both fields that could be coined as architecturalchem razzmatazz and also referred to as chemarchitecture. Yet, there are a few challenges noted therein which include modalities for collaborators, poorly understood research topics and some researchers view collaborations as working on single topics by researchers within a discipline.
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Kotusev, Svyatoslav. "Critical Questions in Enterprise Architecture Research." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 13, no. 2 (April 2017): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2017040104.
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The current enterprise architecture (EA) theory originates from the Business Systems Planning (BSP) methodology initiated by IBM in the 1960s and describes EA as a comprehensive blueprint of an enterprise organized according to a certain framework and describing the current state, the desired future state and the roadmap for transition between them. However, in this paper I demonstrate that the current EA theory poses more questions than answers and is, arguably, in an unsatisfactory state. This paper highlights the critical questions in EA research and is intended to spark further conversation in the EA research community. All the formulated questions address the fundamental aspects of the current EA theory that are critically important for the whole EA discipline. Although this paper does not propose any answers to these questions, it makes a non-theoretical contribution to the EA discipline by critically evaluating the current EA theory, provoking new thoughts and stimulating further research that will substantially alter the EA discipline in the future.
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Chaillou, Stanislas. "Latent architecture: a semanticist’s perspective." Architectural Research Quarterly 24, no. 4 (December 2020): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135521000087.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging reality for the architectural discipline. Our work over the past three years has been to demonstrate AI’s relevance for architecture. Among many aspects, AI fundamentally opens up access to a new approach to formal experiments through the concept of ‘latent space’. We believe this concept represents a radical improvement in generating architectural forms, and comes at a time when cities are pressurised by the burning challenges they face: ecology, urban densification, the rapid mutation of modes of living, etc. In return, architecture is charged to come up with new typologies, able to handle these pressing concerns. AI invites us to reinvest in formal research in order to design the habitat of tomorrow.
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KURAN, Onur, and Tevfik Fikret UÇAR. "BİR GÖRSEL İLETİŞİM ARACI OLARAK TİPOGRAFİK İMGE." SOCIAL SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 7, no. 33 (September 15, 2022): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31567/ssd.720.
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Writing is one of the main communication tools that has been widely used since the Sumerian civilization discovered it. While it had a symbolic attitude in its form in the first periods of its discovery, it was simplified over time and brought to the basic form we use today. With the discipline of typography, which allows us to use writing, which is one of the main constituent of visual communication and graphic design, both aesthetically and functionally, graphic designers visualize writing in variety of different forms, traditional and contemporary. Today, visual communication is one of the most important concepts encountered in every aspect of human life. People are now trying to meet their communication needs faster by looking and seeing instead of reading. In this study, rather than recording the verbal language, which is the main function of writing, it is explained by giving examples how writing is used as an imaginary language of expression in different art and design disciplines, especially in the graphic design discipline. In this direction, the typographic image style is defined in the study and the concept of typographic image is explained by giving examples in the disciplines of sculpture, architecture, interior architecture, textile and fashion design, and industrial design, especially in the discipline of graphic design. Keywords: Writing, Typography, Typographic Image
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Özdemir, Elvan Elif, and Fulya Pelin Cengizoglu. "The Metaphoric Perceptions of Architectural Design Students On The Concept Of Jury System In Architectural Design Education." Global Journal of Arts Education 7, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjae.v7i2.957.
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The core of the architectural curriculum is based on the design studio which focuses on learning by doing. The learning process in the design studio is takes place in critic sessions. These sessions are kind of communication of ideas and transmitting of knowledge from instructor to student. In contrast to other disciplines, in the architectural design education the evaluation and the assessment are the important part of the learning and teaching process. The Jury system is a traditional architectural learning assessment tool. In this system the student present his/her work in the front of the jury and get feedback or criticism. According to Webster (2006), Jury is the most performative stage of education where the student and agency (the discipline of architecture-as represented by the critics) actually interact. (Webster, 2006). The aim of this study was to reveal the perceptions of architectural design students’ about the ‘Jury system’ as an grading system in architectural design studios. The participants for this study included second, third and fourth grade architectural design students enrolled in the Department of Architecture at the Faculty of Architecture of Mersin University during the 2014-2015 school year. To collect data, each participant was asked to complete the prompt “A jury is like . . . …because . . . …..” . Phenomenological design was used in the study. The content analysis technique was used to analyze and interpret the study data. The detailed discussion will be presented in full paper.
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Pasha, Yasira Naeem, Shahla Adnan, and Noman Ahmed. "Positioning historical evidences in architectural education: review of methods and contents." Open House International 45, no. 4 (September 28, 2020): 481–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-05-2020-0032.
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Purpose This paper aims to position the evidence in the history of architectural education, which has contributed to the development of architecture as a discipline. The paper focusses on the transformational stages of architectural education through history. It builds on considering its evolution from informal stages towards formal educational discipline and then standardization as a curriculum-based model in contemporary times. Design/methodology/approach The research adopts a qualitative approach focussing on epistemological interpretations through triangulation. The qualitative data includes two main categories; first, historical research and second, interviews and focussed group discussions. It then adopts the triangulation method for the analysis of data. The exploration positions historical pieces of evidence encompassing important factors involved in the process that directed the changes while suggesting the modes of training of architects. The interviews and focus groups provide a valuable addition to historical data for connecting it to contemporary times. Significant modes examined include master pupil, apprenticeship and curriculum-based model, in addition to several fundamental skill sets such as drawing, painting and sculptures that remained constant in this process. Findings The historical pieces of evidence inform that architectural education has been inclusive and considerate towards cultural concerns throughout its developmental stages untill the currently adopted curriculum-based model. It concludes that the development of architecture as a discipline in formal education has been influenced by methods of disseminating knowledge, contents incorporated for teaching architecture, deliberate inclusion of relevant knowledge areas such as arts and cultural integrations of societies. Research limitations/implications This research is limited to a structured study to explore and position pieces of evidence in the history of architectural education considering its methods and contents. While it signifies the role of culturally sensitive contents in the architectural curricula, the scope of this research is not to focus on the development of any new theory, model or postulate regarding the inclusion of some specific contents. The implications of this research aspire to the best use of methods and contents deeply rooted in the development of the discipline, of architectural curricula in the future. It suggests the negation of possible overlooking of such content in curricula. Originality/value The study signifies the core argument of the relevance of architectural education to social and cultural concerns as an important facet in the developmental stages in the history of the discipline. The exploration of pieces of evidence is significantly important to avoid the inadvertent overlooking of the culturally sensitive content in architectural education in the future development of architectural curricula that were included purposefully.