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Babangida, Hamza, and Halima Sani Katsina. "INTEGRATING ISLAMIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR ACHIEVING FAMILY PRIVACY IN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE." Journal of Islamic Architecture 5, no. 1 (June 21, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v5i1.4407.
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<p>Islamic Design Principles (IDP) are general guides in the context of the Islamic legal system (Sharia) abstracted for application in the management of the existing Muslim built environment and which could be used for the designing new buildings. Accordingly, they were developed from various Sharia sources among which include the Qur'an and the Hadith, as primary sources. The aim of this paper is to identify Islamic Design Principles which apply to architecture and to use same to demonstrate how they could be applied to achieve family privacy in residential design of the Muslim faithful. The research methodology involved literature search on extant works which identified Islamic Principles and their relevance to residential architecture on one hand and documentation of floor plans of existing houses designed for and occupied by Muslims in Nigeria. A four bedroom duplex among the documented houses was used to demonstrate how family privacy could be achieved using the Islamic Design Principles (IDP) at various design stages such as spatial rearrangement, reorientation, and reconfiguration of functional spaces without compromising global design criteria. In the redesigned floor plans, the design elements that were integrated include those which affected bedrooms, living rooms and other spaces for family interactions to reflect family privacy needs. Overall, the outcome of this paper adds to our understanding of the role the Islamic Design Principles (IDP) could play in no distant future on novel design approaches that support the use of new structural forms, shape and design elements which provides to privacy needs of Muslim faithful as well as satisfy universal design requirements. This paper will find practical implication if it is used as theoretical as well practical support to professionals in designing residences which address specific spiritual values of residents </p>
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Adetoro Adewunmi, Yewande, and Oluwaseun Damilola Ajayi. "Attitudes of Nigerian facilities management professionals to the benefits of benchmarking." Facilities 34, no. 7/8 (May 3, 2016): 468–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-06-2014-0057.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the benefits of benchmarking among Nigerian facilities management (FM) practitioners. Design/methodology/approach Data collection was through semi-structured interviews with 34 FM heads from three selected cities in Nigeria. Of this number, 16 were from Lagos, 10 from Abuja, while 8 managers were from Port Harcourt. These managers were selected using purposive sampling based on their experience in the field of FM across the various sectors of the economy. The interviews were analysed with Nvivo 10 software qualitative computer software so as to reduce manual tasks, discover tendencies and recognize themes on the practice, meaning and benefits of benchmarking. Matrix coding of the Nvivo software was used to distinguish between benefits realized by those that conduct formal and informal benchmarking. Findings The paper found that those that perform informal benchmarking find that the benchmarking tool helps them to improve performance, service quality and their processes. On the other hand, those that perform formal benchmarking affirmed that benchmarking helped them in making strategic plans, striving to be the best in the industry and obtaining explanations for those improvements that are made now and in the near future. Practical implications The results, therefore, suggest that formal benchmarking in Nigeria is needed in performing strategic role in FM, as well as in making good business case agitations. Practitioners also need to know the benefits of benchmarking to improve its usage. Originality/value The paper categorised FM benchmarking benefits. Also, there are limited empirical studies on benchmarking benefits in developing countries.
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Singleton, Rebecca. "Architecture and intellectual property." Architectural Research Quarterly 15, no. 3 (September 2011): 294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135511000893.
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For architects, intellectual property (IP) law is vital. Without it plans, building designs and models would have no value as others could copy them without payment. But what are an architect's rights and how are those rights retained in order to avoid commercial exploitation?The legislation for this area of law comes from the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (CDPA), the Registered Designs Act 1949, the Trade Marks Act 1994 and the Patents Act 1977. IP itself is divided into those rights that are registrable at the Intellectual Property Office (IPO) and those that are not. Rights that must be registered before the work is protected include trademarks, patents and registered designs; IP rights that cannot be registered include copyright and unregistered design rights.
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Okoye, N. B. C. D., I. Onyegiri, and M. Okafor. "Effect of Architectural Design Characteristics Affecting Design Simplicity on Affordability Improvement of Core Housing Schemes." Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/jarms-9p4a2m5s.
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Studies identify that architectural design characteristics affecting design simplicity enhance core housing affordability. Effect of this attribute for affordability improvement, crucial in establishing design strategies for affordable low-cost urban homes, is lacking. Study examined this effect in Anambra State of Nigeria, using mixed method approach (primary data sourced from personal interviews, and questionnaire on 242 sampled residents from a 540 population. Using Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman’s Rank-Order correlation for analysis, all prototypes were found non-affordable, with p-value of 0.000 for significant variation for affordability. Significant relationship, strong and positive (p-value, 0.000; correlation coefficient 0.778), was established between architectural design characteristics affecting design simplicity and affordability. Recommendations for improving core housing affordability include: minimal floor area for initial unit (studio apartments for households earning below N161, 000 monthly, 1-bedroom and 2-bedroom prototypes for those earning between N161, 000 and N200, 000); simple geometric plans; and local building materials for roof covering.
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Agirbas, Asli, and Emel Ardaman. "Macro-scale designs through topological deformations in the built environment." International Journal of Architectural Computing 15, no. 2 (June 2017): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077117714915.
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Design studies are being done on contemporary master-plans which may be applied in many locations worldwide. Advances in information technology are becoming the base model of design studies, and these may be more effective than the efforts of humans in the field of architecture and urban design. However, urban morphology variables and constants must be considered while designing contemporary master-plans in the existing built environment. The aims of this study were to extend the use of computer software for different applications and to make a topological work in the regional context. Accordingly, a case study was made using the nCloth simulation tools to create non-Euclidean forms while protecting the road system, which is one of the constant parameters of urban morphology in the built environment.
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Ghosh, Nabaparna. "MODERN DESIGNS: HISTORY AND MEMORY IN LE CORBUSIER’S CHANDIGARH." Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 40, no. 3 (September 25, 2016): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1210048.
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Located at the foothills of the Sivalik Mountains, Chandigarh was the dream city of independent India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. In 1952, Nehru commissioned the Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier to design Chandigarh. Scholars often locate in Corbusier’s plans an urban modernity that required a break with the past. Moving away from such scholarship, this article will argue that Chandigarh marked a climactic moment in Le Corbusier’s career when he tried to weave together modern architecture with tradition, and through it, human beings with nature. A careful study of the cosmic iconography of Chandigarh clearly reveals that nature for Le Corbusier was more than a vast expanse of greenery: it was organized in symbolic ways, as a cosmic form emblematic of Hindu mythologies. I will argue that in addition to local conditions – economic and cultural – that impacted the actual execution of Le Corbusier’s plans, cosmic iconography shaped a modernism profoundly reliant on Hindu traditions. This iconography also inspired a new generation of Indian architects like Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi (1927 – present). Doshi played a key role in authoring the postcolonial architectural discourse in India. Following Le Corbusier, he advocated an architectural modernism anchored in sacred Hindu traditions.
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WU, MENG-CHIOU, and RUNG-BIN LIN. "FINDING DICING PLANS FOR MULTIPLE PROJECT WAFERS FABRICATED WITH SHUTTLE MASK." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 17, no. 01 (February 2008): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126608004186.
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Multiple project wafers (MPWs) containing different chip designs from many customers serves as an important vehicle for gaining access to advanced semiconductor process technology for prototyping innovative designs or low-volume production. In this paper, a comprehensive study on the methods for determining dicing plans for MPW was carried out. Dicing plans can be used to determine the number of MPWs needed to be fabricated before chip fabrication and employed to saw the wafers after fabrication. Several methods based on integer linear programming formulation and a heuristic based on simulated annealing was proposed. Through conducting experiments with industrial test cases, these proposed methods can achieve up to 50% wafer reduction in some cases and on average 18% and 38% reduction for low- and high-volume production, respectively. This study makes a contribution to MPW dicing and is also instrumental in developing better reticle floorplanning methods.
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Whitaker, Thomas B., M. Bruno Doko, Britt M. Maestroni, Andrew B. Slate, and Bosede F. Ogunbanwo. "Evaluating the Performance of Sampling Plans to Detect Fumonisin B1 in Maize Lots Marketed in Nigeria." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 90, no. 4 (July 1, 2007): 1050–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/90.4.1050.
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Abstract Fumonisins are toxic and carcinogenic compounds produced by fungi that can be readily found in maize. The establishment of maximum limits for fumonisins requires the development of scientifically based sampling plans to detect fumonisin in maize. As part of an International Atomic Energy Agency effort to assist developing countries to control mycotoxin contamination, a study was conducted to design sampling plans to detect fumonisin in maize produced and marketed in Nigeria. Eighty-six maize lots were sampled according to an experimental protocol in which an average of 17 test samples, 100 g each, were taken from each lot and analyzed for fumonisin B1 by using liquid chromatography. The total variability associated with the fumonisin test procedure was measured for each lot. Regression equations were developed to predict the total variance as a function of fumonisin concentration. The observed fumonisin distribution among the replicated-sample test results was compared with several theoretical distributions, and the negative binomial distribution was selected to model the fumonisin distribution among test results. A computer model was developed by using the variance and distribution information to predict the performance of sampling plan designs to detect fumonisin in maize shipments. The performance of several sampling plan designs was evaluated to demonstrate how to manipulate sample size and accept/reject limits to reduce misclassification of maize lots.
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Peng, Kuan-Li, and Chin-Yu Huang. "Reliability Evaluation of Service-Oriented Architecture Systems Considering Fault-Tolerance Designs." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/160608.
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Service-oriented architecture (SOA) provides an elastic and automatic way to discover, publish, and compose individual services. SOA enables faster integration of existing software components from different parties, makes fault tolerance (FT) feasible, and is also one of the fundamentals of cloud computing. However, the unpredictable nature of SOA systems introduces new challenges for reliability evaluation, while reliability and dependability have become the basic requirements of enterprise systems. This paper proposes an SOA system reliability model which incorporates three common fault-tolerance strategies. Sensitivity analysis of SOA at both coarse and fine grain levels is also studied, which can be used to efficiently identify the critical parts within the system. Two SOA system scenarios based on real industrial practices are studied. Experimental results show that the proposed SOA model can be used to accurately depict the behavior of SOA systems. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis that quantizes the effects of system structure as well as fault tolerance on the overall reliability is also studied. On the whole, the proposed reliability modeling and analysis framework may help the SOA system service provider to evaluate the overall system reliability effectively and also make smarter improvement plans by focusing resources on enhancing reliability-sensitive parts within the system.
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Friesen, Hans. "Architektur und Ethik." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 66, no. 6 (January 21, 2019): 805–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dzph-2018-0058.
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Abstract The architect who plans and designs our living environment in town and country can neither think exclusively technologically nor act completely independently. Rather, his designs and actions are always in moral relation to the environment, i. e. to nature and landscape as well as to the city/town or the people who live daily with and within the built space and thus have a kind of effective group affiliation. But to what extent does architecture – in the sense of Hegel’s phrase the “sensuous in the meaningful” – already possess ethical implications?
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Waddell, Gene. "The First Monticello." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 46, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990142.
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Thomas Jefferson became an architect while designing the first Monticello. His first house is one of the best-documented pre-Revolutionary buildings in the United States, and his records reveal why he chose an unusual location, how he used design sources, why he changed his designs during construction, how far he executed his designs, and why he largely destroyed the house. He prepared a series of three basically different but closely related floor plans: the first square, the second rectangular, and the third cruciform. His initial landscape design was to reshape the top of a mountain into a truncated pyramid with terraces. He later redesigned the house for aesthetic, rather than political, reasons.
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Milhous, Judith, and Robert D. Hume. "James Lewis's Plans for an Opera House in the Haymarket (1778)." Theatre Research International 19, no. 3 (1994): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030788330000660x.
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In 1780 James Lewis published the first of two magnificent folios, entitledOriginal Designs in Architecture. The title page explains that it consists of ‘Plans, Elevations, and Sections, for Villas, Mansions, Town-Houses, &c. and a New Design for a Theatre. With Descriptions, and Explanations of the Plates, and an Introduction’. Plates XIX-XXII are for ‘a New Theatre, designed for the Opera’. In fact, the designs are for a new opera house intended to occupy the site on which John Vanbrugh's Queen's/King's Theatre in the Haymarket had stood since 1705. The building would consume all the existing site and much of the surrounding property. Lewis explains the origins of his plans: ‘Our Theatres being upon a very small scale, compared with those of other principal cities in Europe, about two years ago [that is, in 1778] a report prevailed that a New Theatre was intended to be built by subscription, which might serve as well for all Dramatick Performances, as Concerts, Assemblies, Masquerades, &c. And the proprietors of the Opera House intending to purchase several adjoining houses and ground, to render the theatre eligible for the various purposes mentioned, suggested the idea of making a design adapted to the situation of the present Opera House, with the principal front towards Pall Mall’ (p. 12). This grand edifice would be like no other theatre in London.
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Obia, Ajah Ekpeni, and Isaiah Dickson Obot. "The Awareness of Sustainability Principles in the Practice of Architecture in the Developing World: A Survey of South-South Nigeria." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 6 (November 30, 2016): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n6p204.
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Contemporary Nigerian architecture seems to lack the ‘green’ in architecture due mainly to inadequate knowledge of the principles of sustainability; a serious environmental and sustainability problem. The objective of this paper therefore is to examine the degree of the spread of the knowledge of sustainable (green) architecture in the <em>South-South Region</em> of Nigeria. The result shall be used to judge what obtains in Nigeria and by extension, in most developing world countries, especially in Africa, south of the Sahara. This study will also create greater awareness among the practitioners of the profession. The study was done through the questionnaire/interview (technique), which sought to find how much the architects in the south-south of Nigeria knew about sustainable architecture. The analysis involved the use of means and percentages. The results of the analysis show that all the respondents agreed that the application of the principles of green architecture is very important in the practice of architecture in Nigeria, but only 12.5 % have clients who are knowledgeable about sustainability in the practice of architecture, The outcome of the analysis paved way for the conclusion and recommendations that, 1) many architects from Nigeria are yet to practice green architecture; a step they have to take if they must catch up with their counterparts from the developed nations, 2) Nigerian architects should be encouraged to train and retrain in the concepts and application of green architecture, 3) codes for sustainable building and designs should be introduced into building codes for use by all, 4) Governments and private organizations should encourage serious projects and researches on green architecture by providing funds and other necessary logistics.
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Boutros, Ramez. "Dimensions and Proportions in Egypt’s Byzantine Religious Architecture." Journal of the Canadian Society for Coptic Studies 12 (December 3, 2020): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/jcscs.2020.86435971.
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In the study of Egypt’s Byzantine religious architecture, modern scholarship has been focusing essentially on es- tablishing the typology of plans and their relative chronology. Church building activity has also been studied by using the written sources complimented by the archaeological evidence. is abundant Christian archaeological material shows an amazing variety and complexity in church designs. ere is a need of a rationalized analysis of the proportion ratios of the church buildings, and a necessity to focus on the dominant factors dictating its size, the type of its structure, and the quantities of materials used in its construction. e study of geometric shapes and the evolution of their sacred perceptions is yet another interesting facet of this type of architecture. e purpose of this paper is to explore new approaches in studying the proportion ratios and its correlation with the measuring units used in Byzantine church architecture and the existence of any symbolic concepts.
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Sharath Kumar, D. R. V. A., Ch Srinivas Kumar, Ragamayi S., P. Sampath Kumar, K. Saikumar, and Sk Hasane Ahammad. "A test architecture design for SoCs using ATAM method." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp719-727.
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Test arranging is a basic issue in structure on-a-chip (S.O.C) experiment mechanization. Capable investigation designs constrain the general organization check request time, keep away from analysis reserve conflicts, in addition to purpose of restriction control disseminating in the midst of examination manner. In this broadsheet, we absent a fused method to manage a couple of test arranging issues. We first present a system to choose perfect timetables for sensibly evaluated SOC’s among need associations, i.e., plans that spare alluring orderings among tests. This furthermore acquaints a capable heuristic estimation with plan examinations designed for enormous S.O.Cs through need necessities in polynomial occasion. We portray a narrative figuring with the purpose of uses pre-emption of tests to secure capable date-books in favour of SOCs. Exploratory marks on behalf of an educational S-O-C plus a cutting edge SOC exhibit with the aim of capable investigation timetables be able to subsist gained in sensible CPU occasion.
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Yaneva, Albena, and Liam Heaphy. "Urban controversies and the making of the social." Architectural Research Quarterly 16, no. 1 (March 2012): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135512000267.
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On the one hand, architectural knowledge advances very rapidly, with new types of materials and technological innovations entering the field and multiplying architectural invention. On the other hand, urban experts, architects and engineers often debate publicly uncertain urban knowledge and technologies, risky plans and daring designs, polarising opinion - as witnessed on numerous blogs, citizen forums and architecture websites. This radical transformation in building technologies, in the reliance upon experts and in the expansion of architectural networks could have remained practically invisible were it not for the presence of another phenomenon: the digitalisation of architecture and the availability of enormous Internet databases. The digital technologies at our command provide us with abundant resources to follow architectural controversies.
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Oluwatayo, Adedapo Adewunmi, Isidore Ezema, and Akunnaya Opoko. "Development of design expertise by architecture students." Journal of Learning Design 10, no. 2 (March 2, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jld.v10i2.268.
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<p><em>What constitutes design ability and design expertise in architecture? Which categories of</em><em> design expertise can be identified amongst architecture students? And, which factors predict the levels of expertise? These questions are answered in a survey of architecture students in Nigeria. Based on the results, students were classified into novices, advanced beginners, competent and proficient design students. Also identified are five areas of design ability or competency, which include innovation, and knowledge adaptation. The level of expertise of the students predicted their abilities to produce innovative designs and adapt design knowledge. The levels of expertise were determined by students’ use of academic resources, motivation and family support, among others. These areas can be leveraged by educations to enhance development of expertise.</em> <em></em></p>
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Oladiran, Olatunji J. "Innovative Waste Management Through the Use of Waste Management Plans on Construction Projects in Nigeria." Architectural Engineering and Design Management 5, no. 3 (January 2009): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/aedm.2008.0089.
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Carrano, Andres L., Brian K. Thorn, and Guillermo Lopez. "An integer programming approach to the construction of trend-free experimental plans on split-plot designs." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 25, no. 1 (January 2006): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-6125(06)80031-2.
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Eghosa Noel, Ekhaese, and Adeboye Albert Babajide. "Green Agenda: A Socio-Cultural Response to Sick Building Syndrom (SBS) and Building Related Illness (BRI) in African Domestic Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.32.
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Green agenda is a participatory method for developing and implementing local sustainable development strategies and plans with active involvement of different sectors in the local community where the process is conducted. But Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) and Building Related Illness (BRI) are building concerns in African cities, because building designs, materials and styles are alien the culture and climate. The focus of the paper therefore was to deploy sustainability parameters (Green Agenda) to address SBS and BRI in African Domestic Architecture. Taking into consideration the three main aspects of green agenda which includes; identifying local values, process participation and genuinely owned result. The methodology employed was quantitative and qualitative. The findings revealed that the research had addressed the issues of imported design, sick building syndrome and building related illness using sustainability considerations. The study result has shown that the three aspects of local green agenda has socio-cultural nuance in Domestic Architecture that includes the values, beliefs, available materials in the studied community. This pre-supposes that building design necessarily need to have organic content (i.e. it has to be culture specific, socially responsive and environmentally friendly). Organic designs however have proved to be sustainable and also one of the way out of SBS and BRI. Keywords: Green Agenda, Agenda 21, Habitat Agenda, Socio-Cultural, Domestic Architecture, SBS and BRI
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Crunelle, M. "A Problem in Perception: Living in Trapezoidal Spaces." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96p0108.
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In journals devoted to architecture one comes more and more often across plans referring to spaces with vanishing, non-parallel, and split walls and other spaces—banana-shaped or perhaps trapezoidal. With respect to these last ones, I shall refrain from discussing the advantages or drawbacks of such solutions, but shall deal with a real problem inherent in them. Such plans are not new. Trapezoidal rooms can be found in circular or outward radiating designs. A prime example is Maison de la Radio in Paris. There the rooms with non-parallel walls are all parts of a circular annulus. People working in such spaces complain of discomfort they cannot identify. I shall try to put forward an explanation. The discussion will be extended to other, larger trapezoidal spaces—the Modern Art Museum in Frankfurt—and open spaces—Piazza del Campidoglio and Piazza San Pietro in Rome—so as to analyse the consequences of the strange effects of counterperspective.
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Shoked, Noam. "Design and Contestation in the Jewish Settlement of Hebron, 1967–87." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 79, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 82–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2020.79.1.82.
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In Design and Contestation in the Jewish Settlement of Hebron, 1967–87, Noam Shoked explores how this settlement, built on lands Israel captured from Jordan in the Six-Day War of 1967, became a site of both collaboration and confrontation among architects, settlers, and government officials. Working for the government, architects at first sought to mitigate the ambitions of the settlers, but their plans were undermined by unexpected actors, such as amateur archaeologists and volunteer architects, who commandeered their designs. Unearthing the architectural history of the settlement, this article questions the received history of settlement design as the outcome of military strategy and points to the unanticipated ways in which Hebron's religious settlers drew on mainstream architectural culture to fashion their identities.
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Waheed, Mohammed Abbas, Azzad Bader Saeed, and Thanaa Hussein Abd. "Signalling load reduction in 5G network based on cloud radio access network architecture." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 5127. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp5127-5136.
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The rapid growth of both mobile users and application numbers has caused a huge load on the core network (CN). This is attributed to the large numbers of control messages circulating between CN entities for each communication or service request, however, making it imperative to develop innovative designs to handle this load. Consequently, a variety of proposed architectures, including a software defined network (SDN) paradigm focused on the separation of control and data plans, have been implemented to make networks more flexible. Cloud radio access network (C-RAN) architecture has been suggested for this purpose, which is based on separating base band units (BBU) from several base stations and assembling these in one place. In this work, a novel approach to realize this process is based on SDN and C-RAN, which also distributes the control elements of the CN and locates them alongside the BBU to obtain the lowest possible load. The performance of this proposed architecture was evaluated against traditional architecture using MATLAB simulation, and. the results of this assessment indicated a major reduction in signalling load as compared to that seen in the traditional architecture. Overall, the number of signalling messages exchanged between control entities was decreased by 53.19 percent as compared to that seen in the existing architecture.
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Decker, Stephanie. "Solid intentions: An archival ethnography of corporate architecture and organizational remembering." Organization 21, no. 4 (June 8, 2014): 514–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508414527252.
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Research on organizational spaces has not considered the importance of collective memory for the process of investing meaning in corporate architecture. Employing an archival ethnography approach, practices of organizational remembering emerge as a way to shape the meanings associated with architectural designs. While the role of monuments and museums are well established in studies of collective memory, this research extends the concept of spatiality to the practices of organizational remembering that focus on a wider selection of corporate architecture. By analyzing the historical shift from colonial to modernist architecture for banks and retailers in Ghana and Nigeria in the 1950s and 1960s on the basis of documents and photographs from three different companies, this article shows how archival sources can be used to untangle the ways in which companies seek to ascribe meaning to their architectural output. Buildings allude to the past and the future in a range of complex ways that can be interpreted more fully by reference to the archival sources and the historical context of their creation. Social remembering has the potential to explain why and how buildings have meaning, while archival ethnography offers a new research approach to investigate changing organizational practices.
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Zakariyya, Sikiru Olayinka. "Design of a Bimodal Home Automation System using ESP8266 and ATMEGA328 Microcontroller." Computer Engineering and Applications Journal 6, no. 3 (October 21, 2017): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18495/comengapp.v6i3.220.
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Home automation systems are garnering increasing popularity and widespread use due to the relative ease of domestic management and comparatively high return on technology investment tied to its adoption. However, Nigeria and other emerging ICT economies are yet to fully actualize and maximize the inherent potential of these smart home technologies due to endemic challenges associated with poor infrastructure, erratic power supply and unreliable Internet connectivity. These challenges necessitate an innovative paradigmatic shift that could provide a pragmatic technological solution suitable to the context of Nigeria and other developing climes. For most smart home systems in this research context, the status quo is based on choosing whether the design would be for short- or long-range communication network. Short-range designs which are usually realized with Bluetooth technology suffer from limited range issues while poor connectivity, bandwidth and latency issues are some of the problems plaguing Wi-Fi-based long-range designs. Consequently, this research presents a hybrid adaptive architecture that combines desirable features of both short- and long-range modes. The proposed smart home system is based on using embedded systems which use mobile application to send messages to ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. Together with notifications received from the monitoring unit, these messages are parsed by Arduino's ATMEGA328 microcontroller from where instruction codes are sent for controlling the load by switching ON or OFF various relays connected to the load.
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Danielisz, Dóra. "Spatial Formation in 16-19th Century Calvinist Church Architecture: The Calvinist Churches of Sepsiszék." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 48, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.10608.
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One of the less-known and less researched regions of the Carpathian Basin is Sepsiszék, which as part of Háromszék County, was one of Greater Hungary’s southeastern frontier-guard areas. After the Reformation, the population of the region became almost exclusively the followers of one of the Protestant tendencies with Calvinism gathering the most members. Due to the location of the area, Sepsiszék and its vicinity – the former territory of the county - is home to Europe’s easternmost Protestant communities to this day. Thanks to the unique cultural, religious and social environment, the unique development of local church designs notably enriches the history of Protestant religious architecture.The survey documentation of the area’s 32 Calvinist churches along with the schematic analysis of architectural history was carried out during the summer of 2015. The central question of the research was how did the assessed churches accommodate the spatial demands of the new liturgy, and what tendencies can be identified regarding the shaping of the space. The interior layout, galleries, additions to the buildings, the proportions in the floor plans and spatial ratios will be the topics through which these questions will be answered. After tracing the locally observable main characteristics of Protestant spatial formation, similarities with Hungarian and international examples will also be explored.
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Tulić, Damir, and Mario Pintarić. "Io Antonio Michelazzi Architetto di professione. Nepoznati majstorovi projekti i nacrti za Krk, Omišalj, Senj, Karlobag i Rijeku." Ars Adriatica 9 (February 28, 2020): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.2927.
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The article brings twelve unknown designs and projects of Rijeka’s sculptor and altar maker Antonio Michelazzi (Gradisca d’Isonzo, 1707 – Rijeka, 1771). The earliest two designs, dating from 1750 and linked to the island of Krk, are today preserved at the Archivio di Stato in Venice. One is a ground plan and assessment of a public ruin in the town of Krk, and the other a panoramic view of the Omišalj bay. A newly discovered document clarifies Michelazzi’s commissioning by the Trieste administration in charge of Rijeka, Senj, and Karlobag, since Empress Maria Theresa appointed him the imperial-royal architect in 1755. In that capacity, Michelazzi worked on a dozen plans and projects for public works in Senj and Karlobag during 1757 and 1758. He drew a map of Senj with a project for modernizing the city port and its defence against stormy winds. A particularly important project was his plan to redirect the stream that ran through the town into the harbour of Senj, for which he designed a new riverbed. There were also projects for prisons in the citadel, a health office, a slaughterhouse, and butcher shops. In Karlobag, he made a project for the renovation of the citadel, butcher shops, a new cistern, and a public administrative-residential building on the main town square. His last design and project was a new slaughterhouse with butcher shops in Rijeka in 1770. Although most of Michelazzi’s designs were never put in practice because of the lack of finances, the designs published here are the first of this kind in his known oeuvre, which will certainly grow further, since he was also involved in architecture besides sculpture and altar making.
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Morrison, Tessa, and Mark Rubin. "DO UTOPIAN CITY DESIGNS FROM THE SOCIAL REFORM LITERATURE OF THE SEVENTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES RESONATE WITH A MODERN AUDIENCE?" Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 40, no. 1 (April 6, 2016): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1163244.
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Utopian cities from social reform literature from the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries were a serious attempt to improve living and working conditions of their time. Some of this literature included a design for a city that would be complimentary to and enhance the political philosophy of the respective authors. Four of the most famous works which include a plan of a city are, Tommaso Campanella’s Civitas Solis (City of the Sun) (1602), Johann Valentin Andreae’s Christianopolis (1619), Robert Owen’s Villages of Co-operation (1817 & 1830) and James Silk Buckingham’s Victoria (1849). These works are frequently featured in literature on utopian cities. However, no consideration is given to whether these ‘utopian’ cities have any value as urban plans or whether they incorporate any desirable urban features. These urban designs of the city are significant to political philosophies because the cities are presented as being integral to such philosophies. This paper considers the following questions: ‘Do the main principles behind the initial political philosophies and their coinciding plan endure within the design of these cities?’ ‘Does a modern audience perceive in these cities the features that made them utopian in the centuries in which they were planned?’
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Martínez Olea, Aleymar. "The draughtsman of architecture and engineering in the naval, maritime and fluvial industry of Cartagena." Ciencia y tecnología de buques 12, no. 24 (April 8, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.179.
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Careers and industry tend to go hand in hand with the references that are formed throughout their history, but there are careers hidden from them, without demeriting their importance in their process and growth. The Architectural and Engineering Draughtsmen are professional technologists who are active in the Naval Industry and little is referred to them as an associated profession. However, for all those who are immersed in this industry, the work they perform and their recognition in supporting the achievement of projects in the different design and construction stages is very clear. What is really worth highlighting in them, is the growth and evolution they have taken in this industry.The times when the draughtsman transcribed ideas into drawings and plans is on the verge of extinction. Today, trained personnel is required and available to develop virtual models giving characteristics associated with the properties of each element and its integration into the total function of the project. These technologists have the experience and specific knowledge in the industry, and become the right hand of designers, engineers and builders, to develop designs from their basic stage to the closure of projects, with the confidence that they can receive alarms and ideas that make possible the completion of each job. For this reason, they take the name of designers or modelers according to the particular case of the company for which they work.
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Shanken, Andrew M. "The Fair that Never Was." California History 93, no. 1 (2016): 4–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2016.93.1.4.
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The unbuilt proposals for the 1939 San Francisco World's Fair offer a cross section of designs put before the public in a formative moment just before modernism came to dominate architectural discourse and production. Projects by luminaries Bernard Maybeck and Richard Neutra joined projects by Joseph Strauss and Henry Killam Murphy. Here were architectural hopefuls at the nadir of the Great Depression attempting to draw their way into the commission of a lifetime. Thus, a Beaux-Arts bohemian competed with a sincere modernist, a self-promoting engineer, and America's leading practitioner in China. At the same time, the proposals were part of the larger economic and political landscape of San Francisco, as neighborhood associations and politicians used them to attract the fair to their part of the city. More than pie in the sky, these designs show in amplified form the way architecture is embedded in public discourse as a form of persuasion, a kind of politics by other means through which elites and other stakeholders argued for their preferred reality. As tools of intra-urban boosterism, these plans reveal the competing interests within San Francisco at a pivotal moment in its development, when its future lay in the formation of a regional metropolis that could compete with Los Angeles for commerce on the West Coast and beyond.
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Litvack, Leon B. "An Auspicious Alliance: Pugin, Bloxam, and the Magdalen Commissions." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 49, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990474.
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This article forms the sequel to "The Balliol that Might Have Been: Pugin's Crushing Oxford Defeat" (JSAH, XLV, 1986, 358-373). That study showed that Augustus W. N. Pugin (1812-1852) was prevented from carrying out his plans for renovating Balliol College, Oxford, because of his somewhat singular views and oppressive nature, combined with the prevailing sentiments against Roman Catholics in the University. The present study surveys the history of the two small commissions that Pugin was granted: the Magdalen College gateway and the Church of St. Lawrence, Tubney (the only Anglican church Pugin ever built). In both cases Pugin was appointed as architect through the benevolence of Dr. John Rouse Bloxam, in appeasement for the failures at Balliol. Pugin executed the designs in secrecy and with extraordinary speed, thereby hoping to avoid criticism or scandal, in an effort to erect a small monument to himself in Oxford, his "city of spires," which he hoped could serve as the model for the 19th-century Gothic revival in England.
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Akalın, Aysu, Kemal Yıldırım, Çiğdem Yücel, and Can Güngör. "User Interventions in Turkish Mass Housing." Open House International 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2007-b0009.
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The intent and aim of the research was to look at a particular house type i.e. a terraced house with four floors, which is one of the popular designs commonly used in the last ten years in mass housing projects in Turkey. There are four alternatives of the type related with the cross-sectional relationship with the ground floor level. Emphasis was placed upon the "semi-cellar type" assuming that even though the level of residential satisfaction gradually increases with the possibility of interpreting the use of the open-plan floor space, and by proposing new design elements to create more adaptable and flexible spaces, the users may still experience dissatisfaction with designs where the space cannot be revised. With the use of a questionnaire, participants judged their own house as a whole and evaluated its uses for different functions and activities, complained in respect of changes required, and finally outlined their plans for the future. Despite the high level of satisfaction with having a garden (a unique characteristic in apartment-saturated Ankara), the aspect of dissatisfaction mostly referred to was the kitchen-garden relationship (or lack thereof). The residents, especially the older ones, were generally dissatisfied with the multi-storey design of their house. They prefer to remain on the backyard level without changing floors in different seasons. Besides, the users spending the longest time in the house complained more than the others and the people spending variable time in the house stated that they preferred to change the floors in different seasons. As compared to larger families, the smaller families were more likely to change floors.
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Schmidt, Leo. "Holkham Hall: An Architectural ‘Whodunnit’." Architectural History 58 (2015): 83–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00002598.
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Horace Walpole had to put his oar in. ‘How the designs of that house [Holkham], which I have seen an hundred times in Kent’s original drawings, came to be published under another name, and without the slightest mention of the real architect, is beyond my comprehension’. Indeed, The Plans, Elevations, and Sections, of Holkham in Norfolk, The Seat of the Late Earl of Leicester had been published by Matthew Brettingham senior (1699–1769) ten years earlier (1761) without any mention of William Kent (c. 1685–1748). But Walpole’s well-publicised remark completely turned the scales, establishing Kent as the creator and architect of this intriguing work (built 1734-64), which is seen by many as the beau idéal of Anglo-Palladian architecture (Fig. 1).An alternative view of Holkham’s genesis has seen the patron, Thomas Coke, later Earl of Leicester, as the driving force in the creation of the house and its setting — a view confirmed by a great number of drawings and letters discovered since the 1980s. But a ‘reassessment’, recently published in this journal, has now cast doubt on such a conclusion and has attempted to re-establish Kent as Holkham’s architect.
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Pereira, Antonio Gualberto, and Luís Eduardo Afonso. "Automatic enrollment and employer match: an experiment with the choice of pension plans." Revista de Gestão 27, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rege-07-2019-0077.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify arrangements of fully funded defined contribution (FF-DC) pension plans associated with the continuity of retirement savings.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopted an experimental design composed of a control group and two treatment groups. In all groups, individuals made decisions throughout nine periods: five during the working period and four at the postretirement stage. The authors asked participants if they wanted to join a pension plan, and which plan. The authors offered three plans with different risk profiles: plan 1 (high risk), plan 2 (moderate) and plan 3 (low risk) and one risk-free plan, plan 4. In treatment groups 1 and 2, there was an automatic enrollment of the participants in the default plan (moderate risk), and in the following periods they had to decide whether to continue contributing, and in this case, to which plan, with a defined percentage.FindingsIn treatment scenarios, participants chose the riskiest plan in all periods of the experiment, and most of them chose the risk-free plan in period 5. These findings suggest that pension plans with automatic enrollment, employer matching and low risk foster the continuation of retirement savings.Research limitations/implicationsThe research has as limitation the fact that the sample is not representative of the population and therefore does not allow generalizations. This is because the authors use social media ads to prospect respondents.Practical implicationsThe research's findings can be relevant for the design of public policies for private pension plans, suggesting that compulsory automatic enrollment can be used as default in plans offered by the employers. The results encourage the inclusion of behavioral elements in the design of the pension system, paying attention to the nudges. In this sense, it is possible to increase participation in the pension plan and develop low cost programs to increase the amount accumulated by people before retirement.Social implicationsDecision-making architecture, such as automatic enrollment, can improve individuals' retirement decisions, affecting savings and welfare in the long run.Originality/valueAlthough the effect of pension plan designs is widely studied in other countries, such as the United States and United Kingdom, the authors are unaware of a national empirical research that seeks to understand how different arrangements affect an individual choice through an experiment.
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L.E. Asuelime, Legend, and Raquel A. Asuelime. "Media Jihad Conundrum in Nigeria: A Review of Military-Media Relations vis-à-vis Boko Haram." Journal of African Films & Diaspora Studies 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2516-2713/2021/4n2a1.
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The purpose of this paper is to explore the conundrum in military-media relations in Nigeria with regards to access and dissemination of strategic and tactical information that impacts counterterrorism efforts. Is there a line between media responsibility to report and the gathering and dissemination of strategic and tactical military information not meant for public consumption but filters to terrorists who are also members of the 'public'? Most times, such publications potentially afford Boko Haram terrorists prior notice of military plans, giving them early warnings that compromise military counter offensive. The paper is based on a study of academic and grey literature, official documents and journalistic coverage. The paper concludes that the Nigerian security forces have tried and failed to clamp down on tactical and strategic information in media reports that compromise its counterterrorism efforts in Nigeria – therefore the state should consider adopting Sri Lankan consequentialist approach to the existential problem. To address this conundrum, it is recommended that the Nigerian authority and its military architecture should adopt a State Consequential Approach on Terrorism and media issues; re-invent its Strategic Communication; Re-establishment of security and intelligence coordination; Develop an image recovery plan by raising quality standards, seek foreign support, and enact terrorism-related media legislations.
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DERAZGISOU, SeyedAli, Romualdas BAUSYS, and Rima FAYAZ. "COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMIZATION OF HOUSING COMPLEXES FORMS TO ENHANCE ENERGY EFFICIENCY." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 24, no. 3 (May 25, 2018): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2018.1678.
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This study aimed to consider the field of energy saving in architectural design utilizing computer analysis and calculation. In this analysis, architecture design with an approach to optimizing energy consumption in the design of individual units, complex plan sites, and apartment sets using a computer was studied. Parameters affecting this research include the geometry of units, the arrangement and location relationship of buildings, and the form and height of apartment units. Different plans were produced by utilizing the initial plan of the designer and changing some aspects of it approved by the architectural design using the parametric modeling technique. Utilizing similar logic and a shift in the arrangement of buildings on the site, a variety of options were produced. By selecting existing and pre-designed plans, the optimal form was produced by computer. After computer-simulating each option, the energy analysis process was started for each building design. In the optimization process for each of the three designs, a genetic algorithm was used to achieve the optimal solution. After accomplishing the various stages of optimization, the final option compared with the initial design had reductions in energy consumption of 21% in plan design, 2% in site plan design, and 26% in apartment units form design. It should be noted that the processes of simulation and optimization were performed in the context of a continuous algorithm and by utilizing parametric tools that reduced the duration of this process.
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Zhukova, Oksana, and Simon Bell. "The krushchkevka and the dom kultura: urban lifestyles in a rural setting." SHS Web of Conferences 63 (2019): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196308001.
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Collectivisation in the Soviet Union, including the Baltic States, involved many aspects related to living conditions and architecture. One of the dominant images of village centres in Estonia and Latvia is that of the standardised urban forms of blocks of flats and other buildings such as schools and administrative buildings. On collectivisation, new village centres arose, promising “Urban lifestyles in a rural setting”. There are very few designs for blocks of flats – standardisation came in with Krushchev and the first generation of flats built of white brick became known as Krushchevki. Alongside these were buildings to serve as places where the new Soviet cultural activities could take place – the Dom Kultura which, in contrast to the standard flats, was often of a special one-off design. These can often be found to be abandoned and derelict nowadays, since they have no function and represented the Soviet regime. The objective of this study was to examine the plans and initial proposals for several kolkhoz centres and, using computer aided-design, to recreate 3D models of the building ensemble as it was originally planned, to compare this to what was actually built and to what remains now and the extent to which they are still used. We found that while the standard flats were built according to plan, external landscape features were often omitted. The unique designs of the culture houses often contained many interesting Modernist or even post-modernist features but changed during construction and were often built of poor materials and finishes. They were vandalised, robbed of materials and are now abandoned in many cases. Their architects often went on to make a post-Soviet career and there is considerable interest in their designs. They represent a lost legacy of the period.
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Schoenefeldt, Henrik. "Adapting Glasshouses for Human Use: Environmental Experimentation in Paxton’s Designs for the 1851 Great Exhibition Building and the Crystal Palace, Sydenham." Architectural History 54 (2011): 233–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00004068.
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When the horticulturist Joseph Paxton first published his proposal to house the 1851 Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations inside a glasshouse of enormous scale at Hyde Park, London, the scheme was praised as a more practical alternative to an earlier idea that had been put forward by the Royal Commission for the Great Exhibition’s own Building Committee. However, the feasibility of Paxton’s idea soon became the subject of concern. The use of glasshouses for the cultivation of plants was well established, but could this type of building now be adapted to the task of accommodating artefacts? Could it also provide visitors to the Exhibition with a comfortable environment? A particular worry was the issue of cooling, given that the Exhibition was to take place in summer. Prospective exhibitors anxiously made reference to the hot and humid conditions inside greenhouses such as the Palm House at Kew Gardens and the Conservatory at Regent’s Park, and they criticized Paxton’s idea as a risky experiment. Paxton did not ignore the challenge. He pointed out that his design incorporated shading devices, provision for evaporative cooling and natural ventilation, all of which were intended to maintain comfortable temperatures on hot days. He argued that his proposals had been informed by his previous experience with conservatory design, claiming that he had validated the effectiveness of his ventilation and cooling strategy through smalls-cale experiments at Chatsworth House. That Paxton’s plans were accepted and realized was largely due to good fortune. His design was considered to be the only one that could be constructed in time for the opening of the exhibition, which had already been advertised internationally. The Executive Committee, however, requested that conditions inside the building be carefully monitored. In effect, the Great Exhibition Building at Hyde Park became a significant early experiment in what would now be termed ‘environmental design’ (Fig. 1).
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Immonen, Visa, and Janne Harjula. "Something Distinct, or Business as Usual? Interpreting the Plan of the Late Medieval Bridgettine Monastery in Naantali, Finland." Religions 12, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12060432.
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This article analyses modern interpretations of the medieval plan of the Bridgettine Monastery of Naantali, Finland. Instead of seeing the distinct spatial organisation as deviation from the Bridgettine norm, we consider it as an expression of a medieval process, by which monastic principles were re-conceptualised in order to be realised in material form. This perspective builds on the shift in thinking that has taken place in the study of medieval urban planning. Instead of being ‘organic’, meaning disorganised, medieval urban development has come to be considered as intentional, guided by general principles, although not in a manner that is always obvious to the modern mind. We concur that models such as St Bridget’s visions and the plan of Vadstena Abbey are important tools for reconstructing medieval monastic plans. Meanwhile, we propose that such models can also add latent and counterproductive baggage to this field of study by encouraging modern expectations of regularity within monastic architecture. If the designs of monasteries do not follow such models perfectly, discrepancies are often erroneously misconceived as indications of the builders’ insufficient skills and knowledge.
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Ayoosu, Moses Iorakaa, Yaik-Wah Lim, Pau Chung Leng, and Olusegun Moses Idowu. "Daylighting Evaluation and Optimisation of Window to Wall Ratio for Lecture Theatre in the Tropical Climate." Journal of Daylighting 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2021.2.
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A base case model is a more potent dose for applied research; the passive architectural design for sustainability requires optimised experiments. However, experimenting with physical developments require construction and deconstruction until they achieved the optimal scenario. These wastes resources and time; hence, base models' development as useful instruments in the optimisation design process is desirable. Lecture theatres in universities have no specific design model whereby optimising one may not apply to the other. Therefore, this research evaluated a base model for lecture theatre regarding spatial configuration, daylighting potentials, and optimised window-to-wall ratio (WWR) for tropical daylighting. A study of ten existing lecture theatres in eight universities within eight states in Nigeria's hot-humid climate was analysed descriptively for the base model. The study employed Simulations with IES-VE software. The daylighting performance analysis adopted the daylighting rule of thumb, daylight factor, work plane illuminance (WPI), and WPI ratio. The results show that a typical lecture theatre in the study area has a dimensional configuration of 12×20 m floor plan, 6 m ceiling height, and a window wall ratio (WWR) of 13%. In the deduced base model, 4H was required for adequate daylighting against the thumb's 2.5 H daylighting rule. The research concludes a low window-wall ratio with poor daylighting quality and quantities in the base model; therefore, it implies that the daylighting was not a criterion in the designs. However, the experiment revealed a progression in daylighting performance with an increase in WWR from the base case until 30% WWR. Beyond that, there was a decline in the daylighting performance. Therefore, 30% WWR was optimal for daylighting performance in lecture theatre retrofitting within the tropical climate.
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Kallis, Aristotle. "Futures Made Present: Architecture, Monument, and the Battle for the ‘Third Way’ in Fascist Italy." Fascism 7, no. 1 (May 5, 2018): 45–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116257-00701004.
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During the late 1920s and 1930s, a group of Italian modernist architects, known as ‘rationalists’, launched an ambitious bid for convincing Mussolini that their brand of architectural modernism was best suited to become the official art of the Fascist state (arte di stato). They produced buildings of exceptional quality and now iconic status in the annals of international architecture, as well as an even more impressive register of ideas, designs, plans, and proposals that have been recognized as visionary works. Yet, by the end of the 1930s, it was the official monumental stile littorio – classical and monumental yet abstracted and stripped-down, infused with modern and traditional ideas, pluralist and ‘willing to seek a third way between opposite sides in disputes’, the style curated so masterfully by Marcello Piacentini – that set the tone of the Fascist state’s official architectural representation. These two contrasted architectural programmes, however, shared much more than what was claimed at the time and has been assumed since. They represented programmatically, ideologically, and aesthetically different expressions of the same profound desire to materialize in space and eternity the Fascist ‘Third Way’ future avant la lettre. In both cases, architecture (and urban planning as the scalable articulation of architecture on an urban, regional, and national territorial level) became the ‘total’ media used to signify and not just express, to shape and not just reproduce or simulate, to actively give before passively receiving meaning. Still, it was the more all-encompassing and legible coordinates of space and time in the ‘rooted’ modernism of the stile littorio that captured and expressed a third-way mediation between universality and singularity and between futural modernity and tradition better than the trenchant, inflexible anti-monumentalism of the rationalists.
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Zherdiev, V. "The First Church of Russian Emigration in Berlin: The Fate of the Masterpiece." Vìsnik Harkìvsʹkoi deržavnoi akademìi dizajnu ì mistectv 2021, no. 1 (February 2021): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33625/visnik2021.01.095.
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This article dwells upon the tragic history of the architecturally unique Russian Community House with a church. It was built by the design of an architect Nikolai Vasilyev (1875–1958). The presentation of the material in the article begins with the history of the Orthodox embassy house churches in Berlin. Despite the long historical and matrimonial ties between Russian and Prussian Reigning Royal Houses, there was no separate capital Orthodox church edifice in Berlin. The rector of the embassy church A. Maltsev advocated the construction of it, but the First World War interfered with the plans to build a new Orthodox church in Berlin. However, the increase of the Orthodox community after 1917 at the expense of the emigrants made the construction of a new church edifice even more essential. The design was developed by N. Vasilyev. Considering the need to create a multifunctional building, which should be located among a dense urban development and blend in style with the neighboring buildings, the architect embodied his old designs for monastery structures in the Neo-Russian style, carrying the idea of the “Temple-Castle” (designs of the Metochions of Kalyazinsky Alexander Nevsky Monastery and Feodorovsky Gorodetsky Monastery in St. Petersburg). The building, which included premises for various purposes, was crowned with a church in the spirit of Novgorod ecclesiastical architecture with an open gallery for processions. This unique architectural monument suffered a sad fate – the building was sold for debts and bought by German Labor Front (DAF). The former community house was a subject of a complete reconstruction in accordance with the plans for the administrative development of the district. However, a plot of land was allocated to the Russian community for the construction of a new church edifice, which was consecrated in 1938, but that new church was no longer as interesting and unique from an architectural point of view as the first temple. Thanks to the analysis of archival materials it was found out that the reconstruction was not completed and the former community house survived in its original form (only the domes were dismantled) during the Second World War. The building was converted to a hotel only in the late 1950s or early 1960s.
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Sauge, Birgitte. "Arkitektur og utstillinger som berører. En studie av nyere basisutstillinger i norske kunst- og kunstindustrimuseer." Nordlit, no. 36 (December 10, 2015): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.3695.
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<p>The intention with this article is to describe current exhibition practices at some Norwegian fine art- and design museums and to relate these practices to the visitors and their experiences, by comparing data concerning the plans and interior designs of gallery rooms and the organization of the displays.</p><p>This investigation is based on data from a survey of 19 permanent exhibitions in 12 fine arts and design museums, conducted in 2011–12; the Norwegian museum architecture and museum displays with its more than 100 year old traditions; and Charlotte Klonk’s book <em>Spaces of Experience: Art Gallery Spaces from 1800–2000</em>.</p><p>The survey shows that the purpose built museums to a large extent have kept their original layout and the organization of rooms. The non-purpose built museums tend to imitate the museums from the 1800s, within the limits of their given architecture. Different types of specially designed rooms are found in all buildings, regardless of age and purposes. Regarding the organization of displays, the most frequent principle is a combination of historically chronological types and themes. Almost as frequent are strictly historical chronological displays and thematic displays without any historical narrative.</p><p>Hence, the comparisons reveal that there are no fixed patterns regarding the historical types and the conventions concerning the relationship between the museum architecture and organization of the displays, which lead to the conclusion that today there is no general curatorial strategy in Norwegian fine art- and design museums with regard to the visitors’ experiences.</p>
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Wright, Richard L., Abi Gleek, Nora Bergin, R. Algy Williams, and Sohail Agha. "Using ‘Theories of Change’ and responsive feedback to design a digital service business for patent and proprietary medicine vendors in Nigeria." Gates Open Research 3 (June 13, 2019): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13028.1.
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In a paper titled “Responsive feedback: Towards a new paradigm to enhance intervention effectiveness”, Viswanath et al. argue that dominant models of intervention design do not account for the complexity and unpredictability of implementation challenges. Particularly in the behavioural sciences, intervention designs need to consider many factors that will be uncertain, or unknown, at the beginning of a new project. This letter describes how we were able to respond to feedback during the design phase of a proof-of-concept project to create a digital service business for Nigerian patent and proprietary medicine vendors (PPMVs). Our approach was to create an initial ‘Theory of Change’ (ToC) based on a similar project with Kenyan shopkeepers. This ToC was revised following user feedback and a landscape analysis with key stakeholders. The new ToC required us to access additional funding to create a ‘digital ordering’ facility for the PPMVs. Digital ordering provides a mechanism whereby we can reduce the prevalence of counterfeit medicines, offer the PPMVs credit and group-buying facilities, and reduce supply chain costs through co-distribution with fast-moving consumer goods. An important learning point was that while our focus was on designing a platform to meet users’ needs, changes in regulation meant that we spent considerably more time than anticipated meeting the needs of multiple stakeholders. However, the importance of ensuring stakeholders’ continued buy-in cannot be underestimated and has likely increased the sustainability of the project in the longer term. As Viswanath et al. suggest, for responsive approaches to be widely adopted needs more flexibility than exists in current funding models and project plans. Both funding bodies and grantees will need to be more responsive to feedback coming from the field.
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Funmilayo Mokunfayo, Adedire, Adebamowo Michael, and lweka Anthony. "TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN LAGOS PERI-URBAN." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 24, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap2412018_2.
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This research examines the typological analysis of housing development in the peri-urban settlements of Lagos State, Nigeria. Case study methodology was adopted, using random sampling to select housing developments under different housing initiatives, in purposely selected peri-urban settlements in Ibeju-Lekki Local Government Area of Lagos State. Primary data collection was from survey questionnaires, direct observations and in-depth interviews administered to household heads in the case study area. Data analysis was done using descriptive statics to generate frequencies, percentages, cross tabulations of the variables. Findings showed different housing typologies under three categories: owner occupied, part rental and full rental housing. Housing typologies in the study area were influenced by different housing initiatives, and the socio-economic attributes of the residents revealed a heterogeneous mix of the population in terms of culture, literacy level and household size. Based on the research findings it is recommended that the residents' socio-demography should be put into consideration in building typology designs, to enhance effective user performance in peri-urban housing development under diverse housing development schemes in Lagos State. Keywords: Peri-Urban, Housing Typology, Architecture, Socio-Demography, Housing Initiatives
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Balmori, Diana. "Cranbrook: The Invisible Landscape." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 53, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 30–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990808.
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As a study of the landscape of the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, this essay has three objectives: to make visible a previously unacknowledged landscape, to define its relationship to the image of Cranbrook as a whole, and to begin an exploration of the ways in which a landscape draws us into a bond of affection with it. This study is the first to identify landscape designers at Cranbrook and to explore the importance of their design to the institution that was the most successful and long-lived of Arts and Crafts manifestations in America. It thus gives particular attention to the landscape ideas of the Arts and Crafts movement, as this was the last major aesthetic movement to value the art of landscape. Influenced by the principles of this movement, publisher George C. Booth founded Cranbrook in 1925, envisioning a combination school, studio, and art colony, where artists together could develop an integrated design practice. Under the influence of Arts and Crafts, landscape had a very early, critical role at Cranbrook and was part of the vision for the institution. But the later history of Cranbrook shows the decline of landscape as an art, a loss of scope and vision, especially as the Arts and Crafts aesthetic waned and that of the modern movement emerged. The study gives attention to this decline; the observation of how this happened at Cranbrook provides some clues as to the overall diminution of landscape in the twentieth century, a decline heretofore noted, but not explained. The essay begins with the recollection of a personal experience that is critical to the author's interest in the Cranbrook site and to an understanding of the exploration of our connections to landscape. Visits to the site and the use of the resources of the Cranbrook Archives (the papers of George Booth, designs, plans, photographs, and writings by the Cranbrook landscape practitioners) have made it possible to give visibility to the Cranbrook landscape and to allow an assessment of the landscape's relationship to the larger institution.
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Gardzińska, Anna. "Application of Terrestrial Laser Scanning for the Inventory of Historical Buildings on the Example of Measuring the Elevations of the Buildings in the Old Market Square in Jarosław." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2021-0030.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technology is increasingly used in surveying, construction and architecture. The potential of the data obtained by this method creates the possibility of its versatile application also in conservation and revitalization of monuments, archaeology or history. The use of this technology during the creation of architectural documentation of a historic building greatly facilitates the acquisition of comprehensive information about its actual condition in a fast, non-invasive and very precise manner. Thanks to digital technology, it also creates the possibility to accurately interpret the condition of an object and present its model in a virtual space. This technology provides the ability to transfer acquired image elements with high accuracy of their mapping to plans and designs prepared by architects and contractors. It is also possible to maintain high technical standards in the processes aimed at the preparation of the required graphical studies, thanks to the use of the point cloud obtained in TLS. One of the most important advantages of using this measurement method is the possibility of combining it with data from e. g. from photogrammetric tools, which gives the possibility to fill in the missing elements creating a more complete picture of the needed data. This paper presents the implementation of terrestrial laser scanning technology as a non-invasive method for the modelling of walls and buildings of the so-called “greenfield”. Revers BIM on the example of the measurement of the facades of the buildings of the old market in Jarosław. This technology allows for preparation of precise architectural documentation including: projections, sections, elevation views, 3D models or multimedia visualizations. The use of TLS for cultural heritage research also enables the preparation of fully complete documentation for conservation and restoration works aimed at maintaining the current state of monuments or even at reconstructing their damaged architectural elements.
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Licht, Meg. ""I Ragionamenti"-Visualizing St. Peter's." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 44, no. 2 (May 1, 1985): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990024.
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Thirteen architectural drawings by four architects-Bramante, Baldassare Peruzzi, Giuliano da Sangallo, and Antonio da Sangallo the Younger-all dating from the period between early 1505 to 18 April 1506, all except one in the Gabinetto dei Disegni e Stampe of the Uffizi, and all connected with the earliest proposals for the new St. Peter's, are examined to establish their authorship and date and the exact sequence in which they were executed. Beyond that, the chronological alignment of the drawings enables us to follow the process of visualizing and creating a building of an unprecedented type and an extraordinary scale. The ground plans of several small-scale prototypes-such as the Audience Hall of the Piazza d'Oro at Hadrian's Villa, the Oratorio of Santa Croce (a tiny 2nd- or 5th-century structure that stood near the Lateran Baptistery until the end of the 16th century), and the 9th-century San Satiro in Milan-are combined with elements of larger-scale prototypes such as San Lorenzo in Milan and the cathedrals of Milan, Pavia, and Florence in the search for a plan and elevation that are both spacious and structurally sound, that sum up both Roman architectural achievement and the heightened unities of Renaissance church design. The main concern in most of these drawings is the delineation of the crossing, the baldacchino formed by the great piers and the dome they support, protecting the tomb of St. Peter and the altar of the Early Christian church. Although in nearly every drawing some attention is paid to the outer perimeters of the building and its internal spatial divisions, many of those decisions are left in suspense, particularly the question of whether the building is to be centralized or longitudinal. Bramante's main concern was to establish the scale of the crossing, the size and shape of the piers and their distance from each other. This nucleus, constructed up through the pendentive level during his lifetime, set the scale for everything that was to follow. In the absence of a definitive plan attributable to the Bramante/Peruzzi team, the pier designs of Uff. 529 A verso and of f. 1466 verso of the Rothschild drawing book, and the interior of the crossing as it appears in the perspective drawing Uff. 2 A, are the best evidence of Bramante's permanent contribution. The drawings considered here trace the experiments with shape and scale that led to the establishment of these elements.
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Olawale, Adeyinka, and Balogun Oluwatoyin. "Genetic studies of fibre yield-related traits and days to anthesis in some kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) accessions." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 64, no. 1 (2019): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1901009o.
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Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an economically important and multi-purpose natural fibre crop with several industrial applications. However, its potentials have not been fully maximised due to poor yield and its narrow genetic base which limited the available hybrids. The low yield is attributed to high photoperiod sensitivity of most kenaf accessions because it reduces the vegetative growth. This study attempts to understand the genetic architecture of days to anthesis of kenaf towards the development of a photo-insensitive kenaf hybrid. Two early maturing Nigerian kenaf accessions: NHC (12)1 and NHC (3)2, and two late maturing accessions (NHC [9]2 and NHC 15) were crossed to generate F1 population. The F1 hybrid together with its parents and its reciprocals were planted in a randomised complete block experiment design with three replicates. Data were collected on days to anthesis (DTA), plant height (HAH), basal stem girth (GAH), base diameter (BDAH) and weight at harvest (WAH) for analysis. The mean squares were significant for DTA, HAH, DBAH, GAH and WAH. DTA exhibited the highest broad-sense heritability value (0.98) among other traits. The GCA: SCA ratio for DTA and BDAH signifies that the effect of non-additive genes was prevalent because it was lower than a unity while the additive gene action was predominant in HAH. The negative GCA estimates for NHC (12)1 and NHC (9)2 indicated a poor combining ability. Only NHC (3)2 x NHC (9)2 showed good specific combining ability (-5.75, 0.33, 0.85, 91.46) for DTA, GAH, BDAH and WAH respectively. NHC (12)1 x NHC (9)2, NHC (3)2 x NHC (9)2, NHC (3)2 x NHC 15, NHC (9)2 x 3NHC (3)2, NHC (9)2 x NHC 15, NHC 15 x NHC (3)2, NHC 15 x NHC (9)2 showed negative significant percent of F1 heterosis above the mid-parent in days to anthesis and could be employed to breed photo-insensitive early maturing kenaf.
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Adefila, Arinola, Amal Abuzeinab, Timothy Whitehead, and Muyiwa Oyinlola. "Bottle house: utilising appreciative inquiry to develop a user acceptance model." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 10, no. 4 (May 23, 2020): 567–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-08-2019-0072.
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PurposeThis paper develops a novel user-acceptance model for circular solutions to housing design. The model has been systematically developed from a case study of an upcycled plastic bottle building in a low-income community in Nigeria. It is common practice to use participatory approaches to consult end users in communities, typically after design concepts have been proposed and conceptualised. However, this often leads to critical socio-cultural or usability elements being overlooked and the design being substandard. Therefore, this paper develops a robust model for designers, specialists and activists involved in construction that can be used during all phases of a project. This approach demonstrates that user needs should be considered before building designs and plans are generated, providing a greater frame of reference for practitioners, consultants and end users. Enabling the integration of holistic needs of the community and the development of circular design solution.Design/methodology/approachA case study methodology has been employed to develop this model, uses appreciative inquiry methodology. This includes multiple methods to capture end users’ perception: focus groups, interactions with the local community and self-recorded comments. This case study is part of a broader research project to develop replicable low-cost self-sufficient homes utilising local capacity using upcycled, locally available materials.FindingsThe findings identify the challenges associated with designing circular solution housing without a robust understanding of interrelated factors, which ensure sustainability and user acceptance. The conclusions demonstrate why essential socio-cultural factors, usually unrelated to technical development, should be understood and contextualised when designing sustainable solutions in low/middle-income communities. The authors argue that without this holistic approach, undesirable consequences may arise, often leading to more significant challenges. Instead of referring to multiple frameworks, this distinctive model can be used to evaluate user acceptance for low-cost housing in particular and other dimensions of circular solution design that involve end-user acceptance. The model blends circular solution dimensions with user-acceptance concerns offering a guide that considers essential features that are both user-friendly and pragmatic, such as utility, technological innovation and functionality as well as their intersectionality.Research limitations/implicationsThe research relied on a single case study, which focussed on end-user engagement of upcycling waste materials as an application of circular solutions. The model will contribute to developing socially accepted circular solutions taking into consideration local context factors.Originality/valueThe paper is proposing a model for user acceptance of circular construction materials relevant to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).