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1
Sasi, Ashwini. "Redefining: Cultural Impression in Princely States During Colonial Period." Resourceedings 1, no. 2 (November 27, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/resourceedings.v1i2.325.
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India is well diverse with a variety of cultural and traditional practices. Impact of age-old practices redefined the idea of culture and tradition, not only as a hereditary system, but also as part of art and architecture. Factors such as the cultural changes between North and South India, impact of the British, changes in spatial organization and patriarchy and matrilineal system drew an impact on cultural impression of India through time.
Palaces (04th —18th century) and the lifestyle of the heirs, being a soul example to exhibit the Indian uniqueness, gradually inclined towards British culture and morals. This influence brought a change in the architectural design of palaces, which is the core study area in the thesis.
Comparing the architectural planning of palaces from the 13th to the 18th century showed a clear change on how British influenced Indian palace design. This became one of the finest reasons to identify cities with palaces based on their culture and tradition, and on art and architecture. In addition to finding how it has brought the influential change and what is the present scenario of the same palaces.
The architectures that were adopted in India was a form of true traditional architecture which is been followed through a very long time and hence it was collaborated with Italian, French, Indo Sarcenic or European style.
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Patel, Neelam. "The Impact of Architecture Embellishment on Traditional Motifs: A Study." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 1766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48300.
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Abstract: This research is descriptive in nature and data collection source are from internet, books and field visits. The reason of this paper is to understand the relationship between the inspiration and impact of architecture and cultural incorporation in the back of the conventional motifs of India. Retaining this reality in mind, researcher attempted to discover the connection between ‘fashion’ and ‘structure,’ that could function style detail for designers. India has a vast history of crafts and textiles. There are huge variations of surface ornamentation techniques and diverse range of motifs as well, but the point is how the artisans got inspired for motifs and patterns embellished on textiles. Motifs are one of the prominent examples of this fusion where one can feel the essence of two different art. The foreign invasion, when both the architectural design and silhouette endured a significant transformation, is when the influence can be found. Many non-indigenous designs were incorporated with the classic Indian motifs as a result of the expansion of trade routes between and within the Indian subcontinent. Indo-Islamic architecture also had an impact on Rajput and Sikh architectural forms. The Mughal, European, British, and Indian art influences are still clearly visible in the architecture and motifs. Motifs inspirations for garments are influenced from the carved motifs in architectures with few changes. Due to the diverse culture these motifs are applied with diverse changes in many regions of India. For example, the paisley design, which has Persian roots and is prominently featured in Mugal architecture, is adopted in numerous cultures with subtle modifications
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Chhabra, Dr Pankaj. "MODERN ARCHITECTURE IN POST INDEPENDENCE INDIA." IDC International Journal 11, no. 2 (April 15, 2024): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47211/idcij.2024.v11i02.006.
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In the pre-independence era of India, during 1930s & 1940s, the architecture of the country was oscillating between the revivalist and rationalist extremes of architectural style. So much so that the architectural firms run by British architects were favouring modified classicism, which could be seen in the form of international modernism as architectural style in their work. At the same point in time, the propagators of nationalist movement had thrown their weight behind revivalism and their wish was fulfilled by Sris Chandra Chatterjee by defining it as ‘The Modern Indian architectural movement’ in the form of Lakshami Narayan (Birla) Temple (1938), which was full of revivalist ideas. After independence, it was the wish of political masters to project the nation as a progressive one in front of the world. Hence, they chose architecture as a tool. It was difficult to do so with existing architectural firms in the country, as their architecture was amalgamation of their conservative outlook of the 1930s and images of modern buildings. Though some departure from conservative outlook was attained by foreign trained Indian architects like A.P. Kanvinde, Habib Rahman, Gautam & Gira Sarabhai, impetus to it was given by political patronage to the rationalist theory in architecture by the then Prime Minister, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru. Hence, foreign masters of modern architecture were invited to create edifices of modern architecture on Indian soil, for the world to see a progressive nation in the making. This study describes the architectural work of one of the pioneer masters of modern architecture, Le-Corbusier.
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Saquib, Mohammad, and Asif Ali. "PERSIAN ARCHITECTURE: A SOURCE OF INSPIRATION FOR MUGHAL IMPERIAL MOSQUES IN NORTH INDIA." Journal of Islamic Architecture 7, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i4.21013.
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India and Persia have had a strong socio-cultural relationship since the ancient period. There had been a cultural link between the two countries. Indo-Persian cultural amalgamation had increased with the advent of Islam in the Indian subcontinent. The syncretism of these two cultures influenced all aspects of life, including literature, art and architecture. This paper discusses the influence of Persian architecture on Mughal imperial mosques in North India. A review of literature from various scholars on possible influencing factors is presented, accompanied by an observation-based analysis of the architectural features of Persian mosques. Subsequently, the paper identifies and examines various Persian architectural elements existing in Mughal mosques in India. The results indicate that Persian architecture significantly influenced Mughal mosques in North India and using locally available materials made these mosques unique in their architectural styles.
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Nasution, Diandra Fakhira, and Muhammad Fathur Rahman. "Balkrishna Doshi’s Contribution to the Development of Contemporary Architecture in India." Jurnal Koridor 14, no. 1 (June 27, 2023): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/koridor.v14i1.11113.
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Balkrishna Doshi has more than 70 years as an architect contributing to hundreds of projects with the architectural firm he founded, Vāstu Shilpā Consultants, ranging from institutes, residences, art galleries, public spaces, and more. Doshi has also played a leading role as an educator, particularly in India. He founded the Vāstu Shilpā Foundation for Studies and Research in Environmental Design and the School of Architecture and Planning in Ahmedabad. With an understanding and appreciation of deep traditions in Indian character and architecture that he understood from childhood, regardless of local prefabrication and crafts, and developing a vocabulary that is in harmony with the history, culture, local traditions, and changing times in contemporary vernacular architecture in his home country, India.
Keywords: Balkrishna Doshi, Contemporary Vernacular Architecture, Low-Cost Housing, India.
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Anuradha, V. "18TH CENTURY URBANIZATION IN SOUTH INDIA AND TRANSFORMATION INTO BRITISH IMPERIAL ARCHITECTURE WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON URBAN SPACES OF BANGALORE." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 10, no. 1 (October 25, 2017): 1995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v10i1.6600.
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The colonial structures that still stand today in India are the product of careful fabrication of British thought. The British government was afraid of what kind of legacy they would leave behind when exiting India in 1947. Today, years after the independence of India, one is still able to see such a legacy in stone: the colonial architecture and cities that are still in existence. The styles of architecture employed by the British Raj were systematically chosen, dependent on the location and utilization of a given city. The British were trying to consecrate their power through architectural representation. Trying to legitimize British rule, architects wanted to tie the architecture of the British with former Indian rulers, yet still create an effect of British grandeur. The examples illustrate that location and utilization were indeed crucial determinants of colonial style.
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Sinha, Ajay J. "Architectural Invention in Sacred Structures: The Case of Vesara Temples of Southern India." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 55, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 382–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991180.
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The article explores the nature of architectural invention in Indian sacred structures by analyzing a group of eleventh-century sandstone temples in the Karnataka region of southern India. Identifying a variety of experiments in a closely related group, it refutes a commonly held scholarly assumption that Indian temples follow architectural norms ordained by India's religious traditions-an assumption fed by Western definitions of individuality and originality. These Karnataka temples demonstrate that their architects-while mostly unknown-fundamentally changed the formal as well as the conceptual basis of southern architecture they had inherited. Their formal choices, manipulating regional conventions as well as opening up their structures to include references from other regions, led to a new, consciously modern form of architecture whose modernity has been overlooked by scholars. Scholars have tended to call this new regional invention Vesara (Sanskrit "mule" or "hybrid"), defining it as a derivative style of temple created by mixing typical features of North Indian and South Indian architecture. The article traces the emergence of Vesara's conceptual logic in the eleventh century through architectural anomalies and daringly unprecedented play with the formal means of regional architecture, arguing that the makers of these temples exercised a level of inventiveness we have not been willing to credit them with so far.
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Jain, Ar Aditya. "Architecture & Life of Indore City -The Heart Of Modern India." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 06 (June 14, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem35839.
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Indore, nestled in the heart of Madhya Pradesh, India, epitomizes a harmonious blend of historical architectural marvels and contemporary urban landscapes. This paper embarks on a comprehensive journey through the architectural tapestry of Indore, unraveling its historical epochs, iconic edifices, and the intricate interplay between tradition and modernity in shaping its urban fabric. Employing a multidisciplinary lens encompassing historical narratives, urban design theories, and cultural discourses, this research endeavors to offer profound insights into the distinctive architectural character of Indore and its profound implications within the broader spectrum of Indian urbanism. Moreover, it illuminates the challenges impeding the preservation of Indore's architectural legacy while navigating the imperatives of sustainable urban development. Keywords: Indore, architecture, heritage, urban dynamics, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Koch, Ebba, and Catherine B. Asher. "Architecture of Mughal India." Journal of the American Oriental Society 114, no. 3 (July 1994): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605135.
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Sinha, Vandana. "Documentation of Indo-Islamic architecture built along a 16th-century highway." Art Libraries Journal 44, no. 3 (June 12, 2019): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/alj.2019.14.
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An internationally recognized presence in the documentation of Indic and South East Asian art and architecture, the Center for Art and Archaeology (CA&A) of the American Institute of Indian Studies (AIIS) conducted a documentation project in 2007 that explored an interesting range of built heritage arrayed along a 16th-century highway, the Agra – Lahore route, laid by the Mughal rulers of India. The stretch of the Agra – Lahore highway this project traced, crossed two north Indian states of independent India – Haryana and Punjab, and documented built heritage that survives on that road. The documentation revealed edifices unique to a travel environment including Caravansarai (rest house), Kos-Minars (distance markers), bridges, stepped-wells and Bagh (pleasure gardens) built under the patronage of Mughal elites. The project emphasized the importance of identifying the strands of cultural heritage and the processes of documenting them. A major aim of such documentation was to aid preservation of the monuments themselves by providing critical information for future decisions.
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Kumar, Vinod. "Art and Architecture: North India and South India." Studies in Art and Architecture 3, no. 2 (June 2024): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/saa.2024.06.27.
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The centuries between the eighth and the thirteenth stand out rather prominently from the point of view of the making of cultural traditions in India. The most arresting feature of these traditions is regionalism, which gets reflected in every sphere, whether it be the formation of political power or the development of arts or the transformations in languages and literature or even religious manifestations. In very general terms, the emergence of regional cultural units such as Andhra, Assam, Bengal, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, etc. was the outcome of significant material changes. The pace of agrarian changes and the developments in the non-agrarian sector were setting the tone of feudal socio-economic formation. The political structure was deeply affected by these developments. It should, not, therefore, surprise us if the cultural ethos too got permeated by similar strains. The Mudrarakshasa, a play written in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta and generally ascribed to the fifth century, speaks of different regions whose inhabitants differ in customs, clothing and language. The identity of some kind of sub-national groups is recognized by the Chinese pilgrim Hieun-Tsang who visited India in the first half of the seventh century and mentions several nationalities. The Kuvalayamala, a Jain text of the eighth century and largely concerned with western India, notes the existence of 18 major nationalities and describes the anthropological character of sixteen peoples, pointing out their psychological features and citing the examples of their language. The Brahma Vaivarta Purana, ascribed to the thirteenth century Bengal explicates deshabheda — differences based on regions/territories. This feature is reflected in art and architecture as well. We see the emergence of various regional traditions and it was during this time that different architectural languages such as Nagara, Dravida and Vesara matured. In this research article begin survey by looking at the various types of architectural styles and art traditions.
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Chandra, Shreya, and Ishwar Chandra Vidya Sagar. "Bamboo in Contemporary Architecture: Composite Climate in India." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 6 (June 5, 2024): 1166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24609111242.
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Singh, Ekta, and Devendra Pratap Singh. "Architectural profession in India: perception towards service marketing." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 15, no. 5 (October 9, 2017): 574–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-03-2017-0024.
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Purpose Spurred by the internationalization trend, many architectural professional bodies across the globe relaxed their norms related to the acceptance of promotion and marketing within the services. However, in India, the architectural services codes have not reflected any changes. This paper aims to focus on Indian architectural practice and attempts to investigate about the causes of low marketing activities within the practice in the country. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a primary research process of data collection through survey administration. Survey is conducted using a close-ended structured questionnaire based on Likert scale technique. The data are analysed using both descriptive and empirical research techniques mainly, factor analysis. The sample is defined using random clustering sampling technique, from the list of architects registered with the professional regulating body of India, i.e. the Council of Architecture. Findings The findings of the study are suggestive that architectural firms in India are instinctively practising marketing-related activities, to position their firm to attract clients without formally adopting them. There appears to be a silent routinization of the marketing tasks in the firms. The findings are suggestive of academic and professional ignorance as one of the barriers towards marketing. The findings advocate that recognizing the growing competitive nature of architectural practices in the country, the regulatory and institutional body, Council of Architecture, may retrospect their code of conduct. The results of the present study have a great implication on the architectural education in the country. The findings advocate that the architectural curriculum in the country should be broadened to include the basic knowledge about marketing. Research limitations/implications The present study opens a newer paradigm in the practice of architectural services. It highlights the growing linkages between the field of marketing and architecture. It opens a new area of research where linkages between interdisciplinary fields is an important aspect that needs researchers attention, to have a good model of survival for professional firms in a highly competitive environment. Practical implications The research findings have great implications for the architectural firms that seek to operate in the globally volatile environment. The increasing competitive nature of the architectural services in India demands a dynamic decision and procurement methods that can strategically position firms in the market. Marketing strategies have a significant role in positioning firms and increasing their client base. Originality/value The subject of architectural practice and its operation is an under-researched area. The present study makes a strong point for formal involvement of marketing strategies in the promotion of architectural firms in India. The paper attempts to bridge this gap, and the strength of the paper lies in the empirical nature of its investigation.
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Rajagopalan, Mrinalini. "Cosmopolitan Crossings:." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 77, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2018.77.2.168.
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Between 1805 and 1836, the wealthy dowager ruler Begum Samrū built two large mansions and a Catholic church in North India. In both the makeup of her court and the character of her architecture, the begum's choices reflected her cosmopolitanism. The bishop of her church was from Rome, her closest political allies were English, and her main advisers were Indian. Her architecture, similarly, combined neoclassical façades and Italianate porticoes with Islamic detailing such as muqarnas and Mughal pietra dura; Indian elements such as hammams (bathhouses) sat alongside European-style salons. In Cosmopolitan Crossings: The Architecture of Begum Samrū, Mrinalini Rajagopalan analyzes the begum's architecture as a form of strategic cosmopolitanism—a kind of sociopolitical cunning that allowed Begum Samrū to reimagine the dichotomies between masculine and feminine spaces, domestic and political realms, and European and Indian decor while combining local religiosity with global networks of piety. Indeed, architecture was a key mechanism through which the begum consolidated power in the fraught political climate of nineteenth-century India.
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Croker, Alan. "TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTH INDIA." Fabrications 4, no. 1 (June 1993): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10331867.1993.10525062.
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Chaudhuri, Sarit Kumar. "Tribal Architecture in Northeast India." International Journal of Environmental Studies 73, no. 4 (July 3, 2016): 673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2016.1199406.
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Basu, Sankarshan. "India emerging: New financial architecture." IIMB Management Review 28, no. 3 (September 2016): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2016.07.004.
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Basu, Sankarshan. "INDIA EMERGING: NEW FINANCIAL ARCHITECTURE." IIMB Management Review 28, no. 3 (September 2016): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2016.08.006.
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Kumar, Vinod. "Hindu Temple Architecture in India." Studies in Art and Architecture 3, no. 1 (March 2024): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/saa.2024.03.04.
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Religious edifices in India seems to have developed during the urban phase of Indus Sarasvati or Harappan civilization (3200-2600 BCE) and continuing afterwards, till the sixth century CE. The certain concepts of Gods and human beings have led to the emergence of temple as an architectural body. The relationship of Indus valley’s people with the God or gods can be surmised in conformity with the antiquarian remains discovered in archaeological excavations conducted at the sites of Indus Sarasvati Civilization during the several last decades.
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Thapa, Rena. "Rhythm in Architecture: an Aesthetic Appeal." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 13, no. 1 (June 22, 2018): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v13i1.20368.
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It is a discourse that exhibits the presence of rhythm in visual art, especially the architecture that holds strong aesthetic appeal. In this paper, the introduction part focuses on how rhythm generally reinforces aesthetic experiences in human sensory. Rhythm in architecture means recurrence of elements such as lines, shapes, forms or colors resulting on organized movement in space and time. I have taken the best analogy and examples of rhythm present in nature which has been formulated by scientist as Fibonacci number. I have tried to show architectures incorporating rhythm in different epoch of human civilization around the globe that have been popular and remarkable till the date. These architectural monuments have become aesthetic timeless entity, such as pyramids in Egypt, Parthenon in Greece, gothic architecture of medieval Europe, Tajmahal in India, Hindu temples and Buddha stupas in Nepal etc. Similarly modern architecture has been in equal focus in this article despite its unique and functional structures. The paper has been concluded with the strong statement that however the sense of beauty is shaped by cultural experience, rhythm is frequently desired with architectural compositions. These qualities are often universally admired and celebrated irrespective of time and place.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2017, 13(1): 206-214
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Ober, Douglas, and Padma Dorje Maitland. "Temple Architecture and Modern Hindu Appropriations of Buddhism." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 43, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-10375344.
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Abstract During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Buddhism became deeply embedded in an array of social and political debates taking place across India. The unique history of Buddhism in India and of its spread across Asia offered a model of ideological and cultural emancipation that was used not only to challenge colonial rule but also to further numerous anti-caste movements against existing Brahmanical institutions and practices. While the history of anti-caste and Dalit engagements with Buddhism has largely been studied through a discussion of the Indian constitutionalist B. R. Ambedkar's conversion to Buddhism along with some half million of his followers in 1956, this article addresses the ways in which Buddhism came to be simultaneously seen as a “Hindu sect” and central to Hindu nationalist projects. It does so through a detailed analysis of the planning and construction of several “Hindu-Buddhist” temples constructed in the 1930s by the Birla family that sought to construct a vision of India as a Hindu nation. A close examination of these sites reveals the wider dynamics underlining the transformation of modern Buddhism in India and, by extension, modern Hinduism.
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Gupta, Shweta, and Renjin Cherian. "Evolution of Landscape Architecture and Urban Design discourse in B.Arch. Schools, India." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 12 (December 1, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27558.
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Architectural Discourse in a typical B.Arch. program across architecture schools in India was dominated by the “Star Architect”, for the most part in post independence India. It probably continues to do so in many schools or is at least an inherent thinking block in the minds of most young architects. However there are many compartments that post independent India can be categorised into, depending on the location and associated growth pattern. The late 90s to 2000s heralded a construction boom in the country, importing many building prototypes mainly from the western world. Landscape Architecture and Urban Design were more peripheral in this context, being limited to historical studies and as a secondary context to the architectural built form. Landscape Architecture was seen through a decorative lens, to be considered post finishing the construction of a building, as an afterthought, as mere decoration. On the other hand Urban Design was not necessarily taught even as an elective in many schools. It was found buried under the aegis of town planning, in very introductory formats in B.Arch. schools. At best it found a place in master’s programs trying to imagine the future India but tied to history in its thinking. Economic growth and associated development became the focus, further blurring boundaries of development, planning and design. Amongst the major centers of architectural training, the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT), Ahmedabad and Sir J J College of Architecture, Mumbai and many other schools in Mumbai, a certain shift in this viewing lens started to occur post liberalisation in the 1990s. Growth fuelled urbanisation and urban sprawl forced the focus on these disciplines at the bachelors study level also. This paper brings forth observations in these changes and how the viewing lens and discourse of these two disciplines now informs architectural education, particularly outside these centres of excellence. Key Words: Discourse, architectural education, viewing lens
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Dalpati, Rachita. "A Study of Vernacular Architecture of Tamil Nadu." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (April 4, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30030.
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This research study examines the rich legacy of vernacular architecture in Tamil Nadu, India, with an emphasis on its historical relevance, architectural features, and sustainable practices. Tamil Nadu's vernacular architecture has a wide spectrum of forms, from major Dravidian temples to simple the village houses. These structures provide not just functional needs, but also represent the communities' cultural identity and religious values. Furthermore, vernacular architecture in Tamil Nadu is highly sensitive to the local environment, with buildings planned to maximize natural ventilation, lighting, and thermal comfort. Traditional building materials like lime, timber, and terracotta are supplied locally, reducing environmental effects, and encouraging sustainability. Focusing on historical documents and academic research this study investigates the cultural, socioeconomic, and environmental influences that have impacted Tamil Nadu's vernacular architecture throughout the centuries. It also examines the current relevance of traditional architectural techniques in the context of growing urbanization and industrialization, highlighting the importance of maintaining and incorporating indigenous knowledge into sustainable development initiatives. Through case studies and comparative research, the article emphasizes the adaptability of Tamil Nadu's vernacular architecture, as well as its potential contributions to modern architectural discourse and sustainable design practices. Keywords- Vernacular, architecture, climate responsiveness, sustainability, Tamil Nadu, South India, courtyard, Chettinad.
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Aby, Athulya. "Decolonisation of Architectural History Education in India." Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South 6, no. 3 (December 8, 2022): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v6i3.268.
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Architectural education in India is largely envisioned as a technical-vocational course, leading to humanities-related courses like history, to remain alienated from students as well as practitioners. History of Architecture is a core subject in Bachelor of Architecture as per regulatory guidelines, but the program level outcomes are often limited to stylistic study of standard sets of examples of monumental structures from the past. This trend can be traced back to the colonial episteme started during the British programme of instruction and is ingrained in the educational system. This study enquires into the current state of history education at the undergraduate level in architectural schools in India and examines the continuing impact of colonisation on our production of knowledge. This is done by analysing the content of the architectural history curricula of colleges in India and discussions with academic practitioners who have been teaching the subject in those institutions. Unpacking the curricula and their influences on teaching, brought out the perpetuation of colonial biases embedded in architectural history education. The study argues that a well-designed history curriculum has the potential to contextualise design education and create critically aware architects, and thus take a step towards decolonising the practice itself.
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Ulmasov, A. "TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES IN CENTRAL ASIAN AND INDIAN ARCHITECTURE." Builders Of The Future 02, no. 02 (May 1, 2022): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/builders-v2-i2-13.
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The article provides information about the originality and harmony in the architecture of Central Asia and India. This architectural transformation is approached in the example of the ornaments of Buddhist stupa.
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Herwindo, Rahadhian Prajudi. "Traces of Islamic Architecture in the Design of the 'Gedung Sate' in Bandung." Journal of Islamic Architecture 7, no. 3 (June 28, 2023): 476–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.16932.
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Gedung Sate was built to accommodate various architectural styles derived from local and foreign elements. The local elements have been widely studied, such as those relating to the architecture of the 'Candi' on the island of Java. Many external elements are associated with the Moorish European style and that of the Dutch. However, according to the elements, it also indicates the existence of Indian Islamic architecture, the Mughal style. This study of the Islamic elements of Mughal India has not been pursued or presented any further. This study aims to identify the traces of Islamic architecture in the Gedung Sate, especially those derived from the Mughal, Moorish and local styles. This research method used a qualitative approach by studying the morphology of Gedung Sate and Mughal or Moorish buildings to identify the relationship between their architectural elements. The results show that Gedung Sate does indeed show the use of Mughal architectural elements, especially in the outer layout and mass, processing of the figure section, and the ornamental exterior column, while the Moorish influence is more visible in the processing of curved elements and column heads and slender interior columns showing light elements. The idea of using Islamic architecture is carried out to represent the splendor in the typology of new buildings in the prospective capital city of the Netherlands Indies, namely Bandung. Indian architecture is used as a reference because it is considered to have a close relationship with Candi as an important resource in Java.
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Nanda, Biren. "India and Australia: Strategic Maritime Partners in the Indo-Pacific." Journal of Indian Ocean Studies 31, no. 2 (October 10, 2023): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32381/jios.2023.31.02.1.
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In this article the author analyses the strategic, security and maritime aspects of cooperation between India and Australia and describes how this relationship is underpinned by growing economic and people to people ties. It addresses a number of important questions including, what are the strategic drivers in the Australia-India Relationship? What are the areas of convergence in the strategic outlooks of the two countries? What are the areas of divergence in the strategic outlooks of the two countries? Why both countries must cooperate within the Regional Security Architecture. What are our doubts and reservations about each other? What common challenges are Australia and India likely to face in the future? How can we develop the Regional Security Architecture for the Indian Ocean region? What is the Evolving Asian Maritime Landscape in the Eastern Indian Ocean? How do we assess the development of India-Australia Defense and Security Ties? How has Civil Nuclear Cooperation consolidated the Strategic Ties between the two countries? What are the prospects for India-Australia Economic and People to People Ties? How does India look at Australia?
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Hub, Berthold. "Filarete and the East: The Renaissance of a Prisca Architectura." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 70, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2011.70.1.18.
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Filarete's Libro Architettonico, written in Milan between 1460 and 1464/66, calls for a rebirth of antiquity. This is conventionally interpreted as a appeal for the emulation of Roman (or Greek) architecture, but Berthold Hub shows that Filarete's designs have noticeable elements in common with the architecture of the Near and Far East. The Libro locates the ideal buildings it describes in "India" and repeatedly mentions Egypt as being the place of origin of all architecture and as the model to be imitated. Filarete and the East: The Renaissance of a Prisca Architectura provides evidence of Filarete's familiarity with the Orient and subjects his designs to detailed comparison with buildings from India and Turkey. The author argues that Filarete was aiming to revive a prisca architectura, analogous to the efforts of humanist contemporaries who were searching for ever-older and more venerable evidence of an original truth, a prisca theologia.
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KHORAKIWALA, Rahela. "Legal Consciousness as Viewed through the Judicial Iconography of the Madras High Court." Asian Journal of Law and Society 5, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2017.33.
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AbstractThe Madras High Court located in Chennai, India, was established in 1862 when India was under colonial rule. It continues to exist in post-independence India after merging into the Indian legal system. In this study, I argue that the architecture and judicial iconography of the Madras High Court building reflects a recurring historical tension between Indian and British concepts of justice. This is continually reflected in the semiotics of the legal space of this high court which in turn influences the legal consciousness of the court personnel who utilize this space. This architecture and iconography of the Madras High Court constitutes, preserves, and reinforces the ambivalent legal consciousness of those who created, occupy, and visit this space. The contemporary legal consciousness of the court personnel is thus seen to have deep historical roots.
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Singh, Raja. "Pedagogy for Teaching Fire Safety through Design-Based Immersion of the National Building Code 2016 with Feedback from Students of Undergraduate Architecture." Scientific World Journal 2023 (March 20, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4007123.
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This study is based on the feedback from 3rd-year architectural undergraduate students at a leading architectural education college in India. An undergraduate degree in architecture in India leads to a professional license to practice as an architect in India. Fire safety is also a component of the architectural curriculum, but there are concerns worldwide that architecture colleges may somehow not give the impetus fire safety education may require. A studio-based, immersive pedagogy was created to make fire safety more relevant and easy to grasp for architecture students. This method used integrating the interventions from the country’s fire code into the design using students’ self-created design problems, with which they were familiar. This design-based immersive integration of the National Building Code 2016 and its fire provisions were tested in this study. The detailed course pedagogical structure has been presented. The study was tested using feedback from the students at the end of the semester using an 11-part questionnaire which 32 students answered in an anonymous mode. The results show an overall positive response where the students prefer a design-based integrated fire safety curriculum which introduces fire codes to the students in the applied format. This study paves the way for more replications of the studio design-based integration of fire codes into the curricula of architecture colleges. Further studies will require this technique to undergo further testing by involving practitioners who have undergone this pedagogy and testing the same in building projects.
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Tongaroon, Nirandorn. "Balkrishna Doshi: An Architecture for India." Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies (JARS) 14, no. 1 (October 30, 2017): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56261/jars.v14i1.104457.
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Maitland, Alexander, and Christopher Tadgell. "The History of Architecture in India." Geographical Journal 157, no. 1 (March 1991): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/635152.
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Sahni, Varun. "India and the Asian Security Architecture." Current History 105, no. 690 (April 1, 2006): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2006.105.690.163.
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By building robust political and economic links with both China and the United States, India could end up playing an important catalytic role in bringing both countries together in a new cooperative Asia.
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Gubba, Neelima, and Esther Kiruba Jebakumar. "Egg as an Organic Building Material a Comparative Study and Understanding in Indian Context." Key Engineering Materials 803 (May 2019): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.803.267.
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Indian architecture is a development of many distinct features which are inspired by its ancient vernacular techniques and the features brought by its migrants. It has attained the symbolism and importance due to its unique fusion of these building construction techniques. A comprehensive approach is necessary to understand and identify many examples of Indian architectural past to achieve the unique quality in the future of architecture. Using Eggs in the Building Finishing and Ornamentation work has been used extensively in different parts of India. Egg is an organic material which is sustainable and which has been passed on from generations. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the methods and techniques of using Eggs are documented to bring the awareness and propagate the use of this versatile material. The use of Egg waste as an additive to concrete has also been investigated.
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Rodriques ; Rahadhian P. Herwindo, Laurentius Nicholas. "COMPARISON OF FORMS AND TECTONICS OF OLD CLASSICAL ERA HINDU TEMPLE IN JAVA WITH HINDU TEMPLES OF PALLAVA ERA IN SOUTH INDIA." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 4, no. 03 (May 30, 2020): 306–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v4i03.3934.306-323.
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Abstract- Hindu temples in Java and Hindu temples in South India, often receive attention in the world of architecture due to the similarity of the Dravidian Architecture style of the temple in both places. The similarities are marked by the shape of a layered pyramid roof, yet it is not exactly similar if we observe all the architecture features and elements. The author tries to simplify the comparison of form and tectonics as seen from the general tectonic division of a building which are the feet, body and head. From the findings, it can be concluded that there are similarities in the 'basic idea' or 'initial image' of Hindu temple buildings in both places. However, after careful review of the form and tectonics in both places, they have their own unrelated characteristics. This study shows a unique relationship between the architecture of the Javanese Hindu Temple and South India where the relationship that occurs cannot be said to be one of the parties influencing the other party or vice versa. The findings from this study actually show the thick characteristics of each place. The distinguishing factor could be due to differences in nature, preferences, culture or technology at the two locations in that era. Even though Hinduism is a religion that originated from India, it seems that in terms of architecture it cannot be said that Javanese copied Indian Hindu architecture. This research shows that the architecture of Hindu temples has a common thread that binds to its basic principles, but the results of design processing will differ depending on the context and design. Key Words: temple, temple, Hindu, Javanese, South Indian, Form, Tectonic
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Tandon, Rashmi Baluja, Amit Hajela, and Anil Dewan. "An approach towards total quality in architectural education in India track: higher education (architecture education)." Brazilian Journal of Development 10, no. 5 (May 10, 2024): e69571. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv10n5-034.
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Architecture Education is a service and product, which demands, quality delivery to meet the expectations of stakeholders. Architecture Education in India is over 100 years old, and the focus of higher education in India post-independence has been on addressing the demand for skilled professionals required for a developing nation. Over the years the emphasis on quantity has impacted the quality of graduates and there is a need for a quality framework for better delivery to all the stakeholders and to produce more employable graduates. Quality imperatives are critical to all contemporary societies which demand a better quality of life through holistic built environments across the globe delivered through professionals having the skill set to meet societal aspirations There is an increasing demand for trained professionals given the tremendous growth in the physical infrastructure in urban and rural areas particularly the current shortfall in the housing sector besides other tertiary sectors of the economy. The paper addresses the issues about architectural education as mandated through statutory processes prescribed by the Council of Architecture, New India’s Minimum Standards of Architectural Education in India, and the New Education Policy -2020 of the Government of India. The research process adopted identifies the gaps in the current system of education through content and perception analysis through interviews and expert opinions and suggests methodologies that can transform the current processes through an understanding of total quality principles and their application to the higher education sector. The paper evaluates various aspects of architectural education such as institutional mechanisms, the process of admission, curricula structure, pedagogy, teaching-learning processes, scheme of examinations, faculty selection process, and their growth through the perspective of total quality parameters for the service sector. The paper attempts to suggest an approach towards Total Quality in Architectural Education in India driven by quality and research, relevant to the socio-economic, cultural, and physical context of the developing economies in the 21st Century.
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Perdana, Aditya Bayu, and Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan. "Vāstu Order as an Alternative Concept for Analysing Javanese Temple Architecture | Tatanan Vāstu sebagai Konsep Alternatif untuk Menelaah Arsitektur Candi Jawa." SPAFA Journal 6 (May 2, 2022): q790t38g6i. http://dx.doi.org/10.26721/spafajournal.q790t38g6i.
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This paper focuses on the architectural order of ancient Javanese temples. Contemporary writings often use a tripartite order to conceptualize Javanese temple architecture, which divide the edifice into three parts consisting of head, body, and feet. However, the overgeneralized nature of the order does not accurately represent the complexities of Javanese temples which contain diverse architectural elements. This has made discussion of Javanese temple architectural traits somewhat limited and undetailed. Further, the textual basis of this order is questionable. The concept has not been found in authentic Old Javanese source and only attested in modern sources as a conjecture. To support more nuanced discussion of Javanese temple architecture, the author proposes an alternative architecture order, dubbed the “vāstu order”. This order is created using an architectural-historical research method in analyzing historical architectural treatise and samples of Javanese temple. Samples are limited to Hindu temples from the Mataram era (8-11th centuries). Comparison that the authors have conducted find that the elevation of all samples can visually divided into seven parts of the vāstu order: upapīṭha, adhiṣṭhāna, pada, prastara, gala, śikhara, and stūpi. However, further inspection (using the temple’s head as an example) shows that each part has an unusual or even unprecedented architectural elaboration from the supposed Indian protype. This observation contributes to the notion that Javanese temples shows a complex amalgamation of various Indian architectural elements into a distinct creative form. This study demonstrates that a conceptual shift from the conventional tripartite order into a more refined vāstu order permitted more detailed observations in various architectural elements of Javanese temples. Applying and testing the vāstu order to other temples would perhaps yield a more robust architectural order that is useful in revealing the nature of Javanese temple architecture and its position within the web of cultural exchange between India and Southeast Asia. Tulisan ini berfokus pada tatanan (order) arsitektural candi Jawa. Tulisan kontemporer kerap menelaah arsitektur candi menggunakan tatanan triparti, yang membagi tampak candi ke dalam tiga bagian: badan, kepala, dan kaki. Meski umum digunakan, tatanan sederhana ini tidak merefleksikan secara akurat kompleksitas candi yang memiliki banyak elemen arsitektural. Akibatnya, upaya untuk menjabarkan ciri arsitektural candi cenderung terbatas dan tidak rinci. Dasar tekstual dari tatanan triparti juga dapat dipertanyakan. Konsep ini hanya ditemukan pada sumber modern dalam bentuk dugaan, dan belum ditemukan dalam sumber Jawa Kuno asli. Dalam rangka mendukung diskusi candi yang lebih rinci dan berbobot, penulis mengusulkan sebuah sistem tatanan baru, yang penulis sebut sebagai “tatanan vāstu.” Tatanan ini disusun menggunakan metode riset arsitektural-historis untuk menganalisis sastra arsitektural dan sampel candi. Sampel terbatas pada candi Hindu dari era Mataram Kuno (abad 8-11 M). Perbandingan yang penulis lakukan menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel candi dapat dibagi secara visual ke dalam tujuh bagian yang dimiliki tatanan vāstu: upapīṭha, adhiṣṭhāna, pada, prastara, gala, śikhara, dan stūpi. Namun begitu, pemeriksaan lebih jauh (menggunakan kepala candi sebagai contoh) menunjukkan bahwa tiap bagian memiliki elaborasi arsitektural yang cukup berbeda dengan elemen India yang diduga sebagai purwarupa. Pengamatan ini memperkuat pendapat bahwa arsitektur candi Jawa menunjukkan percampuran kompleks berbagai elemen arsitektural India menjadi suatu gubahan tersendiri. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan sistem tatanan berbasis vāstu, alih-alih tripartit konvensional, memungkinkan penjabaran elemen arsitektur candi secara lebih rinci. Menerapkan dan menguji kesahihan tatanan vāstu pada candi lain ke depannya mungkin dapat menghasilkan order arsitektur baru yang lebih bermanfaat untuk menelaah arsitektur candi Jawa serta kedudukannya dalam jaring pertukaran budaya antar India dan Asia Tenggara.
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Meiliani Surya, Ruth, and Harastoeti Dibyo Hartono. "THE RELATION OF MAJAPAHIT TEMPLES WITH VASUSASTRA-MANASARA." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 5, no. 04 (October 27, 2021): 384–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v5i04.5301.384-401.
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Abstract- Vastusastra is a text which discusses Indian architecture which is published in several books, included Manasara. Vastusastra contains guidline for building Indian construction, including religious building such as temples. Although the narrative was made for the construction of temples in India, it turns out that there are some elements in vastu that also found in Mataram Kuno temples. This raises questions about the relationship of Indian architecture with Majapahit, which was the era after Ancient Mataram, given the Hindu-Buddhist influence still existed in the Majapahit era. To find out this, vastusastra-Manasara was used as a benchmark to find out the elements of the Majapahit temple which was influenced by India, especially South India which was thought to have a more dominant influence than North India on temple architecture in Indonesia.
This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach by describing the figure and mass-space layout of Majapahit temples that have been selected as the object of research and compared with vastusastra-Manasara's narrative using reference objects to facilitate analysis in order to find out the relations of the Majapahit era temples with vastusastra-Manasara narrative.
Based on the results of the study, it was found that the temples of the Majapahit era still have relations with vastusastra-Manasara narrative when viewed in terms of figure and mass-space layout. But the relationship between the two can be said to be increasingly decreased. The re-domination of the original culture of Indonesian society in the Majapahit era and the influence of other cultures such as China is thought to be the cause of the waning influence of India on the architecture of the Majapahit temple. This led to the fusion of culture in the Majapahit temple and resulted in variations of new temples that had never existed before.
Key Words: candi, majapahit, temple, vastusatra, manasara, relation
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Veselickiy, Oleg Vladimirovich. "Ancient indian cave temple monuments as objects of unique environmental complexes." Interactive science, no. 5 (39) (May 27, 2019): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-496842.
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The article outlines the features of creating cave temple monuments in India. A comparative analysis of some aspects in the architectural traditions and building technologies of the temple architecture of Europe and India is given. The impact of construction technologies on the interior spaces, the interiors of temple complexes cut in rocks and integrated into integral systems of environmental complexes is affected.
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Tahir Abdul Rahman Siddiquee, Fadzidah Abdullah, Aliyah Nur Zafirah Sanusi, and Mohd Khalid Hasan. "Innovation of an Effective Blended Learning Technology in Architectural Engineering and its Validation by Response Data Analysis." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 30, no. 3 (May 15, 2023): 244–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.30.3.244264.
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With the availability of countless choices of tools and technologies through computers and the internet, blended learning technology is further enriched by non-conventional powerful modes of online synchronous and asynchronous interactions between learners and instructors. The questionnaire was developed by using the web-based Google Forms platform and shared with architects and students of architecture by using WhatsApp and Gmail as the primary source of distribution. In light of the Council of Architecture’s Minimum Standards of Architectural Education Regulations 2020 Recommendations, All India Council for Technical Education’s Report, and Bloom’s Taxonomy, the research-based learning technology is found to be the most effective learning technology due to its active nature. Therefore, this fact was validated by obtaining the response regarding the attitude and understanding of all the stakeholders in architectural engineering viz. learners, teachers, and professionals towards research-based learning technology. All the respondents strongly supported the concept of introducing research-based learning technology in architecture education from the undergraduate degree level.
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Nair, Janaki. "Past Perfect: Architecture and Public Life in Bangalore." Journal of Asian Studies 61, no. 4 (November 2002): 1205–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3096440.
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“In the city,” says carl schorske, writing of Vienna at the turn of the twentieth century, “… the truth of industrial and commercial society had to be screened in the decent draperies of pre-industrial artistic styles. Science and law were modern truth, but beauty came from history” (1981, 45). Quotations from the past were equally the mark of architectural styles that were forged in colonial and postcolonial societies, as history became a resource for defining new ideals of beauty. If the retreat into (classical European) history was a striking feature of public architecture in colonial India (Evenson 1989, 99–109), an attempt to command a long and respectable lineage of authority equally marked the efforts of Indian nationalists in the early post-independence period.
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Khandelwal, Vishal. "On the Aspirations of Architecture and Design in 20th-Century South Asia." ARTMargins 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_r_00352.
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Abstract This review compares The Museum of Modern Art's exhibition “The Project of Independence: Architectures of Decolonization in South Asia, 1947-1985” (2022) to Farhan Karim's Of Greater Dignity Than Riches: Austerity and Housing Design in India (2019). These two examples’ distinct approaches to architecture and design in twentieth-century South Asia are conditioned by their respective formats and scopes. Both the exhibition and the book draw attention to the ideas, ambitions, and aspirations undergirding architecture and design in the region, and as expressed by agents including architects, designers, bureaucrats, construction workers, intellectuals, and critics. They do so, however, towards variant critical ends that are juxtaposed and compared in this review. The final portion of this review discusses how questions of architectural and design production and conception, central towards understanding the intellectual contributions of architects, designers, and their collaborators, stand enhanced through a focus on issues of representation that also make their way into historical archives, and as such might be critically enfolded within historical narratives.
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Salomatin, A. Y., and A. S. Koriakina. "SWITZERLAND AND INDIA AS DIFFERENT MODELS OF ETHNIC FEDERALISM." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 4 (June 22, 2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.68.4.155-162.
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The ethnic factor is important in the development of federalism. ethno-linguistic architecture and cultural-religious structure are the main elements. Switzerland and India are diff erent models of ethnic federalism. The Swiss model of federalism is cantonal-communal. Switzerland consists of 26 cantons; there is a multi-ethnic composition of the population. Switzerland escaped ethnic separatism. The state has centuries of experience in reconciling linguistic and cultural diff erences. The Indian model is postcolonial. The state is multi-ethnic. Indian federalism is highly centralized. India has a unique ethnic, linguistic and religious composition.
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Sriparvathy, Unni, and T. N. Salahsha. "Adalaj Stepwell: A Magical Resonance of Architectural Ingenuity." ATHENS JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE 7, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 275–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.7-2-3.
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The term Stepwell defined as "Well with Stairs" is a window to the ethnicity of forgotten civilizations. Stepwells are structures up to 3 to 5 storeys down from ground level, many of which are artistically designed with exquisite workmanship. These stepwells collect water during seasonal monsoons and in the deeper part of the ground with shadows around, such water bodies undergo slow evaporation process. In India, stepwells have been around since the age of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, about 4,500 years ago. During this period, bath wells with steps were created, with rooms surrounding the well-pit for resting. Such stepwells were once integral to the semi-arid regions of India, as they provided water for basic amenities for subsistence. These wells were also venues for colourful festivals and sacred rituals, paving the way for a rich cultural legacy. One such unique stepwell is located in Adalaj village in Gujarat, India, initiated by Raja Veer Singh in 1499 and completed by King Mohammed Begada for Rani Rudabai, wife of the Raja. The cultural and architectural representations in the stepwell at various levels are a tribute to the history, built initially by Hindus and subsequently ornamented and blended with Islamic architecture during the Muslim rule. But present-day perception, nurtured by technological advancements, has shifted. The paper focuses on the effects of the changing urbanscape on the architectural and visual connectivity with the cultural heritage of Adalaj so that adequate conservation measures can be proposed to preserve this icon of Indian architecture. Understanding the cultural relevance of such structures is crucial for their continued appreciation and protection.
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Pshinka, Natalia. "Architecture of Books on Indian Topics by Mykola Pshinka." Demiurge: Ideas, Technologies, Perspectives of Design 6, no. 1 (May 12, 2023): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2617-7951.6.1.2023.279038.
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The purpose of the research: analysis of the architecture of Mykola Pshinka’s Indi- an-themed books as a harmonious unity of ar- tistic-graphic and structural-compositional ele- ments, the role of stylization tools in the design of children’s publications to achieve synergy of the text and the illustrative series (collections "Feather of the Pink Chakva", "Indian Folk Tales", "Myths of Ancient India"). Research methods: systematization of scientific sources, inter- views, empirical observations and their descrip- tion, artistic analysis, synthesis and generaliza- tion of the obtained results. The results of the research: the peculiarities of the architecture of M. Pshinka’s editions of Indian themes and the artistic interpretation of the ancient Indian epic as a synthesis of the features of the indi- vidual author’s style of the Ukrainian artist and the elements of Indian national color used by him are considered. Emphasis is placed on the importance of visual communication, achiev- ing empathy with the young reader, who is the most important participant in the creative pro- cess, conveying not only the ideological, but also the emotional content of the book through illustrative and constructive means. A compar- ative characterization of the means of artistic expression in the illustration and design-layout of books for readers of different ages was car- ried out: taking into account the psychological features of the perception of visual images by children and the criteria of the quality of the publication: ideological, aesthetic, socio-psy- chological, ergonomic qualities. Scientific nov- elty: books on Indian subjects by M. Pshinka as a syncretic artistic phenomenon, characterized by integral architecture, a synthesis of texts, il- lustrations, decorative elements, design-layout are for the first time comprehensively and multi- facetedly considered. On the basis of a compar- ative analysis of the artistic design of the books "Indian Folk Tales" and "Myths of Ancient India", the features of the design of publications for children of different ages, junior and senior high school, were commented.
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Kamble Ila Gupta, Alpana. "Architecture and Daylight: Planning Strategies for Energy - Efficient Buildings in India." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2023): 1964–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23617120753.
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Anil, Ar Seema. "Beyond Stones: A Chronicle of Evolution in Islamic Tomb Architecture in India, Culminating in the Timeless Grandeur of the Taj Mahal." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 12 (December 30, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27855.
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This research paper meticulously traces the evolution of Islamic tomb architecture in India, from its early manifestations to the zenith embodied by the Taj Mahal. Beginning with the construction of the Tomb of Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad (Sultan Ghari) in A.D. 1231, attributed to Shams- ud-Din Iltutmish, the paper unveils the genesis of tomb architecture in India, with distinct elements reflecting Hindu influence. The exploration progresses to Iltutmish's innovative phase, exemplified by the Tomb of Shams-ud-Din Iltutmish (A.D. 1235), strategically positioned near the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque. The introduction of the 'squinch' technique exemplifies a pioneering quest for dome construction techniques during this phase. The Tughlaqs' experimental era, witnessed through Ghias ud Din Tughlaq and Firuz Shah Tughlaq's tombs, reveals challenges in achieving widespread appeal due to stunted domes. The Lodis then emerge as pioneers with Sikandar Lodi's Tomb, introducing typological differentiations with octagonal and square plans, catering to distinct societal strata. Key innovations, such as the introduction of the double dome seen in Shihab-ud-din-Taj's tomb and Sikandar Lodi's tomb, become pivotal architectural features, addressing challenges of height and proportions. Regional variations, as seen in the Eklakhi Tomb in Bengal, Ibrahim Rauza reflecting Bahamani style, and Golgumbaz's remarkable square plan, underscore the impact of climatic considerations and regional aesthetics. Culminating in the Taj Mahal, the paper meticulously dissects its architectural features, showcasing the intricate layout, translucent white marble, and innovative use of a double dome. This exploration provides a comprehensive understanding of the cultural, technological, and artistic tapestry that defines Islamic tomb architecture in India. Key Words: Islamic Tomb Architecture, Taj Mahal, Double Dome, Regional Variations
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Yadav, Neelima, and Navanil Chattopadhyay. "Traditional Vernacular Architecture of Kumaon: The Case of the Hill Towns of Munsiyari, Uttarakhand." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 2 (November 10, 2021): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi2.523.
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Munsiyari is a region located at an altitude of 2,200 meters in the hilly state of Uttarakhand, India. The eponymous town is surrounded by twenty-two villages mostly inhabited by Bhotiya tribes, who once formed a community that traded with those crossing from India to Tibet, though this trade came to an abrupt end with the 1962 Sino-Indian war. Owing to the region’s prosperity, the villages exhibit a very interesting typology of hill architecture. This architectural identity is also a manifestation of a geographical and cultural response to a difficult terrain. Our study was carried out as part of the preparation of a dossier for inventorying the Kailash sacred landscape with the aim of documenting the present state of the traditional vernacular heritage of the selected indigenous community for the UNESCO nomination of the wider region. That thorough documentation process was used as a means of analyzing local vernacular heritage and its current situation, and with a view to offsetting the rapid transformation of the past two decades.
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Soomro, T. A., M. A. Soomro, A. N. Laghari, D. K. Bhangwar, and M. A. Soomro. "Fading Legacy of the Architectural Heritage of the Historic Core of Karachi." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 2 (April 19, 2018): 2735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1779.
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In 1839 British East India Company captured the town of Karachi. After an effortless resistance from the locals the fort was conquered by the British commander sir Charles Napier. The village of Kolachi then was annexed to British India and the city was labeled as Karachi. With the British occupation a phase of new sophisticated architecture and development started. Before that the city was based upon the vernacular mud architecture. These developments resulted in an influx of economic migrants who helped in making Karachi as a multinational and a multicultural city. This paper investigates the architectural attributes that the historic core of the city offers. It also discusses the side by side development of the native and British towns. The paper also researches about the existing state of the architecture precedent of the British colonial past of the city and the urban blight occurred to them over time in various forms like vandalism, encroachments, illegal repairs, etc.
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Paul, Joshy M. "Emerging Security Architecture in the Indian Ocean Region: Policy Options for India." Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India 7, no. 1 (June 2011): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2011.601055.
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