Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Architecture Materials'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Architecture Materials.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Skerry, Nathaniel S. (Nathaniel Standish) 1971. "Transformed materials : a material research center in Milan, Italy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70358.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 74-75).
[Transformed Materials] is an exploration into today's design methodologies of architecture production. The emergence of architectural form is questioned in relation to the temporal state of design intent and the physical material construct. At a time when there is an increased awareness of the current state of technology, material innovation and methods of fabrication, there are new speculations of what materiality is and can be. This thesis will propose an architecture that emerges through an exploration of the material concept that directly informs and expresses the fundamental ideas of the project. Building methods have changed widely over time, and are co-responsible for creating a dialog between functional requirements, technological invention, and material implication that reflects the current cultural state. Today's architectural products have in a sense reverted back to thin surfaces. Current cultural issues such as socioeconomic, environmental impact, transportability, efficiency, lightness, storability, technology, and mass production, have over time created a state of "thinness ". This project tries to offset the current trend of building by accepting the norms of architectural products, and reinventing their role within a contemporary language that explores more deeply the material qualities and properties associates with it. This thesis will use steel as the primary building material. Steel is a material that has become standardized in how it is shaped and formed, thus its ability to produce an architecture has been reduced purely to a dogmatiC approach of engineered solutions or preconceived results. Steel, is artificial by nature; if we suspend our preconceptions of steel, could the material be designed such that its role is critical in defining space, structure and program in a tectonic system? The area of research and examination will be focused on the design of a Material Research Center (mRC). located in Milan, Italy.
by Nathaniel S. Skerry.
M.Arch.
Summers, Joshua. "Materials and craft in architecture." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=1054816376.
Full textSamsonow, Emily L. "Material Celebration: Exploring the Architectural Potential of Waste Materials." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1306501078.
Full textCarbone, Christopher M. (Christopher Martin) 1975. "Mainstreaming straw as a construction material : understanding the future of bio-based architectural materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64914.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 143-158).
There is a current trend in design and construction towards the use of distinct prefabricated components in the production of buildings. There is also a growing awareness by architects and builders of the environmental impact caused by the production, operation, and disposal of buildings. Since the industrial revolution, building materials have tended towards high-energy solutions, as materials of renewable origin are inherently difficult to manufacture to the tight tolerances demanded from modern design. Additionally, they are perceived as more susceptible to fire and rot than many synthetic materials. Yet, impending energy shortages as well as environmental concerns now force us to reconsider if there are ways to use renewable materials without compromising design. One such material worthy of reconsideration is straw; which has been used for thousands of years in architecture. Straw refers to the dried stems of grain bearing grasses, which are often burned or tilled back into the soil after the grain has been harvested. This paper will survey the current global production of straw and the environmental impact of straw use in construction. Further, it will identify future opportunities for the use of straw in modern design. Included is a design for a straw insulation system for commercial architecture. The system is comprised primarily of straw with a bio-based shell. This insulation system is designed for disassembly from the other building systems so that these organic materials can return to their natural cycles at the end of the use phase. A sample design is given to demonstrate its use in construction, and prototypes are built to test the feasibility of this design. Computer simulations are performed to demonstrate hygro-thermal response of this design to the climates of Boston, Massachusetts; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Los Angeles, California. Preliminary thermal testing of the prototypes qualitatively indicates their effectiveness. The analysis is then expanded to a discussion of the link between global waste generation, resource consumption, and life spans of building systems. Finally, a simple method of classifying natural resources is presented which may help educate future generations to better understand the full ramifications of design and development, and a life cycle analysis of the designed component is performed using this new classification scheme.
by Christopher M. Carbone.
S.M.
Parrott, Jordan A. "Timbre Architecture: The Glitch is the System." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243013919.
Full textDierichs, Karola [Verfasser], and Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Menges. "Granular architectures : granular materials as "designer matter" in architecture / Karola Dierichs ; Betreuer: Achim Menges." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205736948/34.
Full textMedhi, Jishu K. "Modular Architecture for Intelligent Aerial Manipulators." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1573811910421278.
Full textLiao, Nancy Han 1975. "Complex curvilinear surfaces in composite materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68382.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references.
The thesis will propose a method of architectural design that applies the use of continuous and curvilinear surfaces. It will explore a method of engaging the continuous surface as an expression and response to t he dynamic form-giving forces of the 1. functional /programmatic needs, 2. environmental and 3. metaphoric, all of which will be further elaborated in the Introduction. This thesis will be conducted with the understanding that these shaping forces, as well as materiality, are critical and complex design issues that can be communicated through the form-giving process by an exploration and application of a continuous and curvilinear surface constructed with composite materials in an urban site condition.
by Nancy Han Liao.
M.Arch.
Tichenor, James 1976. "Electronically modulated materials : effects and context." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27032.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 94-96).
Recent advancements and increased availability of technologies have led to the design of surfaces and materials that can encode physical properties into digital information that can be manipulated at will. While research at the nano and micro scales continues to develop new materials, the availability and improvements of microcontrollers in recent years has allowed designers to become involved in the developments of human and macro scale physical-digital surfaces. In this thesis I will develop a set of aesthetic issues and attempt to show examples of how I tackled those issues through a series of projects in the domain of physical-digital surfaces. These projects will range in scale and level of refinement from design proposals to working prototypes. The set of aesthetic issues developed for this thesis will contextualize the surface studies that I have been working on within an art historical context and also suggest areas for further investigation and experimentation.
by James Tichenor.
S.M.
Nguyen, Van Tang. "Nanostructured soft-hard magnetic materials with controlled architecture." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1007.
Full textAmong currently investigated rare-earth-free magnets, ferromagnetic τ-MnAl is a highly potential candidate as having promising intrinsic magnetic properties. In my thesis, Mn(Fe)AlC was synthesized by mechanical alloying method. Effects of carbon on microstructure and magnetic properties were systematically investigated. It was found that high purity of τ-MnAl(C) could be obtained at 2 at.% C doping, showing clearly stabilizing effect of carbon. Mn54.2Al43.8C2 has the best magnetic properties: magnetization at 2T M2T = 414 kAm-1, remanent magnetization Mr = 237 kAm-1, coercivity HC = 229 kAm-1, and |BH|max = 11.2 kJm-3. HC increased inversely with the crystallite size of τ phase and proportionally with C content. Moreover, first principle calculation showed both stabilizing effect and preferable interstitial positions of carbon in tetragonal τ-MnAl. Mn51-xFexAl47C2 (x= 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6) alloys were also synthesized by mechanical alloying method, showing high purity of τ phase up to 2 at.% Fe doping. Adding of Fe on MnAl(C) reduced both magnetization and TC but likely increased slightly HC. 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry at 300K was used to probe local enviroment in ε-, τ-, β-, and γ2-MnFeAl(C). In which, γ2-, ε-, and β-MnFeAl(C) exhibited a quadrupolar structure while τ -Mn50.5Fe0.5Al47C2 spectrum showed a rather complex magnetic hyperfine splitting. The interaction between Fe and Mn examined by in-field Mössbauer measurement at 10 K and 8 T showed a non-collinear magnetic structure between Fe and Mn with different canting angles at different sites. Hyperfine field of MnFeAl alloy calculated by Win2k supported both magetic properties and Mossbauer results
Dominique, Matilda. "The Architecture of Threads." Thesis, Konstfack, Textil, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-4751.
Full textImage no. 16 has been removed due to copyright reasons. A link to the image can be found in the List of References
Langford, William Kai. "Electronic digital materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95609.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-109).
Digital materials are constructions assembled from a small number of types of discrete building blocks; they represent a new way of building functional, multi-material, three-dimensional structures. In this thesis, I focus on the construction of microelectronics from vertically assemble-able two-dimensional parts. With just a conducting and insulating part-type, I show that it is possible to make discretely assembled electrical networks. With a third resistive part-type, I show that it is possible to make any passive electronic component and complex impedance circuitry, including antennas and matching networks. Finally, with four semiconducting part-types I suggest that it is possible to assemble active components like diodes and transistors. This work details the part production processes to create two-dimensional micro-bricks, modeling and assembly strategies to create functional structures from discrete parts, the measurement and evaluation of the bulk properties of the assemblies, and experiments in assembly automation.
by William Kai Langford.
S.M.
Little, Travis Shane. "Materials matter exploring unconventional appliications of brick in architecture /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1148267772.
Full textTitle from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 17, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Materials, Brick, Application. Includes bibliographical references.
Tsarouchas, Dimitris. "Fibre network materials : architecture and effective linear elastic properties." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610878.
Full textLITTLE, TRAVIS SHANE. "MATERIALS MATTER: EXPLORING UNCONVENTIONAL APPLIICATIONS OF BRICK IN ARCHITECTURE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148267772.
Full textGuiducci, Lorenzo. "Passive biomimetic actuators : the role of material architecture." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7044/.
Full textPassive pflanzliche Aktuatoren sind bewegliche Strukturen, die eine komplexe Bewegung ohne jegliche metabolische Energiequelle erzeugen können. Diese Fähigkeit entstammt dabei der Materialverteilung mit unterschiedlicher Quellbarkeit innerhalb der Gewebsstruktur.Die bis heute am besten untersuchten Gewebearten pflanzlicher und künstlicher Passivaktuatoren sind Faserverbundwerkstoffe, in denen steife, fast undehnbare Zellulosemikrofibrillen die ansonsten isotrope Schwellung einer Matrix leiten. Darüber hinaus gibt es in der Natur Beispiele für Aktuationssysteme, wie z.B. die Delosoperma nakurense Samenkapsel, in der das Aktuatorgewebe eine Wabenstruktur aufweist, deren Zellen mit einem hochquellenden Material gefüllt sind. Dabei hat die Wabenstruktur des Gewebes eine hohe geometrische Anisotropie, so dass sich das Gewebe bei Wasseraufnahme bis zur vierfachen Länge entlang einer Hauptrichtung ausdehnt und somit die reversible Öffnung der Kapsel angetrieben wird. Inspiriert durch das Vorbild der Delosoperma nakurense, wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit die Rolle der Architektur von 2D-Zellulärmaterialien als Modell für natürliche passive Aktuatoren analysiert. Zunächst wird anhand eines einfachen Flüssigkeitsdrucks in den Zellen der Einfluss verschiedener architektonischer Parameter auf deren mechanische Betätigung untersucht. Wohingegen regelmäßige konvexe Wabenstrukturen (wie z. B. sechseckige, dreieckige oder quadratische Gitter) sich unter Druck isotropisch verformen, wird durch Finite-Elemente-Simulationen gezeigt, dass es bei anisotropen und nicht-konvexen Zellen zu großen Ausdehnungen jeder einzelnen Zelle kommt. Auch wenn nur eine einzelne Zellgeometrie betrachtet wird, können hierbei viele verschiedene Gitter entstehen. Die Ausdehnungsrichtung des Gitters ist variabel und hängt von der lokalen Konnektivität der Zellen ab. Dies hat Auswirkungen sowohl auf makroskopischer (Gitter-) als auch auf mikroskopischer (Zell-) Ebene. Auf makroskopischer Ebene erfahren diese nicht-konvexen Gitter entweder große anisotrope (ähnlich der Delosperma nakurense Samenkapsel) oder vollkommen isotrope Eigendehnungen, große Scherverformungen oder jeweilige Mischformen. Überdies können Gitter mit ähnlichem makroskopischem Verhalten gänzlich unterschiedliche mikroskopische Verformungsmuster zeigen, wie z.B. Zick-Zack-Bewegungen oder radikale Änderungen der ursprünglichen Zellform. Dies verursacht auch eine entsprechende Änderung der elastischen Eigenschaften. In Abhängigkeit der Gitterarchitektur kann es zu gleichen oder unterschiedlichen mikroskopischen Zelldeformationen kommen, die sich in Summe entweder verstärken oder ausgleichen, und somit die Vielzahl an makroskopischen Verhalten erklären. Interessanterweise lassen sich mit Hilfe einfacher geometrischer Argumente aus der nichtdeformierten Zellform und Zellkonnektivität die Ergebnisse der FE-Simulationen vorhersagen. Die Ergebnisse der Finite-Elemente-Simulationen wurden durch Laborversuche bestätigt, in denen (mit 3D-Drucktechnik gefertigte) Modellgitter ähnliches Ausdehnungsverhalten beim Quellen zeigen. Diese Arbeit zeigt auf, wie die Innenarchitektur eines quellfähigen zellulären Feststoffs zu komplexen Formänderungen führen kann, die in den Bereichen der Soft-Robotik oder bei Morphing-Strukturen angewandt werden können.
Braggin, Greg A. "Effect of Surfactant Architecture on Conformational Transitions of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1411.
Full textZolotovsky, Katia. "Guided growth : design and computation of biologically active materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113925.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 122-129).
In this dissertation, I propose ways for designers and architects to engage with the material units of biological computation and fabrication, namely the living cells. Microscopic cells, the basic units of life, are bits of material with embedded computation, fabrication, and regulation mechanisms. Their genetic code in the DNA performs complex computations, allowing cells to grow, interact with their environment through exchange of matter and energy, and even produce structural materials such as cellulose. These materials are renewable, self-assembling, self-healing, and biologically active. Our rapidly growing ability to re-program living cells to produce materials they would not produce in their natural state presents future possibilities as far-reaching as growing houses from seeds. This dissertation explores synthetic biology as a computational method to program cells so as to grow biologically active materials for architecture, with the possibility of designing them for new functions, including air filtering and purification, self-repair, and photosynthesis. To realize the potential for biologically active materials, I propose a Guided Growth design process, using the cellulose-producing bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinus as an example. The Guided Growth design process employs three scales of resolution: nano (engineered living cells), meso (biomaterials that inhabit cells), and macro (bio-computational interface): · Nano-scale, the nanometer scale of DNA design: using tools of synthetic biology, I program the behavior of bacterial cells to respond to changes in their environment and pattern their function and properties. · Meso-scale, the micro- to centimeter scale of guided material self-assembly: using tools of materials science, I develop workflows to grow, shape, harvest, and process living-non-living composite biofilms, while keeping the bacteria cells alive and biologically active. · Macro-scale, the centimeter and up scale of bio-computational interface: using tools of digital fabrication, I design and fabricate a bio-computational interface that through computationally regulated flow of nutrients, added substances, and air allows the designer to interact with the process of growth. In the Guided Growth design process, I collaborate with synthetic biologists and computational designers to integrate the rigor of scientific research and the openness of material-based explorations. This multiscale collaborative process can be further generalized to other material systems where programmed living cells act as matter-organizing agents. My experimental methodology proposes new ways of computational making in architecture, a new class of biologically active materials, and a new application domain for synthetic biology.
by Katia Zolotovsky.
Ph. D. in Architecture: Design and Computation
Gerstenberger, Nanette Marie. "Historic plant materials of Tucson." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291741.
Full textCoelho, Marcelo. "Materials of interaction : responsive materials in the design of transformable interactive surfaces." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46577.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 94-99).
Materials that embody computational properties are reshaping the ways in which we design, interact and communicate. This thesis looks at the topic of form transformation and how to bring the programmability and versatility of digital forms into the physical world. The focus is placed on the relationship between materials, form and interaction, in particular how the behavior and properties of shape-changing materials can support the design of transformable interactive surfaces. Three design implementations are presented, each addressing a distinct subject area in the design of form transformation, namely topology, texture and permeability. Surflex is a composite that uses active and passive shape-changing materials to undergo large surface deformations. Sprout I/O implements small shape deformations and co-located input/output at a surface boundary to create a dynamic texture for communication. Shutters uses shape change to regulate a surface's permeability and control environmental exchanges between two distinct spaces. Drawing lessons from these projects, a soft mechanical alphabet and language for form transformation are derived, providing new formal possibilities for enriching human-computer interactions.
Marcelo Coelho.
S.M.
Ng, Chun-yuen Ronald. "Building Material Centre." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25948799.
Full textChin, Ryan C. C. 1974. "An exploration of materials and methods in manufacturing : shoreline membranes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65251.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 87-88).
This thesis is an investigation into the design methodologies and ideologies of manufacturing processes specifically related to automotive design. The conceptualization, prototyping, testing, and manufacturing of cars is a discipline that would yield exciting results if applied to architecture. The hybridization of different processes of design will raise interesting questions of how built form is conceived, designed, developed, and constructed. An essential part of this thesis research is the study of materials. After an intense investigation of the potential uses and intrinsic properties of new materials in the automotive and construction industries, a select few materials will be applied directly in the thesis. The final component of the thesis is a programmatic theme that will revolve around shoreline membranes. They provide a lightweight and flexible system of architecture for many different building types. The investigation will involve the design of a structure in which its conception, function, production, and form are the direct result of inspiration from automotive manufacturing techniques and material research.
by Ryan C.C. Chin.
M.Arch.
SUMMERS, JOSHUA CRAIG. "MATERIALS AND CRAFT IN ARCHITECTURE- A WORKSHOP FOR THE STUDY OF CRAFT." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1054816376.
Full textWu, Dongping. "Novel concepts for advanced CMOS : Materials, process and device architecture." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3805.
Full textThe continuous and aggressive dimensional miniaturization ofthe conventional complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)architecture has been the main impetus for the vast growth ofIC industry over the past decades. As the CMOS downscalingapproaches the fundamental limits, unconventional materials andnovel device architectures are required in order to guaranteethe ultimate scaling in device dimensions and maintain theperformance gain expected from the scaling. This thesisinvestigates both unconventional materials for the gate stackand the channel and a novel notched-gate device architecture,with the emphasis on the challenging issues in processintegration.
High-κ gate dielectrics will become indispensable forCMOS technology beyond the 65-nm technology node in order toachieve a small equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) whilemaintaining a low gate leakage current. HfO2and Al2O3as well as their mixtures are investigated assubstitutes for the traditionally used SiO2in our MOS transistors. These high-κ filmsare deposited by means of atomic layer deposition (ALD) for anexcellent control of film composition, thickness, uniformityand conformality. Surface treatments prior to ALD are found tohave a crucial influence on the growth of the high-κdielectrics and the performance of the resultant transistors.Alternative gate materials such as TiN and poly-SiGe are alsostudied. The challenging issues encountered in processintegration of the TiN or poly-SiGe with the high-k are furtherelaborated. Transistors with TiN or poly-SiGe/high-k gate stackare successfully fabricated and characterized. Furthermore,proof-of-concept strained-SiGe surface-channel pMOSFETs withALD high-κ dielectrics are demonstrated. The pMOSFETs witha strained SiGe channel exhibit a higher hole mobility than theuniversal hole mobility in Si. A new procedure for extractionof carrier mobility in the presence of a high density ofinterface states found in MOSFETs with high-κ dielectricsis developed.
A notched-gate architecture aiming at reducing the parasiticcapacitance of a MOSFET is studied. The notched gate is usuallyreferred to as a local thickness increase of the gatedielectric at the feet of the gate above the source/drainextensions. Two-dimensional simulations are carried out toinvestigate the influence of the notched gate on the static anddynamic characteristics of MOSFETs. MOSFETs with optimizednotch profile exhibit a substantial enhancement in the dynamiccharacteristics with a negligible effect on the staticcharacteristics. Notched-gate MOSFETs are also experimentallyimplemented with the integration of a high-κ gatedielectric and a poly-SiGe/TiN bi-layer gate electrode.
Key words:CMOS technology, MOSFET, high-κ, gatedielectric, ALD, surface pre-treatment, metal gate, poly-SiGe,strained SiGe, surface-channel, buried-channel, notchedgate.
Borchardt, Lars. "Carbide and Carbide-Derived Carbon Materials with Hierarchical Pore Architecture." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-107865.
Full textCooke, Timothy Graham. "Lightweight concrete : investigations into the production of variable density cellular materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78505.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-127).
This research focuses on the intersection between material composition and form in the development of a new type of concrete. As concrete is the most widely used building material in the world, innovation in this material has more potential to effect change in our built environment than innovation in any other. With the objective of minimizing raw material consumption and energy use, this work attempts to develop methods for creating a cellular lightweight concrete with variable density that can be cured at room temperature. Most aerated concretes traditionally require high temperature and high pressure curing; the goal of this research is to create a lower embodied energy product through the use of room temperature curing, while at the same time maximizing performance through variation of the density of the material through its section-essentially locating stronger material where it is needed. This more durable and versatile concrete product will be able to compete with traditional lightweight concretes, which provide benefits such as insulation, as well as normal-weight concrete, which is harder and stronger. The research aims to capitalize on the inherent heterogeneity of the material by producing a substance whose internal properties can be varied based on the needs of a specific part of a building. I am interested in replacing the concept of the "assembly" of materials to gain a desired function with a more unitary concept: the manipulation of a single material to meet a building's multiple needs. A desired outcome of the work is to reconceive how we put buildings together, not as assemblies of discrete elements but as monolithic yet malleable wholes.
by Timothy Graham Cooke.
S.M.
Ward, Jonathan (Jonathan Daniel). "Additive assembly of digital materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62084.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-44).
This thesis develops the use of additive assembly of press-fit digital materials as a new rapid-prototyping process. Digital materials consist of a finite set of parts that have discrete connections and occupy discrete space. Part geometries were designed and fabricated at different scales from different materials, including hierarchical voxels which connect across different scales. All parts were designed to be vertically assembled with top and bottom connections. Digital materials are discussed as a new way for building physically reconfigurable, multi-material 3D structures. The parts were designed with press-fit connectors to build reversible assemblies to take full advantage of reuse and recycling. This document starts by describing some current technologies in the fields of rapid-prototyping and personal fabrication. The concept for a press-fit digital materials is defined and explained. Many part designs are documented, including conductor and insulator parts for SOIC-pitch 3D circuits and hierarchical assemblies. This thesis concludes with the design and concept for assembly machine to automate building functional digital materials.
by Jonathan Ward.
S.M.
Popescu, George A. "Digital materials for digital fabrication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41754.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 50-51).
This thesis introduces digital materials by analogy with digital computation and digital communications. Traditional fabrication techniques include pick-and-place, roll-to-roll, molding, patterning and more. Current research in fabrication includes algorithmic assembly [3], programmed assembly[9], self-assembly[1,2], assembly by folding [4] as well as guided self-assembly [2]. While these research areas are studying means of fabrication, here we introduce the study of the digital materials they assemble. Moreover we present a new type of three-dimensional digital printer for use with functional digital materials. Most importantly, the digital materials are shown to be tuneable; the code describing a digital material allows one to predict and adjust the properties of the material itself. In the same 'way digital communications and computation are discrete in the code space, digital fabrication is discrete in the physical space. Just as digital communications enabled cheap long-distance communications and digital computation enabled cheap,universal and efficient computers, digital fabrication enables cheap, efficient and universal fabrication. Building digitally will reduce the complexity of the assembler and can produce a wider variety of objects for a smaller cost.
by George A. Popescu.
S.M.
Kua, Harn Wei 1971. "The design of effective policies for the promotion of sustainable construction materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37266.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references.
This research explores the associated effects of policy tools employed to promote sustainable building materials. By comparing the original motivations and intended effects of these policies and their actual outcome, and subsequently understanding the reasons behind any disparities between them, we suggest ways by which future policy planning can be improved. This research is based on seven detailed case studies. They cover the applications of virgin material taxes in Denmark and Sweden, forest management and biodiversity legislations in United States' Northwest and its coupling economic adjustment initiative, legislations/public outreach/demonstration projects on the use of substitute fuels for cement manufacturing in United States and the United Kingdom, and economic incentives to promote afforestation/reforestation in Chile. Each of these cases is attended by negative, unanticipated outcomes. By analyzing these outcomes, we observe that a negative and unanticipated policy outcome occurs when a sustainability indicator/issue is either completely ignored by policymakers, or the policymakers fail to identify intrinsic but inconspicuous links between seemingly disparate indicators.
(cont.) These unexpected outcomes can be reduced, or avoided, if policymakers conceptualize policies more broadly, for which purpose we propose the concept of integrated policymaking. This concept promotes the idea of co-addressing, or even co-optimizing, a wide range of eleven to sixteen sustainability indicators covering all the three domains of sustainability - economy, environment and employment. Furthermore, in doing so, policymakers must promote interactions among the different levels of governmental agencies (i.e. horizontal and vertical integration) and between the governmental and non-governmental stakeholder groups (i.e. time horizon integration and integration across stakeholder groups). We emphasize the significance of five different but interrelated types of feedback loops in supporting these different types and goals of integration. Finally, we applied this concept to the seven cases and proposed a series of innovative integrated policy strategies to address the negative, unanticipated outcomes observed.
by Harn Wei Kua.
Ph.D.
Pohl, Alexander. "Solid-state architecture : from simple metal cyanides to open-framework materials." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500552.
Full textLorenzon, Marta. "Earthen architecture in Bronze Age Crete : from raw materials to construction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25931.
Full textCanarslan, Ozgecan. "Evaluation Indicators For Selection Of Sustainable Building Materials." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609144/index.pdf.
Full textBaiche, Bousmaha. "Contemporary rural housing built with improved earth-based materials in Algeria." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334407.
Full textCheung, Kenneth Chun-Wai. "Digital cellular solids : reconfigurable composite materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78199.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-119).
Digital materials are comprised of a small number of types of discrete physical building blocks, which assemble to form constructions that meet the versatility and scalability of digital computation and communication systems. This work seeks to demonstrate the applicability of a digital material approach in designing new cellular materials and methods for assembly of structures with static reconfigurability. The science of cellular solids has enabled the widespread use of lightweight materials to meet important engineering needs, such as passive energy absorption, but they are not in widespread use for structural applications, perhaps due to a large gap between the strength and stiffness to weight ratios of popular classical solids, and the performance of known lightweight cellular materials that are produced from the same constituent material. The engineering of fiber reinforced composite materials has enabled structures with large reductions in weight for given strength and stiffness targets, but at very high design and processing costs, and many challenges producing mechanical interfaces (joints). Digital materials promise scalable methods of producing functional things with reconfigurable sets of discrete and compatible parts, but the presence of many reversible connections raises questions about the performance of the end result. Digital Cellular Solids are cellular solids that exhibit improvements in relative stiffness and strength compared to relative density, over current practices for producing lightweight materials. This is accomplished by assembling lattice geometries that perform better than any that we know how to make with traditional methods. When implemented with fiber composites, the result is not only stiffer and stronger than any previously known ultra-light material, but it presents a new scalable and flexible workflow for applying fiber composites to engineering problems.
by Kenneth C. Cheung.
Ph.D.
Zhang, Jinsong 1975. "Modeling VOC sorption of building materials and its impact on indoor air quality." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71107.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 158-162).
Sorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by building materials can have significant effect on the indoor VOC concentration levels and indoor air quality in buildings. The objective of this study was to investigate experimentally the effects of environmental conditions (temperature, humidity and air velocity) on the sorption rate and capacity of three typical types of building materials (carpet, ceiling tile and painted drywall), and to evaluate existing sorption models with experimental data. A small-scale chamber test system has been developed in this study to conduct sorption tests under different environmental conditions. The sorption data collected were analyzed by three different analysis methods: the integration method, the linear Langmuir model method and the diffusion model method. The results of the integration method indicated that for the painted drywall, the differences among different environmental conditions were so small compared with the experimental uncertainties that no statistically significant environmental effect could be observed at 95% confidence level. The sorption of VOCs on ceiling tile decreased with the increase of the air velocity and temperature, but did not change significantly with the relative humidity. The sink strength of benzaldehyde under high humidity was much stronger than any other conditions. The sorption of VOCs on carpet appeared to be a diffusion-controlled process. With the increase of temperature, the diffusion coefficient increased while the partition coefficient decreased. A higher air velocity increased the sink capacity of dodecane on carpet. The relative humidity had no significant effect on the sorption of VOCs on carpet. Based on the model evaluation conducted in this study, the linear Langmuir model appeared to be suitable for painted drywall and ceiling tile while the diffusion model is more suitable for carpet.
by Jinsong Zhang.
S.M.
Huang, Yinwu. "The logic of vernacular materials the relationship of the vernacular materials of wood, earth, stone and lime in Shaxi's vernacular construction system /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42182979.
Full textNovisk, Jason. "Devised architecture : revitalizing the mundane." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003146.
Full textSlevin, Jill Lori. "Materials and Imagination: A Building of Fire and Water." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34519.
Full textAn exploration of the relationship between man and the elements, fire and water, this project futher develops these ideas by way of the imagination. Man's attempt to form further connections with these elements is often seen as an act of humanization. It is, however, these investigations that allow for such intimate relationships between humans and elements.
This project is a fire station that demonstrates the impact fire and water has on man as well as the impact man has on fire and water. Whether the gentle flame of a candle or the ferocious explosions of a volcano, the clear flowing stream or the passionate throes of the ocean, man finds both companionship and challenge in the elements. Man's manipulation of both fire and water enable materials to extend the limit of their properties. It is this control over elements that enables architecture.
Master of Architecture
Shaw, John Henry. "Effects of Fiber Architecture on Damage and Failure in C/SiC Composites." Thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3682976.
Full textCarbon-fiber/SiC-matrix composites are under development for applications in hypersonic vehicles due to their exceptional capabilities at high temperatures. As a subset of these materials, textile-based composites are of particular interest because they offer the possibility of accommodating complex geometries and features in engineering components. Among the numerous obstacles hindering the widespread adoption of these composites, two are addressed in the present work: (i) the incomplete understanding of the influence of textile architecture on thermoelastic properties, damage initiation and failure, and (ii) the lack of robust computational tools for predicting their thermomechanical performance at the appropriate length scales. Accordingly, an experimental study is performed of the thermal and mechanical properties of several prototypical textile C/SiC composites with various fiber architectures. In turn, the experimental results are used to guide the development of computational tools for predicting composite response that explicitly account for fiber architecture.
Textile architecture is found to influence composite response at four length-scales: the panel, the coupon, the tow, and the sub-tow. At the panel scale, distortions to the architecture introduced during weaving or handling of the fabric influence the packing density and the relative rotation of tows. Even when large distortions are intentionally introduced their influence on mechanical response is minimal. At the coupon scale the tow architecture has the largest effects on composite mechanical response. Young's modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and strain to failure are all influenced. Changes in each of these are a function of tow shape, tow anisotropy, and the degree of constraint provided by the matrix. At the tow scale, architecture effects give rise to heterogeneity in measured surface strains under both tensile and thermal loading. Methods for the calibration of tow-scale elastic and thermoelastic properties were developed to enable simulation of these effects with a geometrically-accurate virtual model. Virtual tensile and thermal tests using this model have indicated that interaction between tows has an important influence on local strains. At the sub-tow scale, architecture effects influence the location of matrix cracking. Simulations of the cooling cycle following matrix processing predict that matrix cracks should develop in the matrix above underlying tows due to thermal expansion mismatch between the tows and the matrix. This is consistent with experimental observations. Two methods are presented to extend the virtual tests to explicitly simulate the onset and evolution of these cracks.
Minardi, Lisa M. "Of massive stones and durable materials architecture and community in eighteenth-century Trappe, Pennsylvania /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.51 Mb., 132 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435853.
Full text黃印武 and Yinwu Huang. "The logic of vernacular materials: the relationship of the vernacular materials of wood, earth, stone andlime in Shaxi's vernacular construction system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182979.
Full textTuran, Irmak. "From sink to stock : the potential for recycling materials from the existing built environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106425.
Full text"June 2016." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 88-93).
This thesis examines the prospect for new local recycling schemes for concrete and masonry waste within an existing urban environment. Using Lisbon, Portugal as a case study, I propose three context-specific material recycling scenarios to make use of mineral construction waste generated as city's aging residential building stock is replaced over the next 30 years. The objective of the work is to explore whether the existing stock, as it is overturned, can feed the future built environment and to what degree. What happens to construction waste when obsolete buildings are demolished? In the case of Lisbon, most of it is used as backfill or disposed in landfill. Little of the mineral waste's material value is recovered. Nonetheless, the urban built environment maintains the alluring prospect of being a source for our impending resource needs. The concept of urban mining and the circular economy movement bolster this proposition as a path towards more efficient, localized resource use within cities. I compare the three recycling proposals, along with standard landfill disposal, in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, land use, and cost. The results show that from both an environmental and economic standpoint, recycling is not always the optimal solution. The impacts depend not only on the recycling processes and end uses, but also the avoided and added burdens consequent to changes in the existing system. Through this analysis, I identify both the limiting factors and potential opportunities for improvement in the current paradigm of material use and reuse in construction, in Lisbon and beyond.
by Irmak Turan.
S.M.
Van, den Berg Anton. "Experiencing the middle : an investigation into the experiential qualities of site, space and materials." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17483.
Full textLuo, Jiancheng. "Self-Assembly of Polyoxometalate (POM)-Containing Hybrids: From Amphiphilicity to Architecture." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1428001115.
Full textWojno, Alexandra. "Senses of Darkness: An Exploration of Blind Navigation Through Architecture." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52628.
Full textMaster of Architecture
Vicario, Niko (Nicholas Klein). "Import/export : raw materials, hemispheric expertise, and the making of Latin American art, 1933-1945." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101545.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis. Illustrations on pages 242 to 288 redacted.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 290-313).
Historians have tended to characterize Latin American art either as a self-evident term or as a category designated by U.S. institutions. This dissertation argues instead that artists from the region were agents in shaping this emerging field through their selective cooperation with, and resistance to, the United States' Good Neighbor Policy networks. Artists, haunted by criticisms that art in Latin America was a "cultural import" from Europe, engaged with a U.S. market that treated their art as a source of "exportable prestige." This dissertation analyzes the entanglement of this cultural discourse of import/export with the mechanisms of commerce as a new paradigm for thinking about Latin American art. The period that is the focus of this dissertation-l 933 to 1945-represented a transitional era between Latin America's "export age" (1870-1930) and postwar modernization, import substitution industrialization, and the birth of what would come to be known as developmentalism (desarrollismo). Framed by the Great Depression and by World War II, this "long decade" was coeval with the Good Neighbor Policy, in which the nations of the Americas pledged non-intervention in the hemisphere and more intimate commercial and cultural ties. Through case-studies of Candido Portinari, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Joaquin Torres-Garcia, and Nelson Rockefeller, the dissertation places special emphasis upon the relationship between materiality, raw materials, and import substitution industrialization in analyzing works of art and the networks in which they were mobile.
by Niko Vicario.
Ph. D.
Legault, Réjean. "L'appareil de l'architecture moderne : new materials and architectural modernity in France, 1889-1934." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10774.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (v. 3, leaves 470-517).
This dissertation is an historical inquiry into the role played by new building materials in the formation of architectural modernism in France. It proceeds on the theoretical assumption that a "material" is not a technical given -- a securely defined entity in the physical and linguistic senses -- but an architectural construct whose "inherent properties" are a matter of interpretation. It suggests that within a specific architectural culture, the conceptions and uses of a material are defined by concerns that are not only constructional but involve architectural doctrines, building practices, aesthetic projects, and cultural strategies. Since the publication of Sigfried Giedion's Bauen in Frankreich. Bauen in Eisen. Bauen in Eisenbeton (1928), reinforced concrete has been commonly accepted as the common denominator of French modernism. The dissertation questions this interpretive assumption, focusing on the changing conceptions of the material as an index of transformations in French architecture and architectural culture. It covers a period that spans from the Universal Exhibition of 1889 to the early 1930s, a period which saw the development of reinforced concrete in French architecture, from its emergence within architectural discourses to its inscription within early modernist historiography. Through a close examination of contemporary books and periodicals, unpublished sources, and graphic documents, the dissertation explores the theories and works that framed the critical relationship of new material to French modernism. Inaugurated with the late nineteenth-century demise of metal as the leading material in architectural theory, the preeminence of reinforced concrete in French architecture was marked by the dispersion of rationalist tenets into competing architectural programs. The First World War was a pivotal event in this process. Of principal importance were the positions of Auguste Perret and Le Corbusier. While Perret insisted on continuity with prewar practices, emphasizing the role of craft production, Le Corbusier embraced the rupture brought about by the societe machinique, shifting towards the idea of industrialized construction. These positions were key to the technical and aesthetic definition of the modem house, from the function of the concrete frame to the nature of external revetments. They also led the way to the cultural and ideological debates that ensued on the nationality of the material and the sources of modem architecture. In the late 1920s the return of metal merely underscored the "rhetoric of materials" in the definition of French modernism.
by Réjean Legault.
Ph.D.
Miller, Paul. "Continuity and change in Etruscan domestic architecture : a study of building techniques and materials from 800-500 BC." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11708.
Full textStauffer, Erica F. "Reinterpreting Skins and Systems: Integrating Smart Materials with Traditional Construction." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337715982.
Full textCharlson, Joseph Arons. "Straw insulation materials to address heating fuel requirements, thermal comfort, and natural resource depletion in developing regions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65055.
Full text"February 1997."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 252-253).
In modem society, major stresses are placed on the natural environment in an attempt to make the location comfortable for the human occupants. For many developing regions with cold winters such as northern Pakistan, new building construction has been driven by structural and economic criteria. Thermal comfort can be improved, heating fuel requirements can be reduced, and degradation of the natural environment can be mitigated by improving the thermal performance of these buildings. This thesis presents strong evidence for the benefits of thermal insulation and presents an optimal solution for producing that insulation in a sustainable and cost-competitive manner. Using Polymeric Methylene Diisocyanate as a binder, we were able to develop a formula for low density, structurally sound, straw based insulation board. The fabrication process involves the spraying of isocyanate onto an agricultural furnish of mixed fiber lengths in a rotating drum. The process appears to be one that could be used in developing regions. It is likely that this board can be manufactured well below the cost of competing insulation board products on a unit thermal resistance basis. Forty-one experimental boards were fabricated. The thermal, structural, and economic characteristics of these boards have been tested and analyzed. A formula has been developed for an optimized solution based on binder load, fiber size concentrations, density, and economic cost. The optimal boards meet or exceed all of our product design specifications. The optimal insulation placement scenarios for community-built school buildings are explored through the use of a dynamic building thermal modeling software, SERI-RES. The work described in this thesis provides a strong foundation for moving ahead and improving the thermal performance of the schools. Installation of insulation will improve thermal comfort in schools that continue to be unheated or under-heated. For those schools that are more fully heated, insulation will reduce fuel use at no penalty in thermal comfort. Improved thermal comfort will extend the use of schools in winter and payback periods are of reasonable duration, from two to four years for heated schools.
by Joseph Arons Charlson.
S.M.