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Wojtowicz, Ian (Ian Stanislaw). "B'Seder : the design of a social medium for Polish and Jewish communities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78506.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M. in Visual Studies)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, September 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-165).
"The history of the Polish-Jewish relationship is...the embattled terrain of several collective memories, each with its claim to moral legitimacy, and each charged with fierce and sometimes vehement feelings." These contested histories are the source of tension and animosity between Poles and Jews to this day. Unlike the German-Jewish relationship, where "the moral rights and wrongs were starkly clear," Poland's past is far more complex. This thesis describes the design of a storage and retransmission medium for these contested histories, using photography, nomadic performance, new media mapping techniques and imaginary architecture. The system, entitled B'Seder, makes use of the ancient technology of memory palaces to produce a long-term relational aesthetic practice for the transformation of post-conflict societies through storytelling, conversation, and the mapping of narratives into visual forms. Using a well established process from post-traumatic therapy, the medium focuses on restructuring fragmented memories into a cohesive, flowing story. In formal terms, the project begins with a photograph of an empty room. Anecdotes are collected from readings, films and conversations with community participants. These anecdotes are then transformed into mnemonic objects, which are depicted in the image. This process of accumulation of object/stories continues as the image is taken to new sites with new participants. The system then transitions into an editing and organizing mode where these anecdotes are arranged into a singular narrative sequence, which is memorized and recounted in public space.
by Ian Wojtowicz.
S.M.in Visual Studies
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Czerwinski, Mikolaj. "PRAGMATIC MODERNISM: PROJECT [PROJEKT] AND POLISH DESIGN, 1956-1970." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/96.
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Recently Scholars of design history began to recognize the phenomenon of Socialist Modernism, the return to modernist aesthetics to Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union during the thaw, the disavowal of Stalinist policies by Nikita Khrushchev after the 20th Party Congress of the Communist Party in February of 1956 and the resulting turn away from Socialist Realism, a historicist method in architecture that expressed socialist values, which the Stalinist favored. Scholars of art and design argued that Socialist Modernism in Poland constituted an affirmation of the party’s authority and that of the political system because designers who practiced it focused on abstract form and technological experiments. Unlike the modernism of the early 20th century, which followed a utopian ideology to ensure universal well being through art and design, it focused on the aesthetics of elementary form. However, based on this research, I investigated the journal Projekt of the main state-sponsored publisher in the years, 1956-1970. I have found that its contributors practiced a pragmatic modernism. Although they focused on technological experiments and utilized abstract form, failing to engage in politics, the designers that surrounded Projekt attempted to create user center design that fostered the well being of man, avant-garde values that the 1920s and 1930s functional modernist groups of Central and Eastern advocated. Therefore, following a period of Socialist Realism (1948-1956) in Poland, Projekt advocated for avant-garde values in design while ignoring the political situation, therefore fulfilling a pragmatic site in which it tolerated the authoritarian party, but argued for user based, socially conscious design that connected it to like minded designers in the west.
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Drozynski, Karol. "The struggle of the non-Soviet self for space in the architecture of Nowa Huta : an analysis of Heterotopian conditions in the Polish-Communist context." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/109101/.
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This thesis investigates the formation and development of heterotopias in Communism, in the spatial context of the city of Nowa Huta which was initially inspired by Soviet architectural strategies and designed in 1949 to accommodate a steelworks factory next to Krakow, Poland. Heterotopias were first defined by Michel Foucault in 1966 in The Order of things and in this context can be argued to have served as spaces for a re-evaluation of the engagement with the power structures at hand. The research presented in this document explains the role of heterotopias in informing the development of architectural design and that of the self in the civic spaces of Nowa Huta. To reach the aim of this thesis the research explored the situation in 20th century Poland, where a singular idea was to overwhelm all areas of life including architecture. The work presents the Sovietisation of Eastern Europe and the attempts to change the cultural habits of Poland by introducing a stronger paradigm of considering architectural design. Those attempts were based on the Soviet agenda to develop a robust public ethos guided by enhancing the work ethos. Nowa Huta stands as an example of Soviet-inspired architectural and urban planning. This thesis looks into the architectural representation of the subversive tendencies of Polish people who subverted this paradigm. The work interrogates the spatial qualities of the city and reaches beyond a detailed analysis of its initial masterplan. The thesis discusses the civic life of the place and consequent architectural changes to the urban fabric. The inhabitants of Nowa Huta in the 20th Century were caught in a power struggle between the Communist government and the opposition (that was linked with the Catholic Church). As a result the inhabitants sought spaces in which they could avoid the normalising gaze of Communist agents. They were creating heterotopias, initially in informal spaces, out of desire to remain latent from what Foucault would call ‘dispositif’ (or apparatus that the government used to regulate public conduct). The centrepiece of the argument is a narrative of the growth of concealed forms of operation (of Communist and Non-Communist agents) within the city and their entanglement with the official or civic practices. In doing so the research concentrates on spaces that were on the margin of political engagement and aims to present how such spaces ultimately redefined civic engagement in Nowa Huta. Those spaces came to foster heterotopias which came to materialise in underground bunkers and corridors, peripheries of the city, abandoned cinemas and finally churches (the design of which was inspired by the former). It was the explicit subversive quality of church designs that allowed the subverts to conduct non-Soviet life in their depths. By doing so the Church aligned itself with the heterotopian energy of the dissidents.
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Aldrawiesh, Khalid. "Security policy architecture for web services environment." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/7089.
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An enhanced observer is model that observes behaviour of a service and then automatically reports any changes in the state of the service to evaluator model. The e-observer observes the state of a service to determine whether it conforms to and obeys its intended behaviour or policy rules. E-observer techniques address most problems, govern and provide a proven solution that is re-usable in a similar context. This leads to an organisation and formalisation policy which is the engine of the e-observer model. Policies are used to refer to specific security rules for particular systems. They are derived from the goals of management that describe the desired behaviour of distributed heterogeneous systems and networks. These policies should be defended by security which has become a coherent and crucial issue. Security aims to protect these policies whenever possible. It is the first line of protection for resources or assets against events such as loss of availability, unauthorised access or modification of data. The techniques devised to protect information from intruders are general purpose in nature and, therefore, cannot directly enforce security that has no universal definition, the high degree of assurance of security properties of systems used in security-critical areas, such as business, education and financial, is usually achieved by verification. In addition, security policies express the protection requirements of a system in a precise and unambiguous form. They describe the requirements and mechanisms for securing the resources and assets between the sharing parties of a business transaction. However, Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) is a new paradigm of computing that considers "services" as fundamental elements for developing applications/solutions. SOC has many advantages that support IT to improve and increase its capabilities. SOC allows flexibility to be integrated into application development. This allows services to be provided in a highly distributed manner by Web services. Many organisations and enterprises have undertaken developments using SOC. Web services (WSs) are examples of SOC. WSs have become more powerful and sophisticated in recent years and are being used successfully for inter-operable solutions across various networks. The main benefit of web services is that they use machine-to-machine interaction. This leads initially to explore the "Quality" aspect of the services. Quality of Service (QoS) describes many techniques that prioritise one type of traffic or programme that operates across a network connection. Hence, QoS has rules to determine which requests have priority and uses these rules in order to specify their priority to real-time communications. In addition, these rules can be sophisticated and expressed as policies that constrain the behaviour of these services. The rules (policies) should be addressed and enforced by the security mechanism. Moreover, in SOC and in particular web services, services are black boxes where behaviour may be completely determined by its interaction with other services under confederation system. Therefore, we propose the design and implementation of the “behaviour of services,” which is constrained by QoS policies. We formulate and implement novel techniques for web service policy-based QoS, which leads to the development of a framework for observing services. These services interact with each other by verifying them in a formal and systematic manner. This framework can be used to specify security policies in a succinct and unambiguous manner; thus, we developed a set of rules that can be applied inductively to verify the set of traces generated by the specification of our model’s policy. These rules could be also used for verifying the functionality of the system. In order to demonstrate the protection features of information system that is able to specify and concisely describe a set of traces generated, we subsequently consider the design and management of Ponder policy language to express QoS and its associated based on criteria, such as, security. An algorithm was composed for analysing the observations that are constrained by policies, and then a prototype system for demonstrating the observation architecture within the education sector. Finally, an enforcement system was used to successfully deploy the prototype’s infrastructure over Web services in order to define an optimisation model that would capture efficiency requirements. Therefore, our assumption is, tracing and observing the communication between services and then takes the decision based on their behaviour and history. Hence, the big issue here is how do we ensure that some given security requirements are satisfied and enforced? The scenario here is under confederation system and based on the following: System’s components are Web-services. These components are black boxes and designed/built by various vendors. Topology is highly changeable. Consequently, the main issues are: • The proposal, design and development of a prototype of observation system that manages security policy and its associated aspects by evaluating the outcome results via the evaluator model. • Taming the design complexity of the observation system by leaving considerable degrees of freedom for their structure and behaviour and by bestowing upon them certain characteristics, and to learn and adapt with respect to dynamically changing environments.
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Meyer, John Maximilian. "An Architecture for Policy-Aware Intentional Agents." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1619199523368049.
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Birge, David (David Porter). "Embedded autonomies projecting an American middle-Class polis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99270.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
What possible response to the last forty years of depressed wages can the American middle-class have? Along with long established tactics on the consumption side of the production equation -- namely collective housing and collective purchasing -- a new form of economic autonomy is emerging from within the very tool-kit of Neoliberalism. Due to its vastly smaller scale and increased productivity, minimal environmental impact, and rapidly decreasing costs, automation technologies provide opportunity for collective ownership of joint factories. Here, the vast array of skilled middle-class workers can converge to share a base system of advanced production, consequently renewing their economic competitiveness. While individually the three forms of collective action might only require a diffuse spatialization, or no collocation whatsoever, the combination of all three collective strategies within the same spatial container suggests a potentially new form of living, one which goes beyond the simple abutting of live/work spaces, to the definition of a total life-world. To mediate this complexity I have appropriated a subtle archi-tectonic device, the plenum, as the infrastructure that simultaneously buffers and connects the two typically disparate worlds of material work and social re-production. The plenum does this by providing a flexible super-structure for services, people, and material to pass through, for program to attach to and utilize for its own specificity, and as a zone of mediation which allows spaces of industry and living to collide. With the collective control over these new spaces of both simple reproduction and extended production, founded on the appropriation of advanced forms of automated production, my thesis proposes the return to older modes of communal living and resilience through co-production and co-habitation, and hence the rebirth of the collective life-world. This design project is a first step in envisioning a new, American middle-class polis, defined here as the prior definition of a social and political form of existence. It harkens back to the very origin of the American mythology of self-sufficiency, to the Mayflower Compact, which set up a self-governance which understood that this self-sufficiency was not possible at the scale of the individual, but only at the scale of the community.
by David Birge.
S.M.
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Ferreira, Bento J. M. D. "Architecture as public policy. the role and effectiveness of national architectural policies in the European Union : the cases of Ireland, Scotland and The Netherlands." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1557359/.
Full textAbstract:
Since the beginning of the 1990s, a growing number of European countries have been developing national policies on Architecture. Reflecting the wide diversity of cultures across the EU, some member states have adopted comprehensive policies setting up a wide range of initiatives while others have approved national legislation addressed to clients and stakeholders or created cultural institutions. Despite their differences, all the approaches share the will to promote well-designed living environments. Hosting these concerns, the EU Council adopted a Resolution on Architectural Quality in 2001, encouraging the member states to promote architecture and urban design as a way to achieve high-quality environments. However, some member states remain sceptical and even suspicious about the effectiveness of a formal policy on Architecture and prefer not to follow this trend without further evidence. In the face of this phenomenon, it is relevant to clarify the role of a national Architectural policy and if it really enhances the role of the state in promoting better places. Following an inductive research strategy, the main objective of this research is to improve the understanding of the role and effectiveness of national Architecture policies in processes of design governance. The research will start by examining to what extent the adoption of formal Architecture policies by the member states has been influenced by an Europeanization process. Then it will explore the comprehensive Architecture policies discourse to uncover the main values and ideas that underlie a formal policy in this domain. Finally, this research will seek to evaluate the effectiveness of a formal Architecture policy through a comparative analysis of current practices among three EU member states: Ireland, Scotland and the Netherlands. In sum, this research is a theorization of Architecture as public policy, a methodology for the study of this phenomenon and a comparative study of national Architecture policies.
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Lira, Rueda Javier. "Managing dynamic non-uiform cache architectures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/80381.
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Researchers from both academia and industry agree that future CMPs will accommodate large shared on-chip last-level caches.
However, the exponential increase in multicore processor cache sizes accompanied by growing on-chip wire delays make it difficult
to implement traditional caches with a single, uniform access latency. Non-Uniform Cache Access (NUCA) designs have been
proposed to address this situation. A NUCA cache divides the whole cache memory into smaller banks that are distributed along the
chip and can be accessed independently. Response time in NUCA caches does not only depend on the latency of the actual bank,
but also on the time required to reach the bank that has the requested data and to send it to the core. So, the NUCA cache allows
those banks that are located next to the cores to have lower access latencies than the banks that are further away, thus mitigating
the effects of the cache’s internal wires.
These cache architectures have been traditionally classified based on their placement decisions as static (S-NUCA) or dynamic (DNUCA).
In this thesis, we have focused on D-NUCA as it exploits the dynamic features that NUCA caches offer, like data migration.
The flexibility that D-NUCA provides, however, raises new challenges that hardens the management of this kind of cache
architectures in CMP systems. We have identified these new challenges and tackled them from the point of view of the four NUCA
policies: replacement, access, placement and migration.
First, we focus on the challenges introduced by the replacement policy in D-NUCA. Data migration makes most frequently accessed
data blocks to be concentrated on the banks that are closer to the processors. This creates big differences in the average usage
rate of the NUCA banks, being the banks that are close to the processors the most accessed banks, while the banks that are further
away are not accessed so often. Upon a replacement in a particular bank of the NUCA cache, the probabilities of the evicted data
block to be reused by the program will differ if its last location in the NUCA cache was a bank that are close to the processors, or
not. The decentralized nature of NUCA, however, prevents a NUCA bank from knowing that other bank is constantly evicting data
blocks that are later being reused. We propose three different techniques to dealwith the replacement policy, being The Auction the
most successful one.
Then, we deal with the challenges in the access policy. As data blocks can be mapped in multiple banks within the NUCA cache.
Finding the requesting data in a D-NUCA cache is a difficult task. In addition, data can freely move between these banks, thus the
search scheme must look up all banks where the requesting data block can be mapped to ascertain if it is in the NUCA cache, or
not. We have proposed HK-NUCA. This is a search scheme that uses home knowledge to effectively reduce the average number of
messages introduced to the on-chip network to satisfy a memory request.
With regard to the placement policy, this thesis shows the implementation of a hybrid NUCA cache. We have proposed a novel
placement policy that accomodates both memory technologies, SRAM and eDRAM, in a single NUCA cache.
Finally, in order to deal with the migration policy in D-NUCA caches, we propose The Migration Prefetcher. This is a technique that
anticipates data migrations.
Summarizing, in this thesis we propose different techniques to efficiently manage future D-NUCA cache architectures on CMPs. We
demonstrate the effectivity of our techniques to deal with the challenges introduced by D-NUCA caches. Our techniques outperform
existing solutions in the literature, and are in most cases more energy efficient.CMPs actuales integran memorias cache de último nivel cada vez más grandes dentro del chip. Roadmaps en la industria y trabajos en ámbito académico muestran que esta tendencia seguirá en los próximos años. Sin embargo, los altos retrasos en la red de interconexión y el cableado hace que sea cada vez más difícil de implementar memorias cachés tradicionales con una única y uniforme latencia de acceso. Para solventar esta situación aparecieron los diseños NUCA (Non-Uniform Cache Access). Una caché de tipo NUCA divide una memoria grande en bloques más pequeños que se distribuyen a lo largo del chip y pueden ser accedidos de manera independiente. De esta manera el tiempo de respuesta en una caché NUCA no depende sólo de la latencia de un banco, sino que también se tiene en cuenta el tiempo de enrutamiento de la petición hasta y desde el banco de la NUCA que responde. La posición física de un banco en el chip es clave para determinar la latencia de acceso a NUCA, entonces bancos que se encuentren más cerca de los cores tendrán menores latencias de acceso que otros que estén más alejados. Las cachés NUCA se pueden clasificar como estáticas (S-NUCA) o dinámicas (D-NUCA), basándonos en sus decisiones de emplazamiento. Esta tesis se centra en D-NUCA. Este diseño permite a un dato migrar de banco en banco a fín de reducir la latencia de futuros accesos a ese dato, pero también ofrece otros retos que deben ser investigados para gestionar estas cachés de manera eficiente. Hemos identificado y explorado estos retos desde el punto de vista de las cuatro políticas NUCA: reemplazo, acceso, emplazamiento y migración. En primer lugar nos hemos centrado en la política de reemplazo. La migración de datos permite que los datos que se utilizan más frequentemente se concentren en aquellos bancos que estan más cerca de los cores. Ésto crea grandes diferencias en el uso medio de los bancos en NUCA, siendo los bancos cercanos a los cores los más accedidos, mientras que los bancos lejanos no se acceden tan a menudo. Debido a las diferencias en la frequencia de reemplazos entre bancos, las probabilidades de que el dato expulsado sea reusado en un futuro crecerán o disminuirán dependiendo del banco donde se efectuó el reemplazo. Por otro lado, los trabajos previos en la política de reemplazo no son efectivos en este tipo de cachés ya que los bancos trabajan de manera independiente. Nosotros proponemos tres técnicas de reemplazo para NUCA, siendo The Auction la técnica con mayor beneficio. En cuanto a los retos con la política de acceso, como los datos se pueden mapear en diversos bancos dentro de la caché NUCA, encontrarlos se convierte en una tarea complicada y costosa. Aquí, nosotros proponemos HK-NUCA. Es un algoritmo de acceso que usa el conocimiento integrado en los bancos "home" para reducir de manera eficiente el número medio de accesos necesarios para resolver una petición de memoria. Para analizar la política de emplazamiento, esta tesis muestra la implementación de una caché NUCA híbrida. Nuestra política de emplazamiento permite integrar ambas tecnologías, SRAM y eDRAM, en un único nivel de cache NUCA. Finalmente, en cuanto a la migración en D-NUCA, hemos propuesto The Migration Prefetcher. Es una técnica que permite anticipar migraciones de datos usando el conocimiento adquirido por el historial de accesos. En resumen, esta tesis propone diferentes técnicas para gestionar de manera eficiente las futuras arquitecturas de memoria caché D-NUCA en un entorno CMP. A lo largo de la tesis, demostramos la efectividad de las técnicas propuestas para paliar los efectos inducidos por el hecho de utilizar cachés D-NUCA. Estas técnicas, además de obtener mayor rendimiento que otros mecanismos existentes en la literatura, son en muchos casos más eficientes en términos de energía.
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Bielawski, M., J. Jurišić, T. Lenz, Rusche T. Maxian, and C. Nippert. "Via : communis Europa ; Europe's architecture in 2020." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4845/.
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Gao, Mingzheng 1965. "Population policy and urban housing in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66389.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 52).
This thesis will focus on how urban housing design reflects the new one-child family population policy in the traditional urban context in Beijing, China. The population policy has changed the size and structure of traditional family, and further affected children's growing up environment. Children, used to grow up in a joint family of three generations in a traditional courtyard house, now have isolated by apartment box. The traditional social and spatial relationships among children, families, and neighbors have been extremely weakened. My intention is to restore the lost relationships for lonely children in a high density residential complex. This complex, transformed from the traditional single story courtyard house, becomes one big house, where all neighbors live under one roof as one big family. As a consequence, children in a one child family still have the same feeling of multi generations living together as their old generations had before.
by Mingzheng Gao.
M.Arch.
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Maninjwa, Prosecutor Mvikeli. "Managing an information security policy architecture : a technical documentation perspective." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020757.
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Information and the related assets form critical business assets for most organizations. Organizations depend on their information assets to survive and to remain competitive. However, the organization’s information assets are faced with a number of internal and external threats, aimed at compromising the confidentiality, integrity and/or availability (CIA) of information assets. These threats can be of physical, technical, or operational nature. For an organization to successfully conduct its business operations, information assets should always be protected from these threats. The process of protecting information and its related assets, ensuring the CIA thereof, is referred to as information security. To be effective, information security should be viewed as critical to the overall success of the organization, and therefore be included as one of the organization’s Corporate Governance sub-functions, referred to as Information Security Governance. Information Security Governance is the strategic system for directing and controlling the organization’s information security initiatives. Directing is the process whereby management issues directives, giving a strategic direction for information security within an organization. Controlling is the process of ensuring that management directives are being adhered to within an organization. To be effective, Information Security Governance directing and controlling depend on the organization’s Information Security Policy Architecture. An Information Security Policy Architecture is a hierarchical representation of the various information security policies and related documentation that an organization has used. When directing, management directives should be issued in the form of an Information Security Policy Architecture, and controlling should ensure adherence to the Information Security Policy Architecture. However, this study noted that in both literature and organizational practices, Information Security Policy Architectures are not comprehensively addressed and adequately managed. Therefore, this study argues towards a more comprehensive Information Security Policy Architecture, and the proper management thereof.
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Urushibara, Hiroshi. "Housing policy and design : the role of housing policy and its effects on design in Japan and Britain." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301114.
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Zhang, An, and 張安. "A conceptual framework of integrated landscape policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209434.
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Due to the diversity of landscapes and the complexity of landscape policies, integration principle plays a very important role in formulating a conceptual framework for effective landscape policies. This is often overlooked in normal practice of landscape related policy making, as a result of overemphasizing development and economic growth by local government. If the integration principle could be taken into account sufficiently, a consciously more responsive approach for landscape policy making could be formulated with higher effectiveness and less uncertainty.
This thesis seeks to contribute to the system of landscape policy that integrates multiple environmental and spatial planning concerns into its processes and structures. This thesis has combined landscape planning and policy theories to analyze landscape policies currently in force in cities of Asia to demonstrate the complexity of landscape policies and the importance of integration in policymaking process.
While there are few approaches in landscape policy studies except the European Landscape Convention which is a continental scale treaty with focus on environmental and cultural conservation within the context of Europe, there are widespread research on public policies particularly in urban planning, environmental protection, and sustainable development which provided plentiful sources as references. To apply integration principle in policymaking on the basis that landscape policy of nowadays is even important than before, a conceptual framework of landscape policy is established to gauge impacts and changes, as well as to inform planning, and implementation progressively.
After providing a combined literature review of landscape architectural theories, landscape policy related areas, and practices of current landscape policymaking, this thesis discusses the importance of integrated approach in landscape policymaking due to the complexity and multidisciplinarity nature of landscape architecture discourse, and sets a two-way action between theory and practice as research strategy. After an overview of current landscape policies of Europe and Asia, this thesis has summarized four types of landscape policies based on its administrative level to reflect the hierarchical structure of landscape policy, from European Landscape Convention at global level to Hong Kong’s Greening Master Plan at project scale. This thesis further looks into two best practices of landscape policymaking in Japan and Singapore, to further elaborate the conceptual basis of the research and analyze the gap between current landscape policies and its urban development practice context. Case studies of Japan and Singapore are employed as references for both discussion and comparative purpose, aiming to demonstrate different ways in which integration principle could be utilized and interpreted with coherent consistency across policy levels and different government sectors, so as to clarify implications of integration principle in policymaking, implementation, and the following continuous improvement processes mainly at city level.
The study is concluded by highlighting key issues of conceptual framework with recommendations for further research on integrated landscape policymaking, by applying Grounded Theory as main research method through collection and analysis of qualitative data, with the use of both explorative and interpretive approaches.published_or_final_version
Architecture
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Nowara, Malgorzata T. "La sécession dans l'architecture à Cracovie, 1897-1914: un costume national, moderne et européen." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210725.
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La Sécession dans l’architecture à Cracovie (1897-1914) Un costume national, moderne et européenA la fin du XIXe et au début du XXe siècle, l’Art nouveau envahit la majeure partie de l’Europe. Dans chaque pays, ce mouvement artistique prit des appellations et des physionomies différentes. Mélangé souvent aux traditions locales, ce style international développa un langage original jusqu’à devenir parfois synonyme de style national, revêtant selon le cas un costume national, moderne et européen.
Dans ce contexte international et de promotion de l’identité nationale, le cas très particulier de la Pologne est révélateur, puisqu’elle avait disparue des cartes de l’Europe et était partagée entre trois puissances :la Prusse, la Russie et l’Autriche. Pourtant si l’Etat polonais n’existait plus, la nation n’a jamais cessé d’exister à travers la culture et la religion. A ce titre l’étude de l’architecture de Cracovie, - ancienne capitale de la Pologne, sous occupation austro-hongroise, en Galicie - est significative.
A Cracovie, le style sécessionniste - expression utilisée dans l’Empire austro-hongrois et repris pour l’ensemble de la Pologne - influença le développement de tous les arts. Cependant de nos jours, ces traces sont surtout visibles sur les façades des édifices. De ce fait, notre analyse s’est limitée aux différents costumes sécessionnistes décoratifs dans l’architecture de Cracovie, pendant la période de la Sécession, c’est-à-dire de 1897 à 1914, dans huit quartiers, les plus anciens de la ville.
Au tournant du siècle, Cracovie devint très vite le berceau du mouvement sécessionniste en Pologne, le centre de la modernité, une ville européenne novatrice dans tous les domaines artistiques. Lieu de naissance de la « Jeune Pologne », les premières innovations apparurent grâce à de nombreuses personnalités artistiques marquantes, d’abord en peinture, ensuite en littérature et dans les arts plastiques, enfin en architecture.
La Sécession a laissé une quantité impressionnante de traces dans l’architecture cracovienne, décorant les plus importants monuments de tous les quartiers, s’illustrant dans les immeubles à appartements privés et laissant derrière elle également quelques chefs-d’œuvre.
Le premier chapitre intitulé « La ville de Cracovie », brosse un aperçu du cadre général. Il vise à préciser dans ses grandes lignes le caractère spécifique de la tradition culturelle polonaise à Cracovie.
Le deuxième chapitre « La Sécession et la ville de Cracovie » intègre le rapport de la Sécession à l’intérieur de la ville et ce sous différents angles de vue. C’est doté de cet héritage que les écrivains, les artistes, les architectes et les constructeurs de la fin du siècle vécurent la crise qui remettait en question la fonction et le sens de leur activité par rapport à leur identité nationale. Leur dilemme est illustré par les plus grandes figures de la littérature et des arts plastiques. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence leur difficile tâche d’adaptation de cet héritage culturel, chacun à sa manière, aux problèmes liés aux nouvelles tendances modernes.
Le troisième chapitre intitulé « La Sécession dans l’architecture » constitue le cœur de notre thèse. Il est une analyse rétrospective du système sécessionniste dans l’architecture à Cracovie, accompagné d’un inventaire détaillé de la Sécession dans l’architecture de la ville. Il intègre ensuite ce thème dans le contexte national et le compare avec la situation dans d’autres métropoles européennes.
Le quatrième chapitre, « La Sécession dans les rues de la ville » donne de la perspective à notre inventaire en intégrant la Sécession dans le paysage urbain.
Le cinquième chapitre « L’Homme et la Sécession » s’intéresse à l’interaction entre l’homme et la Sécession et mettra en évidence les propriétaires, les commanditaires, les architectes et les constructeurs.
Enfin, le sixième chapitre intitulé « La Sécession et les juifs de Cracovie » met en relation l’apparition du nouveau style avec une partie de la population polonaise, les juifs de la ville.
De nos jours, il est difficile d’avoir une vue d’ensemble de l’intégration de la Sécession sur les territoires polonais sous occupation au tournant du XIXe et du XXe siècle et dans une plus large mesure en Europe. Il est cependant indéniable qu’elle fit sa première apparition à Cracovie et qu’elle y a marqué de son empreinte une quantité considérable de constructions, avant de s’étendre sur les territoires polonais sous occupation, et prétendre être le berceau de la Sécession en Pologne.
A la différence des autres pays européens, la Sécession cracovienne ne fut pas fondée sur des principes théoriques, sur un programme, résultant de l’évolution socio-historique du pays dont la situation était des plus complexes. En effet, elle a subi l’influence de différents courants européens, surtout de la Sécession viennoise, en revêtant différents costumes :national, moderne et européen.
Résultat de la convergence de facteurs culturels, politiques, économiques, sociaux, démographiques et esthétiques, Cracovie fin de siècle fut un lieu d’expérimentation et constitue encore aujourd’hui, le foyer vivant de cette dynamique culturelle et artistique née à la fin du XIXe siècle.
Si durant l’histoire, la Sécession dans l’architecture de Cracovie n’a pas toujours été appréciée à sa juste valeur, de nos jours un regain d’intérêt se fait sentir notamment par de nouvelles restaurations.
A présent, il est possible de cerner l’ampleur du phénomène sécessionniste à Cracovie. Une analyse de la présence du style dans tous les quartiers de la ville, ainsi que des constructions détruites, est nécessaire afin de mettre en évidence la véritable diffusion du nouveau style dans la ville au tournant du XIXe et du XXe siècle.
La présente thèse constitue un premier pas dans la compréhension du phénomène. Les résultats des travaux en cours au niveau européen permettront d’intégrer davantage la Sécession cracovienne dans un contexte international et de tisser des liens éventuels entre les différents foyers artistiques.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire de l'art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Kourtesis, Marios. "Creating a Secure Server Architecture and Policy for Linux-based Systems." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap (DV), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-41007.
Full textAbstract:
Creating and maintaining servers for hosting services in a secure and reliable way is an important but complex and time-consuming task. Misconfiguration and lack of server maintenance can potentially make the system vulnerable. Hackers can exploit these vulnerabilities in order to penetrate into the system internals and cause damage. Having a standard architecture/configuration supporting the needed services saves time and resources while it reduces security risks. A server architecture protected by a security policy can secure the integrity and quality of the overall services. This research demonstrates building a secure server architecture protected by a security policy. To achieve this a security policy and a checklist was designed and combined with a host based IDPS, a NMS and a WAF.
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Harrison, Michael Thomas. "Meeting policy objectives through public/private partnerships--the redevelopment of Pennsylvania Avenue." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66726.
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Davis, Noel R. "Effects of planning and policy decisions on residential land use in Singapore." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72625.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M. in Building Technology)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-197).
A study of current land use in Singapore shows that through effective long-term space planning, the island city-state has maintained an adequate stock of developable residential land to meet its most ambitious maximum population projections. Two indicators of residential land use efficiency are defined: Residential Land Use Footprint, [Lambda]r, measures the per-capita residential land requirement; Mean Residential Redevelopment Time, [Tau]r, defines the weighted average time for the government to redevelop a typical plot of residential land. A dynamic stock-and- ow model is described to calculate the historical residential land use footprint and mean residential redevelopment time between 1990 and 2011. Finding that the primary driver of residential land use footprint is the change in household occupant density, a System Dynamics model is developed to simulate the historical housing price, supply response, and occupant density. Using a stock management structure to modulate housing supply and commodity dynamics structures to determine housing prices, the calibrated model is used to forecast the behavior trends of several housing policy and population growth scenarios.
by Noel R. Davis.
S.M.in Building Technology
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Richards, Matthew G. "On-orbit serviceability of space system architectures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35587.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-182).
On-orbit servicing is the process of improving a space-based capability through a combination of in-orbit activities which may include inspection; rendezvous and docking; and value-added modifications to a satellite's position, orientation, and operational status. As a means to extend the useful life or operational flexibility of spacecraft, on-orbit servicing constitutes one pathway to a responsive space enterprise. Following launch, traditional satellite operations are tightly constrained by an inability to access the orbiting vehicle. With the exception of software upgrades from ground controllers, operators are wedded to supporting payload technologies that become rapidly obsolete and to bus structures that deform during the stress of launch and degrade in the harsh environment of space. On-orbit servicing offers satellite operators an option for maintaining or improving space-based capabilities without launching a new spacecraft. Numerous studies have been performed on on-orbit servicing, particularly regarding the architecture of the servicing provider. Several customer valuation case studies have also been performed to identify the economic case (or lack thereof) for different categories of servicing missions.
(cont.) Little work, however, has been done to analyze the tradespace of potential on-orbit servicing customers-a global analysis of operational satellites currently orbiting the Earth. The goal of this research is to develop and test a methodology to assess the physical amenability of satellites currently in operation to on-orbit servicing. As defined here, physical amenability of a target satellite, or "serviceability," refers to the relative complexity required of a teleoperated or autonomously controlled robotic vehicle to accomplish on-orbit servicing. A three-step process is followed to perform serviceability assessments. First, a taxonomy of space systems is constructed to add structure to the problem and to identify satellite attributes that drive servicing mission complexity. Second, a methodology is proposed to assess serviceability across the four servicing activities of rendezvous, acquire, access, and service.
(cont.) This includes development of an agent-based model based on orbital transfers as well as a generalized framework in which serviceability is decomposed into four elements: (1) knowledge, (2) scale, (3) precision, and (4) timing. Third, the value of architecture frameworks and systems engineering modeling languages for conducting serviceability assessments is explored through the development of a discrete event simulation of the Hubble Space Telescope. The thesis concludes with prescriptive technical considerations for designing serviceable satellites and a discussion of the political, legal, and financial challenges facing servicing providers.
by Matthew G. Richards.
S.M.
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Vickery, D. Jason (David Jason) 1969. "REITs & market power : an analysis of market power theory and antitrust policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70718.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 30-31).
During the late 1980's and early 1990's, Real Estate Investment Trust ("REITs") accumulated large portfolios of properties. During this period, REITs were able to grow through acquisitions alone, arbitraging their low cost of capital relative to private asset valuations. This changed the real estate industry and for the first time, real estate entities have concentrated ownership in an industry traditionally characterized by fractionalized ownership. Today, there is tremendous pressure from the public markets for REITs to continue to grow. This has lead the management of REITs to seek alternative growth strategies. These strategies include cost economies of scale, branding, growth of non-real estate related revenue, vertical integration, and exertion of market power. This thesis studies market power in real estate, focusing specifically on whether REITs are currently exerting market power. The first part of the paper reviews the economic theory of market power and the antitrust laws. Economic concepts such as elasticity of supply, elasticity of demand, barriers to entry and market contestability are examined in a real estate context. The antitrust laws and the government's definitions of market power and relevant markets are reviewed and applied to the real estate industry.
by D. Jason Vickery.
S.M.
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Magaña, Perdomo Edgar. "A Distributed and Heuristic Policy-based Management Architecture for Large-Scale Grids." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6917.
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The aim of this thesis is to design and implement a new Grid Resource Management methodology, where non-massive resources owners would be able to share their resources and integrate human collaboration across multiple domains regardless of network technology, operative platform or administrative domain.This thesis proposes a distributed and heuristic policy-based resource management architecture for large-scale Grids. The resource management architecture proposed herein is composed of four main building blocs: services management, resource discovery and monitoring, resource scheduling and jobs allocation and activation. The Grid Services Management (GSM) and Jobs Allocation and Activation (JAA) are supported by means of a Policy-based Grid Resource Management Architecture (PbGRMA). This architecture is able to identify service needs arising from diverse sources during the deployment and management of Grid Services, such as requirements demanded by customers, applications and network conditions. Afterwards, the PbGRMA merges these requirements into deployment policies for the corresponding Grid Services. The Grid Resource Discovery and Monitoring (GRDM) is supported by the introduction of the SNMP-based Balanced Load Monitoring Agents for Resource Scheduling (SBLOMARS), in which network and computational resources are monitored by distributed agents. This allows for a flexible, heterogeneous and scalable monitoring system. The Grid Resource Scheduling (GRS) is based on the Balanced Load Multi-Constrained Resource Scheduler (BLOMERS). This heuristic scheduler represents an alternate way of solving the inherent NP-hard problem for resource scheduling in large-scale distributed networks by means of the implementation of a Genetic Algorithm.
Finally, based on the outcome of both the GRDM and GRS, the PbGRMA allocates the corresponding Grid Services by means of its interfaces with Globus ToolKit Middleware and Unix-based CLI commands along of any large-scale Grid Infrastructure.
The synergy obtained by these components allows Grid administrators to exploit the available resources with predetermined levels of Quality of Service (QoS), reducing computational costs and makespan in resource scheduling while ensuring that the resource load is balanced throughout the Grid. The makespan of a schedule is the time required for all jobs to be processed when no one job could be interrupted during its execution and each node can perform at most one operation at any time.
This new approach has been successfully tested in a real large-scale scenario such as Grid5000. The results presented along this Thesis show that our general solution is a reliable, flexible and scalable architecture to deploy and manage Grid Services in large-scale Grid Infrastructures. Moreover, the substitution of the heuristic algorithm approach used into the Grid Resource Scheduling (GRS) phase by other non-heuristics selection algorithms could make our solution useful in smaller Grid Infrastructures.
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Peng, Ruijue. "Towards a new housing approach : analysis of settlement environment and housing policy in Shanghai, China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15043.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: leaves 72-74.
In the recent decade, China has been facing serious housing shortages and inequalities in the urban sector. Shanghai, the largest and the most congested city in the country, represents housing problems of China in its extreme. Based upon the situation of this city, the thesis demonstrates the working of China's urban housing policy: its achievements in eliminating urban slums at the early stage and its failure of providing adequate housing later on. The analysis of the housing problems is focused on the notion that housing should be a universally provided welfare commodity. A variety of negative effects resulted from this notion are broken down to illustrate: i) low priority and of investment and low production; ii) inequalities in distribution; iii) heavily subsidized rents; iv) difficulties in cost recovery; v) "stereotyped" new residential construct ion. In the light of the analysis, the thesis discusses the current experiment in housing policy reform. Although the direction of the reform toward commercialization seems appropriate, the actual remedial policy provides only a temporary relief of the housing shortage but complicates inequalities in the urban sector. The argument of the thesis is that practical reforms should challenge the investment pattern and the distribution structure which have together led the problems. A combination of market and non-market methods to channel state housing services and subsidies to different income is suggested as a more effective way. In addition, the reform of policy will inevitably have its impacts on architectural design. The aim of the thesis is to provide an overview of housing development in China. It shows that China shares with many industrializing countries a shortage of housing and housing inequality in the urban sector. Its housing problem, however, is brought about by a peculiar set of policy directives and institutional arrangements that differs entirely from many countries. The study provides a reference for future policy formulation in China.
by Ruijue Peng.
M.S.
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Richardson, Robert Richard. "Creative housing : from provision to enablement : contexting housing policy through the investigation of support structures." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16356.
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In South Africa, the pressure on the infrastructure and facilities of the city - designed for a privileged few and now accessible to a growing populace - has resulted in two generic conditions. Urban economic centres have either relocated to areas outside of the city- exacerbating sprawl and destroying our urban legacy, or, as in the case of Cape Town, as a result of topography; the racial and political boundaries constructed by the colonial and apartheid state have been replaced by social and economic divisions. The coincidence of the natural topographic assets of Cape Town and the resultant eccentric focus of the city constructed by such topography has created a reversal of the normal population densities of the city. The most densely populated suburbs occur on the periphery while the economic opportunities still exist mainly in the centre. The resultant daily migration to and from work, creates huge pressure on public transportation and infrastructure. The desire for urbanization and the scarcity of affordable resources creates numerable urban pathologies which manifest themselves on the boundary between the periphery and interior. Rapid urbanization and the incapacity of the state to cope in the provision of accessible and affordable housing has resulted in the development of resilient self-aided local typologies which can accommodate the realities of the South African condition• It is my thesis that these local types form a necessary context through which housing design and urban policy should be informed, in order to create an alternative approach to housing in our country.
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Gharib, Remah Younis. "Revitalising historic Cairo : examining the public policy formulation and implementation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11520/.
Full textAbstract:
Historic Cairo is one of the major World Heritage sites due to the massive amount of built heritage and traditional societies it embraces. Since the 1980s, the historic quarters of Cairo have undergone many preservational efforts either by the local government or international organisations. Plenty of resources are being poured into the urban revitalisation process. However, with less significant outcomes except for two or three examples undertaken by non-governmental bodies. On the other hand, several policies have been generated by the government to facilitate the revitalisation of Historic Cairo with its different quarters;nevertheless, the majority continue to be ineffective and unhelpful to the local communities. The focus of this study is to examine how the government revitalizes the historic quarters,what are the policies generated during the last three decades, who are the key players in the implementation process, and what are the major challenges. This study is addressed through a qualitative, quantitative and narrative analysis with the users, officials and contributors to the process of revitalising Historic Cairo, especially Al-Gamalia and Darb Al Ahmar Quarters. The study will show the implementation of government policies in relation to the 1980 UNESCO Plan, 1997 UNDP/Supreme Council of Antiquities, and 1997 Aga Khan Trust for Culture programs for revitalising Old Cairo´s quarters. The study reveals the neglected challenges toward the communities´ rights and the revitalisation efforts focuses more on the preservation of single buildings without a comprehensive methodology of urban revitalisation and sustainable development.
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Fero, Allison. "A scalable architecture for the interconnection of microgrids." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115007.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2017.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 789-84).
Electrification is a global challenge that is especially acute in India, where about one fifth of the population has no access to electricity. Solar powered microgrid technology is a viable central grid alternative in the electrification of India, especially in remote areas where grid extension is cost prohibitive. However, the upfront costs of microgrid development, coupled with inadequate financing, have led to the implementation of small scale, stand alone systems. Thus, the costs of local generation and storage are a substantial barrier to acquisition of the technology. Furthermore, the issues of uncertainty, intermittency, and variability of renewable generation are daunting in small microgrids due to lack of aggregation. In this work, a methodology is provided that maximizes system-wide reliability through the design of a computationally scalable communication and control architecture for the interconnection of microgrids. An optimization based control system is proposed that finds optimal load scheduling and energy sharing decisions subject to system dynamics, power balance constraints, and congestion constraints, while maximizing network-wide reliability. The model is first formulated as a centralized optimization problem, and the value of interconnection is assessed using supply and demand data gathered in India. The model is then formulated as a layered decomposition, in which local scheduling optimization occurs at each microgrid, requiring only nearest neighbor communication to ensure feasibility of the solutions. Finally, a methodology is proposed to generate distributed optimal policies for a network of Linear Quadratic Regulators that are each making decisions coupled by network flow constraints. The LQR solution is combined with network flow dual decomposition to generate a fully decomposed algorithm for finding the dynamic programming solution of the LQR subject to network flow constraints.
by Allison Fero.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Le, Roux André. "Re-drawing the thin blue line: Re-configuring the public interface of the Delft Police Station." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28063.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation has two departure points: the social phenomena of crime, particularly in Delft, and a concern with the character of institutional buildings, particularly in 'township' areas. These two departure points intersect in an interrogation of the police station as an architectural type, particularly the Delft Police Station. The police are often referred to as the 'thin blue line', suggesting an agency that delicately differentiates between the community and criminal activity. The apartheid era has left this line thickened and its effects are still felt in the buildings that it left behind, despite the shift from a police force to a police service, post-1994. This dissertation hopes to reconfigure this line in both; a physical way, through built form but also a social way, using mixture of programme. To produce a building that encourages interaction with the vibrant community, Delft.
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Kiani, Adnan K. "Design of multi-homing architecture for mobile hosts." Thesis, Brunel University, 2009. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3867.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis proposes a new multi-homing mobile architecture for future heterogeneous network environment. First, a new multi-homed mobile architecture called Multi Network Switching enabled Mobile IPv6 (MNS-MIP6) is proposed which enables a Mobile Node (MN) having multiple communication paths between itself and its Correspondent Node (CN) to take full advantage of being multi-homed. Multiple communication paths exist because MN, CN, or both are simultaneously attached to multiple access networks. A new sub layer is introduced within IP layer of the host’s protocol stack. A context is established between the MN and the CN. Through this context, additional IP addresses are exchanged between the two. Our MNS-MIP6 architecture allows one communication to smoothly switch from one interface/communication path to another. This switch remains transparent to other layers above IP. Second, to make communication more reliable in multi-homed mobile environments, a new failure detection and recovery mechanism called Mobile Reach ability Protocol (M-REAP) is designed within the proposed MNS-MIP6 architecture. The analysis shows that our new mechanism makes communication more reliable than the existing failure detection and recovery procedures in multi-homed mobile environments. Third, a new network selection mechanism is introduced in the proposed architecture which enables a multi-homed MN to choose the network best suited for particular application traffic. A Policy Engine is defined which takes parameters from iv the available networks, compares them according to application profiles and user preferences, and chooses the best network. The results show that in multi-homed mobile environment, load can be shared among different networks/interfaces through our proposed load sharing mechanism. Fourth, a seamless handover procedure is introduced in the system which enables multi-homed MN to seamlessly roam in a heterogeneous network environment. Layer 2 triggers are defined which assist in handover process. When Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) on a currently used active interface becomes low, a switch is made to a different active interface. We show through mathematical and simulation analysis that our proposed scheme outperforms the existing popular handover management enhancement scheme in MIPv6 networks namely Fast Handover for MIPv6 (FMIPv6). Finally, a mechanism is introduced to allow legacy hosts to communicate with MNS-MIP6 MNs and gain the benefits of reliability, load sharing and seamless handover. The mechanism involves introducing middle boxes in CN’s network. These boxes are called Proxy-MNS boxes. Context is established between the middle boxes and a multi-homed MN.
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Ong, Vanessa L. "An architecture and prototype system for automatically processing natural-language statements of policy." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA390812.
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Stein, Catherine Alexandra. "Alteration, acquiescence." This title; PDF viewer required. Home page for entire collection, 2009. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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Irani, Ali M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Urban building energy modeling and retrofit design as a means to inform effective public policy : Boston case study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106407.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-42).
Residential buildings use upwards of 20% of the total energy consumed annually in the United States. This, coupled with the desire to reduce overall utility costs and improve occupant comfort on the part of residents, places cities, as the main catalyst for local energy policy, at the forefront of the drive for a more sustainable built environment. This thesis seeks to explore the potential savings associated with energy retrofits in selected neighborhoods in the city of Boston, by developing a comprehensive urban energy model and implementing two retrofit strategies. As part of the methodology, this thesis will combine GIS data with building construction, use, and equipment data to develop a quick, accurate, and adaptable energy simulation model. By combining the findings of the simulation with socio-economic indicators such as income level and ownership type, this thesis will examine how to best implement the selected building retrofit strategies. Of particular interest, is the idea of an annual adoption rate for a particular strategy and the perceived effects of socio-economic indicators on the actual adoption. Ultimately, the findings of this thesis will enable a thoughtful discussion of the effective implementation of public policy and serve as a guide for further investigations focusing on the demographics of urban energy use.
by Ali Irani.
S.B.
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Alden, James M. (James Malcolm). "The Resolution Trust Corporation--compliance within the objectives of the enacting policy pertaining to minority and women outreach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62919.
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Zakaria, Zulina. "Framework for designing regional planning architecture for APTS-enabled regional multimodal public transportation system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32272.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-101).
Unsustainable transportation systems have been the cause of many problems facing urban areas around the world. Lack of regard for sustainable development considerations by those responsible for planning and implementing transportation systems has caused unhealthy air quality, noise pollution, traffic congestion, loss of green spaces and biodiversity, disruption of neighborhoods, equity problems, resource use etc. Many factors could potentially cause unsustainable transportation systems to persist. Transportation planning and decision-making is crucial in determining the structure and operation of transportation systems and hence also its sustainability. This thesis explores the idea of transportation planning institutions with the capability to design and implement sustainable transportation systems and how these institutions can be developed. The Regional Strategic Transportation Planning/CLIOS Process and Regional Planning Architecture Protocol were combined to form a Regional Planning Architecture Strategic Design Framework. To illustrate the use of the framework, it was applied in developing a RPA for planning a sustainable APTS-enabled regional multimodal public transportation system for the rapidly developing Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan Region in Malaysia.
by Zulina Zakaria.
S.M.
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Srivastav, Shweta. "Carbon footprint as a policy tool in Indian cities : process, inventory, application." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/58469/.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon footprints are increasingly being used as strategic policy tools for climate change mitigation at all levels national, regional, local or product. Cities being the centre stage of consumption and concentrations of populations are key in Climate change mitigation both in terms of reduction policies and adaptation. Many studies have been conducted to create and refine the methodology of conducting Greenhouse Gases (GHG) inventories at the city scale as well as to compare global or regional cities. Whilst the practice of GHG inventorying is rapidly finding place in cities in the developed nations, cities in developing countries haven’t been as proactive. This thesis, takes a case study approach to identifying the opportunities and barriers to using a GHG inventory as a policy tool in a mid size Tier III city(<1 million population) in India. The results show that whilst possible to conduct a GHG inventory within the existing data and governance structure, the success of such a policy and monitoring tool is highly dependent on a conducive governance environ with clear accountability. The five-year study showed rapidly increasing emissions rising from 1.07 Metric Tons per capita in 2007 to 1.43 Metric Tons per capita in 2011. Transport and residential sectors were identified as the key drivers. Yet compared to global benchmarks the emissions are very low, hence, suggesting that the policy target must be set at containing the emissions at low levels rather than reducing. A key finding was a declining annual growth rate for emissions within the city pointing to a positive trend that emissions are not rising at an exponentially growing rate that is sometimes assumed in relation to cities in developing countries. While emissions per capita have increased, emissions per unit GDP have gone down. The recommendations suggest leveraging existing government policies to reform the process and increase awareness.
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Collins, James Patrick, and n/a. "POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE ARCHITECTURE Using the Purchaser Provider Model to Implement ACT Health and Community Care Delivery Policy." University of Canberra. Government, 2009. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20091215.140820.
Full textAbstract:
In their seminal work on policy implementation, Pressman and Wildavsky
(1973:143) have argued that 'there is no point in having good ideas if they
cannot be carried out.' The use of a New Public Management (NPM) service
delivery approach in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) health area,
referred to as the Purchaser Provider Model (PPM), was seen as one of
those good ideas. The then-ACT Government hoped that the use of this
model as part of its public policy reform agenda would assist it in successfully
achieving its goal of restraining the growth of ACT public health care costs.
The PPM was in operation between 1996 and 2002, when it was
discontinued, suggesting a policy implementation failure.
In this thesis, the PPM is used as a case study as a basis for supporting the
argument that the administrative architecture through which public policy is
implemented plays a crucial part in the success or otherwise of the
implementation of that policy, especially in the area of public service delivery.
The administrative architecture is defined as, the administrative components
that have been designed to assist the implementation of public policy.
To undertake the analysis the PPM is expressed in terms of the following
three extremely important components of the administrative architecture:
- the configuration of role and role relationships;
- resource allocation arrangements; and
- the performance management framework.
Pattern matching logic in conjunction with the literature is used to show how
crucial was the part played by the above components and hence the
administrative architecture in the implementation of public policy.
While the thesis provides compelling evidence (based on the case study and
the academic literature) to support its claim, the crucial part played by the
administrative architecture in the implementation of public policy, especially
in the area of service delivery, has hitherto received little attention in the
implementation literature.
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Osorio, Urzúa Carlos A. (Carlos Alberto) 1968. "Architectural innovation, functional emergence diversification in engineering systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38530.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology, Management, and Policy Program, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 255-265).
The evolution of the architecture of long-lived complex socio-technical systems have important consequences and can happen in unexpected ways. This dissertation explores this question through the study of the architectural evolution of Municipal Electric Utilities (MEUs) and their diversification into broadband services in the United States. Our research seeks answers to questions of process (why and how did this happen?), impact (what was the economic effect of this evolution?), theory (what is the phenomenon that explains this evolution?) and method (how can we study such changes?). The number of MEUs offering broadband services increased by more than 200% between 2000 and 2005, which made MEUs one of the most important providers of fiber-based broadband services in the nation. As a result, the entry of MEUs into broadband became a heavily debated policy issue at local, state, and national levels, and many laws were proposed for restricting or broadening their role in broadband. Our research provides the first evidence about the economic impact of this phenomenon for better-informed policy making. The analysis of the architectural evolution of MEUs required appropriate methods.
(cont.) We integrated the Representation Stage of the Complex Large Interconnected Open Socio-Technical (CLIOS) Process and Object Process Methodology (OPM) under a framework for system architecture analysis, and developed the CLIOS-OPM Integrated Representation Method (COIReM). COIReM' objective is to study the architectural evolution of socio-technical systems. We applied it to the evolution of MEUs using data from case study research, documentation, field research and interviews. We find that the evolution of MEUs and their entry into broadband services resulted from a process we define as Functional Emergence (FE): the process by which a new externally delivered function emerges triggered by the combined effect of technical and contextual changes affecting internal functions of a complex socio-technical system. The diversification of MEUs into broadband shows that small technological changes related to the internal functions of the system in the presence of regulatory and organizational adaptation, can stimulate the emergence of new externally delivered functions. Especially in organizations with high absorptive capacity and dynamic capabilities, these new functions can become sources of strategic diversification. The inability to understand these dynamics can create dramatic competitive disadvantages.
(cont.) For example, in this case technical changes created significant resources that, while not being perceived as valuable by the system itself, were greatly valued and demanded by an active local customer base. The impact of this evolution was studied quantitatively using Matched Sample Estimators. Results showed that: (i) the adoption of IP-enabled services had a positive impact on the internal efficiency of MEUs, (ii) there is no evidence to support the contention advanced in some policy discussions that MEUs are subsidizing their broadband business with funds from their electric power operations, and (iii) MEUbased broadband is associated with higher growth rates in the number of local business establishments, even after adjusting for the presence of private broadband providers. These qualitative and quantitative results have important implications for policy making. We argue that the entry of MEU into broadband owes more to their nature as an electric utility than as a municipal agency. We suggest that, as result of the economies of scope between electric power and broadband services, MEUs represent a case of sustainable broadband facilities-based providers and that, given the effects in internal efficiency and local economic development, they should be exempted from state legislation preventing local governments from offering telecommunication services.
(cont.) This research makes four main contributions. First, it uncovers a new behavior of complex technological systems: small technological and contextual changes affecting internal components and functions can produce the emergence of new external functions. Second, we propose a new framework to study the architectural evolution of socio-technical systems. Third, it provided evidence that, in the case of MEUs, this behavior is observable and measurable. Finally, the thesis provides a framework with which to formulate intervening policy measures.
by Carlos Alberto Osorio-Urzúa.
Ph.D.
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Custy, E. John. "An architecture for the semantic processing of natural language input to a policy workbench." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Mar%5FCusty.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Software Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2003.Thesis advisor(s): James Bret Michael, Neil C. Rowe. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92). Also available online.
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Gomez, Garcia Arturo. "Architecture VPAIR : agents de police virtuels pour la gestion par ITS du trafic routier." Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2012_gomez_garcia.pdf.
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Cette thèse se focalise sur les problèmes de congestion dans le contexte des systèmes d’information avancés pour le trafic routier (en anglais ATIS). Notre recherche vise à fournir une architecture alternative de transport intelligent (en anglais ITS) adressant les objectifs suivants : i) la conception d’une architecture abordable et basée sur les systèmes d’information du trafic, ii) l’inclusion dans les normes des architectures ITS courants, iii) traitement du problème d’affectation de la route, et iv) proposition d’un mécanisme pour la dissémination des données de trafic. Pour surmonter la complexité de la congestion du trafic dans les agglomérations urbaines, nous proposons une architecture alternative appelée VPAIR (agents de police virtuels pour la gestion par ITS du trafic routier) visant les pays en voies de développement. Ici, l’acteur principal est la communication inter-véhicule (en anglais IVC) construits sur un plan d’infrastructures légères et de coˆut abordable. Notre architecture répond en grande partie aux exigences des services qui traitent la congestion du trafic véhiculaire. Surtout dans les villes incapables de déployer des solutions actuelles en raison de contraintes budgétaires. Un autre aspect important traité dans cette thèse est la proposition d’un processus d’intégration dans les normes ITS de notre architecture. Nous avons `a cet effet proposé sur une étude de cas pour montrer la faisabilité l’intégration de notre proposition. Malgré les différentes approches pour faire face `a la congestion du trafic, l’objectif des systèmes d’information du trafic est l’amélioration de la fluidité des transports tout en évitant les nouvelles sources de congestion qui pourraient dégrader la mobilité pour les véhicules. Cela peut être traité grâce à l’affectation de la route. Nous proposons une ap- proche basée sur des simulations pour l’affectation dynamique des routes. Les résultats des simulations montrent que notre proposition d’affectation du trafic améliorer la situation de congestion du trafic, et réduisant considérablement le temps de trajet global des véhicules. Finalement, nous passons en revue un challenge important de notre proposition : la dissémination des données de trafic. Nous proposons une solution composite pour fournir une dissémination envahissant des donnés. De plus, nous évaluons nos solutions par simulations basées sur un scénario de la taille d’une ville réel afin d’étudier plus fidèlement l’impact de notre solutionProblem of vehicular traffic congestion. Our research aims to provide an alternative architecture in complement to the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) with the following objectives: i) design of an affordable architecture based on traffic information systems, ii) the inclusion of this architecture in the standards of current ITS architectures, iii) the traffic route assignment problem, and iv) the traffic data dissemination. To overcome the complexity of traffic congestion in urban settlements we propose an alternative architecture called VPAIR (Virtual Police Agents for ITS Traffic Routing) ori- ented to complement the actual ITS frameworks. Here, the principal actor is the Inter- vehicle communications built upon a design of light infrastructure and cost affordable. Our architecture responds mostly to the demands of related ITS services dealing with the traffic congestion. Especially in cities unable to deploy current solutions because of budget constraints. However, another important aspect is the breach in implementing such IVC-based proposals into running ITS implementations. In order to close this gap, we examine the existent ITS architectures and propose an integration process to conform our architecture proposal into ITS standards based on a case study. Notwithstanding the several approaches to deal with traffic congestion, the traffic information systems aims are improving the fluidness of transport while dodging new congestion sources that might degrade the transportation mobility. This can be delimited to the traffic route assignment problem. We propose a simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment to tackle the traffic congestion in order to improve greatly the global travel time of the drivers. Finally, we review an important player in the proposed architecture: the traffic data dissemination. We propose a composite solution to provide a pervasive dissemination of the traffic information. Moreover, we assess our solutions by simulation-based evaluations under a city-size scenario in order to study more faithfully the impact of our solution
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Auld, Susan E. "The development of public housing policy and design." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23788.
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Kalibjian, Jeffrey R. "Accountable Security Architectures for Protecting Telemetry Data." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606436.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaToday there are many security solutions available which can facilitate both protection and sharing of telemetry data. While the technologies behind these solutions are maturing [1] [2] [3], most products lack a consistent and coherent paradigm for enforcing who is able to access the secured data, what is done with it, and insuring it can be recovered if the person who secured it is disabled.
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Wilson, C. Barry (Charles Barry). "Improving value of strategic defense systems using modular open architecture." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111233.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2017.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Vita. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-91).
Modular Open System Architecture (MOSA) has been deliberately pursued in Department of Defense acquisitions of military systems for the last two decades due to its ability to save cost, improve performance, and prolong system lifespan. As defense systems grow increasingly complex and expensive, the risk of unforeseen threat environments becomes more significant and mitigation strategies more important. Considering this uncertainty, the capability to react to new environments quickly and inexpensively is paramount. Modular systems mitigate risks inherent in such uncertain environments by providing flexibility to users. However, a method to quantitatively assess the benefit modularity provides remains elusive. This thesis provides a methodology for analyzing the value of flexibility to users of defense systems with the purpose of revealing how and where open architectures are most beneficial. Using performance modeling, Monte Carlo simulation, and sensitivity analysis the thesis illuminates the power of improving flexibility in complex systems by means of modularity. A specific case study -- the Multi Object Kill Vehicle Anti-Ballistic Missile System -- will be used to demonstrate the capability of the process to facilitate MOSA implementation in defense systems.
by C. Barry Wilson.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Fredholm, Susan (Susan A. ). "Evaluating electronic waste recycling systems : the influence of physical architecture on system performance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52750.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-68).
Many different forms of electronic waste recycling systems now exist worldwide, and the amount of related legislation continues to increase. Numerous approaches have been proposed including landfill bans, extended producer responsibility (EPR) and advance recovery fee (ARF) funded recycling systems. In order for policymakers and system architects to establish the optimal recycling system for their location, they need to know how to evaluate the performance of existing systems, and furthermore, how to use this information to design new systems. This thesis addresses the question: How does the physical system architecture of e-waste systems influence system performance? Specifically, it focuses upon the physical system architecture of collection site density and distribution. This thesis presents a systematic methodology developed with the Materials Systems Laboratory for characterizing recycling systems. Case studies of existing e-waste systems operating in Switzerland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Norway, Belgium, the Canadian province of Alberta and the US States of California, Maine and Maryland are examined for correlations between the environmental and financial performance of existing systems with respect to both the context and the architectural options of those systems. The case study analysis furthermore informs the construction of a model of e-waste systems. This model, which examines architectural choices in collection, transport, processing and system management of e-waste, is used to predict the environmental and financial performance of theoretical e-waste systems for a given location. The model was intentionally developed to be both broad, in order to encompass all pieces of recycling systems, and general, such that many different types of systems, both real and hypothetical, can be analyzed. Following an application of the model to several different combinations of system architecture and context, policy recommendations are made regarding the construction and evaluation of e-waste systems in various locations.
by Susan Fredholm.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Koga, Takashi. "Policy Issues regarding Electronic Government and Web Accessibility in Japan." International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106269.
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The Japanese government has been developing infrastructures and services for electronic government since 2001. One of the challenges identified in this regard is to ensure "accessibility" or to enable everyone, including the elderly and those with disabilities, to access the infrastructures and services of an electronic government.
In 2004, the JIS (Japan Industrial Standard) X 8341-3 was issued as a Web accessibility standard in Japan. It is expected to function as a basis to ensure the Web accessibility of the electronic government in the central and local governments in Japan. Recently, however, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications found a widespread lack of understanding of and respect toward the JIS X 8341-3 among the local governments in Japan. In December 2005, a study group under this ministry proposed "Operational Models to Improve Accessibility of Public Web sites" in order to supplement the JIS X 8341-3.
Thus, this paper reviews the standards and policy initiatives for improving the Web accessibility of the electronic government in Japan and discusses the challenges faced by libraries to ensure the provision of access to government information in terms of Web accessibility and electronic government.
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Taylor, Robert C. "The constitution of the contemporary public realm within the privatized American urban landscape." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23005.
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Awan, Muhammad Yusuf. "A study of significant historic buildings in Lahore leading towards the formulation of a national conservation policy for Pakistan." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6042/.
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Historic buildings are memorials of human activity and serve as a link with the past. They are a trust and it is the duty of the present generation to ensure that they are passed on to posterity without their authenticity being impaired or their essential scheme of aesthetics and setting being altered. ) Pakistan is a rich repository of historic buildings. Such buildings are to be found in a variety of states of repair. Basic infrastructure for conservation and protection of historic monuments and archaeological sites exists in the country and some 355 examples of sites and monuments are being protected. The objective of the present study is to begin a systematic process of classifying the historic buildings in the country and to put forward an appropriate policy for the conservation of at least a reasonable proportion of them, bearing in mind the various constraints in the way of conservation. To achieve the aims of the study a broad range of information was collected on the workings of the present organisation for conservation in the country, the legislative system, other studies of a similar nature and the activities of professionals and voluntary bodies. A field survey was carried out to with regard to certain historic buildings in one city, Lahore, and information, based on the criteria established for the purpose, was collected on nearly 300 significant buildings. This related to their listed status and to their relationship to the major historic periods and covered various building types. Virtually all these buildings were standing at the close of 19th century. The collected information is analysed in detail and discussed critically with reference to the rate of loss of historic buildings during almost a century, various states of repair of the existing buildings, their architectural and historical values, present usage, ownership, responsibility for maintenance, sources of state finance for maintenance and possibilities of other sources of finance. It reveals that the present system of conservation is not fully adequate and needs to be improved. It is further identified that a better system could be established by involving the provincial and local governments and by encouraging the development of a proper building industry able to carry out the task of conservation. Detailed conclusions are drawn up and specific suggestions are made for the formulation of a national conservation policy for Pakistan.
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Karanasiou, Argyro. "Online free speech at a turning point : a new policy model based on net architecture." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7150/.
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Free speech seems to be at a turning point in the digital era: online intermediaries acting in a non-transparent and unaccountable manner either as state agents or to their own benefit, have shaken the trust in the public right for free speech. The reiteration of the conventional legal approach is thus imperative in the digital era. The thesis examines the challenges posed for the regulation of free speech online from a public law perspective and ultimately suggests a new policy model following a techno-legal approach, namely taking into account the net architecture. For this, the thesis is structured in three parts. The first part (Chapters 1 and 2) explores the new ecology for free speech online, the questions posed for its constitutional protection and the responses available in free speech jurisprudence. The thesis critically examines the efficacy of the free speech jurisprudence as to its afforded protection online and it is contended that Baker’s theory on liberty seems to be holding some potential. The second part (Chapters 3 and 4) moves on to identify the common ground between the core net architectural principles and free speech. A descriptive part of the internet’s history, design and administration is further analysed on its capacity to promote free speech. At the same timetime conventional legal approaches fail to embrace the net infrastructure. Thus, free speech jurisprudence needs to be properly contextualised online. In other words, paraphrasing Lessig’s famous dictum “law needs to be encoded”. The third part (Chapters 5 and 6) explains how this suggested approach functions: Baker’s concept of liberty –as the most fitting of all free speech rationales- is put in an online context. The thesis suggests a new policy model for online speech based on the potential of the net architecture as a perfect substantiation of Baker’s theory on liberty: self-realisation is identified as both the value determining the regulatory scope for speech as well as the basic concept characterising the structure of the internet.
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Huck, Martin Keith. "The City of Aetheria." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47494.
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Winston Churchill said "We shape our buildings; thereafter they shape us." And this holds true for our cities as well. The intent of this thesis is to develop an understanding of the origins of the city, historic theories of planning, Utopian proposals, the current state of the city, and what the future the city may hold.
The City of Aetheria is a world created via poetic imagination, the sublime product of mental activity; as a study intent is to discover the fundamental principles of the city, making explicit the nature and significance of fundamental concepts of urban design theories and utopian ideals while demonstrating the elements of urban form and the effects of urban process through history. Incorporating historical archetypes and typologies of architectural form; the design of the City of Aetheria was an investigational tool to study the Image, Form and Elements of the city.Master of Architecture
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Cameron, Bruce G. (Bruce Gregory). "Value network modeling : a quantitative method for comparing benefit across exploration architectures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40308.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-170).
In the design of complex systems serving a broad group of stakeholders, it can be difficult to prioritize objectives for the architecture. I postulate that it is possible to make architectural decisions based on consideration of stakeholder value delivery, in order to help prioritize objectives. I introduce the concept of value network models to map out the indirect benefit delivered to stakeholders. A numerical methodology for prioritizing paths through this network model is presented, with a view to discovering the most important organizational outputs. I show how value network models can be linked to architecture models to provide decision support to the architect. I present a case study to examine the connectivity and sensitivity of a test architecture to value delivery. I conclude that a limited subset of NASA's outputs will discriminate between architectures. In this manner, I show how value considerations can be used to structure the design space before critical technical decisions are made to narrow it. A number of organizational implications for value delivery are generated from this analysis. In particular, I show that benefit flows should be aligned to organizational processes and responsibilities, and that failure to map stakeholder input to architecture evaluation can weaken benefit.
by Bruce G. Cameron.
S.M.
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Karlow, Brandon (Brandon James). "Modernizing systems engineering : cognitive systems and model-based approaches for spacecraft architecture development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95582.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2014.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 230-239).
Systems engineering exists as a discipline to enable organizations to control and manage the development of complex hardware and software. These methods are particularly essential in the development of space systems, which feature extremely challenging demands for engineering performance, coupled with extremely limited resources for accomplishing them. Success requires careful attention to the relationships between various components as well as the organizations constructing them. Unfortunately, aerospace organizations routinely struggle with the traditional systems engineering process, and as a result, program managers experience pressure to conclude, curtail or ignore critical elements. The consequence is that cost overruns, slipped schedules and outright failures are a regular feature of the industry. Recent advances in Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) tools and methods provide an opportunity to rectify these issues by better integrating systems engineering capabilities into the engineering development process. By directly networking the engineering models used in the development process to each other and the systems diagrams which describe them, MBSE has the potential to make the development process more responsive to design evolutions and account for changes across the entire space system. In this way, systems engineering could become a more integrated part of the development process and better contribute to successful space systems. Unfortunately, current-generation MBSE tools and methods have yet to fully realize this potential. Critical capability gaps have deterred adoption and relegated their use to academic endeavors. This thesis argues that many of the difficulties encountered in current systems engineering practice - as well as attempts to reform that practice - can be explained with reference to distributed cognition, control theory and the wider field of cognitive systems engineering. Existing tools and techniques, while nominally fulfilling the purposes assigned to them, generally fail to adequately support systems engineers in the cognitive tasks associated with the control and management of development processes. As a result, systems engineers are frequently overburdened in their roles and are unable to fully address the myriad of concerns relevant to the design of good system solutions. A cognitive analysis of the software and hardware devices situated in practical instantiations of development activities can reveal opportunities to improve performance and enhance effectiveness. Such changes would make systems engineering tools easier to use and better tailored to the needs of the system engineering task, encouraging adoption and accomplishing the goals of the MBSE community. A cognitively-informed MBSE approach, in addition to better linking the elements of the engineering effort, can also be used to link the engineering effort to the higher-level needs which drive the engineering process in the first place. One of the biggest challenges any engineering organization faces is managing the "how," "why," and "what" of system development, that is, the engineering logic which determines "how" a given program or system will be built and the business, political or policy logic which determines "why" and "what" system will come into being. Often, these latter concerns are poorly addressed by the space system development process, which can lead to sub-optimal outcomes for the wider organizations involved in the engineering project. Methods which better systematize, quantify and direct the process of stakeholder analysis, concept generation and architecture exploration can aid in the selection of system architectures that better meet the strategic objectives of the organizations which develop and operate space systems. Such methods are demonstrated with respect to an evaluation of possible architectures for a notional large, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) optical space telescope to succeed Hubble in the late 2020s to early 2030s timeframe. This research draws on MBSE concepts and the legacy of tradespace modeling for system design to extend tradespace modeling to the realm of architectural exploration. Its particular interest is the quantitative treatment of "programmatic factors": the business, policy and political considerations which govern high-level decision-making. Through modeling, these considerations can be directly associated with engineering performance factors, enabling better selection decisions and reinforcing linkages and understanding between the engineering and management levels within an organization. It is intended to leverage existing work in stakeholder modeling, real options, strategic evolution and tradespace exploration to bridge existing divisions between systems engineering and programmatic decision-making processes which can lead to poorly optimized architectures. It is geared towards systems engineers and program managers seeking to account for organizational and higher-level stakeholder needs during the tradespace exploration process and more efficiently and practically integrate these decision frameworks in real-world engineering environments.
by Brandon Karlow.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.
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Forman, Timothy. "Practice, policy and professional roles : unintended consequences and performance gaps in UK domestic solid wall insulation retrofit projects." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/92477/.
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Space heating in domestic buildings accounts for roughly one-fifth of UK greenhouse gas emissions. There are roughly 11 million homes in the UK potentially suitable for solid wall insulation (including hard-to-treat cavity constructions). Remarkably, approximately 97 per cent of homes built with solid walls have no wall insulation. Retrofitting these homes with insulation offers the potential to significantly reduce national greenhouse gas emissions while reducing expenditure on fuel, improving thermal comfort and realising numerous important associated benefits. This research began at the onset of an upsurge in national rates of solid wall insulation retrofit in 2011-2012. At that time, anecdotal reports pointed toward a legacy of poor practices and continued problems in the retrofit industry. A literature review outlines knowledge about the risks of performance gaps and unintended consequences. Participant and non-participant observation, site inspection and qualitative study are employed in area-based retrofit projects and across a variety of related settings. Analysis interprets observations against a range of existing theory and develops new theoretical insights. Findings convey an understanding of a subset of the landscape in which retrofitting occurs and identify a number of challenges to improving practice. The perspectives of installers, managers, trainers and a range of professionals are reported. The research suggests that unintended consequences are likely to result from many observed practices and cautions that if these practices are typical of wider realities and remain unchanged, then serious problems may be propagated across many projects if growth in retrofitting continues as expected. Findings identify factors of quality in retrofits ranging from construction management, training, certification, technology, identity and motivation, and government policy instruments. Emerging from the research is a definition of ‘quality’ against which retrofits can be evaluated. This forms the basis for evaluation of a number of proposed interventions and routes to improved practice.
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Morris, Ellen Fowles. "The architecture of imperialism : military bases and the evolution of foreign policy in Egypt's New Kingdom /." Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39930624f.
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Medrano, Caviedes Cecilia. "Analyzing fiscal implementation gaps in Venezuela : the policy design of a new ‘"rentier" architecture (2000-2010)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0006/document.
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Cette étude examine les élaborations de politique fiscale en se concentrant sur un cas particulier: celui du Venezuela sur la période 2000-2010. La sélection de ce cas particulier permet d’intégrer deux aspects marquants, connus pour avoir des effets importants sur la performance rentière: un saisissant choc pétrolier de 2004 à 2008 et l’introduction d’un nouveau régime politique de type semi-autoritaire. Au cours de la première décennie du 21ème siècle, le régime politique du Venezuela a substantiellement été transformé. Les modes de gouvernance du pays et précisément ceux du secteur pétrolier ont connu une profonde mutation. L’institution fiscale du Venezuela changea considérablement dans les années 2000 avec une nouvelle conception du management des ressources politiques. Le paradigme ‘semer le pétrole’ fut remplacé par un modèle de distribution directe et centralisé des rentes pétrolières. Grâce à un gouvernement récemment élu et l’adoption d’une nouvelle constitution en 1999, une série de changements substantiels débuta, amorçant de véritables métamorphoses institutionnelles et de nouvelles dynamiques au sein des sphères politiques, économiques et sociales. Plusieurs réformes légales ont été progressivement introduites pour modifier les normes du système de Management des Finances Publiques (PFM) ainsi que les normes budgétaires, générant ainsi de nouvelles dynamiques dans l’aménagement des dépenses publiques, dans les modèles d’allocation de rente, et dans l’ensemble de la gestion des ressources. Ces mesures créant de nouvelles élaborations fiscales, et plus important encore, une nouvelle architecture de finances publiquesThis study examines fiscal policy designs by focusing on one particular case: Venezuela during the period 2000-2010. The selection of this particular case of study allows to integrate two prominent aspects known to have important effects on rentier performance: a striking oil boom from 2004-2008 and the introduction of a new political regime. During the first decade of the 21st century, the political regime of Venezuela was substantially transformed modifying the overarching governance modes of the country and more specifically, those of the oil sector, the most important sector of the country’s economy. The fiscal institution of Venezuela considerably changed in the 2000s with a new conception over the management of oil rents. The ‘sowing the oil’ paradigm was displaced by a model of direct distribution of oil rents through a centralized spending system. With a newly elected government and the enactment of a new Constitution in 1999, a series of substantial changes were begun, introducing institutional makeovers and new dynamics across political, economic and social spheres. These multiple institutional rearrangements drew a dividing line from previous time periods, progressively developing a discernible preference for centralizing policy-making decisions, circumventing institutional structures and restructuring policy arrangements to make them compatible with the newly established governance modes. In this sense, the assessment of Public Financial Management (PFM) system adjustments in the light of controlling expanding resource rents can potentially contribute to the study of fiscal implementation distortions in naturally endowed economies in particular