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Journal articles on the topic 'Architecture parasite'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Given, Daniel. "DEVELOPING PARASITIC ARCHITECTURE AS A TOOL FOR PROPAGATION WITHIN CITIES." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 45, no. 2 (2021): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jau.2021.14394.

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The term ‘parasitic architecture’ is an overused, and misunderstood buzzword within the architectural and urban planning community. By breaking down, through case study, how a space is developed and evolves, reclassification of architectural parasites is possible. Focusing on how parasitic architecture has produced urban growth and development of community within Tokyo as the primary case study, the reclassification is based in pre-existing architectural development and the nature of actual, living parasites. This reclassification of architectural parasite produces three separate types of para

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Zedda, Luca, Andrea Loddo, and Cecilia Di Ruberto. "YOLO-PAM: Parasite-Attention-Based Model for Efficient Malaria Detection." Journal of Imaging 9, no. 12 (2023): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9120266.

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Malaria is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite. The mortality rate can be significantly reduced if the condition is diagnosed and treated early. However, in many underdeveloped countries, the detection of malaria parasites from blood smears is still performed manually by experienced hematologists. This process is time-consuming and error-prone. In recent years, deep-learning-based object-detection methods have shown promising results in automating this task, which is critical to ensure diagnosis and treatment in the shortest possible time. In this paper, we

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Sarabian, Cecile, Val Curtis, and Rachel McMullan. "Evolution of pathogen and parasite avoidance behaviours." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1751 (2018): 20170256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0256.

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All free-living animals are subject to intense selection pressure from parasites and pathogens resulting in behavioural adaptations that can help potential hosts to avoid falling prey to parasites. This special issue on the evolution of parasite avoidance behaviour was compiled following a Royal Society meeting in 2017. Here we have assembled contributions from a wide range of disciplines including genetics, ecology, parasitology, behavioural science, ecology, psychology and epidemiology on the disease avoidance behaviour of a wide range of species. Taking an interdisciplinary and cross-specie

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Allred, D. R., J. E. Gruenberg, and I. W. Sherman. "Dynamic rearrangements of erythrocyte membrane internal architecture induced by infection with Plasmodium falciparum." Journal of Cell Science 81, no. 1 (1986): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.81.1.1.

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Cultured human erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum were studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Special emphasis was placed upon the formation of the membrane surface excrescences (‘knobs’) found on red cells containing mature parasites. Knobs were visualized as conoid projections of the protoplasmic fracture face (PF) and depressions of the exoplasmic fracture face (EF). Knob formation was correlated with parasite growth and, on the basis of the organization of intramembranous particles (IMP) in the PF leaflet, a series of changes associated with parasite maturation was d

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Cowell, Annie N., and Elizabeth A. Winzeler. "The genomic architecture of antimalarial drug resistance." Briefings in Functional Genomics 18, no. 5 (2019): 314–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bfgp/elz008.

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Abstract Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, the two protozoan parasite species that cause the majority of cases of human malaria, have developed resistance to nearly all known antimalarials. The ability of malaria parasites to develop resistance is primarily due to the high numbers of parasites in the infected person’s bloodstream during the asexual blood stage of infection in conjunction with the mutability of their genomes. Identifying the genetic mutations that mediate antimalarial resistance has deepened our understanding of how the parasites evade our treatments and reveals molec

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Sunter, Jack D., Ryuji Yanase, Ziyin Wang, et al. "Leishmaniaflagellum attachment zone is critical for flagellar pocket shape, development in the sand fly, and pathogenicity in the host." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 13 (2019): 6351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812462116.

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Leishmaniakinetoplastid parasites infect millions of people worldwide and have a distinct cellular architecture depending on location in the host or vector and specific pathogenicity functions. An invagination of the cell body membrane at the base of the flagellum, the flagellar pocket (FP), is an iconic kinetoplastid feature, and is central to processes that are critical forLeishmaniapathogenicity. TheLeishmaniaFP has a bulbous region posterior to the FP collar and a distal neck region where the FP membrane surrounds the flagellum more closely. The flagellum is attached to one side of the FP

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Kumar, Satish, Tasleem Arif, Gulfam Ahamad, Anis Ahmad Chaudhary, Salahuddin Khan, and Mohamed A. M. Ali. "An Efficient and Effective Framework for Intestinal Parasite Egg Detection Using YOLOv5." Diagnostics 13, no. 18 (2023): 2978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13182978.

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Intestinal parasitic infections pose a grave threat to human health, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The traditional manual microscopy system of intestinal parasite detection remains the gold standard procedure for diagnosing parasite cysts or eggs. This approach is costly, time-consuming (30 min per sample), highly tedious, and requires a specialist. However, computer vision, based on deep learning, has made great strides in recent years. Despite the significant advances in deep convolutional neural network-based architectures, little research has been conducted to explore t

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Seppä, Perttu, Mariaelena Bonelli, Simon Dupont, Sanja Maria Hakala, Anne-Geneviève Bagnères, and Maria Cristina Lorenzi. "Strong Gene Flow Undermines Local Adaptations in a Host Parasite System." Insects 11, no. 9 (2020): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090585.

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The co-evolutionary pathways followed by hosts and parasites strongly depend on the adaptive potential of antagonists and its underlying genetic architecture. Geographically structured populations of interacting species often experience local differences in the strength of reciprocal selection pressures, which can result in a geographic mosaic of co-evolution. One example of such a system is the boreo-montane social wasp Polistes biglumis and its social parasite Polistes atrimandibularis, which have evolved local defense and counter-defense mechanisms to match their antagonist. In this work, w

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HEINZMANN, DOMINIK, A. D. BARBOUR, and PAUL R. TORGERSON. "A MECHANISTIC INDIVIDUAL-BASED TWO-HOST INTERACTION MODEL FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF A PARASITIC DISEASE." International Journal of Biomathematics 04, no. 04 (2011): 443–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524511001313.

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A mechanistic individual-based model for the infection dynamics of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus in a two host transmission system is proposed. The model describes the individual densities of the parasites in the two host populations. The architecture consists of two sub-processes for the acquisition and severity of infection in the host populations and a superimposed infection contact scheme between the hosts. The parasite dynamics within the host population are modeled using a compound mixed Poisson process for the sheep and a shot-noise process for the dogs. All model parameters are

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Angst, Pascal, and Dieter Ebert. "Mikrosporidien-Genome als Fenster zu deren Evolution." BIOspektrum 30, no. 1 (2024): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12268-024-2080-6.

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AbstractGenomics is a powerful toolkit for unravelling how evolutionary processes drive organisms’ small- and large-scale genetic variation. Several outstanding questions remain concerning the evolution of genome size and architecture, especially in intracellular parasites. Microsporidia became a model for this field of study as they exhibit genome size variation of more than an order of magnitude. Here, we discuss evolution in the large-genome microsporidium Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis, a parasite of a water flea.

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Alraba'nah, Yousef, and Wael Toghuj. "A deep learning based architecture for malaria parasite detection." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 13, no. 1 (2024): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v13i1.5485.

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During last decade, medical imaging has attracted great deal of research interests. Deep learning applications has revolutionized medical image analysis and diseases diagnosis. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs)-a class of deep learning-have been widely used for classification and feature extraction, and they revealed good performance for various imaging applications. However, despite the advances in medicine, malaria remains among the world’s deadliest diseases. Only in 2020, malaria recorded 241 million clinical episodes, and 627,000 deaths. The disease is examined visually through a micro

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Bellis, Emily S., Elizabeth A. Kelly, Claire M. Lorts, et al. "Genomics of sorghum local adaptation to a parasitic plant." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 8 (2020): 4243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908707117.

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Host–parasite coevolution can maintain high levels of genetic diversity in traits involved in species interactions. In many systems, host traits exploited by parasites are constrained by use in other functions, leading to complex selective pressures across space and time. Here, we study genome-wide variation in the staple crop Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and its association with the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth., a major constraint to food security in Africa. We hypothesize that geographic selection mosaics across gradients of parasite occurrence maintain genetic diversity

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Glatman Zaretsky, Arielle, Jonathan S. Silver, Marie Siwicki, Amy Durham, Carl F. Ware, and Christopher A. Hunter. "Infection with Toxoplasma gondii Alters Lymphotoxin Expression Associated with Changes in Splenic Architecture." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 10 (2012): 3602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00333-12.

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ABSTRACTB cell responses are required for resistance toToxoplasma gondii; however, the events that lead to production of class-switched antibodies duringT. gondiiinfection have not been defined. Indeed, mice challenged with the parasite exhibited an expansion of T follicular helper cells and germinal center B cells in the spleen. Unexpectedly, this was not associated with germinal center formation and was instead accompanied by profound changes in splenic organization. This phenomenon was transient and was correlated with a decrease in expression of effector proteins that contribute to splenic

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Suhrbier, A., M. F. Wiser, L. Winger, et al. "Contrasts in antigen expression in the erythrocytic and exoerythrocytic stages of rodent malaria." Parasitology 99, no. 2 (1989): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000058595.

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SummaryThe time and Site of expression of five antigens, recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against blood-stage parasites, were studied in the exoerythrocytic stage ofPlasmodium bergheiusing indirect immunofluorescent antibody staining. Two monoclonal antibodies (W 3. 5, I 2. 6), which stain the cytoplasm of infected erythrocytes, did not stain the cytoplasm of the infected liver cell but stained the parasite itself suggesting a difference in the antigenic architecture of the erythrocytic and exoerythrocytic parasites. Another antibody (17. 6. 1) revealed a further difference in the an

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Ferguson, M. A. J., J. S. Brimacombe, S. Cottaz, et al. "Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol molecules of the parasite and the host." Parasitology 108, S1 (1994): S45—S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000075715.

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SUMMARYThe glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) protein-membrane anchors are ubiquitous among the eukaryotes. However, while mammalian cells typically express in the order of 100 thousand copies of GPI-anchor per cell, the parasitic protozoa, particularly the kinetoplastids, express up to 10–20 million copies of GPI-anchor and/or GPI-related glycolipids per cell. Thus GPI-family members dominate the cell surface molecular architecture of these organisms. In several cases, GPI-anchored proteins, such as the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) of the African trypanosomes, or GPI-related glycolipid

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Yang, Jian, Weiren Wu, and Jun Zhu. "Mapping Interspecific Genetic Architecture in a Host–Parasite Interaction System." Genetics 178, no. 3 (2008): 1737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.107.081430.

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Su, Min, and Yuanqi Yang. "Parasite richness and network architecture jointly affect multihost community composition." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 540 (February 2020): 123213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.123213.

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Eldeen, YMH Salah, Omer F. Idris, Murwan K. Sabahelkhier, and Mohamed I. Abdelhaleem. "Histopathological alterations in small intestine of rabbit fish (Siganus rivulatus) infected by helminth parasite (Sclerocollum sp.), Red Sea Coast, Sudan." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 2 (2014): 216–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10531.

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Wild rabbit fish(Siganus rivulatus)Forsskål (Teleostei, Siganidae), a herbivorous fish were caught from Suakin near Sudanese Red Sea during February 2010 - January 2011, which were examined for histo-pathological alterations in small intestine infected by a helminthes parasite (Sclerocollum sp.). Sclerocollum sp. was reported for the first time from Suakin near Sudanese Red Sea. Effect of a parasite included: abundance of lymphocytes cell, eosinphils, red blood cells and goblet cells in parasitized intestine; which were significantly more than intestine devoid of infection. The histopathologic

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Karacali, Atlihan Onat, and Tugba Erdil. "Considering Sidewalls as an Architectural Ground: Parasitic Architecture Approaches in Design Studio." Journal of Design Studio 4, no. 1 (2022): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46474/jds.1117609.

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Approaches mimicking nature constitute a biopolitical specific area in architecture. Today, what is called parasitic architecture is also accepted as one of these biopolitical approaches. Parasitic architecture follows the path of parasitism in nature in terms of biomimicry. And parasitism is accepted as one of the symbiotic lifeforms, others being commensalism and mutualism. They all consist of the biological relationship between distinct organisms where parasitism specially defines duality between a harming parasite and a vulnerable host. Talking in architectural terms, here the parasitism d

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Parker, Michelle L., Diana M. Penarete-Vargas, Phineas T. Hamilton, et al. "Dissecting the interface between apicomplexan parasite and host cell: Insights from a divergent AMA–RON2 pair." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 2 (2015): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515898113.

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Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii are widely studied parasites in phylum Apicomplexa and the etiological agents of severe human malaria and toxoplasmosis, respectively. These intracellular pathogens have evolved a sophisticated invasion strategy that relies on delivery of proteins into the host cell, where parasite-derived rhoptry neck protein 2 (RON2) family members localize to the host outer membrane and serve as ligands for apical membrane antigen (AMA) family surface proteins displayed on the parasite. Recently, we showed that T. gondii harbors a novel AMA designated as TgAMA4 th

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Lusiana Efrizoni, Rais Amin, and Ahmad Rizali. "Detection Of Malaria Parasites In Human Blood Cells Using Convolutional Neural Network." JAIA - Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Applications 2, no. 2 (2023): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33372/jaia.v2i2.947.

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Malaria is a blood disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite which is transmitted by the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito. The diagnosis of malaria is carried out by a microscopist through examination of human blood cells. Their level of accuracy depends on the quality of the tool, expertise in classifying and counting infected and uninfected parasite cells. The disadvantages of examining this way include the difficulty in making a diagnosis on a large scale and the poor quality of the results. The dataset used in model evaluation is a dataset developed by LHNVBC which contains 27,558 cel

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Mahida, Y. R. "Host–parasite interactions in rodent nematode infections." Journal of Helminthology 77, no. 2 (2003): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2003172.

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AbstractIn rodents,Trichinella spiralisandNippostrongylus brasiliensisinfect the small intestine andTrichuris murisresides in the colon. The intestinal host response in these animals is characterized by changes in mucosal architecture and inflammation and is associated with worm expulsion. The requirement of T cell-mediated host response in worm expulsion has been demonstrated over many years. Subsequent studies have shown that Th2-type, but not Th1-type, responses mediate resistance to the nematodes. Investigations using neutralizing antibodies and genetically manipulated mice have characteri

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Kuukka-Anttila, H., N. Peuhkuri, I. Kolari, T. Paananen, and A. Kause. "Quantitative genetic architecture of parasite-induced cataract in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss." Heredity 104, no. 1 (2009): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2009.123.

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Gadelha, Catarina, Wenzhu Zhang, James W. Chamberlain, Brian T. Chait, Bill Wickstead, and Mark C. Field. "Architecture of a Host–Parasite Interface: Complex Targeting Mechanisms Revealed Through Proteomics." Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 14, no. 7 (2015): 1911–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.m114.047647.

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N G, Shruthi, Maddi Patla Jahnav, Maithry V Pappu, Preksha Chandrakant Wali, and Sri Lakshmi A. Nair. "Quantitative Analysis of Blood Cell Components and Detection of Malarial Parasite (P.Vivax) using Faster R-CNN." Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal 15, no. 1 (2025): 279–303. https://doi.org/10.5121/cseij.2025.15131.

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This project introduces an advanced automated system utilizing the Faster R-CNN architecture for precise detection of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, and the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax in blood smear images. To enhance our dataset, we employ two types of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs): one to generate new, diverse images and Real ESRGAN to improve the resolution and quality of these images, thereby increasing the robustness and performance of our system. Aimed at aiding medical professionals in diagnosing blood disorders and malaria, our system prov

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Mariama Nicole, Pouye, Diop Gora, Mbengue Babacar, et al. "GENETIC ARCHITECTURE AND DYNAMICS OF PFKELCH13S PROPELLER DOMAIN IN SENEGALESE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUMCLINICAL ISOLATES." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 09 (2021): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13369.

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Plasmodium resistance to Artemisinin Combination-based Therapies (ACT) in Southeast Asia is a major public health concern that is sporadically appearing in Africa. Senegal has shifted from malaria control to elimination plans. Given notable progresses obtained through robust strategic plans,it is still crucial to assess genetic variability of the Plasmodium falciparumartemisinin resistance gene marker Kelch13 (PfKelch13)in circulating field isolates.We herereportan analysis of PfKelch13-propeller polymorphism in clinical isolates collected nine years after ACT introduction in five Senegalese r

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Gascuel, Jean-Dominique, Bahram Moobed, and Michel Weinfeld. "An Internal Mechanism for Detecting Parasite Attractors in a Hopfield Network." Neural Computation 6, no. 5 (1994): 902–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1994.6.5.902.

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This paper presents a built-in mechanism for automatic detection of prototypes (as opposed to parasite attractors) in a Hopfield network. It has a good statistical performance and avoids host computer overhead for this purpose. This mechanism is based on an internal coding of the prototypes during learning, using cyclic redundancy codes, and leads to an efficient implementation in VLSI. The immediate separation of prototypes from parasite attractors can be used to enhance the autonomy of the networks, aiming at hierarchical multinetwork structures. As an example, the use of such an architectur

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Rochet, Élise, Julie Brunet, Marcela Sabou, et al. "Interleukin-6-Driven Inflammatory Response Induces Retinal Pathology in a Model of Ocular Toxoplasmosis Reactivation." Infection and Immunity 83, no. 5 (2015): 2109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.02985-14.

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Ocular inflammation is one of the consequences of infection with the protozoan parasiteToxoplasma gondii. Even if lesions are self-healing in immunocompetent persons, they pose a lifetime risk of reactivation and are a serious threat to vision. As there are virtually no immunological data on reactivating ocular toxoplasmosis, we established a model of direct intravitreal injection of parasites in previously infected mice with a homologous type II strain. Two different mouse strains with variable ability to control retinal infection were studied in order to describe protective and deleterious r

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Butploy, Narut, Wanida Kanarkard, and Pewpan Maleewong Intapan. "Deep Learning Approach for Ascaris lumbricoides Parasite Egg Classification." Journal of Parasitology Research 2021 (April 26, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6648038.

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A. lumbricoides infection affects up to 1/3 of the world population (approximately 1.4 billion people worldwide). It has been estimated that 1.5 billion cases of infection globally and 65,000 deaths occur due to A. lumbricoides. Generally, allied health classifies parasite egg type by using on microscopy-based methods that are laborious, are limited by low sensitivity, and require high expertise. However, misclassification may occur due to their heterogeneous experience. For their reason, computer technology is considered to aid humans. With the benefit of speed and ability of computer technol

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Bartošová-Sojková, Pavla, Jiří Kyslík, Gema Alama-Bermejo, et al. "Evolutionary Analysis of Cystatins of Early-Emerging Metazoans Reveals a Novel Subtype in Parasitic Cnidarians." Biology 10, no. 2 (2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10020110.

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The evolutionary aspects of cystatins are greatly underexplored in early-emerging metazoans. Thus, we surveyed the gene organization, protein architecture, and phylogeny of cystatin homologues mined from 110 genomes and the transcriptomes of 58 basal metazoan species, encompassing free-living and parasite taxa of Porifera, Placozoa, Cnidaria (including Myxozoa), and Ctenophora. We found that the cystatin gene repertoire significantly differs among phyla, with stefins present in most of the investigated lineages but with type 2 cystatins missing in several basal metazoan groups. Similar to live

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Gerald, Noel, Babita Mahajan, and Sanjai Kumar. "Mitosis in the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum." Eukaryotic Cell 10, no. 4 (2011): 474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00314-10.

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ABSTRACT Malaria is caused by intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites belonging to Plasmodium spp. (phylum Apicomplexa ) that produce significant morbidity and mortality, mostly in developing countries. Plasmodium parasites have a complex life cycle that includes multiple stages in anopheline mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts. During the life cycle, the parasites undergo several cycles of extreme population growth within a brief span, and this is critical for their continued transmission and a contributing factor for their pathogenesis in the host. As with other eukaryotes, successful mitosi

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Asri, Muhammad Amirul Aiman, Norrima Mokhtar, Heshalini Rajagopal, et al. "Quality assessment for microscopic parasite images." Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics 28 (February 9, 2023): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5954/icarob.2023.os1-4.

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Gurung, Yuvraj. "Exploring Antigenic Properties and Immune Responses in Bufo himalayanus: Implications for Conservation and Biodiversity Protection." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, no. 23 (2023): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i233917.

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Background: The objective of the study is to investigate antigenic property of soluble antigens of Nematodes Cosmocercoides dukae isolated from infected Bufo himalayanus (Class Amphibia, order: Anura) and to investigate the nature of protective immune response in laboratory rats. Bufo himalayanus is a species found in the districts of Darjeeling, Sikkim and adjoining hills of the sub-Himalayan belt, at an altitude of 6000 ft. above the sea level and known to be heavily infested by natural gut dwelling nematode infections. The present study is a small step towards protection and conservation of

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Lennartz, Frank, Cameron Smith, Alister G. Craig, and Matthew K. Higgins. "Structural insights into diverse modes of ICAM-1 binding by Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 40 (2019): 20124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911900116.

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A major determinant of pathogenicity in malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is the adhesion of parasite-infected erythrocytes to the vasculature or tissues of infected individuals. This occludes blood flow, leads to inflammation, and increases parasitemia by reducing spleen-mediated clearance of the parasite. This adhesion is mediated by PfEMP1, a multivariant family of around 60 proteins per parasite genome which interact with specific host receptors. One of the most common of these receptors is intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which is bound by 2 distinct groups of PfEMP1, A-t

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Bąska, Piotr, and Luke James Norbury. "The Role of the Intestinal Epithelium in the “Weep and Sweep” Response during Gastro—Intestinal Helminth Infections." Animals 12, no. 2 (2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12020175.

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Helminths are metazoan parasites infecting around 1.5 billion people all over the world. During coevolution with hosts, worms have developed numerous ways to trick and evade the host immune response, and because of their size, they cannot be internalized and killed by immune cells in the same way as bacteria or viruses. During infection, a substantial Th2 component to the immune response is evoked which helps restrain Th1-mediated tissue damage. Although an enhanced Th2 response is often not enough to kill the parasite and terminate an infection in itself, when tightly coordinated with the ner

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Swastika, Windra, Benedictus J. Pradana, Romy B. Widodo, Rehmadanta Sitepu, and Gregorius G. Putra. "Web-Based Application for Malaria Parasite Detection Using Thin-Blood Smear Images." Journal of Image and Graphics 11, no. 3 (2023): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/joig.11.3.288-293.

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Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite. In 2019, there were 229 million cases of malaria with a death toll of 400.900. Malaria cases increased in 2020 to 241 million people with the death toll reaching 627,000. Malaria diagnosis which is carried out by observing the patient’s blood sample requires experts and if it is not done correctly, misdiagnosis can occur. Deep Learning can be used to help diagnose Malaria by classifying thin blood smear images. In this study, transfer learning techniques were used on the Convolutional Neural Network to speed up the model train

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Kamrowska, Agnieszka. "Architektura podziałów. Przestrzeń walki klas w filmach Bonga Joon-ho Snowpiercer: Arka przyszłości i Parasite." Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture New Series, no. 13 (1/2021) (2021): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/24506249pj.21.003.13730.

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Tekst jest próbą analizy filmów Snowpiercer: Arka przyszłości i Parasite koreańskiego reżysera Bonga Joon-ho w ujęciu socjologicznym. Teoretycznego zaplecza dostarczają pojęcia klasy społecznej i walki klas opisane przez Karola Marksa, następnie skorygowane przez Maxa Webera i dalej reinterpretowane przez Pierre’a Bourdieu. Posłużono się również koncepcją Aparatów Państwa autorstwa Louisa Althussera. Pojęcia te tworzą szkielet teoretyczny, w który wpisana została kwestia przestrzeni architektonicznej w analizowanych filmach. Bong Joon-ho umieszcza bohaterów w zamkniętych wnętrzach i stawia ich

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Ramrath, David J. F., Moritz Niemann, Marc Leibundgut, et al. "Evolutionary shift toward protein-based architecture in trypanosomal mitochondrial ribosomes." Science 362, no. 6413 (2018): eaau7735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau7735.

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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) plays key functional and architectural roles in ribosomes. Using electron microscopy, we determined the atomic structure of a highly divergent ribosome found in mitochondria of Trypanosoma brucei, a unicellular parasite that causes sleeping sickness in humans. The trypanosomal mitoribosome features the smallest rRNAs and contains more proteins than all known ribosomes. The structure shows how the proteins have taken over the role of architectural scaffold from the rRNA: They form an autonomous outer shell that surrounds the entire particle and stabilizes and positions the

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Ramos, Fernanda Ramalho, Bethânia Almeida Gouveia, Maria Angélica Dias Amâncio, Adolorata Aparecida Bianco de Carvalho, and Rosemeri de Oliveira Vasconcelos. "Comparative study of parasite load in the spleen, lymph node, and skin of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 17, no. 2 (2024): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24070/bjvp.1983-0246.v17i2p84-92.

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum. The lymph nodes, spleen, and skin are essential organs in the immunopathogenesis of the disease. This study aimed to investigate the histomorphological alterations and parasite load in the popliteal lymph node, spleen, and skin of eleven VL-positive dogs in the fine needle aspiration (FNA), Dual-path Platform chromatographic immunoassay (DPP® CVL rapid test) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histopathological and immunohistochemical methods were used to evaluate the samples, and the resul

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Khan, Sameena, Ankur Garg, Arvind Sharma, et al. "An Appended Domain Results in an Unusual Architecture for Malaria Parasite Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase." PLoS ONE 8, no. 6 (2013): e66224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066224.

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Bauer, Robert, and Franz Oberwinkler. "Meiosis, septal pore architecture, and systematic position of the heterobasidiomycetous fern parasite Herpobasidium filicinum." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 9 (1994): 1229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-151.

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Meiosis, spindle pole body cycle and septal pores in Herpobasidium filicinum were examined using light and electron microscopy and compared with findings in the Uredinales and other simple-pored heterobasidiomycetes. The septal pore apparatus in Herpobasidium filicinum is rustlike, and the nuclear characteristics are also similar but not identical to those found in the Uredinales. Some details, such as the spindle pole body behaviour at prophase, the presence of a complete wrapping of endoplasmic reticulum surrounding the nucleus during division, the extension of the spindle pole body into the

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Delavault, Philippe. "Knowing the Parasite: Biology and Genetics of Orobanche." Helia 38, no. 62 (2015): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia-2014-0030.

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AbstractDue to their forms and colors, parasitic plants are most often considered to be botanical curiosities. However, in some cases, these are proved to be also deadly pests with the capacity to exploit other plants. Among the obligate root parasitic weeds, the holoparasites that are devoid of chlorophyll and thus unable to carry out photosynthesis totally rely on their hosts for their water, mineral, and carbohydrate supplies. Members of the genus Orobanche and Phelipanche, belonging to the Orobanchaceae family (the broomrape family), are thus the final result of this evolutionary transitio

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Ukil, Bidisha, Saptarshi Roy, Suranjana Nandi, and Larisha M. Lyndem. "SENNA PLANT INDUCES DISRUPTION ON THE MITOCHONDRIA OF HYMENOLEPIS DIMINUTA." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 5 (2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i5.25519.

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Objective: The present study aims at observing the effects of three species of Senna plants, viz. Senna alata, S. alexandrina and S. occidentalis on the ultrastructure of the mitochondria of the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta.Methods: Worms were treated with leaf extracts of the three plant species with a standard dose concentration of 40 mg/ml and keeping one group of parasites in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as a control. The parasites from control and treated medium were simultaneously removed after the loss of motility and fixed in 3% gluteraldehyde. They were processed for ultramicrograp

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N, Dr Arun Prasath. "MALARIA DETECTION USING CNN." international journal of advanced research in computer science 15, no. 2 (2024): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26483/ijarcs.v15i2.7063.

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The primary objective of this project is to develop a robust and efficient malaria detection system based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). CNNs have demonstrated remarkable performance in image recognition tasks, making them ideal for analyzing medical images such as blood smears for the presence of malaria parasites. By harnessing the power of CNN architecture, our goal is to create a highly accurate and reliable system capable of detecting malaria parasites with precision and consistency. Furthermore, we aim to ensure the efficiency of the developed system, allowing for the rapid pro

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Pospich, Sabrina, Esa-Pekka Kumpula, Julian von der Ecken, Juha Vahokoski, Inari Kursula, and Stefan Raunser. "Near-atomic structure of jasplakinolide-stabilized malaria parasite F-actin reveals the structural basis of filament instability." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 40 (2017): 10636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707506114.

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During their life cycle, apicomplexan parasites, such as the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, use actomyosin-driven gliding motility to move and invade host cells. For this process, actin filament length and stability are temporally and spatially controlled. In contrast to canonical actin, P. falciparum actin 1 (PfAct1) does not readily polymerize into long, stable filaments. The structural basis of filament instability, which plays a pivotal role in host cell invasion, and thus infectivity, is poorly understood, largely because high-resolution structures of PfAct1 filaments were missin

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Foe, Ian T., Ouma Onguka, Katherine Amberg-Johnson, et al. "The Toxoplasma gondii Active Serine Hydrolase 4 Regulates Parasite Division and Intravacuolar Parasite Architecture." mSphere 3, no. 5 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00393-18.

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ABSTRACT Hydrolase are enzymes that regulate diverse biological processes, including posttranslational protein modifications. Recent work identified four active serine hydrolases (ASHs) in Toxoplasma gondii as candidate depalmitoylases. However, only TgPPT1 (ASH1) has been confirmed to remove palmitate from proteins. ASH4 (TgME49_264290) was reported to be refractory to genetic disruption. We demonstrate that recombinant ASH4 is an esterase that processes short acyl esters but not palmitoyl thioesters. Genetic disruption of ASH4 causes defects in cell division and premature scission of parasit

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SOYLU, Emel. "A Deep Transfer Learning-Based Comparative Study for Detection of Malaria Disease." Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, November 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35377/saucis...1197119.

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Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite. The parasite is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Thousands of people die every year due to malaria. When this disease is diagnosed early, it can be fully treated with medication. Diagnosis of malaria can be made according to the presence of parasites in the blood taken from the patient. In this study, malaria detection and diagnosis study were performed using The Malaria dataset containing a total of 27,558 cell images with samples of equally parasitized and uninfected cells from thin blood smear slide images of segmented

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Scott, Thomas W., Alan Grafen, and Stuart A. West. "Host–parasite coevolution and the stability of genetic kin recognition." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, no. 30 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2220761120.

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Crozier’s paradox suggests that genetic kin recognition will not be evolutionarily stable. The problem is that more common tags (markers) are more likely to be recognized and helped. This causes common tags to increase in frequency, eliminating the genetic variability that is required for genetic kin recognition. Two potential solutions to this problem have been suggested: host–parasite coevolution and multiple social encounters. We show that the host–parasite coevolution hypothesis does not work as commonly assumed. Host–parasite coevolution only stabilizes kin recognition at a parasite resis

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Spottiswoode, Claire N., Wenfei Tong, Gabriel A. Jamie, et al. "Genetic architecture facilitates then constrains adaptation in a host–parasite coevolutionary arms race." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 17 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2121752119.

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Significance Validating an almost century-old hypothesis, we show that a critical host-specific adaptation in a brood-parasitic bird, mimicry of host egg coloration, is maternally inherited, allowing mothers to transmit specialized mimicry to their daughters irrespective of the father’s host species. This genetic architecture, however, is a double-edged sword for parasites: the loss of recombination and heterozygosity as sources of evolutionary novelty likely constrains the parasite from mimicking the full range of color polymorphisms that hosts have evolved as an escalated defense against par

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Ferreira, Josie Liane, Dorothee Heincke, Jan Stephan Wichers, Benjamin Liffner, Danny W. Wilson, and Tim-Wolf Gilberger. "The Dynamic Roles of the Inner Membrane Complex in the Multiple Stages of the Malaria Parasite." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 10 (January 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.611801.

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Apicomplexan parasites, such as human malaria parasites, have complex lifecycles encompassing multiple and diverse environmental niches. Invading, replicating, and escaping from different cell types, along with exploiting each intracellular niche, necessitate large and dynamic changes in parasite morphology and cellular architecture. The inner membrane complex (IMC) is a unique structural element that is intricately involved with these distinct morphological changes. The IMC is a double membrane organelle that forms de novo and is located beneath the plasma membrane of these single-celled orga

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