Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Architecture funéraire'
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Lauffray, Jean. "Halabiyya Zenobia : architecture publique, religieuse, privée et funéraire." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010524.
Full textThis thesis is the tome II of the publishing of the investigations made on the site of Halabiyya, the antique Zenobia founded by queen Zenobia on the right bank of the river Euphrate and which was rebuilt and fortified during the v and vi centuries. Tome I treated of the ramparts and of the citadel. Tome II studies the town planning modeled anew by Justinien, civil monuments (porticos, tetrapyle); religions (a cathedral with atrium and baptistery); funeral (hypogeums and towers); private houss). Main facts established are : exactness of the descriptions by Procope, de aedificiis ii-viii. Existence of a bishopric at Zenobia, suffragan on Resafa. Datation of the churches. Technology of construction and preservation in Euphratesia and their, pecullarity. Position funeral towers in the chronological evolution of their structure. Brief survival of a Christian religion after the dismantling by Khosro II in 610 until at least the Umayyad period
Bievre-Perrin, Fabien. "Les monuments funéraires de Grande Grèce : recherches sur les marqueurs de tombes du Vème au III ème siècle avant J-C." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20117.
Full textSince the scientific value of funerary archaeology has been acknowledged at the end of the XVIIIth century, it has been at the heart of research on Magna Graecia italiot societies. Because they aroused the cultural elite’s admiration, as much as the vases, grave markers from Southern Italia have been at a very early stage brought in European collections and first studied by art historians.Taking into account terminology issues (however modern, the term “marker” remains relevant) and based on a corpus of around 800 markers patiently put together, this study seeks to demonstrate that a methodical and meticulous analysis of the markers helps us to expand our historical knowledge and open new perspectives. These monuments and objects were there to indicate tombs, define the deceased’s new status and pay tribute to him, as well as praise his family in the eyes of the livings. They allow us to see, then, entire parts, which are little known, of the italiot societies and their origins. From the Vth century, when the interactions between Greek and indigenous territories start within the italiot koine, to the IIIrd century B.-C., when the Romans started to settle down in the region, these monuments give useful information about the evolution of local societies. Bringing together the whole range of the available evidence allows us to study important features of the societies: social mutations, communities hierarchy, power claims, relationships between Greek and native people, acculturation process, funerary rites and eschatological beliefs.This dissertation is divided into two volumes, which are to be read in a simultaneous and complementary way. One volume consists of the forms from the database designed for the corpus analysis: nearly 800 entire or fragmentary markers. The other one holds the archaeological and historical analyses. After stating the current status in historiography, etymology and methodology, this study looks into the corpus material, mainly from an archaeological point of view, focusing on contextualization, and sometimes comparing it with iconographic and textual evidence. In two overviews, the analysis then draws conclusions from a typology of the markers, made as methodical and critical as possible. The first one questions the concept of grave marker (why and according to which criteria do the Greeks mark their tombs?), the second one studies how the Mediterranean koinè and italiot melting-pot influenced the Magna Graecia markers, in order to have a better understanding of the acculturation and circulation processes
De, Jonghe Marie. "Les nécropoles phéniciennes de Méditerranée occidentale : architectures et pratiques funéraires." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H065.
Full textIt is the fragmentation of the data on the phoenician necropolises that motivated the realization of a general study to establish recurring plans in the way the Phoenician see and worry about their deads. This work has for title "the phoenician necropolises of the western Mediterranea. Architectures and funeral practices", and takes a seat in the following geographical frame: lberian Peninsula, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Sardinia, island of Malta and finally Sicily, and it on all of the phoenician period in the western Mediterranean Sea (8-Sth century BC).The synthesis of the former searches and the considerable contribution of the recent studies on the subject allow us to considerate a more elaborate comparative study of the phoenician necropolises of the western Mediterranea. If the characteristics are clearly identified, the fact remains that they present big variabilities. So, from a region to the other one, the characteristics change and the typologies get bigger, both from the point of view of the architecture and the rites and of the funeral furniture. But what relation exists between the architecture, the choice of the rite and the funeral deposit? How to explain such a variability and what aspects does it does take on? It is possible to identify more or less recurring plans which could bring us to a better understanding of the funeral standard for the phoenician of the western Mediterranea, and how it is characterized. To treat this whole question, the realization of a catalog of data allows not only a centralization, a better access to the raw data and thus a better use of these. But it also allows us to report the number of graves for which we have infom1ation on sites having formerly been searched and whose documentation is incomplete
Wolfram, Mélanie. "La christianisation du monde rural dans le sud de la Lusitanie : Archéologie – Architecture – Épigraphie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040280.
Full textThis thesis is a synthesis of all the concrete elements which confirm the Christianisation of South Lusitania between the 4th and the beginning of the 8th century. Given that the documentary sources are already known, we have chosen to study and to gather all the archaeological data, the architectural elements and the paleochristian inscriptions as being part of the same history, that of the slow adoption of the Christian religion.The first part presents the first ever synthesis of all the places with Christian presence which have so far been discovered in the current area of Alentejo. The emphasis is on the analysis of unpublished material of three essential sites: the elements of Portuguese excavations of the necropolis and basilica of Torre de Palma (Monforte), the architectural equipment of the necropolis of Silveirona (Estremoz) and the complete record of the baptistery of Vila Verde de Ficalho (Serpa). The second part focuses on the stylistic study of the decorative motives of Christian churches and uncovers the various regional styles within the great architectural school of the capital Augusta Emerita and of the Iberian Peninsula. The third part concentrates on the study of funerary epigraphy. Finally, the questioning of 'Christianisation' itself is explored. In particular, to what extent it is possible to understand, via the material culture, such a delicate question as the following of a new faith
Massart, Claire M. A. G. "Les tumulus gallo-romains dans la cité des Tongres: structures architecturales, rites, matériel funéraire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210143.
Full textLes tumulus de la cité des Tongres s’inscrivent dans des faciès sociaux et régionaux correspondant à des situations économiques et politiques qui ont évolué de manière très différente. Leur densité en Hesbaye contraste avec une présence beaucoup plus disséminée en Condroz et dans le nord de l’Ardenne.
Le groupe hesbignon occupe la région fertile du centre de la cité, où se situe le caput civitatis. Les grands tumulus y apparaissent à la fin de l’époque flavienne. Leurs caveaux en bois et leurs opulents mobiliers à service du banquet sont d’emblée très uniformisés, révélant des funérailles ostentatoires qui se sont déroulées selon des conventions et des codes communs, puisés dans les symboles de l’idéal aristocratique celtique. Les structures rituelles et le matériel liturgique, préservés sous plusieurs tertres, renvoient à certaines pratiques religieuses propres au monde celto-germanique, en même temps qu’à des actes sacrificiels empruntés au culte romain.
Dans les régions situées au sud du sillon sambro-mosan, les tertres sont de taille souvent plus modeste. Ils ont généralement abrité des dépositions simples, tandis qu’une autre catégorie de tombes, à monument en pierre, recèle des mobiliers en coffre comparables aux dépôts hesbignons.
L’étude des tumulus tongres a permis d’appréhender, par de multiples aspects, l’autoreprésentation de la classe dirigeante de la cité, son niveau d’acculturation et ses conservatismes, l’idéologie que ces notables ont instaurée au sein de la nouvelle structure politique, contribuant à affirmer des valeurs sociales construites dans la mixité des traditions, des nouveaux devoirs civiques et des influences culturelles méditerranéennes. L’étude du matériel a mis en évidence les panoplies funéraires, leur signification et leurs particularismes régionaux. Elle a, par ailleurs, apporté de nombreuses informations dans des domaines aussi variés que ceux des réseaux commerciaux, de la composition des services et de l’évolution du vaisselier gallo-romain.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Berkani, Hayette. "Les tumulus à couloir et enclos de la Tassili du Fadnoun (Tassili Azger, Algérie) : architecture, contextes géographique et funéraire : apports des Systèmes d'Information Géographique (SIG) et de l'imagerie satellitaire dans l'étude des monuments funéraires sahariens." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0601.
Full textThis study focuses the human occupation of the Tassili of Fadnoun (south-east Algeria) through the architectural analysis of the corridor and enclosures tumuli and their geographical and funerary contexts. The geographical position of this great massif, near Tanget, Tassedjebest, Tamelghiq and the other massifs situated in the south-east, gives it a role of crossroads where cultural productions including rock art and funerary architecture were exchanged. Since the publication of Jean Pierre Savary, which dates from the early sixties, the study of funerary monuments of the Fadnoun has not undergone significant evolution. The main objective of our research is to re-examine the old data concerning corridor and enclosure tumuli and to give impetus to new research introducing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and satellite imagery to a wider scale and regional context. The complementary study carried out in this thesis is clearly in line with the previous work. These initial results are a starting point for further research in the Tassili of Fadnoun, which has long been marginalized because of difficulties of access. This study shows that corridor and enclosure type monuments have several common characteristics, notably in architecture, burial mode and dating, in spite of a very wide geographical distribution all over of the central Saharan massifs
Baraze, Muhmmad. "Recherches sur les tombes à fosse dans la Syrie antique entre le Ier et le VIlle siècle après J.-C. : espace, architecture et pratiques funéraires." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30039.
Full textThis thesis aims to provide knowledge of the world of the dead in pit graves in antique Syria between the 1st and the 8th century AD. The area under consideration includes the region of the Orient located between Anatolia, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea. This work tries to characterize the location of pit graves, to establish a typological and chronological classification of the funeral architecture of this type of grave and to determine the funeral rites practiced: inhumation or cremation, individual or group, collective or multiple, primary or secondary burial. It is also a question of illustrating the alignment and the positioning of the bodies placed in the graves: the position of the trunk, the head, the lower and upper limbs. This work furthermore attempts to analyze the location of grave objects and the order in which they were deposited. Beyond these archaeological and taphonomic analyses, the objective is to determine whether there is an evolution or a variation in the funeral practices between different geographical zones or during a particular period. It is also a question of verifying whether the whole of Syria belonged to the Greco-Roman culture in the field of the funeral practices or if, on the contrary, the entire region or only certain geographical zones of Syria, remained apart from this culture
Láskarīs, Nikólaos G. "Monuments funéraires paléochrétiens (et byzantins) de la Grèce." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010639.
Full textTuil, Bulle. "Inhumation et baraka : La tombe du saint dans la ville de l’Occident musulman au Moyen-Âge (XIIe-XVe siècle)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040277.
Full textSince the fi rst publications dated from colonial times, which mostly sought to show its folk and endemic character,the cult of saints in North Africa has been the subject of numerous studies both dealing with its origins as itsdiachronic evolution. The fi rst stage of development that goes from the twelfth to the fi fteenth century is well known.However, this worship is committed to the graves of revered fi gures and there have been no studies specifi cally focusingon their materiality. This research then intends to reconstruct the building stages of real poles of devotion around theholy tombs whose climax is reached during the fourteenth century. This approach is in line with archaeology of the lost,and therefore focuses on the analysis of written sources in order to approach a physical reality, otherwise unattainable.The fi rst step is formal. The point is to understand what is erected over the tombs of the saints and for whatpurposes, in a chronological way. The constitution of shrines is subsequently considered in its social context, beforeanalysing how these burials inscribe themselves in a given space, and even participate in a symbolic writing of the city’sterritory.The set up of these funerary poles of devotion is not an isolated phenomenon, since it can be seen across the dāral-Islām. The Maghreb is therefore fully inscribed in the history of medieval religious architecture of the Muslim world
Neyme, Dorothée. "Décor et architecture des monuments funéraires de la fin du Ier siècle de notre ère à la fin du IIIe siècle à Cumes et en Campanie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0550.
Full textThis doctorate takes as its starting point the discoveries made in the roman necropolis of the Porta Mediana of Cumae (Campania, Italy), where the archaeological excavations made by the Centre Jean Bérard (CJB, 3133-CNRS-EfR) revealed monumental graves from Antonine and Severian times, whose funerary paintings well preserved.These pieces of information were really precious, as being inserted in a pretty well documented archaeological background, giving the chance to reopen the file of funeral painting from imperial ages in Campania, little known, especially because of its chronological position situated in between the vesuvian cities' great discoveries and the christian catacombs' rise, which until recent times have been focusing most of the attentions.After presenting the situation of this corpus disregarded for a long time, this study, based on the new material from Cumae, permitted to define : the chronological frame, the technical and iconographical features, and the link between the decoration and the architecture. Issues reflecting the graves owner ‘s aspirations, by offering a social reading of the age
Lunven, Anne. "Construction de l’espace religieux dans les diocèses de Rennes, Dol et Alet/Saint-Malo : Approches historique et archéologique de la formation des territoires ecclésiastiques (diocèse, paroisse et cadres intermédiaires) entre le Ve et le XIIIe siècle." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20010.
Full textOur work aimed to understand the formation of ecclesiastical territories of Rennes, Dol and Alet/Saint-Malo dioceses between the fifth and thirteenth centuries. Our focus on these three dioceses of Haute Bretagne is justified by thecrossroads between two theorised systems of ecclesiastical organisation. On the one hand, the Episcopal see of Rennes originated from gallo-frankish tradition and, on the other hand, Episcopal sees of Alet/Saint-Malo and Dol which evolved until ninth century due to the Celtic Church, in the framework of Breton emigration west of the Vilaine. In the first model, ecclesiastical structures were inherited from antique civil districts, contrary to the second model where the Church wasestablished following criteria that were more based on community than territory. Based on textual analysis and archaeology, especially from funeral sites and religious buildings, we intend to show that Church, in the Breton zone as in the Frankish zone, did not always have the same relationship to space. It was only between the eleventh and twelfth centuries, in the context of Gregorian Reform that Church emerged as a temporal institution, dedicated to taking charge of population. The creation of parishes, diocese, archdeaconries and deaneries followed the same dynamics: the affirmation of bishop as an autonomous power, who, as holder of sacredness, have exerted a spiritual authority beyond that exerted by churches or clerics dependents on his jurisdiction
Lazzarini, Catherine Marie. "Les tombes royales et les tombes de prestige en Mésopotamie et en Syrie du Nord au Bronze Ancien." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20023/document.
Full textThe royal tombs and the tombs of prestige are specific of a group detaining a regional power or local power. We have identified archaeological traits in the Syrian and Mesopotamian Early Bronze Age context which could distinguish the prestige tombs from the others. These formal features are the monumental architecture, the specific location of the prestige tombs and the group of graves associated, and the grave goods. The wealth of the deposition and the structure are characteristics of the prestige tombs and it constitutes complex signs integrated in an ideological discourse. Thus, an anthropological perspective has been essential to appreciate the social implication of the elite funerary practices. As others main events in the society, funerary practices of prestige are rituals and social practices which play a role in the representation of the elite power and in the structure of the society. The royal tombs and the tombs of prestige are social instruments of ideological manipulation; the funerary practices are integrated in social discourse through rituals in order to reproduce and maintain social structure and justify the elite power
Vial, Françoise. "La visibilité de la mort et l’expression de la vie : la fondation funéraire de Philibert II de Savoie et Marguerite d’Autriche à Brou (1504-1532)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040017.
Full textInstead of expressing, as it is traditionally regarded, the imperial politics in Savoy of Margaret of Austria, regent of the Netherlands, the convent Saint Nicolas of Tolentino in Brou she erected in her dower of Bresse embodies the devotion of her late husband Philibert II, duke of Savoy. The sovereign had received from the last dukes of the eldest branch that unrecognized inclination towards the soaring observant congregation of the Austin Friars of Lombardia, which joined the Renaissance and provided the claustral scheme of Brou. Margaret’s main idée was the search of the Renaissance she had discovered through the Duomo San Giovanni of Torino. Against the incorrect readings of the XIXth century, she was not inspired by Champmol. She entrusted the graves and the church of Brou to the Italianizing French artist Perréal, and only practical impediments prompted her to sign on van Boghem at the end of 1512. His brabantine Gothic’s practice and circle accorded to the Spanish tropism of the burgundian court but around 1524-1525, the arrival of the Renaissance in the Netherlands allowed him to bring mannerist accents. The iconology of Brou reveals its soteriological aim. It magnifies the duke’s devotion and at a second rank, the one of Margaret’s house, but also the duties of the regnum that Philibert and his widow both practiced in different countries. Their acme is the ministry of Justice whose reference is the Christ of the Last Judgment, which once figured on the lost northern glass window of the transept. Margaret signed the work: ruled by a will of compassion and exchange, it induced anyone both to the conversion for one’s own salvation, to intercede for the princes, and to remind through ages the memory of the archduchess, whose exceptional imperial birth had involved her unique life and memorial
Planchette, Yoanna. "La chapelle cimétériale de Bačkovo (Bulgarie) et la question des églises sépulcrales dans le monde byzantin médiéval." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100174.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the cemetery chapel of the Bačkovo monastery considered in the context of the sepulchral buildings of the Byzantine medieval world. Among the rare monuments of this architectural type, it stands out by its decoration dating from the middle byzantine period. Conserving some exceptional iconographic topics, its importance ensues also from the perfect coherence between decoration, function and ritual. With reference to a selection of byzantine typika, completed by liturgical sources, I try to clarify the context of foundation of the Bačkovo cemetery chapel and to reassess its place in the monastic life of yesteryear. The purpose of this investigation is also to reconsider the architectural classification of this building which has been refered to as the “églises sépulcrales bulgares” for a long time as mentioned by André Grabar. Furthermore I offer a detailed iconographic study of its entire fresco programme focusing especially on the representations with strong eschatological connotation, examined in the light of the functional particularities of the edifice, related to the celebration of funeral and commemoration services. In addition I give a comparative analysis of the monument following the iconographic programmes of the most significant sepulchral monuments from the middle and late byzantine period. The contribution of this thesis thus consists in the recontextualization of the Bačkovo cemetery chapel in terms of architecture, iconography and liturgy
Ribolet, Mathieu. "La décoration architectonique des monuments édens, lignons et sénons, du règne d'Antonin à celui des Sévères." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH032.
Full textThe development of monumental stone architecture was part of the most telling clues about roman culture entering in Gaul, after Cesar’s conquest. Short while after the Principate started, new buildings covered with ornamental sculpture created a new architectural landscape in the territories that thus formed the roman Gauls. Even though architectonic ornaments had no precedent in the Iron Age, their spread quickly became very important. Ornaments thus started to evolve, taking monuments from Rome itself as first models ; for example the temple of Mars Ultor.Several authors have already written papers about the evolution of architectonic ornaments in the Imperial Rome, in particular for the Ist century AD. However, publications about the Provinces of the Empire are scarcer, especially regarding north of Gauls and Germanies. This observation is even more obvious for later periods such as the second half of the IInd and the IIIrd century A.D.My thesis belongs to a serie of recent works about « late » architectonic ornaments in roman Gauls and Germanies (about collections such as those of Genainville, Champlieu, Neumagen, Bordeaux, Pont-sainte-Maxence). It focus on a period from the years 130 to the years 230 AD (approximately from the reign of Antoninus to this of Alexander Severus). From a corpus gathered over three civitates (Aedui, Lingones, Senones), my work tries to define which ornaments were employed on the components of architectural orders (basis, columns, capitals, architrave, friezes, cornices), to understand how they were allocated, and to highlight how they evolved over decades. Ornamental repertory is also an important point : it allows to question about evolution mechanisms, patterns diffusion and other reasons that made handcrafters change their carving techniques. To finish, studying architectonic pieces provide possibilities of reconstructing monuments, so as to have a idea of what was building activity like in the three studied civitates
Açikyildiz, Birgül. "Patrimoine des Yézidis : architecture et "sculptures funéraires"" au Kurdistan irakien, en Turquie et en Arménie." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010595.
Full textMarchegay, Sophie. "Les tombes d'Ougarit : architecture, localisation et relation avec l'habitat." Lyon 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO20038.
Full textCirier, Anne. "Le décor architectural des stèles funéraires gallo-romaines dans la région Centre de la France." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010657.
Full textLabbé, Thérèse. "Le cimetière Belmont : témoin d'un art et d'une culture funéraires." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33706.
Full textMontréal Trigonix inc. 2018
Deschênes, Maude. "Ornement signifiant : la microarchitecture sur les dalles funéraires de la collection Gaignières (XIIe-XVe siècles)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28247.
Full textGrimaud, Valentin. "Réexplorer et valoriser les architectures funéraires monumentales du néolithiques de l'Ouest de la France : étude du cairn de Gavrinis." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT3020.
Full textNeolithic funerary architectures from western France, whose epicenter of this phenomenon is the Carnac region, have a high density and a very important consistency. From this period, tombs are the obvious remains that have survived. Since their recognition during the 18th and 19th and despite the research that followed, many uncertainties remain about their architecture. Three of the most important passage graves where excavated during the 1980s and 1990s (Petit Mont at Arzon, Gavrinis at Larmor-Baden and la Table des Marchands at Locmariaquer), but the image proposed after the restoration of these architecture is now debatable. The aim of this research is to re-explore the architecture of one of these monuments, Gavrinis, from all archives produced since its discovery and the remains themselves. For this, it is firstly necessary to reconstruct the history of the monument and its different parts, and secondly to establish protocols adapted to the tools we have today and to the characteristics of these funerary architectures. The 3D digitization tools allow today to grab a significant amount of information, from rock art detail to the whole site. Thanks to the heuristic nature of digital models, the architectural restitution hypothesis can be validated or inconsistencies uncovered more easily. If necessary, lines of inquiry are open to solve these problems
Mkacher, Anis. "Les représentations animales à travers les mosaïques de pavements et funéraires, dans un édifice chrétien en Afrique tardive : inventaire et interprétation." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040061.
Full textThis work consists in the study of animal representations on pavement and funerary mosaics made in North Africa during the Late Antiquity. More precisely, the geographical area is located between the North-West of modern Libya and the North-West of modern Algeria. This work is divided into three parts: the first one is dedicated to the inventory of monuments and mosaics, the second one to the interpretation of the material and the last one to the plates. The first part is the catalogue of all the monuments where one or several mosaics with an animal depiction have been found. These buildings mostly are churches or church annexes, especially baptisteries; we must add the category of cemetery-churches with funerary pavements on the floor. The second part is divided into three chapters: the first one develops a typology of the animals and of the mosaics, the second one is dedicated to the symbolism and the use of animals, and the third one studies the decoration and the place of each mosaic in the building. The last part presents plates with all the illustrations of mosaics we could find and the plans of the buildings. The introduction aims at contextualizing the historical and geographical background, particularly by describing the historiography of the topic. In the conclusion we sum up the main ideas and give some new perspectives of study for the future
Bec, Drelon Noisette. "Autour du coffre : dispositifs et aménagements des monuments funéraires mégalithiques en Languedoc et en Roussillon (IVe/IIe millénaires)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3143/document.
Full textAfter two years of studies on Languedoc-Roussillon’s dolmens, our research is directed towards the recognition of tumuli which enclose the megalithic burial chambers. How are they built, with what materials and how? What are their functions? Can we identify a typology, differences / similarities geographical and/or cultural? Can we identify their chronological evolution through architectural dynamics? Beyond the recognition of the tumulus, it is also to investigate the periphery of these monuments, their location in the landscape and in the humanized space. The few scientific information usable on these structures involves the realization of new excavations with an appropriate methodology. The overall geographical framework of this research is the western Mediterranean basin with several specific study windows cutting across large areas of concentration of the megalithic phenomenon: the eastern Pyrenees, the Herault Garrigues, the Salagou basin, the southern edge of the Grands-Causses. Eight dolmens were excavated in the specific context of this work. We propose a model of understanding of sites of this type, from the choice of their location until their abandonment via their construction and development. This new informations allow to consider the multiple functions that these monuments have had for the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age societies
Guiga, Mohamed. "L'Evolution de l'écriture arabe de style koufique à Kairouan du 9ème au 11ème siècle de J. C. (stèles funéraires, manuscrits coraniques et architecture religieuse "mosquées")." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010615.
Full textIt is study of arabic tanscription of koufic type based upon a comparative approach of two kinds of support : a rigid support such as marble or the stone of funerary steles and items of architecture, and a souple one such as the parchement of the manuscripts. We have tried to bring out the variants from one support to another, to define a relationship between the support, the technique, the tool, the transcription and the transcriber and finally to study the way the transcriber and the carver use the space devolved to them. The framework of this study is the city of kairouan in the time of its splendour. In fact, kairouan was the capital of ifriqiya (actual tunisia) and a center of cultural, religious, economic and political activity from the third to the fifth centuries heg ninth to eleventh centuries a. C. This study has been entirely led in kairouan. The choise of the documents which constitute the corpus of analysis was made there
Degremont, Audrey. "Croyances funéraires et pratiques du mythe en Egypte ancienne: étude du programme décoratif (texte, image et architecture) de six tombes thébaines privées de l'époque préamarnienne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209084.
Full textBien que les idées de l’époque amarnienne aient été longtemps considérées comme innovantes et révolutionnaires, des études récentes ont montré que les règnes précédents (Thoutmosis IV et Amenhotep III) ont davantage servi comme terreau de ces nouvelles conceptions. Or, malgré l’importance de ces deux règnes, les tombes privées de cette époque n’ont reçu que peu d’attention.
Notre recherche portera donc sur les tombes datant des règnes de Thoutmosis IV et Amenhotep III et sera réalisée dans une optique d’anthropologie religieuse afin d’analyser les croyances et les pratiques religieuses transparaissant dans le programme iconographique et textuel ainsi que dans l’agencement architectural. Nous souhaitons ainsi montrer comment ces divers moyens d’expression sont combinés pour produire une signification.
Notre étude permettrait donc de mettre en évidence les éléments distinctifs des tombes de l’époque Thoutmosis IV-Amenhotep III (qui forment la transition entre les tombes du début de la 18ème dynastie et celles de l’époque ramesside) et d'expliquer, grâce à l'étude des pratiques du mythe mises en oeuvre dans ces monuments, l’évolution des conceptions religieuses sous ces deux règnes, en faisant sortir l’étude des mythes du cadre strictement narratif qui lui est généralement donné en égyptologie. C’est donc en tant que discours complexe sur une réalité complexe, selon les termes de L. Couloubaritsis, que nous approcherons ces tombes en mettant en dialectique l’espace, l’écrit et l’image.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Barrau-Agudo, Caroline de. "Notre-Dame de Rodez : architecture et sculpture (13°- 16° siècle) : nouvelles recherches sur l'histoire artistique d'une cathédrale." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20048.
Full textBuilding work started on the Gothic cathedral of Rodez (in the Midi-Pyrénées, département of the Aveyron) in 1277 and it was finally finished in the sixteenth century. The chronology of its construction is well documented and has been studied since the nineteenth century onwards. Neverthelesss, a careful rereading of the monument has been undertaken in order to check, update, and if necessary correct the received facts. This monographic study has taken a pluridisciplinary approach calling on a renewed methodology. The sculpture and architecture of both medieval and modern building stages have been studied from the angle of archaeology (architectural analysis, study of the building, an excavation campaign), from study of archival resources (both local and national collections, and from the medieval period up to the present day), and from a historic and stylistic study. The aim has been to formulate new observations on the artistic history of the monument. Volume I (text) contains three chapters. The first chapter allows one to place the building in its historic context: presentation of the town, history and chronology of the site and of earlier buildings upon it, modern history (the Reformation period, the Ancien Régime, the Revolution period), and recent restoration work on the building. The second chapter presents a chronological and stylistic rereading of the building from the thirteenth to the sixteenth century; architectural and sculptural characteristics are brought into prominence, as is the history of the various stages of construction, all this based upon new data. The third chapter presents in a totally new manner the funerary topography of the cathedral, considering all the statuary production in relation to this theme. Volume II of this thesis contains a list of sources, the bibliography, and the appendices. Volume III contains a catalogue of works, and Volume IV contains the illustrations
Vaquero, Lastres Jacobo. "Les extrêmes distincts : la configuration de l'espace dans les sociétés ayant bâti des tertres funéraires dans le nord-ouest ibérique." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010686.
Full textAll collective spatial manifestation of a process or a estate is realised under a spatial conception, formal and unconscious, that must be interpreted like an attribute of a collective think. The megalithic constructions, like a reference of one only architectonic aspect, are a special kind of manifestation present around the time and the space; his investigation will do possible the validation of this hypothesis. The tomb's form and his location in a landscape must show us the same kind of formal references that let us develop a model about an abstraction of the essential of this fundaments, and her associated representation. In NW Iberia, a certain degree of the knowledge about this type of this funerary prehistoric buildings (group of constructions with a mound appearance often called megalithic) favour the application, the illustration and the authentication of this theory. The similar appearance of the tumular constructions allow the determination of the different tendencies of disposition in their environment. When the different concepts hides under the distinct emplacements are identified, it's possible anticipate the architectural design of each style. The result will be a matrix that, making a correspondence between the structures and the environments, can be the reflex at least of two thought's extremes, completely different in the builder societies of the tumular forms. The archeographical consequence more important will be the elaboration of a model outside the classic typological orders utilised in the prehistoric synthesis of the NW. This new model allow to break the wrong unity solidify in this context and open a door for an introduction of the galician mounds in the standards orders archeographical in Europe
Semat, Aude. "L’image de la tombe en Égypte ancienne. Histoire iconographique d’un motif (XVIIIe – XXIIe dynasties)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040043.
Full textThe study examines the representation of architecture in painting (or architectura picta) in ancient Egypt, through a case study of the tomb as an iconographical motif during the New Kingdom and the early Third Intermediate Period.After an overview of the principles of Egyptian representation and the architectural images in ancient Egypt, in all their diversity, the study focuses on the iconographical evocation of the necropolis and the tomb’s surroundings. An important part of this study concerns the mountain as an object of representation and in particular, its origins during the XVIIIth Dynasty, as well as dealing with landscape depictions in ancient Egypt.The funerary architecture is put in painting during the XVIIIth Dynasty, within depictions of funerary rites in private tombs. If the first tomb depictions refer to sacred architecture, according to representational conventions ; they show realistic elements in the course of the XVIIIth Dynasty, being modeled after the tomb architecture as it is during the New Kingdom, which is to say a pyramid-topped tomb. This tomb motif is integrated into the Egyptian iconographical repertoire and remains on coffins and funerary papyri, after the pyramid tomb itself disappeared from architecture in the Third Intermediate Period.The underlying question in this study is the relation to reality in Egyptian painting, but also the function of the tomb image
Dermech, Sarah. "L'utilisation des couleurs au Proche-Orient néolithique et chalcolitique (env. 12000 - 3000 av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG027.
Full textThis study focuses on the use of colors during the last stages of prehistory in the Near East, encompassing the Northern and Southern Levant, the Upper Tigris and Euphrates valleys and Mesopotamia, from the end of the Epipalaeolithic to the end of the Chalcolithic (ca. 12000-3000 cal. BC).This long period witnessed technical innovations and unprecedented social evolutions : sedentarization, development of agriculture and herding, invention of pottery and urbanization. Our aim was to explore how these different cultures have implemented colors in their architecture and their burials. What are these societies’ relationships to colored materials, local or imported ? How the use of colours changes ? What does it tell us about these societies ? Can we -and how- correlate them with technical and social developments specific to each culture ? Is it possible to recognize systems and dynamics at different scales – site, region, culture – and over the long term ? Data have been synthetized according a diachronic approach and put into perspective over several millennia. They show a dynamic use of colors, varying according to periods and geographical areas, and bring a new light to the understanding of these societies at the end of prehistory in the Near East
Kodas, Ergul. "Le « Culte du Crâne », dans son contexte architectural et stratigraphique, au Néolithique au Proche-Orient." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010635.
Full textIn Neolithic Middle East, Decorated or isolated et plastered skull and acephalous skeleton we found in archaeological sets, very diverse and distinct in their contexts. Interest in cranium procurement is old and still strong in the scientific community. For a prehistorian it is, beyond ail contemporary challenges of our society, the key to access a world of beliefs, which give lives to Neolithic communities, often known for their cranium worship, which relates to their ancestors. The renewal of studies and recent discoveries implies to analyse previous data, with a focal on the definitions of contexts based upon excavating notebooks. Here, especially recent studies conducted in the 21th century's first decade in Syria, Israel and Turkey have brought new data by analysing those practices by using archaeological and anthropological modems methods. The main angle of this study, which consists in the analysis of archaeological contexts and of cranium procurement technics, is a crucial element for the understanding of this phenomenon. It is the link between the archaeological context and the anthropological data, underdeveloped in the literature, that is the main approach of this study. Only a global approach will allow to develops hypothetical solutions to the understanding of the "cult of the skull" (craniums worship). We estimate that skulls procurement (isolated or plastered skulls and others) are deeply linked to system characterised as social complexity in the Neolithic. However the link between this phenomenon and social identity or social status remains to be assessed through furthers studies. Indeed, the processing human remains and procured skulls can certainly reveal social organisation and stratification of Middle-east Neolithic communities. In other words, mortuary customs and their variation are an absolute clue to construction of social identifies as sociopolitical and socioeconomical status of an individual or of a group of Neolithic societies. More than constituting only social structures' markers, skulls procurement, their process through plastering or the addition of paintings or other elements, and their masking, also represent markers of chronological and regional differences that should guide our futures studies
Porqueddu, Marie-Elise. "Bâtir sous terre : architectures et techniques des sépultures collectives hypogées de Méditerranée occidentale à la fin de la Préhistoire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0347/document.
Full textAt the end of Prehistory in the Western Mediterranean, the rock-cut tombs are a privileged type of architecture. The understanding of the hypogea’s digging process is essential In order to determine which techniques and strategies come into play in the establishment of these structures. In the context of a PhD research work, a method has been developed on the subject. It is presented in three lines of reflection: the technological study of digging macro-tools, the analysis of the traces which are present on the walls of hypogea using photogrammetry, and an experimentation to confirm or refute the assumptions made during the first two axes of the study. These three axes were developed in different contexts, the monumental context of Fontvieille, located in the geographical area of the Bouches-du-Rhône administrative department in France and the necropolis of S'Elighe Entosu in Sardinia, Italy. These two fieldworks allows us to study the different characteristics of the hypogea. The comparison between the various contexts selected in the western Mediterranean allows us to glimpse the differences and similarities present in the digging process chains and the choices made by the different human groups. Beyond the knowledge of the techniques used for the digging of these architectures, this study also makes it possible to question the role of these in the community by the investment that their establishment generates
Badawi, Masaoud. "Jablé (Syrie) et son territoire à l'époque hellénistique et romaine : développement urbain et culture matérielle." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010535.
Full textOjeda, Ledesma Gonzalo Lautaro. "Les animitas du Chili ou l'espace public de la ville contemporaine confronté à des croyances ancestrales conduisant à l'édification spontanée d'édifices pérennes." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863869.
Full textDíaz, Arriola Luisa Esther. "Le territoire Ychsma et ses différences culturelles pendant l'intermédiaire récent sur la côte centrale péruvienne." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010520.
Full textLaunay, Pauline. "La fabrique de la fin de vie : ethnographie d'une Unité de Soins Palliatifs." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC028.
Full textHospital end of life care becomes an object of concern since the 1970’s, in the context of major transformations of the medical field. Institutionalised in 1986, palliative medicine intends to address this concern, by developing care that offers a holistic approach, taking into account different aspects of the suffering (physical, social, psychological and spiritual) of end of life patients and their relatives. Such a global approach to care modifies work organization. It places the temporality of the pathological phenomena over their spatiality, thus questioning medical epistemology as a whole. This research focuses on Palliative Care Units, exclusively dedicated to patients whose curative treatments have been stopped. It is based on a qualitative inquiry within one of these Units. First aimed at making the professionals’ voices heard, it conveys their wish to reverse the stigma attached to their activity. This ethnographic work focuses in particular on the analysis of the spatial and material dimension of social relations. Palliative care units are conceived to fight the “taboo of death”. Thus, they announce the upcoming death as they materialise the progression of time through the organisation of space. This materialisation occurs also through the bodies, as the patient’s body becomes the location upon which relationships and identities are structured. Studying the function of Palliative Care Units thus allows to question contemporary rituality. Because of its liminal position, the corpse crystallises ambivalent desires of control and disengagement. The work of paramedical caregivers, from the agony to the post mortem exhibition, is in that aspect especially revealing. Through the analysis of caregivers’ practices, this work shows an anthropological resistance, despite the major sociological changes surrounding end of life such as the transformations of the institutional logics and of the division of labour
Pape, Eléonore. "A shared ideology of death ? : the architectural elements and the uses of the Late Neolithic gallery graves of western Germany and the Paris Basin." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100171.
Full textAmidst the pan-European phenomenon of the rise of numerous collective burials in the second half of the 4th millennium BC appear so-called gallery graves in two distinct regions, notably in Hessia and Westphalia, in the Paris Basin, and in scarce numbers also in Belgium and the Netherlands. These collective burial vaults of diverse construction materials and of rectangular shape are organised in a short antechamber reserved to the deposit of collective grave good assemblages and in a long chamber sheltering numerous deceased individuals, which were deposited successively. The similarities of the structures of both main study regions in terms of architecture were already noted since the 20th century and the nature of the ties binding latter have since then been interrogated in the line of diffusionist approaches. The resulting presumptions of the direction of unilinear diffusionist processes changed according to the progress of dating methods and processing of radiocarbon samples. With the present research work, the issue was revived anew, and this time via a twofold comparative analysis: A first, empirical comparative analysis is destined to check at what level the collective structures correspond to a structural stereotype and to inform us in terms of potentially regional variations. A second, qualitative comparison included three Galeriegräber and six allées sépulcrales in order to determine to what degree their uses conferred or differed according to distinct architectural and regional features. The resulting observations are finally argued jointly concerning to what extent we finally can consider them the remains of a shared ideology of death
Lhuillier, Johanna. "Le phénomène des " cultures à céramique modelée peinte " en Asie centrale dans l'évolution et la transformation des sociétés de la fin de l'âge du Bronze et du début de l'âge du Fer (IIe-Ier millénaire avant n.è.). Une synthèse comparative et régionale de la culture matérielle." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769340.
Full textMarinov, Ivan. "Les monuments funéraires thraces : catalogue raisonné et analyse architecturale." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8247.
Full textMarinov, Ivan. "Les monuments "funéraires" thraces : une crise d'identité." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10800.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the identity of the tumular monuments designated as “Thracian”, discovered in the territory of present day Bulgaria and dated between the 5th and the 3rd centuries B.C. These monuments, built in ashlar masonry or in unprocessed stones, or a mix of different materials and building techniques, were invariably covered by earthen mounds (called tumuli) which have been used to varied ends by local populations from Antiquity until the present day. More or less detailed studies of these tumular monuments began to appear by the end of the 19th century, while the list of newly discovered structures continues to grow almost exponentially. These publications and discoveries revealed that the sample of known Thracian monuments is characterised by what has been described as a great variety of architectural forms. Overwhelmed by this apparent variety, and in an attempt to explain it, certain researchers have tried to categorise what they have perceived as different types of monuments. Many hypotheses bearing on the function of the latter have also been proposed, although they differ only in the details and can be categorised in two main groups: that arguing for a funerary function of the monuments, and that arguing for a cultual one. Through the years, a heated debate has developed between researchers adhering to one or to the other of these hypotheses – discussion which has been fueled by a constant discovery of new monuments. It is thus surprising to note that neither the hypothesis pertaining to the possible origins of these buildings, nor those attempting to explain their functions, have been based on tangible data – a situation which has resulted in the attribution to the monuments of dubious labels such as “tombs-temples-mausoleums-heroons”. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the hypotheses pertaining to the functions and, in more general terms, the identity of the Thracian tumular monuments. Its main objective is to explain the problems that these hypotheses have helped to identify, and which, ironically, they have contributed to sustain. It is noted that, despite the lack of precision in the accumulated empirical data relating to the Thracian monuments, most, if not all, researchers working in the field have tended to sink into an excessive positivism. This approach resulted in the implicit or explicit expression of the belief that that the inclusion of the maximum quantity of empirical data in a given analysis will necessarily result in a more complete understanding of a given archaeological context, which can then be inserted in a previously elaborated historical context, so as to paint a clearer picture of the past. Contrary to this tendency, and because of the lack of precise data, the present research focuses first, and foremost, on the publications bearing on the Thracian monuments and proposes a theoretically informed approach of the study of the latter. As described in Part I, this approach is based on current discussions concerning the methods and techniques of analysis in the fields of archaeology, anthropology and history, which have developed around similar circumstances defined by “incomplete” empirical data. The different hypotheses relating to the identity (or function) of the Thracian monuments have been based on specific archaeological elements (mainly of architectural nature), which are described and analysed in the second part of the thesis. The different interpretations of the Thracian monuments are then examined in the light of these analyses. Finally, in Part III of this thesis, the identities attributed to the Thracian monuments are scrutinised on the basis of these analyses and a restitution of the practices related to these monuments is proposed. The approach to the study of the Thracian tumular monuments that has been adopted in this thesis takes into account not only the methodological aspect of the research published by specialists in the field, but also the data on which the different hypotheses relating to these monuments have been based. Particular attention has been drawn to two aspects present in all publications on the subject: the “technical” and “theoretical” vocabulary implicitly or explicitly employed by the authors and the manner in which it affects their perception of the identity of the Thracian monuments. Part III analyzes and underlines the outcome of the different uses of the implicitly or explicitly defined vocabularies employed by thracologists, leading to a comparison between the already published perceptions of the identity of the Thracian monuments and the reconstitution of their function proposed by the author of this thesis. This comparison, as well as the application of the methodology presented in Part I, show that the restitution of the monuments as having had a funerary function is the most parsimonious and better founded in the material record than the cultual function for which some have argued. However, the function of the monuments, as reconstituted by the author of this thesis, differs from most of the “funerary” explanations of the monuments published to date – these tend to venture far beyond the inductions permitted by the available data. Furthermore, this (or any other) restitution of the monuments’ function as funerary does not automatically exclude the possibility of them having been used as cultual places/buildings. Despite the apparent similarity between such an argument with those that have been emitted towards the identification of the Thracian monuments as “temple-tombs”, the author expresses the opinion that the use of such labels is dubious and allows for unfounded critique and ineffectual comparisons between the classical Greek idea of the “temple” and Thracian cultual places. The result of the analysis of the different elements pertaining to the reconstitution of the Thracian monuments’ identity have led to the following conclusions: 1) none of the already published hypotheses arguing for a funerary or for a cultual explanation of the monuments can be validated because of the excessive recourse by their authors to extrapolations lacking proper argumentation; 2) the lack of precise data or, more importantly, of precisely excavated and reconstituted archaeological contexts, prohibits the elaboration of complex hypotheses such as those proposed by specialists in the field; 3) nevertheless, the current state of knowledge regarding the material culture related to the Thracian monuments, and the rigorous application of a methodical analysis of the data show that a reconciliation between the “funerary” and the “cultual” identities of the monuments is possible – however, this fact should not be perceived as a justification of the use of labels similar to “temple-tombs”, nor of the conclusions upon which such labels are based; 4) there is an urgent necessity for a re-definition of the methodological approaches used (or the lack thereof) in the theoretical analyses of the Thracian monuments, as well as those employed on the field, during excavations. A failure to take account of these facts and shortcomings by proceeding with such a re-definition would mean that the identity of the Thracian tumular monuments would remain a matter of opinion and could even be transformed into a matter of dogma. The analyses in this thesis can serve as a base for the re-evaluation of the identity of the Thracian monuments because of their theoretical and methodological soundness. However, such a re-evaluation must also be based on a reconstitution of Thracian ritual practices based on the archaeological record. Paradoxically, despite the impressive amount of publication on the subject of the Thracian tumular monuments as places of cultual practices, a systematic reconstitution of Thracian ritual based on Thracian material culture is yet to be proposed.