To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Architecture Egypt.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Architecture Egypt'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Architecture Egypt.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Saad, Philippe Charles. "Writings for acquisition : Hellenizing Alexandria, Egypt." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33033.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-87).
This research work started with the exploration of E.M. Forster's major publication on Alexandria published in 1922, Alexandria a History and a Guide, considered until now 'the Classical Guide for Alexandria;' or ironically 'the guide for Classical Alexandria?' In fact, Forster's version of history recounted a Classical heritage all the while effectively attenuating the importance of eleven centuries of Islamic rule and commercial prosperity. As for contemporary name places, they are merely reference points useful to the modern visitor as a means for imagining the missing ancient city. In so doing, Forster relied on a historical tradition without which his book could neither have been written nor have enjoyed such enormous popularity. My thesis investigates the historiography of Alexandria's literary history from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century, with a particular focus on this last century which gave birth to the tradition of looking at Alexandria with Classical eyes. Having pointed at the tradition of looking at Alexandria through Classical eyes, I explore primary European sources (maps and travelers' descriptions and commercial treaties) describing Alexandria from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries to identify the key moment when the western interest for Hellenistic Alexandria emerged and neglected its Christian and Islamic heritage. I first examine in the literature of the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the prevalence of Alexandria as a major Ottoman port-city actively involved in the trade between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Second, I reveal that the Christian history of the city was of high value to the European travelers who dealt tangentially with its Hellenistic and Roman remains.
(cont.) I therefore affirm that the abandonment of the walled city of Alexandria after the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517, was neither the result of an economic decline nor the consequence of Ottoman misrule, as it appeared to the European visitors in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. With this already acquired knowledge, I argue that the European obsession in Hellenistic Alexandria had its causes outside the geographic boundaries of the city. Indeed, this hinge-period coincides with the rise of a new humanism in Europe in the end of the seventeenth century. It was mirrored in Alexandria through the writings of several travelers and envoys such as Corneille le Brun, Benoit de Maillet, Frederick Lewis Norden and Comte de Volney who from one side, resurrected Hellenistic Alexandria in their writings while from the other, dejected the Arab or Islamic civilization occupying and disfiguring this land of antiquity. However, despite their concern for historical accuracy (achieved through travel and archeology), my analysis points out contradictions that betrayed their attempt to reconstruct solely the Hellenistic and Roman city and assign a decline paradigm for the Ottoman town. Engravings as well as paragraphs in the literature they provide reveal the flourishing commerce Alexandria was exerting with Mediterranean cities of the Ottoman Empire, Europe and North Africa. To further support this argument, I examine two mosque patronages that put Alexandria not only on the trade map, but also on the pilgrimage route to Mecca.
(cont.) Studying the eighteenth-century European scholarship on Alexandria, my thesis concludes that this period of unconsolidated knowledge and messy discourse in Europe paved the way to the linear vision of Alexandrian history adopted unanimously after colonialism and the rise of European empires. My thesis brings to a close that Forster's acclaimed book has not been the product of a single individual of the twentieth century, but rather the culminations of a cultural and political tradition whose roots lie beyond the geographic boundaries of Alexandria.
by Philippe Charles Saad.
S.M.
2
Williams, Christopher Glenn. "Roman Egypt change amid continuity in the art and architecture of an Eastern Imperial Providence /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5948.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 7, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
3
Nabil, Yasser M. (Yasser Mostafa). "Reconciliations and continued polarities in the works and theories of Halim and Bakri." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69328.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-150).
The Egyptian society today is facing many socio-economical, political and cultural challenges that are directly influencing the living standards and circumstances of its members despite their position in the society's hierarchy. The most important of these challenges is the struggle between the Inherited and the Imported that takes the modernization processes that were repeatedly implemented by the different rulers and elite class of the society as its active field. These modernization processes almost always mean Westernization . They have resulted in the separation of the society into two distinct segments; a Westernized rich and powerful high-middle class and up, and a more or less traditional poor and powerless low-middle class and down. As a direct result of these challenges the society is experiencing problems of inequality, class conflict, search for identity, among many others. These problems have a great impact on the living standards of the majority of the society. Additionally, they greatly influence the power relations both between the different segments of the society and between the society as a whole and the Western societies. This thesis discusses some of the attitudes and positions towards this issue of the Inherited versus the Imported and the problems that resulted from it. It attempts to achieve this from within the architectural profession by taking the attitudes, theories and works of two contemporary Egyptian architects -- Abdel Halim Ibrahim Abdel Halim and Carnal Bakri -- as examples of the moderate position that tries to rid itself from any emotional or unrealistic biases towards either end. Through the study of the origins and the nature of these two architects' attitudes, theories and works I have showed how they have raised the level of sophistication and complexity of the discussion of these challenges. In other words, certain levels of reconciliations have been achieved. Nevertheless, despite these reconciliations that narrow the gap between a number of polarities within the Egyptian society and despite the agreement on the nature of the main issues at stack, issues of the role of the Egyptian architect in the development process, the nature of the architectural profession -- being an art form or a social reform tool, how to deal with the latest available technologies that appear in the West, the universality of the current dominant civilization versus the regional identity of each society, and why and how do we relate to history, among many others, are still being debated. Thus, clear biases are evident in the two architects' underlying attitudes towards the two poles of this dilemma.
by Yasser M. Nabil.
M.S.
4
Packer, John Aidan. "Influences of Ancient Egypt on architecture and ornament in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7708.
Full textAbstract:
This work seeks to identify the forms and origins of Ancient Egyptian architecture and the complex historical progress which brought these to Scotland, identifying the affinities shared by both countries and their evolving role from their first arrival to the present day. The thesis follows Egypt’s first appearance in Scottish legend and its later influence, at the close of the 16th century, in the practices of organised Freemasonry, to be followed, from the second quarter of the 17th century, by numerous obelisk sundials and with the construction of the first pyramid towards its close. In the 18th century, single obelisk monuments with Masonic implications appeared, and the outstanding significance of the Scottish Enlightenment and its fascination with Antiquity are noted. That this coincided with the Grand Tour encouraged Scottish aristocrats, architects, and artists to observe, to study and to be inspired by Egyptian forms, principally in Rome, which then appeared in Scottish country house and garden. The first recorded visit of a Scot to Egypt, in 1768, led to the delayed publication of an account in 1793 and the century closed with the outbreak of the British military campaign in Egypt against Napoleon’s invading forces. The participation of Scots troops led to a new familiarity with the land and, albeit from France, there were produced the first accurate details of the country’s monuments and an ensuing enthusiasm for an ‘Egyptian Revival’. This thesis goes on to record the 19th century absorption with mourning, when the use of Egyptian symbols, aided by industrial methods of production, grew to a peak, allied to new archaeological discoveries by visiting Scots and the growth of accurate publications. These two latter, increased by the growing number of Scots who visited the country, influenced the use of Egyptian themes in a wide range of buildings, religious, domestic and industrial. The 20th century rejection of both religion and commemoration, except in acknowledgement of the sacrifice of those who gave their lives in the First and Second World Wars, led to the decline of Egyptian mourning themes and new building techniques left little place for Egyptian references which were mainly reduced to mere surface ornament. This thesis concludes with an important 21st century military example which contains within it, a unique range of Egyptian symbols of commemoration.
5
Abdulhady, Sarah. "The presence and architecture of Islamic health providers in Egypt." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30959.
Full textAbstract:
Weakening health systems in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has led to a shift towards a greater acknowledgement of the involvement of non-state providers in health care services and delivery. A wide range of non-state health providers exist in the region, one type being Islamic health providers (IHPs) which fall under the category of non-state, not-for profit health providers. There is very little information available about the non-state sector in the MENA region, and almost nothing about IHPs, although anecdotally they are described as providers of choice, said to provide high quality services at low cost. This research aims to explore the public/private mix in the MENA region, delving into the types of collaborations that occur between the public and non-state sector. It will then narrow down in a single case study focusing on looking at IHPs in on MENA country (Egypt), and consider how IHPs 'fit’ within their national health system. Egypt was chosen for this study as IHPs have a long presence there, as Egypt is the birthplace of many Islamic groups such as the Muslim Brotherhood, which then migrated to neighboring countries. Common themes found in the case study was the lack of regulations for both the non-state sector and IHPs, competition in service provision with the public sector, and inequality in provision of health services (the latter issue observed in the broader non-state sector in the MENA region, but not specifically in IHPs). With regards to IHPs in Egypt, they were found to serve nearly 20% of the population. Exact numbers of the presence of IHPs in the country is difficult to obtain, as they are largely invisible in literature and are often categorized as non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Estimates show that there are around 5000 NGOs providing primary health care (PHC) and other health services. Most of these facilities are concentrated in urban areas. It was found that the 'Islamic’ label of IHPs is utilised either to gain donations, to denote the fact that this is a charitable institution, or because the facility is attached to a mosque. Most of the IHPs in the country practice a form of social rather than political Islam, making them not that different from other non-state secular facilities.
6
Salama, Rafik. "User transformation of government housing projects : case study, Egypt." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23204.
Full textAbstract:
Public housing represents a significant percentage of the housing stock in many developing countries. Its shortcomings have been identified and examined by many scholars and experts in an attempt to investigate the possibilities of growth and adaptability in future projects. Yet, for many years and through their own initiative, public housing dwellers have been engaged in alteration and extension activities aimed at adapting their dwellings to better suit their needs. These activities have resulted in the transformation of entire housing developments in many parts of the world.Therefore, this study examines the development of transformations in different public housing projects in Egypt and attempts to identify some of the implicit factors that control change at both dwelling and community levels. A wide array of transformation activities were recorded during a survey of twenty projects in Cairo and Alexandria, from which it was possible to establish a typology of transformations and to distinguish between different patterns through which they take place. One project (Ain el Sira) was chosen as a case study in order to examine change of dwelling characteristics from both external and internal aspects.
It was found that user transformation of public housing projects should not be considered as a simple space enlargement process, but rather a result of a complex set of inter-related determinants associated with both context and dwelling characteristics. The finding also revealed that in favourable conditions, users were capable of successfully undertaking transformation activities which not only increased the range of used spaces within housing developments, but also created dynamic multi-functional estates that better respond to changing needs of households. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
7
Omar, Mona A. E. "Translation of Islamic culture into Arabian architecture." Thesis, Curtin University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/302.
Full textAbstract:
In the past, researchers in the field of art and architecture have searched for a definition of Islamic architecture, its history and its social meaning. This study focuses on the Islamic culture of the Arab world and its influences on the architecture of the region, giving an overview of contemporary architecture in the Arab world, its situation, cultural crisis and hope for the future.This research aims to identify the principal characteristics of Islamic architecture, which embody the needs and demands of Muslims according to their Islamic teachings. Muslims form one of the biggest communities in the world, which is suggested to be more than one fifth of the world's population, about one and half billion.This community has special architectural needs related to their religious teachings, traditions and culture, because Islam is not only a religion, it is a complete way of life, which covers all social, political, economic, educational, cultural, hygienic, and behavioural aspects.For a great number of people, the concept of Islamic architecture denotes tangible characteristics of some architectural features like Mashrabiah, arch, dome, or any other architectural pattern that distinguishes this typical style of architecture. But, Islamic architecture is more than just a spectacle of domes and minarets; it is a deep expression of a rich culture that has unified countries across the globe.In the last fifty years, contemporary architecture of the Muslim world in general, and the Arab world in particular, has been exposed to several outside influences that have eventually caused it to be alienated from its particular sense of identity and, thus, to lose its character. It is believed that such matter requires immediate attention towards attempting a "revival process" by uncovering the bases and principles of Islamic architecture, as manifested throughout Islamic history. These principles could be integrated and molded into the contemporary architecture of the Arab world, which reflects a rather complicated and, sometimes, contradicting set of values.The aim of this study is to develop an appropriate definition for Islamic architecture of the Arab world in terms of Islamic teachings and doctrine.Associated with this aim, this research will include within its scope:Understanding Arabian Islamic culture, traditions and environment and how they have affected architectural design.Translating some principles from Islamic doctrine, which can be applied to architectural practice, and to recognize Muslims' architectural needs and demands, according to Islamic teachings.Developing architectural standards that satisfy Muslims architectural needs and a definition of what, in an Islamic context, could be considered as successful Arabian Islamic architecture.Analyzing to what extent contemporary architecture meets Muslims' needs, according to their Islamic teachings by undertaking a Case Study of pre-Modern and contemporary architecture in Egypt.
8
Eid, Yaldiz Yehya. "Bi-polarity and interface in the spatial organization of cairo apartments." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23299.
Full text
9
Elkatsha, Markus Fawzy Fahmy. "The evolution of Al-Azhar Street, Al-Qahira, Egypt." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65719.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture; and, (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-73).
The historic quarter of Cairo, al-Qahira, is going through a period intense transformation that is threatening the physical environment as well as the social and economic fabric of the city. The transformations taking place in al-Qahira are threatening the diverse cultural, social and economic makeup of the city that have existed for centuries in an attempt to satisfy the agendas of interest groups external to the existing community that want to capitalize on the city's historic features. Al-Azhar Street and the surrounding area is at the center of the transformations taking place in Historic Cairo today. Through an analysis of the area, an urban solution will be developed that mediates between the various interest groups acting in al-Qahira today. The intention is to present a physical design that demonstrates a way of addressing the needs of the quarter's existing inhabitants as well as the needs of new interest groups to the area.
by Markus Fawzy ElKatsha.
M.C.P.
S.M.
10
Tawfik, Nevin Ahmed. "Urban policies in Egypt : 1974 to 1986 an evaluation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78957.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, and (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1987.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 149-160.
by Nevin Ahmed Tawfik.
M.S.
M.C.P.
11
Jakeman, Jane. "Abstract art and communication in 'Mamluk' architecture." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:83f44ba8-2ba6-4ff1-8732-9e78d65ad5c5.
Full textAbstract:
Fourteenth-century Cairo saw a movement towards abstract, geometric art. This movement reflected contemporary intellectual interests and represents the culmination of the ascendancy of Islamic philosophy over the humanist vocabulary of art. The thesis seeks explanations for the positive, i.e. for the forms which art actually took, rather than concentrating on prohibitive mechanisms. In architecture, the disappearance of stucco vegetal decoration may have been partly due to the effects of an outbreak of plague, but the main influences on contemporary art and architecture came from the esoteric habits of thought induced by sufism, alchemy and hermeticism, and from the dualist concerns of Islamic philosophy. The thesis discusses the continuity between sufism and Shī'ism, the history of sufism in Cairo as it affected art and architecture, concepts of the microcosm and the macrocosm, and theories of colour, substance and gilding. The thesis examines talismans and other esoteric material. It discusses architectural incorporata, presents a catalogue of Pharaonic material re-used in Islamic architecture, and argues that blocks bearing Pharaonic hieroglyphs represented Hermetic lore and, at entrances to buildings, paralleled the use of Pharaonic references at the beginning of esoteric manuscripts. The detailed discussion of architecture takes the form of an examination of a religious building, scrutinising the underlying principles of decoration and then moving on to specific elements such as the entrance and the mihrab. The thesis discusses, and dissents from, iconographic interpretations of architectural imagery. It attempts to evolve a terminology for discussion and concludes that 'mamluk' is inappropriate as a cultural term, since the influence of the individual patron on art and architecture was less innovative than the intellectual background of the period, and the dissociation of the patron from contemporary society has been over-estimated. It comes to the conclusion that 'an art of the bāṭin' would more effectively express the major influence on the art and architecture of fourteenthcentury Cairo.
12
Degremont, Audrey. "Croyances funéraires et pratiques du mythe en Egypte ancienne: étude du programme décoratif (texte, image et architecture) de six tombes thébaines privées de l'époque préamarnienne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209084.
Full textAbstract:
Les études sur la nécropole thébaine durant le Nouvel Empire se sont surtout concentrées sur le début de la 18ème dynastie et l’époque ramesside (19-20èmes dynasties) et ont permis de définir les caractéristiques propres aux tombes de ces époques. Ces deux périodes sont séparées par une période mouvementée dans le domaine religieux :l’épisode amarnien (règne d’Akhenaton) qui se caractérise par la focalisation du culte sur le dieu solaire Aton.Bien que les idées de l’époque amarnienne aient été longtemps considérées comme innovantes et révolutionnaires, des études récentes ont montré que les règnes précédents (Thoutmosis IV et Amenhotep III) ont davantage servi comme terreau de ces nouvelles conceptions. Or, malgré l’importance de ces deux règnes, les tombes privées de cette époque n’ont reçu que peu d’attention.
Notre recherche portera donc sur les tombes datant des règnes de Thoutmosis IV et Amenhotep III et sera réalisée dans une optique d’anthropologie religieuse afin d’analyser les croyances et les pratiques religieuses transparaissant dans le programme iconographique et textuel ainsi que dans l’agencement architectural. Nous souhaitons ainsi montrer comment ces divers moyens d’expression sont combinés pour produire une signification.
Notre étude permettrait donc de mettre en évidence les éléments distinctifs des tombes de l’époque Thoutmosis IV-Amenhotep III (qui forment la transition entre les tombes du début de la 18ème dynastie et celles de l’époque ramesside) et d'expliquer, grâce à l'étude des pratiques du mythe mises en oeuvre dans ces monuments, l’évolution des conceptions religieuses sous ces deux règnes, en faisant sortir l’étude des mythes du cadre strictement narratif qui lui est généralement donné en égyptologie. C’est donc en tant que discours complexe sur une réalité complexe, selon les termes de L. Couloubaritsis, que nous approcherons ces tombes en mettant en dialectique l’espace, l’écrit et l’image.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
13
Omar, Mona A. E. "Translation of Islamic culture into Arabian architecture." Curtin University of Technology, School of Architecture, Construction and Planning, 2000. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10038.
Full textAbstract:
In the past, researchers in the field of art and architecture have searched for a definition of Islamic architecture, its history and its social meaning. This study focuses on the Islamic culture of the Arab world and its influences on the architecture of the region, giving an overview of contemporary architecture in the Arab world, its situation, cultural crisis and hope for the future.This research aims to identify the principal characteristics of Islamic architecture, which embody the needs and demands of Muslims according to their Islamic teachings. Muslims form one of the biggest communities in the world, which is suggested to be more than one fifth of the world's population, about one and half billion.This community has special architectural needs related to their religious teachings, traditions and culture, because Islam is not only a religion, it is a complete way of life, which covers all social, political, economic, educational, cultural, hygienic, and behavioural aspects.For a great number of people, the concept of Islamic architecture denotes tangible characteristics of some architectural features like Mashrabiah, arch, dome, or any other architectural pattern that distinguishes this typical style of architecture. But, Islamic architecture is more than just a spectacle of domes and minarets; it is a deep expression of a rich culture that has unified countries across the globe.In the last fifty years, contemporary architecture of the Muslim world in general, and the Arab world in particular, has been exposed to several outside influences that have eventually caused it to be alienated from its particular sense of identity and, thus, to lose its character. It is believed that such matter requires immediate attention towards attempting a "revival process" by uncovering the bases and principles of Islamic architecture, as manifested throughout Islamic history. ++These principles could be integrated and molded into the contemporary architecture of the Arab world, which reflects a rather complicated and, sometimes, contradicting set of values.The aim of this study is to develop an appropriate definition for Islamic architecture of the Arab world in terms of Islamic teachings and doctrine.Associated with this aim, this research will include within its scope:Understanding Arabian Islamic culture, traditions and environment and how they have affected architectural design.Translating some principles from Islamic doctrine, which can be applied to architectural practice, and to recognize Muslims' architectural needs and demands, according to Islamic teachings.Developing architectural standards that satisfy Muslims architectural needs and a definition of what, in an Islamic context, could be considered as successful Arabian Islamic architecture.Analyzing to what extent contemporary architecture meets Muslims' needs, according to their Islamic teachings by undertaking a Case Study of pre-Modern and contemporary architecture in Egypt.
14
Hill, Kara Marietta. "Pascal-Xavier Coste (1787-1879) : a French architect in Egypt." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13091.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1992.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 258-296).
The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the life of a Marseilles architect, Pascal-Xavier Coste (1787-1879), his architectural work in Egypt, and his subsequent historical publications on his return to France. In Egypt, Coste served as the chief architect of the Ottoman Viceroy, Muhammad Ali, during the early portion of his reign. Coste worked on modernizing Lower Egypt through various architectural and engineering projects. I plan to show that Coste was not only responsive to the needs of progressive design but was also sensitive to the Egyptian culture, creating a stylistic synthesis of European and Islamic forms. Unfortunately, due to Muhammad Ali's military expenditures, much of Coste's work was sidelined, to be built later in the governor's reign. Coste's original designs and realized buildings, however, continued to have a great impact on the design of Egyptian architecture throughout the nineteenth century. Through a narrative of the life of Coste concluding with his publication of Architecture Arabe ou Monuments du Kaire in 1837, I will illustrate Coste's attitude toward the Muslim world, his reasons for compiling the study of Egypt's monuments, and the ultimate reception the book received in mid-nineteenth century France. Coste greatly admired the Islamic architecture of Egypt and through his work hoped to share this love with his European audience. In addition, he wished to contribute to the pursuit of Islamic architectural history. Ultimately, Coste's work had little impact on nineteenth century historical studies because of the change in European politics and Europeans' attitudes toward the Middle East during the later part of the nineteenth century. By discussing Coste's life in the context of contemporary historical developments, I will argue that Coste's innovative objectivity led to the neglect of his work during the nineteenth century and the renewed appreciation of it by historians of Islamic architecture in the early twentieth century and beyond.
by Kara Marietta Hill.
Ph.D.
15
Brand, Peter James. "The monuments of Seti I and their historical significance epigraphic, art historical and historical analysis /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0009/NQ35116.pdf.
Full text
16
Licitra, Nadia. "Étude archéologique d’un monument de la XXVe dynastie à Karnak : le Trésor de Chabaka." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040108.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude archéologique du Trésor de Chabaka, un vaste bâtiment de stockage en brique crue situé au nord du temple d’Amon-Rê à Karnak. Construit dans le dernier quart du VIIIe siècle av. J.-C., il a été utilisé pendant un siècle environ. Il fut le siège de l’institution homonyme préposée à la comptabilisation, au stockage et à la gestion de denrées précieuses destinées au temple.L’importante activité de fouille, menée dans le cadre de cette étude, a permis de mettre au jour l’angle sud-est de l’édifice, où quatre espaces distincts ont pu être localisés : une cour à portique desservant les magasins, le sanctuaire, une salle à banquettes et l’extrémité orientale d’une large cour située dans la partie méridionale de l’édifice. L’analyse de ces vestiges, ainsi que du matériel céramique et du mobilier issus de la fouille ont permis d’interpréter la fonction de ces espaces, d’avancer une proposition de restitution du plan général du Trésor et d’entamer une réflexion sur la topographie ancienne de la zone au nord du temple d’Amon-Rê durant la XXVe dynastieThis dissertation is dedicated to the archaeological study of the Treasury of Shabaka, a wide storage building in mud brick set north of the temple of Amun-Re at Karnak. Built in the last quarter of the VIIIth century BC, it was used during about a century. It was the seat of the institution which listed, stored and administered precious commodities for the temple.The considerable activity of excavation, led during this study, allowed unearthing the south-eastern corner of the building where four different rooms have been located: a courtyard with a portico leading to the storerooms, the sanctuary, a room with benches and the eastern edge of a wide courtyard in the southern part of the building. The analysis of these vestiges, of the pottery and finds discovered during the excavation allowed understanding the function of these spaces and putting forward a reconstruction of the general plan of the Treasury as well as making some remarks about the ancient topography of the area north of the temple of Amun-Re during the XXVth dynasty
17
Abdelwahed, Youssri Ezzat Hussein. "Egyptian cultural identity in the architecture of Roman Egypt (30 BC-AD 325)." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5923/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the complexity and fluidity of Egyptian cultural identity in architectural form in Roman Egypt. It covers the period from the Roman conquest in 30 BC to the official recognition of Christianity in AD 325. The thesis focuses on the relationship between architectural form and layers of identity assertion. Special consideration is given to the issue of continuities and changes in Egyptian cultural traditions. Through explorations of arrangement and use of urban space and public buildings, Chapter I addresses the diversity of architecture as evidence for the complexity and permeability of cultural markers of identity, with special focus on the use of temples as centres of local identity. Being a self-evident symbol of traditional temples, Chapter II suggests that the pylon offers a good example of the complexity of identity and the dynamic nature of cultural traditions in the Roman period. Although the pylon appears on the Palestrina mosaic and classical literature on Egypt as a cliché of ancient Egyptian culture, it was not necessarily a marker of those legally defined as Egyptians. The third chapter focuses on different forms of rituals activities performed within or around the domestic space as evidence for the multiplicity of identity, the complexity of Romano-Egyptian society, and the shared cultural heritage of house occupants. Chapter IV discusses iconography in Roman-period tombs as an expression of the fluidity of cultural traits and as evidence for the biculturalism of the patrons. The final chapter deals with the correlation between architectural ornament and Egyptian cultural identity. It focuses on the torus moulding, cavetto cornice, and Egyptian composite capitals with its five-tiered band and abacus both as a reflection of the dynamic nature identity and as evidence for the hybridization of architectural ornament. In the conclusion, I summarize my work and draw out its implications, suggesting that identity was a multi-layered and dynamic phenomenon. The complexity and multiplicity nature of identity left its impact on architecture in Roman Egypt, where there was a close and extremely complex relationship between architectural form and different perceptions of identity.
18
El-Husseiny, Mohamed A. (Mohamed Ahmed). "Genesis and legacy : a study of traditional, contemporary and proposed systems of control over residential developments in Cairo, Egypt." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73287.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1987.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Includes glossary of Arabic terms.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-138).
This thesis deals with contemporary residential developments presently being carried out by the formal private sector in Cairo. These developments are typical of many other cities in Egypt, and indeed throughout the Middle-East and other Arab and Muslim countries. The thesis stems from my dissatisfaction with the present morphology generated by the use of certain physical models, as well as the limitations imposed on architectural and urban designs by building laws and regulations that I believe to be inadequate in many ways. In searching for solutions, guidelines, and appropriate concepts, I shall refer to traditional Arab-Islamic environments, which I feel offer a number of interesting principles and concepts from which we may benefit. The study will be carried out based on the premise that "Tradition per se should have no authority, bur it does have value" (Al-Hathloul, 1981, p.11). Therefore I shall also attempt to clarify the reasons and circumstances that have led to - or influenced - the development of traditional built forms, as well as determining how valid and applicable the traditional concepts remain under contemporary conditions. The study will not be limited to historical precedent alone since many of the present conditions of modern life do not have any precedent in traditional environments. Therefore the search will go beyond the boundaries of regional heritage to include other valid references without geographical or historical limitations. The object is to reach a set of guidelines offering an alternative approach to the issues of forming and controlling residential developments in this part of the world. It is hoped that such an approach will prove to be more responsive to local physical conditions, as well as to the socio-cultural values of the communities, and that the proposals therein may contribute to the development of a built environment that is physically and spiritually more fulfilling.
by Mohamed A. El-Husseiny.
M.S.
19
El-Akkad, Tarek A. "The Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture & the Exuberance of Mamluk Design." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117147.
Full textAbstract:
The Mamluk period was the most exuberant in Egypt. It lasted from 1250 to 1517, a short period of only 267 years but highly dynamic in art and architecture. No historian has given a documented and defendable reason for this rise yet many spoke of the origins of the Mamluks in Eastern Europe, Anatolia, and the Caucus. Their excellence in design was directly related to the diversity of their population in Egypt and Syria but more specifically in Cairo. A new aesthetic developed in their art and architecture and became uniquely Mamluk. It was a culmination of design influences coming from as far away as Persepolis in the East and al-Andalus in the West. Good trade relations with Catalonia played an important role in the transmission of design ideas and the prosperity of the Mamluks. The doctorate thesis is a study of the sources of Islamic design in several regions and their development. It analyzes examples from the pre-Islamic, Islamic and post-Islamic periods to show how design shared inspirational sources. It traces the aesthetics of Islamic architecture, using twentieth century Spain as a case study, to show how this affected the development of modern and contemporary architecture.El període Mameluc era el més exuberant a Egipte. Va durar des·de 1250-1517, un curt període de només 267 anys, però molt dinàmic en l'art i l'arquitectura. Cap historiador ha donat una raó documentada i defensable per aquest augment però molts van parlar dels orígens dels mamelucs a Europa de l'Est, Anatòlia i el Caucus. La seva excel·lència en el disseny estava directament relacionada amb la diversitat de la seva població a Egipte i Síria, però més específicament al Caire. Una nova estètica desenvolupada en el seu art i arquitectura, i va esdevenir únic mameluc. Va ser la culminació d'influències de disseny procedents de llocs tan llunyans com Persépolis a l'est i al-Andalus a l'Oest. Les bones relacions comercials amb Catalunya van exercir un paper important en la transmissió de les idees del disseny i la prosperitat dels mamelucs. La tesi doctoral és un estudi de les fonts de disseny islàmic en diverses regions i el seu desenvolupament. S'analitzen exemples dels períodes pre-islàmic, islàmic i post-islàmic per mostrar com el disseny comparteix fonts d'inspiració. Traça l'estètica de l'arquitectura islàmica, amb l'Espanya del segle XX com un estudi de cas, per mostrar com va afectar al desenvolupament de l'arquitectura moderna i contemporània.
20
Chalfoun, Nader Victor. "Appropriate energy design guidelines for new desert housing in Egypt: "A case study for cluster houses at Sadat City"." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184741.
Full textAbstract:
The tremendous increase of population in Egypt has caused the Egyptian government to rethink its settlement policy by planning for the development of new desert communities in remote arid regions outside of the Nile Valley. Presented here is a methodology for generating appropriate energy design guidelines for desert housing in these new communities. The methodology also takes into account the culture, climate and economy of the country. This interdisciplinary study starts by examining the current government national policy for regional and urban development in Egypt with emphasis on the new desert settlement programs in general and on the Sadat City in particular. The criteria which determines human thermal comfort requirements for the indigenous people of Egypt is then presented. This part of the study also includes a climatic analysis of Egypt showing the major climatic components, the factors modifying the climate, the country's major climatic zones, and microclimatic considerations. In the next chapter on energy analysis, the concepts and the mathematical basis of the methodology are presented. The process is based on balancing the incremental cost/benefit of conservation and passive solar designs in an optimum mix yielding the best performance and economic advantages for any given set of weather characteristics. Finally, the method is generalized and reduced to a set of formulas which generate energy guidelines for conservation levels with selected passive solar system(s). A computer model of the method is developed and energy guidelines for six major locations in Egypt are illustrated. In conclusion, a preliminary design for low-energy cluster houses at the new desert community Sadat City is developed using the computer generated guidelines for that region. The energy results are then validated using the CalPas3 energy simulation program, and a matrix is also developed for assessing the socio-cultural aspects of the design model.
21
Peters, Erin A. "Egypt in empire: Augustan temple art and architecture at Karnak, Philae, Kalabsha, Dendur, and Alexandria." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5601.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation explores interchanges and connections between Rome and Egypt that occurred during the four decades immediately following Egypt’s annexation into the Roman Empire in 30 B.C.E. The dissertation focuses on five temple precincts that were expanded under the first Roman emperor, Augustus (27 B.C.E.–14 C.E.), who as new ruler of Egypt, continued the venerable practice of building cult temples. In order to gauge the level of imperial support and analyze how local and imperial precedents were combined at temple sites, the dissertation compares the built space at sacred sites in three regions. The comparison reveals programmatic emphasis on areas where public worship occurred over inaccessible areas reserved for the gods, and that the combination of local and imperial elements strengthened cultic connections to each region’s center. Five chapters demonstrate temples in the Augustan period were created to encourage continued public use and worship by forming space where public veneration could be carried out, and by integrating pharaonic and imperial elements appropriate for the temple precincts’ transcultural local and visiting audience. This analysis indicates that temples in Augustan Egypt, like those in other areas of the Roman world, were tied to the existing traditions of the local community, engaged with new imperial elements, and were designed to encourage public involvement and continued use. Through encouragement by Augustus and his advisors, religion and culture mediated change as Egypt was annexed as a Roman province.
22
Elseragy, Ahmed A. B. "Architectural and solar potential of curved and flat roofs in hot arid regions (with reference to Egypt)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12383/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the effect of, various vaulted and domed roof geometries on their solar behaviour under given summer and winter conditions. Roof is the building-envelope element that is most exposed to the sun as it receives a high amount of solar radiation, which is the main cause of summer overheating in hot-arid climates. In addition, to other climatic and physical factors, indoor thermal comfort in hot-arid climates is also influenced by the intensity of solar radiation received by roof surfaces. Therefore, roof form and geometry should be designed with careful consideration to insolation parameters. Domed, vaulted, and curved roofs have been used for a long time in hot-arid regions for historical, cultural, climatic, and structural reasons. The review of previous research work showed that different explanations have been given to the climatic effects of their forms and the environmental behaviour of their enclosed spaces. The research explores the previous attempts that discussed the relevant principles of solar radiation and solar geometry on horizontal and tilted surfaces with different orientations. The previous work that applied these principles and theories to evaluate the solar behaviour of architectural elements with arbitrary forms was also investigated. In order to evaluate the solar performance of flat and curved roofs geometrical configurations, a parametric study testing the received solar radiation intensity (W/m2) on flat, vaulted, and domed roofs with different span-to-height ratios and orientations was carried out using a published solar computer model. The results of this model were followed by validation tests using other two commercially available computer tools to carry out a brief solar and thermal analysis of selected curved-roof geometries. The evaluated curved-roofs solar performance and main findings of the present research have been compared with recently published independent research. It is believed that this research establishes a sound theoretical basis for the validity of various claims of the climatic advantages of different curved-roof forms in hot-arid regions. As part of this research outcome, solar and architectural design-guidelines for curved-roofs are introduced. The research concludes with a discussion of the architectural and solar potential of curved-roof forms, which is believed to be novel contribution to the knowledge and the understanding of curved-roofs solar behaviour and architectural applications in hot-arid climates.
23
Dickinson, T. "A landscape and materials-based approach to royal mortuary architecture in early third millennium BC Egypt." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1448710/.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the role that the building of royal mortuary complexes (RMC hereafter) played in the consolidation of the Egyptian state between the reigns of kings Khasekhemwy and Shepseskaf, c. 2,700-2,500 BC. The theoretical basis for this research is inspired by cross-cultural studies that demonstrate (a) that monuments are not only the after-effect of a centralised state system, but may themselves be integrative strategies that contribute more directly to a state’s formation and consolidation and (b) that a monument’s location and construction materials reflect both logistical and symbolic concerns with salient socio-political scope. The main analysis offered here consists of a sequential, monument-by-monument archaeological assessment of RMC location and construction materials with a particular emphasis on the role of a specialist workforce. This research combines both quantitative and qualitative methods that help flesh out possible logistical and symbolic implications associated with the decisionmaking process behind each RMC. The working and symbolic properties of a whole range of construction materials is determined via careful use of the limited contemporary, and more abundant later, Egyptian documentary sources, as well as demonstrable patterns of material use in the archaeological record. A geoarchaeological analysis of mudbrick provides an important category of additional information on the sourcing of mudbrick and the labour organisation, which has received only limited attention. A locational and materials-based approach brings together a wealth of complementary information pertaining to the functional and symbolic aspects of these monuments, and their wider landscapes that is usually treated separately and selectively. It also provides the tools necessary for addressing the use of mudbrick in architecture during this early period and a well-known shift from mudbrick to stone in RMCs. Overall it provides a more dynamic and holistic framework for understanding the role that monumental building played in this early period of the Egyptian Pharaonic state.
24
Montagno-Leahy, Lisa. "Private tomb reliefs of the late period from Lower Egypt." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3b3699de-8498-4021-bf5f-b35fcf1cf33c.
Full textAbstract:
This study considers the relief decoration of private tombs in Lower Egypt in the period 664-332 BC. The basis for analysis is a chronologically arranged descriptive catalogue, which includes both isolated blocks in museum collections and tombs whose location is known. The present condition of the relief and its content are described in detail there. Texts are considered where they provide infotmation on provenance and dating, and hand-copies are provided. Each piece is illustrated in the plate volume. Enough of the material can be dated by textual evidence to provide a solid framework for stylistic ordering of the remainder. The resulting chronology has important implications, dividing the period into two major phases, covering the seventh and sixth centuries, and the fourth century, separated by a hiatus in production of tomb reliefs. The chronology proposed eliminates the possibility that either Greeks or Persians exercised any significant influence on Egyptian art before the very end of the period. Instead, native tradition emerges as the primary inspiration for Late Period artists. Two sources stand out. The first is the Old-Middle Kingdom tomb repertory (archaism), the second is the New Kingdom tradition carried on in the minor arts, a source largely-ignored hitherto. These were not slavishly copied, but adapted and "modernized" to suit the taste of the time. The independence and creativity of Late Period artists is emphasized. A discussion of stylistic development in light of the dating system is given, and several themes are analyzed in detail as illustrations of the larger issues raised.
25
Abdel-Rahman, Osama M. "A systematic approach for the visual impact analysis and assessment of urban development schemes : an application to the city centre of Alexandria, Egypt." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239990.
Full text
26
El-Gowhary, Hatem Yousry. "Culture, behaviour and urban open space : a study of environmental behaviour in residential areas, with special refrence to Alexandria, Egypt." Thesis, Kingston University, 2005. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20218/.
Full text
27
Dubourg, Sandrine. "L'architecture domestique dans l'Alexandrie gréco-romaine : spécificités et influences." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20071.
Full textAbstract:
Basé sur l’analyse de plusieurs ensembles archéologiques, ce travail propose une étude de l’habitat urbain d’Alexandrie, en Égypte, depuis sa fondation par Alexandre le Grand (331 av. J. -C.) jusqu'à la fin du Haut Empire. La thématique de l'architecture domestique dans la cité antique est à replacer dans un contexte méditerranéen plus étendu, cette ville étant enracinée dans la tradition grecque et romaine. Il est également essentiel de comprendre quelle a été l'influence de la civilisation égyptienne sur les modèles importés. Ces dernières années, des avancées considérables, grâce aux fouilles effectuées au cœur d'Alexandrie, ont élargi de manière substantielle la documentation archéologique disponible pour l'étude de l'architecture domestique de la cité. Une étude globale visant à proposer une définition de l'espace privé dans l'Alexandrie gréco-romaine nécessite l'analyse de la structuration de l'espace privé et de l’espace public, qui sont des entités complémentaires et indissociables formant une unité : « la ville ». Les questions de mise en œuvre, d'organisation fonctionnelle et symbolique de l'espace privé, en relation directe avec l'organisation, tout autant fonctionnelle et symbolique, de l'espace urbain seront abordées afin de mettre en évidence d'éventuelles affinités avec les schémas d'habitat domestique connus ailleurs en Méditerranée. L'objectif visé est la réalisation d'une étude du cas alexandrin incluant l'analyse des transformations et de l'évolution d'espaces d'habitat ainsi que l'explicitation des démarches de projets architecturaux et urbains qui ont régi, dans le temps, à travers de multiples ajustements, les évolutions de la ville antique d'AlexandrieDeveloped through the analysis of several archaeological sites, this research project focuses on the urban housing of the city of Alexandria in Egypt, from its foundation by Alexander the Great (331 B.C.) until the end of the High Empire. The theme of domestic architecture in ancient Alexandria has to be seen in a wider Mediterranean context, this city being rooted in the Greek and Roman tradition. It is also important to understand what the influence of Egyptian civilization was on imported models. In recent years, considerable progress achieved thanks to the excavations performed in the heart of Alexandria, has led to a substantial increase of the archaeological documentation available for the study of the domestic architecture of the city. A comprehensive study proposing a definition of private space in the Greco-Roman Alexandria requires the analysis of the structuring of private and public spaces, which are complementary and inseparable components of a single entity: "the city". Issues of implementation, functional and symbolic organization of private space in direct contact with the urban space organization, also functional and symbolic, will be discussed to highlight possible affinities with domestic housing schemes known elsewhere in the Mediterranean. The objective is to achieve a study of the Alexandrian case including the analysis of transformations and evolutions of habitat areas as well as the explanation of architectural and urban projects that have governed in time, through multiple adjustments, changes in the ancient city of Alexandria
28
Marzouk, Nelly. "Light as a Tool for Generating Identity : Lighting proposal for part of Islamic Cairo, Egypt." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217511.
Full textAbstract:
Each city has a unique image and special things to offer to citizens and visitors. It is this unique image that differentiate between the different cities. The uniqueness of the image of the city is derived from the urban identity of the city and its public spaces. The purpose of this thesis is to define what are the factors that contribute in defining space identity which were found to be the physical stationary structure, the users and their interaction with the space which result in creating memories and experience and the history of the space. Based on this definition a connection is made to define how can urban lighting contribute in fulfilling those factors This connection is made through the study of urban lighting techniques, the different approaches of lighting masterplan for three cities and users perception of the space aiming to reach a final goal of a conceptual lighting proposal for Al-Moez Ldin Allah street which is part of Islamic Cairo in Egypt. Al-Moez street is considered a landmark and a touristic space in Cairo because it is rich with heritage landmarks and amazing medieval architecture. The street is not only considered a touristic space, but it is also used by locals and a lot of Egyptians already are emotionally attached to the space. Finally, a discussion part is following that aim to reflect on the steps taken to approach the goal of this thesis and evaluate the lighting proposal based on the vision of this thesis, and it shows that keeping users as the first priority in the design process will result in the most efficient lighting proposal.
29
Elgohary, Amr Farouk. "Inventing spaces : key ideas in development architecture; reading spatial culture in the practice of everday life; in the informal settlement of El-Hekr, Ismailia, Egypt." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309103.
Full text
30
Abdel-Hamid, Hoda. "The khanka of Sultan Al-Ashraf Barsbay : a proposal for reconstruction and restoration." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845955.
Full textAbstract:
The khanka or monastic mosque, was first established in Cairo by Saladin, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, in 1171. Prior to this time, residents of the khanka, better known as Sufis - the ascetics of Islam were a group of mobile mystics who travelled widely seeking knowledge and truth of divinity and creation. It was during the Mamluk period (1250-1517) however, that the khanka gained popularity. It was normally constructed as part of a larger complex which housed other pious functions. It became commonplace among Mamluk sultans to attach their mausoleums to these khanka complexes, thus giving the khanka ultimate social and religious significance.Due to this significance, khankas, were among the first building types to face destruction upon the downfall of Mamluk rule. Unfortunatley, the deterioration of the khanka, institution has continued to this present day. In fact the khanka, institution and its architecture are slowly disappearing.In an effort to help preserve the vanishing architecture of the khanka institution, the khanka, of Sultan Al-Ashraf Barsbay, one of great architectural significance, was selected for the topic of this thesis. A reconstruction and restoration proposal is presented following complete historical, social and arcitectural research and documentaion. This proposal is based on a research methodology established for application to this and other historical buildings which may be approached for documentation and analysis.The reconstruction of the missing portions of the complex is important for the preservation of an almost extinct building type. The Khanka of Al-Ashraf Barsbay presents an interesting challenge in several repects: understanding the elements of Mamluk architecture as a distinct building style, identifying elements of islamic architecture, and finally applying this knowledge of architecture to the process of reconstruction within the framework of national and international preservation standards.Department of Architecture
31
Nikodimos, Mary Kidane. "The Role of the African Governance Architecture (AGA) in the Promotion of Democratic Governance in Africa: the Cases of Egypt-2013 and Burundi-2015." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98122.
Full text
32
El, Kateb Nada. "Carving the Path." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298492.
Full textAbstract:
This project investigates the role of the built environment in securing our practical and social needs. This is done based on research in the context of Cairo, Egypt. Banati foundation is an organisation established in 2010 which works on the rehabilitation and social reintegration of children in street situations in Cairo. This project takes Banati Foundation as its case study, offering architectural solutions to its process of social and psychological rehabilitation.This project required thorough research methodologies including primary fieldwork such as interviews and site visits, making it a project of co-creation. In building up the programme, the architect’s role was transformed to the additional role of a mediator, gathering information, exposing opportunities and assembling ideas.Banati foundation have existing tangible and intangible infrastructures with different levels of care to offer children a smooth transition into a rehabilitated safe, secure and comfortable life. My project aims to complete the cycle by investigating what being part of the Banati family means, and how Banati’s principles and objectives can extend beyond their institutional care, namely: how can young women moving out of Banati’s home transition smoothly out of their care, while maintaining Banatis role as a forever family?With a careful consideration of the social dimension of architecture, this project hopes to facilitate the final stage of care offered to the young women leaving the foundation upon reaching adulthood. The masterplan tackles questions of how to carve an easier path out of Banati’s care and into society for Banati’s graduates through socially aware architecture.
33
Belov, Alexandre. "Etudes de l'architecture navale égyptienne de la Basse Epoque : nouvelle évidence archéologique et essai de restitution en 3D." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30005.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse propose une étude de l’architecture navale égyptienne de la Basse Époque (722-332 avant J.C.). Les vestiges iconographiques, épigraphiques et archéologiques existant sur ce sujet sont très maigres. Ainsi les recherches proposées se fondent principalement sur des nouvelles données archéologiques. Les fouilles menées par l’Institut d’Archéologie Sous-Marine (IEASM) en Égypte ont permis de découvrir plus de soixante bateaux datés du XIe au Ier s. av. J.-C dans les ports et les canaux de la ville engloutie de Thônis-Héracléion. En excellent état de conservation, il s’agit de la plus grande accumulation des bateaux antiques jamais retrouvés et au moins dix-huit d’entre eux sont datables de la Basse Epoque. La construction du bateau 17, qui constitue le sujet principal de la thèse, a été étudiée pendant trois saisons des fouilles (2009-2011). Le volume des nouvelles informations acquises est considérable et permet non seulement d’analyser en détail la construction du bateau en question mais aussi de tirer les conclusions plus générales concernant les principes et les méthodes de l’architecture navale en Egypte caractéristiques de cette époque. Plusieurs décisions techniques restent uniques à la tradition d’architecture navale égyptienne ainsi que l’est le choix d’essences locales pour la construction. Les traits de construction analysés dans la thèse sont systématiquement comparés aux documents iconographiques, épigraphiques et archéologiques disponibles. Il faut souligner l’importance de la description du bateau égyptien « baris » par Hérodote (« Histoires » II.96, env. 450 av. J.-C.) qui correspond bien à la construction du bateau 17 d’Héracleion. La première version du modèle 3D de ce bateau permet d’évaluer ses capacités techniques principales. La thèse proposera une comparaison entre le génie maritime égyptien de la Basse Epoque et ceux de la Méditerranée contemporaineThe thesis is devoted to the study of Ancient Egyptian boatbuilding during the Late Period (722-332 BC). Iconographic, epigraphic and archaeological evidence on the subject being so scarce, the thesis is based mainly on a recently acquired archaeological data. Underwater excavations by the European Institute of Underwater Archaeology (IEASM) in Egypt allowed locating more than sixty ships dating from the 11th to 1st century BC in the harbour area and channels of the submerged city of Thonis-Heracleion. At least eighteen of these well-preserved ships are dated to the Late Period. The construction of ship 17 that has been studied during three excavation seasons (2009-2011) constitutes the main subject of current thesis. The considerable volume of new data allows not only to consider in detail the construction of the ship in question but also to propose several general conclusions on the constructional principles and methods characteristic to the Late Period. Many of these are unique to the Ancient Egyptian boatbuilding tradition as is the choice of local wood species for the construction. New archaeological data is compared throughout the research to existing iconographic, epigraphic and archaeological evidence. It is necessary to underline the importance of the description by Herodotus (“Histories” II.96, c.450 BC) of the local Egyptian ship “baris” as it corresponds well to the construction of ship 17. First version of the three-dimensional model of this ship allows estimating its major technical characteristics. The thesis proposes a comparison between the Late Egyptian and contemporary shipbuilding traditions of the Mediterranean
34
Le, Bian Adeline. "Le théâtre en Égypte aux époques hellénistique et romaine : architecture et archéologie, iconographie et pratique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT5007/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude concerne le fait théâtral dans ses dimensions matérielles, éclairé par les textes relatifs au fonctionnement et à la place du théâtre dans la société de l'Égypte hellénistique et romaine. Foyer d'expression et de diffusion de la culture gréco-romaine, la pratique théâtrale apparaît comme un élément fondamental au sein du processus d'hellénisation qui se met en place en Égypte à partir de la conquête d'Alexandre le Grand. Trois grands axes de recherche ont été définis : en premier lieu, le théâtre est étudié en tant qu'ouvrage architectural. Cette approche, essentiellement archéologique, est également mise en relation avec la notion de cadre urbanistique et de parure monumentale des villes d'Égypte à cette période. Nos recherches s'orientent ensuite plus spécifiquement sur le rayonnement de la pratique théâtrale en Égypte, à travers l'étude des productions d'objets issus de l'univers théâtral et dionysiaque. Ces représentations témoignent non seulement de la diffusion et de l'adaptation d'une composante essentielle de la culture grecque et romaine en Égypte, mais également de l'attachement royal à Dionysos, considéré comme l'ancêtre de la dynastie lagide. En troisième et dernier lieu, les activités et les diverses manifestations associées à l'édifice théâtral sont développées ; il s’agit d’aborder non seulement les spectacles, les auteurs et les acteurs, mais également les questions d'entretien, de maintenance et de gestion du bâtiment. L'apport de la documentation textuelle et archéologique constitue un outil précieux dans le développement de cette problématiqueThis study deals with theatre in his material dimensions, enlightened by the texts relating to the operation and place of theatre in the society of Hellenistic and Roman Egypt. Centre of expression and diffusion of Graeco-Roman culture, theatrical practice appears as a fundamental element in the process of Hellenization which implements in Egypt from the conquest of Alexander the Great. Three main areas of research were identified : first, the theatre is discussed as in his architectural dimension. This approach, mainly archaeological, is also in relation with the notion of urban planning framework and set of monumental cities of Egypt at this time. Then our research focuses specifically on the influence of theatrical practice in Egypt, through the study of the production of objects associated to theatrical and Dionysiac world. These images reflect not only the diffusion and adaptation of an essential component of Greek and Roman culture in Egypt, but also the royal attachment to Dionysus, considered the ancestor of Ptolemaic dynasty. Third and finally, the various activities and events associated with the theatre building are developed ; we deal not only dramatic shows, authors and actors, but also maintenance and building management issues. The contribution of textual documentation is an invaluable tool in the development of these notions
35
Montélimard-Arnaudiès, Emmanuelle. "Le sanctuaire principal de la barque sacrée d'Amon dans le temple de Karnak sous le règne de Thoutmosis III." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040195.
Full textAbstract:
Au XVIe siècle avant J.-C., Thoutmosis III fit construire un sanctuaire en granit rose dans le temple d’Amon, à Karnak. Cet édifice, nommé Outjes-khâou, « (celui qui) exalte les apparitions d’Amon », servait d’abri principal à la barque du dieu, qui était portée en procession lors des grandes fêtes thébaines. Remplaçant la chapelle Rouge d’Hatshepsout, il resta debout jusqu’à ce que Philippe Arrhidée, le découvrant « ruiné », ordonne sa reconstruction. C’est son sanctuaire de barque en granit qui se dresse actuellement au même emplacement. La première tâche de ce travail a consisté à rechercher les blocs épars qui composaient le sanctuaire thoutmoside. Dispersés sur les 25 hectares du site de Karnak, parfois remployés dans des monuments postérieurs, ces fragments ont été identifiés, photographiés, documentés et leurs décors, dessiné. Les fonds photographiques, les journaux et rapports de fouilles des premiers directeurs des travaux de Karnak ont été dépouillés afin de déterminer la provenance de ces blocs et l’histoire de leur découverte. L’étude architecturale a ensuite été effectuée. L’analyse du décor reconstitué a fourni des données sur les aspects religieux, cultuels et politiques du règne de Thoutmosis III et permis d’identifier certaines de ses constructions. L’élément clé de cette étude est la proposition d’une nouvelle date du remplacement de la chapelle Rouge par Outjes-khâou, pour l’an 30, à l’occasion de la première fête-sed du roi. Suivant cette hypothèse, de nouvelles séquences chronologiques ont été proposées pour la construction et la décoration d’Outjes-khâou et des édifices qui l’entouraient, au cœur de KarnakIn the 16th century BC, Thutmose III built a red granite sanctuary in the center of the temple of Amun in Karnak. This monument, named Utjes-khau “(the one who) exalts Amun’s appearances”, was used as the main resting place for the sacred bark which was carried in procession during the great Theban feasts. Replacing Hatshepsut’s Red Chapel, the shrine of Thutmose III remained standing until Philip Arrhidaeus, finding it “ruined”, ordered it to be constructed anew. Today, Arrhidaeus’ own granite bark shrine remains in situ. The first task of this research was to look for the blocks of the Thutmosid bark shrine, which were scattered across the 25 hectare area of the Karnak temples and sometimes were reused in later monuments. They were photographed, documented and drawn. The photographic collections, excavation journals and reports of the earlier field directors of Karnak have been analyzed in order to find out the find spot and the history of these blocks’ discovery. Following this, the architectural study of the bark shrine could be made. The analysis of reconstituted decoration allowed the identification of some of Thutmose III’s monuments and provided new data on religious, cultic and political aspects of his reign. The key issue of this study is the proposal of a new date for the replacement of the Red Chapel by Utjes-khau for the king’s first sed-festival in year 30. According to this hypothesis, new chronological sequences are proposed for the building and decoration of Utjes-khau and the monuments surrounding it at the center of Karnak
36
Rizk, Samuel, and Johanna Wickström. "Desertopia." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122855.
Full textAbstract:
Today over 80 million Egyptians and the majority of the country’s agricultural land are squeezed into an area the size of Stockholm county. This doesn’t have to be the case since Egypt also has an area about twice the size of Sweden covered by unutilized desert land. We have investigated how Egypt could use the endless resources of the sun and the sea water to colonize its own desert and give its citizens a chance to build a better future. Desertopia covers eight different scales, from the global (1:15 000 000) to the building construction (1:25) and uses architecture and urban design to deal with the issues of climate change, desertification, poverty and unemployment. Desertopia combines traditional vernacular building techniques with the latest climate technology to create a structure that can be used by common Egyptians to take charge of their own future.Idag är över 80 miljoner egyptier och majoriteten av landets jordbruksmark ihopklämda på en yta motsvarande Stockholms län. Det skulle dock inte behöva vara så eftersom Egyptens landyta är dubbelt så stor som hela Sverige. En yta som dock är täckt av öken. Vi har undersökt hur Egypten skulle kunna använda de ändlösa resurserna solen och havsvattnet för att kolonisera sin egen öken och ge sina invånare chansen att bygga sig en bättre framtid. Desertopia täcker åtta olika skalor, från den globala (1:15 000 000) till den enskilda byggnadens konstruktion (1:25) och använder arkitektur och stadsbyggnad för att hantera klimatförändringen, ökenspridningen, fattigdomen och arbetslösheten. Desertopia kombinerar ökenklimatets traditionella byggnadstekniker med den senaste klimatteknologin för att skapa en struktur som kan användas av vanliga egyptier för att ta makten över sin egen framtid.
37
Rosenow, Daniela. "Das Tempelhaus des Großen Bastet-Tempels in Bubastis." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17087.
Full textAbstract:
Die hier vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die architektonischen Überreste des von Nektanebos II. um die Mitte des vierten Jahrhunderts v. Chr. in Bubastis (östliches Nildelta) errichteten Tempelkomplexes. Das Gebäude wurde vor etwa 2000 Jahren, vermutlich durch ein Erdbeben, zerstört und die heute an der Oberfläche liegenden ca. 1500 Blöcke (zumeist Rosengranit) bilden die materielle Grundlage dieser Arbeit. Mittels einer Analyse der dekorierten und/oder architektonisch relevanten Blöcke wird versucht, den ursprüngliche Grundriss des Tempels sowie sein Dekorationsprogramm zu rekonstruieren. Darüberhinaus sollen grundsätz¬lichere Fragen nach der Funktion der Baustruktur und der Bedeutung der Ikonographie dieser Anlage im Lichte spätzeitlicher Sakralarchitektur, geklärt werden. Der Grundriss des Tempels läßt bereits den in der folgenden Ptolemäerzeit kanonischen Bauplan erahnen, der den Schutz des Götterbildes in den Vordergrund stellt. Das zentrale Kapitel der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Rekonstruktion der mindestens 11 Naoi, die im Tempelhaus untergebracht waren. Die Wände des Tempels und der Naoi geben ikonograhische Elemente, wie bspw. eine Inventarliste, eine kulttopograpjhische Liste, kryptographische Kartuschen, eine monographische Inschrift oder kosmologische Abbildungen, wieder. Hier wird eine der wesentlichen Grundtendenzen spätzeitlichen Tempelbaus greifbar, nämlich das scheinbar starke Bedürfnis, geographisch, kosmologisch, theologisch und mythologisch relevantes Wissen zu kodifizieren. Letztenendes scheinen diese Entwicklungen im spätzeitlichen Tempelbau- und dekor die politische Realität der 30. Dynastie widerzuspiegeln, in der Ägypten permanent von Angriffen der Perser bedroht war und die Tempel, v.a. im Ostdelta, zu einer architektonischen, zugleich aber auch rituell-magischen Festung des Göttlichen wurden.This work analyses the architectural remains of the temple erected in Tell Basta/Bubastis (Eastern Nile delta) by Nekhthorheb/Nectanebo II around the middle of the 4th century BC. It collapsed, probably due to an earthquake, about 2000 years ago and today ca. 1500 (mainly granite) blocks cover the surface of the ancient temple area. Based on the analysis of decorated and/ or architecturally diagnostic blocks (ca. 300) this study aims at retracing the original layout of the temple, its decoration and inscriptions and tries to contextualise the building within broader themes of Late Period sacred architecture. The layout of the temple already foreshadows the canonic temple layout for the later Ptolemaic temples where the protection of the cult image of a god inside the temple became paramount. The core chapter of the book deals with the reconstruction of the altogether at least eleven naoi that were housed in the building. The walls of the temple and the shrines feature iconographic elements such as an inventory lists, a culttopographical list, cryptographic cartouches, a monographic inscription or cosmological depictions, reflecting an apparently strong need to codify theologically, cultic and mythologically relevant knowledge and might be interpreted in the light of daily cult activities and the annual festival in honour of the goddess Bastet. Ultimately, the developments in Late Period temple architecture and decoration seem to reflect the political reality of the 30th dynasty – a time where Egypt was under the constant threat of a(nother) Persian invasion which shaped Egyptian identity and self-awareness, and the country’s temples, especially in the Eastern Nile delta, became not only an architectural, but more so a religious fortresses for the protection of Ancient Egyptian beliefs.
38
Ghanam, Maha. "Recherches historiques et archéologiques sur la ville de Damiette du VIIe au XIXe siècles : analyse de l'urbanisme et des architectures islamiques." Paris, EPHE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPHE4017.
Full textAbstract:
Damiette est une ville qui a existé depuis l'Egypte antique et jusqu'à nos jours. Son importance historique a pour source sa situation stratégique. Les divers évènements que la ville a traversés ont profondément affecté son urbanisme ainsi que ses styles architecturaux. Ce sont ces derniers qui m'intéressent dans la présente recherche. Le siècle présent a connu un grand intérêt porté à l'étude des monuments islamiques dans certaines régions égyptiennes. Mais Damiette, malgré son importance, n'a guère bénéficié du même intérêt. En effet, aucune étude académique documentée et complète n'a traité de l'urbanisme et de l'architecture de cette ville toutes époques confondues et précisement concernant l'époque islamique. En dépit de ces obstacles, j'ai continué mon travail en me fixant trois axes de recherches parallèles: les références écrites, le travail de terrain et les documents, manuscrits et cartes. L'essentiel du travail consistait à relever les restes des monuments, de souks, de bâtiments destinés à l'habitat, d'édifices religieux ou de constructions destinées à la défense de la ville, tels que les enceintes, murailles ou forteresses. Puis je les ai décrits et comparés aux descriptions figurant dans les sources anciennes. De même, j'ai proposé une idée de ce que pouvait être l'urbanisme de la ville et les styles architecturaux depuis la conquête islamique et jusqu'au XIXe siècle. En accomplissant ces recherches sur la ville de Damiette, j'ai voulu sortir à la lumière du jour et sur le terrain de la réalité, une visualisation provisoire de la ville dans son intégralité. J'ai décelé et éduqué les habitants, je vais procéder à la re-planification d'une des anciennes ruesDamietta is a city that has existed since ancient Egypt to the present day. Its historical importance is due to its stragegic location. Various events that the city has witnessed profoundly affected its urban and architectural styles. It is the latter that I'm interested in within this research. In the current century, there has been a great interest in the study of islamic monuments and architecture in some parts of Egypt. But Damietta, despite its importance, has not benefited from the same interest. In fact, no academic study, documented and comprehensive, has treated the urbanism and the architecture of this city, all periods are mingled and specifically concerning the islamic era. Despite these obstacles, I continued my work, fixing three parallel research axes: written sources and references, fieldwork and documents, manuscripts and maps. Most of the work consisted of identifying the remaining monuments, souks, housing buildings, religious buildings or structures for the defence of the city; such as enclosures, walls and forteresses. Then I described them and compared them to descriptions in ancient sources. Similarly, I proposed an idea of what could be the town urbanism and architectural styles since the islamic conquest until the nineteenth century. In doing this research, on the city of Damietta, I wanted to put under the day light and in the reality field, an interim visualization of the entire city. I will make all my effort to apply what I have found and to educate its inhabitants; I will proceed to the replanning and the reconstruction of one of the ancient streets while maintaining their businesses, in order to interfere in their livelihood
39
Hamdy, I. F. "Architectural approach to the energy performance of buildings in a hot-dry climate with special reference to Egypt." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373396.
Full text
40
McLaren, Kevin Todd. "Pharaonic Occultism: The Relationship of Esotericism and Egyptology, 1875-1930." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1658.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this work is to explore the interactions between occultism and scholarly Egyptology from 1875 to 1930. Within this timeframe, numerous esoteric groups formed that centered their ideologies on conceptions of ancient Egyptian knowledge. In order to legitimize their belief systems based on ancient Egyptian wisdom, esotericists attempted to become authoritative figures on Egypt. This process heavily impacted Western intellectualism not only because occult conceptions of Egypt became increasingly popular, but also because esotericists intruded into academia or attempted to overshadow it. In turn, esotericists and Egyptologists both utilized the influx of new information from Egyptological studies to shape their identities, consolidate their ideologies, and maintain authority on the value of ancient Egyptian knowledge.
This thesis follows the Egypt-centered developments of the Freemasons, the Golden Dawn, Aleister Crowley's A∴A∴, the Theosophical Society, the Anthroposophical Society, and the Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis to demonstrate that esotericism evolved simultaneously with academia as a body of knowledge. By examining these fraternal occult groups' interactions with Egyptology, it can be better understood how esotericism has affected Western intellectualism, how ideologies form in response to new information, and the effects of becoming an authority on bodies of knowledge (in particular Egyptological knowledge). In turn, embedded in this work is a challenge to those who have downplayed or overlooked the agency of esotericists in shaping the Western intellectual tradition and preserving the legacy of ancient Egypt.
41
Morris, Ellen Fowles. "The architecture of imperialism : military bases and the evolution of foreign policy in Egypt's New Kingdom /." Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39930624f.
Full text
42
Labrousse, Audran. "Recherches architecturales sur les pyramides a textes de saqqarah." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040426.
Full textAbstract:
La premiere partie de ces recherches porte sur l'etude de l'architecture des dernieres pyramides de l'ancien empire d'egypte, celles des rois ounas, teti, pepi 1er, merenre et pepi ii (fin de la cinquieme et sixieme dynastie, environ 2355-2160 av. J. C. ). La seconde partie analyse la construction interne de ces monuments pour tenter de mieux en saisir la fonction. On voit se stabiliser une architecture symbolique, qui, associee desormais aux "textes des pyramides" correspond a l'aboutissement des tentatives menees par les architectes-theologiens depuis le debut de la troisieme dynastie (environ 2640 av. J. C. ) pour assurer au tombeau royal le maximum d'efficacite spirituelle. Les nouvelles donnees archeologiques revelees par l'etude des enterrements royaux suggere une approche historique plus nuancee, notament sur la duree des regnesTHE FIRST PART OF THESE RESEARCH INDUCE AN ARCHITECTURAL STUDY OF THE LAST PYRAMIDS OF THE EGYPTIAN OLD KINGDOM, THOSE OF THE KINGS UNIS, TETI, PEPI THE IST, MERENRA AND PEPI THE IIND (END OF THE FITH AND SIXTH DYNASTY, CIRCA 2355-2160 B. C. ). THE SECOND PART ANALYSE THE INTERNAL BUILDING OF THE MONUMENTS IN ORDER TO TRY AN UNDERSTANDING OF ITS FONCTION. FROM NOW ON AND IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE "PYRAMID TEXTS", A MORE SYMBOLIC ARCHITECTURE BECOMES STABLE, AS A FULFILMENT OF THE ATTEMPS CARRIED BY THE ARCHITECTS THEOLOGISTS SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE THIRD DYNASTY (CIRCA 2640 B. C. ), TO SECURE THE ROYAL TOMB WITH A MAXIMUM OF SPIRITUAL EFFICIENCY. THE NEW ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA, REVELED BY THE STUDY OF THE ROYAL BURIALS, SUGGEST A DIFFERENT HISTORICAL APPROACH SPECIALY FOR THE length OF THE REIGNS
43
Debout, Lise. "Gouvernements urbains en régime autoritaire : le cas de la gestion des déchets en Égypte." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20080.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche s’inscrit au croisement de deux problématiques des études urbaines : le gouvernement urbain et les services publics en réseau. Elle étudie le cas de la gestion des déchets ménagers en Égypte à travers trois études de cas (Le Caire, Giza et Alexandrie) où la délégation du service à des entreprises européennes a transformé la gestion urbaine. Avant les Révoltes, l’Égypte, malgré des réformes de libéralisation économique et politique de façade, était demeurée un régime autoritaire et centralisé. Dans ce contexte d’une absence a priori de gouvernement urbain, comment assurer l’adaptation locale et la réponse aux besoins locaux d’une politique publique ? Proposant une grille de lecture du gouvernement urbain, nous étudions sa formation et/ou transformation et les conditions de la territorialisation des politiques publiques à travers la réforme de la gestion des déchets. Définissant ce service public comme « réseau mou », nous postulons qu’il a des caractéristiques propres à modeler le gouvernement urbain dans sa dimension institutionnelle et horizontale. Trois résultats peuvent être tirés de cette recherche. Tout d’abord, si l’État, pendant le processus de réforme, jouait un rôle central, une partie du service lui échappe dans l’implantation de la politique. Deuxièmement, ce réseau « mou » peut atteindre des objectifs de service public au même titre que les réseaux « durs » traditionnels (eau, assainissement, etc.) dans le cadre. Troisièmement, que y compris dans un régime autoritaire, ce service public particulier, a stimulé la formation de gouvernements urbains dans une forme d’autonomie vis-à-vis de l’ÉtatThis research is situated at the crossover between two issues in urban studies: urban government and networked public infrastructure. It explores the case of solid waste management reform in Egypt, through three case studies (Cairo, Giza and Alexandria) where the privatization of public utilities involving European companies has affected urban management. Before the Arab Spring (as the uprisings were called), Egypt was governed under an authoritarian and centralized regime, despite some surface economic and political reforms. In this context of an a priori absence of urban government, how can public policy be locally adapted to fit local needs? Developing a framework of analysis related to urban government, we study its formation and/or transformation and the condition through which public policies are translated into action on the ground through the reform of solid waste management. Defining this public utility as a ‟soft-network″, we postulate that it has characteristics, which allow it to shape urban government in its institutional and horizontal dimensions. Three results can be drawn from the research. Firstly, we show that the State played a central role, during implementation at the local level. However, the State lost control of a part of the utility management in the process. Secondly, this ‟soft-network″ was able to attain the objectives of a public utility, just as traditional ‟hard-networks″ do (water, sanitation, etc.). Thirdly, even under an authoritarian regime, this specific public networked utility did indeed participate in the local formation of urban government in Egypt in a kind of autonomy from the State
44
Abdel, Hadi Hassan. "Portes de degagements dans les temples tardifs d'egypte, dendara et edfou : traduction et commentaires." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30026.
Full textAbstract:
La porte est un element important de l'architecture du temple egyptien. C'est un edifice independant de la salle ou elle se trouve. Elle est construite dans une matiere plus resistante que le reste du mur. Nous avons etudie dans la partie architecturale les elements constitutifs de la porte : le seuil, les montants et le linteau. Dans la typologie des portes, nous en avons distingue trois : les portes monumentales, les portes a linteau brise et les portes laterales. La decoration est conditionnee par la composition meme de la porte. Ainsi, les montants sont divises en registres superposes, le linteau en tableaux symetriques. Les embrasures sont decorees par des emblemes prophylactiques. La partie essentielle de notre travail traite des textes des portes des temples d'edfou et de dendara. Les textes des portes axiales des deux temples ont ete traduits d'une maniere exhaustive. Pour les portes laterales, nous avons choisi les textes les plus significatifs. Les traductions sont suivies d'une commentaire philologique et theologique et d'une conclusion sur le contenu des textes. Dans la conclusion generale, nous avons demontre le role important que joue la porte dans la vie du temple egyptien. Par le choix de ses textes et representations, la porte resume ce qui se passe dans la salle du temple a laquelle elle donne acces. Les portes axiales et laterales constituent un resume theologique, dogmatique et rituel du temple. Un volume separe est reserve a la bibliographie et aux indexThe door is an important element of the egyptian tempel architecture. It is an independant edifice from the hall when it lies. It is constructed in a more resistant matter than the reste of the wall. We have studied, in the architectural part, the elements, that constitute the door : the threshold ; the posts, and the lintel. As about the door typology, we have distinguished three kinds : the monumental doors, the doors with opend lintel and the lateral doors. The decoration is conditioned by the composition of the door. So, the posts are divised in superposed registers, the lintel is occupied by symetrical tableau. The splaies are decorated by prophylactic signs. The essential part of our work concerns the door texts of the tempels of edfu and dendara. The the texts of the axial doors of the two tempels are translated in an exhaustive way. As for the lateral doors, we choised the most significant texts. The translations are followed by a philological and theological commentary and a conclusion upon the contents of the texts. In the general conclusion, we demonstrated the important role of the door in the egyptian tempel. By the choice of its texts and representations, the door summarizes which happens in the next hall of the tempel. A separated volume is reserved for the bibliography and indexes
45
Abou, Bakr Salwa. "L'architecture domestique de Rashîd du XVIème siècle au XIXème siécle (Étude comparatives)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040270.
Full textAbstract:
Après le Caire, Rashîd est l’une des villes d’Égypte ayant gardé un important héritage architectural et urbain. Tout au long de son histoire elle a joué un rôle considérable dans le Delta, notamment pendant la période ottomane. Elle a connu tout le long de cette partie de son histoire un essor économique et commercial intéressant à expliquer les raisons. Elles sont multiples, mais particulièrement sa situation géographique dans la région qui a joué le rôle le plus prépondérant. Le fait qu’elle soit la ville égyptienne la plus proche à la fois d’Istanbul et de l’Europe lui a permis de développer avec celles-ci des relations économiques et commerciales prospères qui ont induit un véritable développement urbain de la ville. Rashîd s'est ainsi dotée d’un style architectural particulier et d’un nombre important de constructions domestiquesRashid City is considered once of the richest Egyptian cities in term of Arabian Monuments; it comes second in its monumental wealth after the city of Cairo. Rashid city keeps until this moment a number of monuments which were built during the Ottoman era, on top of which comes a number of monumental houses (20 houses) which are unique in style.Rashaid city had also played a remarkable role in aspects of history, culture, architecture, and art, which had placed such city in high regard among the Arab cities. Arab cities joined Al- rasheed in founding such unique buildings.Building were affected in both shape and essence by geographical, economic, political, cultural, and religious factors found in such era; thus buildings appeared to have mostly similar shapes in some cities, while they appeared to be different in others. Such buildings were also buit using similar materials in some cities, while using different ones in others; however all the buildings were built to provide a shelter for humans in order to achieve their privacy, and protection against any natural or man-made dangers.Thus such unique architecture which took notice of essence rather than appearance – the Arabian housing architecture – had emerged to fulfill all these constant human needs regardless of time or place.Such remaining architectural relics must be placed under athorough historical and technical study, so that we would have the sufficient expertise needed to contribute in preserving such historical buildings
46
Cayzac, Julie. "Le portique occidental du temple de Philae : un espace théologique et cultuel." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30100.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de recherche constitue une étude globale du portique occidental de Philae, prenant en compte l’ensemble architectural, théologique et cultuel qu’il forme. Une première partie pose le cadre dans lequel se situe le portique, en le replaçant dans son contexte topographique, architectural et historique, et présente les fonctions du monument. La deuxième partie aborde plus en détail le monument en présentant ses particularités architecturales, les malfaçons de sa conception, la singularité de ses fenêtres et la diversité de ses chapiteaux. Ensuite, la chronologie de la décoration est établie, depuis le règne d’Auguste jusqu’à celui de Néron et peut-être au-delà. La troisième partie est consacrée à la translittération, la traduction et le commentaire des textes. Les erreurs de signes et les incompréhensions diverses sont exposées. Puis, vient la synthèse, formée par l’étude de la « grammaire » du temple et le commentaire théologique des textes. Enfin une dernière partie présente les différents témoignages de l’homme sous le portique: inscriptions démotiques, grecques, graffites figuratifs et cupules. Cette documentation apporte des informations sur les travaux du portique, le culte officiel et les pratiques en marge du culte officiel qui se déroulaient dans l’espace du parvis du temple d’Isis. Un volume de 158 planches accompagne le volume de texte. Il comprend la copie de tous les textes du portique, pour la plupart inéditsThis work is a comprehensive study of the western portico of Philae temple, taking into account its architectural features, its theology and its function as a place of worship. The first part gives an overview of the topographical, architectural and historical contexts and presents the function of the monument. The second part details its architectural peculiarities, the misconceptions, the singularity of its windows and the diversity of its capitals. Chronology of the decoration is then established, extending from the reign of Augustus till the reign of Nero or maybe after. The third part is devoted to the transliteration, translation and commentary of the texts. Various miswritings and uncomprehensions of the texts are exposed. The synthesis takes into account the « grammaire du temple » and theological commentary of the texts. The last part is devoted to the portico considered as a place of worship and the marks left by the men who worked and passed by there : demotic and greek inscriptions, carved images, gold covering and small cavities. This documentation gives informative insights on the works of the portico, the official cult and the more « popular » practices which occured in the forecourt of the temple of Isis. A volume of 158 plates is added, containing the copy of all the texts of the portico, which are mainly unpublished
47
ERROUX, MORFIN MARGUERITE. "Etude archeologique et symbolique de la colonne egyptienne." Montpellier 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON30029.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail comprend deux parties. La premiere est consacree a un inventaire archeologique des colonnes dans l'egypte ancienne. 450 documents architecturaux sont presentes et analyses. Les colonnes egyptiennes sont classees en deux groupes, les supports simples (colonnes cylindriques, polygonales et les colonnes-poteaux) et les supportsplantes (colonnes papyriformes, lotiformes, palmiformes et composites). Est aussi etudie un type de support propre a l'egypte, a savoir les supports dont le chapiteau reproduit le visage de la deesse hathor ou du dieu bes. La deuxieme partie traite de la signification des colonnes. Elle s'appuie sur les textes hieroglyphiques empruntes aux dedicaces des temples ou sont bien souvent decrits les differents elements architecturaux d'un temple. Une traduction et un commentaire theologique des scenes d'eriger le iwn et d'offrir le papyrus-w3d sont egalement donnes. En comparnt les donnees architecturales et les textes nous pouvons dire que la colonne est un element qui obeit a une discipline qui lui exterieure, l'architecture du temple, mais elle est aussi une note ou meme un hymne religieux inscrit dans la theologie du lieu ou elle se dresse et dont elle ne doit pas rompre le caractere harmonique. De sa fonction purement materielle de support, la colonne en garde le nom. Elle est alors designee par les mots tw3 et rmn, appui et soutien. La colonne a aussi une valeur symbolique d'ordre cosmologique. Le temple ou se dressent les colonnes est une image de l'egypte et du monde. Il repete le paysage cosmique. De la base au chapiteau, les colonnes sont la reproduction dans la pierre de la tige de papyrus, de lotus ou du tronc de palmier. .This work is divided into parts. The first part is the archaeological inventory, as complete as possible, of the ancient egyptian columns. 450 architectural documents are produced and analysed. The egyptian columns can be classified into two groups : pillars, cylindric, polygonal columns and columns in the shape of a plant. We also study a kind of column which is typical in ancient egypt, namely those whose capitals reproduce the faces of the goddess hathor or of the god bes. The second part deals with the meaning of these egyptian columns. This study is made possible by the texts of the temple dedications where different architectural elements are usually depicted. A translation and a theological commentary of the erecting the pillar-iwn and offering the papyrus-w3d are given and discussed. In comparing the archaeological data and the texts, we can say that the columns are elements conditioned by the tempel and, if we dare say, by a religious hymn, describing theology of the place where they are erected
48
González, Gil Emma. "El Recinto templario de Sethy I en Abydos: Aspectos arquitectónicos, simbólicos e iconográficos adscritos a los cultos divinos escenificados en el templo de Sethy I." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397700.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tesis expone la historia del yacimiento de Abydos y su relevancia como cen-tro religioso y místico hasta la época romana. Al mismo tiempo, presenta la cró-nica de todos aquellos personajes que visitaron el templo de Sethy I, ubicado en este enclave, desde la antigüedad y hasta finales del siglo xix, dejando constancia de su paso en distintas publicaciones llenas de comentarios y apreciaciones. La información se complementa con la exposición de todas las actuaciones arqueo-lógicas y demás intervenciones realizadas en el santuario a partir del siglo xx hasta la actualidad. A continuación, se lleva a cabo una descripción del recinto templario de Sethy I haciendo hincapié en sus aspectos arquitectónicos, simbó-licos e iconográficos adscritos a los cultos representados en los diferentes sectores que componen este edificio sagrado. A partir de los elementos constitutivos del mismo y de la gran relevancia mística del lugar con Osiris, se establecen toda una serie de hipótesis focalizadas en el singular aspecto que presenta el templo, así como en la finalidad última de su construcción asociada al Osireion.
De este modo, el primer capítulo se centra en la presentación del yacimiento de Abydos en su conjunto, así como en el desarrollo del enclave, a nivel religioso, durante toda la historia del antiguo Egipto hasta la presencia del mundo romano. Un segundo capítulo versa acerca de Osiris y su estrecha vinculación con Abydos, destacando en los ritos mistéricos. El tercer capítulo presenta, de modo sucinto, al artífice del templo, así como su época, además de destacar la importancia que Sethy I otorgó a su templo abydiense. El cuarto capítulo expone la historia de las investigaciones del santuario de Sethy I en Abydos y su redescubrimiento.
Una vez establecida la historia del templo, así como las actuaciones realizadas para su recuperación, los capítulos quinto y sexto se centran en la exposición e interpretación de los aspectos arquitectónicos, simbólicos e iconográficos que ofrece el recinto templario. Un último capítulo, el séptimo, recoge las conclusio-nes generales focalizadas en la finalidad última de este espacio sagrado, además de aportar toda una serie de premisas sobre la envergadura del rito osiriaco aso-ciado al soberano, así como sus implicaciones.This thesis presents the history of the site of Abydos and its relevance as a religious and mystical center until Roman times. At the same time, it presents the chronicle of those personages who visited the temple of Seti I, located in this enclave, from ancient times until the end of the nineteenth century, leaving evidence of their presence in various publications full of comments and insights. The information is supplemented by the exposure of the all archaeological actions and other interventions carried out in the sanctuary from the twentieth century to the present. Then it carried out a description of the Templar enclosure of Sethy I emphasizing its architectural, symbolic and iconographic aspects attached to the cults represented in the various sectors that make up this sacred building. From the constituent elements of the temple and the great mystical significance of the place with the god Osiris, a number of hypotheses focused on the singular aspects presented by the temple and with the ultimate purpose of its construction associated with the Osireion. Thus, the first chapter focuses on the presentation of the site of Abydos as a whole as well as in the development of the enclave, a religious level, throughout the history of ancient Egypt to the presence of the Roman world. A second chapter is about Osiris and his close ties with Abydos, highlighting the mystery rites. The third chapter presents succinctly, the architect of the temple, as well as his time, in addition to highlighting the importance of Seti I for his Abydos’s temple. The fourth chapter presents the history of investigations of the sanctuary of Seti I at Abydos and its rediscovery. Once established the history of the temple and the action taken for his recovery, the fifth and sixth chapters focus on the presenting and interpretation of architectural, symbolic and iconographic aspects offered in the temple. A last chapter, the seventh, sets out the general conclusions focused on the ultimate objective of this sacred space, in addition to providing a range of assumptions about the importance of the Osirian rite associated with the sovereign, and its implications.
49
Martinet, Gilles. "Grès et mortiers du temple d'Amon à Karnak, Haute-Egypte : étude des altérations, aide à la restauration." Tours, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOUR4001.
Full textAbstract:
Le temple d'Amon à Karnak comprend dans sa maçonnerie de multiples matériaux. Après une présentation du contexte environnant et un inventaire des roches présentes dans l'enceinte du monument. L'étude du grès de la Formation Nubienne a été approfondie. Non altéré en carrière, le grès en œuvre est affecté par de graves problèmes de vieillissement. Trois morphologies d'altération ont été relevées. Le couplage des processus de néoformations salines et de dilatation thermique différentielle des minéraux de la roche, régissent l'évolution des pierres gréseuses. Les différents mortiers, utilisés pour la construction et la restauration du temple, ont été inventoriés. Chaque nature de liant, datant de l'époque pharaonique ou des restaurations du vingtième siècle, a fait l'objet d'analyses et d'observations permettant d'appréhender son mode de fabrication et ses types d'altération. Suivant la texture et la nature de leurs liaisons avec les pierres gréseuses, ces produits ont évolué différemment. A partir de nombreux essais et analyses réalisés in situ et en laboratoire, une formule de mortier à base de liants hydrauliques, pour les restaurations, a pu être proposée et optimisée.
50
Khudori, Darwis. "De la création française au développement égyptien : transformations architecturales et sociales dans une ville du monde musulman : cas d'Ismaïlia, Egypte (1862-1993)." Phd thesis, Paris 4, 1999. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448634.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude pose, comme problématique, la modernisation qui, à travers ses aspects les plus superficiels (la technologie et le libéralisme), secoue le Monde musulman, notamment depuis les trois dernières décennies. Toutes les sociétés musulmanes, du Maroc à l'Indonésie, sont confrontées au problème de la conciliation entre la "permanence" enseignée par l'islam et les "changements" imposés par la modernisation, ce qui suscite des conflits, au nom de l'islam, entre les différentes factions de la société musulmane. Sans intervenir dans ces conflits, mais pouvant probablement contribuer à une meilleure compréhension du problème, ce travail se propose d'étudier le phénomène (de modernisation du Monde musulman) dans un domaine qui échappe jusqu'ici à la conscience de la société musulmane : l'habitat (au sens large, englobant toutes les créations de l'homme, qui partent de son besoin fondamental, l'habiter, et qui se manifestent à plusieurs échelles, de la maison à la ville). Le cas étudié est la ville d'Ismaïlia, fondée en 1862 et gérée par la Compagnie du Canal de Suez jusqu'à la nationalisation de celle-ci en 1956, appropriée et gérée par la suite par le Gouvernement égyptien jusqu'à nos jours. Comment les Egyptiens (sous-entendu : orientaux, arabes, musulmans, traditionnels / médiévaux) s'approprient et développent l'habitat conçu et formé par les Français (sous-entendu : occidentaux, européens, chrétiens, modernes), voilà la questionThis study puts forward, as problematic, the modernization which, through its most superficial aspects (technology and liberalism), has shaken the Muslim world, especially for the last three decades. All Muslim societies, from Morocco to Indonesia, are confronted with the problem of conciliation between the "permanence" taught by Islam and "changes" imposed by modernization, arousing conflicts, in the name of Islam, among the different factions of Muslim society. Without intervening in those conflicts, but being probably able to contribute to a better understanding of the problem, this work aims at studying the phenomenon (of the modernization of the Muslim world) in a field which has escaped up to now the awareness of Muslim society: habitat (in the larger sense, encompassing all the human creations, which start from his fundamental need, to inhabit, and which appear in various scales, from the house to the city). The studied case is the city of Ismailia, founded in 1862 and managed by the Suez Canal Company until it was nationalized in 1956, appropriated and managed afterward by the Egyptian government up to the present day. How do the Egyptians (understood as: Orientals, Arabs, Muslims, traditionnals / medievals) appropriate and develop the habitat conceived and formed by the French (understood as: occidentals, Europeans, Christians, moderns), that is the question