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Journal articles on the topic 'Architecture Puerto Rico'
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1
Chitwood, Ken. "‘A Place of Our Own’: Puerto Rican Muslims and Their Architectural Responses as Quadruple Minorities." International Journal of Islamic Architecture 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 267–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00080_1.
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This article adopts a horizontally integrative approach to understanding Islamic architecture in the traditionally excluded geography of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is literally and figuratively left off the map of the so-called ‘Muslim world’ and there is very little about its mezquitas (mosques) or the Andalusian legacy in its built environment in the published record of Islamic architectures, sites, and responses. I argue, based on my ethnographic fieldwork undertaken in 2015–17 and 2019–21, that Puerto Rican Muslims counter their multiple marginalizations – identifying as Muslim in the Puerto Rican community, Puerto Rican in the Muslim community, and both Muslim and Puerto Rican in the context of the American empire – through various architectural responses. To make this argument, I discuss the physical landscape of Islamic architecture in Puerto Rico, including innovative and adaptive spaces constructed in protest of the elitism found in certain mezquitas, and locales where Andalusian architectural influence is readily visible. This leads to my critical examination of how the diverse, dynamic, and vernacular architectural responses of Puerto Rican Muslims speak to each of their minoritizations.
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Mignucci, Andrés. "Casa Fullana: a model for modern living in the tropics." Modern Houses, no. 64 (2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/64.a.zebgxty3.
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Casa Fullana [Fullana House], built in 1955 in San Juan, Puerto Rico, is an exemplary model of Henry Klumb’s (1905-1984) design principles for modern living in the tropics. German architect Henry Klumb conducted a prolific architectural practice in Puerto Rico, producing some of the most iconic examples of tropical modernism in the Caribbean. His work, most notably at the University of Puerto Rico (1946-1966) (UPR) and in landmark projects like the San Martin de Porres Church (1948) in Cataño, constituted a breakthrough in Puerto Rican, Caribbean and Latin American architecture. Anchored in the principles of modern architecture, specifically of an organic architecture put forward by his mentor Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), Klumb’s work is deeply rooted in the specificities of the landscape, topography, and climate of Puerto Rico as a tropical island.
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Lin, Guoqing, Victor A. Huerfano, and Wenyuan Fan. "Crustal Architecture of Puerto Rico Using Body-Wave Seismic Tomography and High-Resolution Earthquake Relocation." Seismological Research Letters 93, no. 2A (December 1, 2021): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220210223.
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Abstract Puerto Rico is a highly seismically active island, where several damaging historical earthquakes have occurred and frequent small events persist. It situates at the boundary between the Caribbean and North American plates, featuring a complex fault system. Here, we investigate the seismotectonic crustal structure of the island by interpreting the 3D compressional-wave velocity VP and compressional- to shear-wave velocity ratio VP/VS models and by analyzing the distribution of the relocated earthquakes. The 3D velocity models are obtained by applying the simul2000 tomographic inversion algorithm based on the phase arrivals recorded by the Puerto Rico seismic network. We find high-VP and low-VP/VS anomalies in the eastern and central province between the Great Northern Puerto Rico fault zone and the Great Southern Puerto Rico fault zone, correlating with the Utuado pluton. Further, there are low-VP anomalies beneath both the Great Southern Puerto Rico fault zone and the South Lajas fault, indicating northerly dipping structures from the southwest to the northwest of the island. We relocate 19,095 earthquakes from May 2017 to April 2021 using the new 3D velocity model and waveform cross-correlation data. The relocated seismicity shows trends along the Investigator fault, the Ponce faults, the Guayanilla rift, and the Punta Montalva fault. The majority of the 2019–2021 Southwestern Puerto Rico earthquakes are associated with the Punta Montalva fault. Earthquakes forming 17° northward-dipping structures at various depths possibly manifest continuation of the Muertos trough, along which the Caribbean plate is being subducted beneath the Puerto Rico microplate. Our results show complex fault geometries of a diffuse fault network, suggesting possible subduction process accommodated by faults within a low-velocity zone.
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Díaz-Royo, Antonio T. "Constructing tropical modernity." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 69, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1995): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002641.
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[First paragraph in part]The buildings and ruins we discover for ourselves hold a lasting place in our imagination, not to say in our affections. In a society that has neglected the formal treatment of "space," architecturally as well as in political terms, these personal discoveries can promote a subversion of sorts. Thus, the consecutive appearance of two volumes addressing the architecture produced at the turn of the century in Puerto Rico is a notable event. Each results from an architect's passionate concern with the advent of modernity. Thomas Marvel's book concentrates on the life and work of Antonin Nechodoma, an American of Bohemian origin who spent his most productive years in Puerto Rico. It is the result of his decades-long fascination with a "versatile architect, designer, and craftsman working in unusual circumstances" (p. xviii) who left, both in Puerto Rico and in the Dominican Republic, a string of edifices strangely echoing the continental Prairie School.
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Buscaglia, Jose F. "Puerto Rico '98: Architecture and Empire at the Fin de Siecle." Journal of Architectural Education (1984-) 48, no. 4 (May 1995): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1425387.
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Buscaglia, José F. "Puerto Rico '98: Architecture and Empire at the Fin de Siècle." Journal of Architectural Education 48, no. 4 (May 1995): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1995.10734648.
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Colom Braña, Gloria M. "Everything but the Car: The Carport as Social Space in Puerto Rican Domestic Architecture." Special Issue - Storied Spaces: Renewing Folkloristic Perspectives on Vernacular Architecture 90-91 (April 29, 2021): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1076797ar.
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The carport, a nondescript functional space within a majority of Puerto Rican houses, often accommodates different social practices throughout the year. Daily household activities such as laundry and childcare often take place in the carport, but it is also a site for landmark events such as birthdays, social gatherings, and Christmas parties. Designed exclusively for car storage, the carport is often used for everything but the car. In order to understand how this space came to be repurposed, this article focuses on the history of the introduction of the car and carport in Puerto Rico. The transformation of a single-use space into an all-purpose space with distinct cultural signifiers happened soon after the spread of the carport. The history of the colonial relationship between the United States and Puerto Rico is tied to the story of changes to the North American house form, particularly the most utilitarian spaces within the domestic sphere. The carport reflects the dreams and illusions of upward mobility and how that came crashing down in a seemingly economic free fall that began roughly in 2007 and has continued spiraling out of control.
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Urban, Florian. "La Perla – 100 years of informal architecture in San Juan, Puerto Rico." Planning Perspectives 30, no. 4 (February 25, 2015): 495–536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2014.1003247.
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Cruz, César A. "Henry Klumb: Puerto Rico’s critical modernist." Architectural Research Quarterly 23, no. 1 (March 2019): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135519000095.
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In February 1944 a thirty-nine-year-old itinerant architect named Heinrich ‘Henry’ Klumb [1] (1905–1984), moved to the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico for what was supposed to be a short-term, public works job with the island’s provincial government, that is, a territorial government that had been established and was largely supervised by the American federal government. At the time of his arrival on the island, Klumb was a one-time German immigrant, a former protégé of Frank Lloyd Wright, Louis Kahn’s occasional design and business partner during the mid-to-late 1930s, and a moderately successful designer of a variety of projects and building types. These early projects and building types included residences, prototype prefabricated buildings and houses, museum exhibits, furniture pieces, and a number of housing and urban master plans. Over the next forty years he would emerge as Puerto Rico’s most locally well-known and prolific modern architect. His major successes on the island consisted of his public works, university buildings, churches, residences, and office buildings. Outside of Puerto Rico, his association with Frank Lloyd Wright has also generated a measure of interest.
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Torres, Joshua M., L. Antonio Curet, Scott Rice-Snow, Melissa J. Castor, and Andrew K. Castor. "Of Flesh and Stone: Labor Investment and Regional Sociopolitical Implications of Plaza/Batey Construction at the Ceremonial Center of Tibes (A.D. 600-A.D. 1200), Puerto Rico." Latin American Antiquity 25, no. 2 (June 2014): 125–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.25.2.125.
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Ceremonial architecture of late precontact (A.D. 600-1500) societies of Puerto Rico consists of stone-lined plazas and ball courts (bateys,). Archaeologists use these structures to signify the onset of hierarchical “chiefly” polities and to interpret their regional organization. Problematically, little consideration is given to the costs of their physical construction and the associated organizational implications at local and regional scales. In this paper, we use data gathered through geoarchaeological field investigations to develop labor estimates for the plaza and bateys at the site of Tibes—one of the largest precolumbian ceremonial centers in Puerto Rico. The estimates provide a basis for addressing how these features were constructed at the site and are considered within the broader organizational contexts of incipient polities in the island's south-central region between A.D. 600 and A.D. 1200.
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Rivera-Collazo, Isabel, Eric Rodríguez-Delgado, and Marisol Rodríguez-Miranda. "Lidar Inspection for Indigenous Architecture at Caguana Ceremonial Complex, Borikén." Latin American Antiquity 33, no. 1 (November 2, 2021): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2021.86.
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The virtual removal of forest canopies through light detection and ranging (lidar) has enhanced archaeological interpretations of settlement patterns in tropical zones. Although lidar collections of Indigenous landscapes in the Caribbean Archipelago are limited, resolutions from open-access lidar datasets reveal coarse regional settlement patterns and large-scale architecture planning. In this article we inspect the Caguana Ceremonial complex in Utuado, Borikén (Puerto Rico), using a 2016 lidar dataset available through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration portal. Visual comparisons between known Indigenous sites, surface anomalies, and site inspections in the three sectors under study identified plazas, possible ancient paths into the Caguana complex, a possible agricultural area west of the site, and the ANG-4 site. This study, the first application of lidar inspections in Puerto Rican archaeology, demonstrates that open-access data can help guide research and save time in field surveys, thus improving our ability to protect the Indigenous cultural heritage hidden under forest canopies.
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Sánchez Celada, Miguel Angel. "Evolución urbana de Ponce (Puerto Rico), según la cartografía histórica = Urban Evolution of Ponce (Puerto Rico), According to the Historical Cartography." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie VI, Geografía, no. 11 (September 25, 2018): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfvi.11.2018.20421.
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La ciudad de Ponce ha tenido un desarrollo histórico sui generis y paralelo a la ciudad capital de Puerto Rico, San Juan, atendiendo a la morfología del espacio físico-geográfico donde se encuentra la misma. Toda la información recopilada y levantada para el presente artículo proviene del proyecto de investigación de Tesis de Doctorado sobre impactos causados por el turismo en las ciudades históricas de Ponce y San Juan e impactos causados en estos espacios por los eventos meteorológicos extremos. Las ciudades contemporáneas son una yuxtaposición entre lo contemporáneo y lo antiguo, entre la modernidad y la tradicionalidad, una realidad donde se superponen paisajes que responden a modelos urbanísticos distintos. Los espacios urbanos son un arreglo que varía en dependencia de la cultura y de la época, las ciudades están elaboradas y reelaboradas a partir de los que se aprecia y de cómo se aprecia al contemplar un espacio determinado, es una recreación de la realidad condicionada por la apreciación estética, las vivencias, el modo de vida o las carencias que se tengan en un momento determinado.El centro histórico de Ponce es un subsistema dentro de la ciudad, es la representación orgánica y completa de los subsistemas que la constituyen, es este el motivo del porqué analizando el crecimiento histórico desde todos los puntos de vista (desarrollo urbano, movilidad, comercio, espacios públicos, arquitectura), se puede descubrir el valor patrimonial intrínseco que posee, e incluye todas las propiedades comprendidas dentro del límite de la misma, lo que garantiza la morfología y la imagen urbana de dicha zona, añadiéndole el sector de la Playa y la Avenida de Hostos que une ambos centros urbanos. Ponce y su centro histórico han evolucionado y debe seguir evolucionando si quieren sobrevivir. La simbiosis de lo histórico con lo contemporáneo debe ser algo natural y no impostado, el centro histórico, así como los subsistemas que lo componen, debe ser aceptado como parte integral de la ciudad y no pretender manejarlo y entenderlo como un ente aislado. Su personalidad la tiene a partir de sus integralidad con el área metropolitana que lo contiene, y ver lo histórico y lo contemporáneo aisladamente siempre será en detrimento de la ciudad como un todo único e indivisible. The city of Ponce has had a historical development sui generis and parallel to the capital city of Puerto Rico, San Juan, attending to the morphology of the physical-geographic space where it is located. All the information gathered and raised for the present article comes from the project of investigation of Doctorate Thesis on impacts caused by the tourism in the historical cities of Ponce and San Juan and impacts caused in these spaces by the extreme meteorological events. Contemporary cities are a juxtaposition between the modern and the ancient, between modernity and tradition, a reality that overlaps landscapes that correspond to different urban models. Urban spaces are an arrangement that varies depending on culture and time, cities are re-elaborated from how it is appreciated when contemplating a certain space, is a recreation of reality conditioned by Aesthetic appreciation, experiences, mode of life or the shortcomings they have at any given time.The historical center of Ponce is a subsystem within the city, it is the organic and complete representation of the subsystems that constitute it, and so historical growth is analyzed from all points of view (urbanism, mobility, commerce, public spaces, Architecture). It is possible to discover the intrinsic heritage value that it possesses, which guarantees the morphology and the urban image of that area, adding the sector of the Beach and the Avenue of Hostos that unites both urban centers. Ponce and its historical center have evolved and should continue to evolve if they want to survive. The symbiosis between the historical and the contemporary must be natural and not imposed, the historical center, as well as the subsystems that compose it, must be accepted as an integral part of the city and not try to manage it and understand it as something isolated. Its personality has it from its integrality with the metropolitan area that contains it, and seeing the historical and the contemporary in isolation will always be to the detriment of the city as a single and indivisible territory.
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Seguel, Jaime, and Domingo Rodrı́guez. "The doctoral program in Computing and Information Sciences and Engineering of the University of Puerto Rico." Future Generation Computer Systems 19, no. 8 (November 2003): 1293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-739x(03)00087-6.
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Rodríguez Hernández, Misael, and Alexandre B. Nassif. "System Strength Reduction in an Island Grid through Transitioning to 100% Inverter-Based Resources." Electronics 13, no. 7 (March 26, 2024): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13071225.
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Puerto Rico, an island heavily reliant on fossil fuels for primary electricity generation, faces challenges stemming from inadequate preventative maintenance, leading to an intermittently insufficient generation mix to meet overall load demand. Media coverage, exemplified by the Department of Energy PR100 study, delineates a strategic roadmap for transitioning Puerto Rico to achieve 100% renewable energy generation. This shift aims not only to mitigate dependence on fossil fuels but also to replace outdated conventional plants. Integrating inverter-interfaced renewable generation into the grid introduces a challenge, as these resources cannot match the short-circuit levels typically supplied by rotational synchronous generation. Complexity arises in determining whether existing protection schemes can maintain dependability during this transition or whether upgrades, such as adjustments to protection settings or philosophical enhancements, are imperative. This paper addresses this challenge by evaluating system strength at different stages of incorporating utility-scale renewable shares in the island system. It discerns the reduction in short-circuit currents for both three-phase faults and single-line-to-ground faults as conventional plants are phased out in favor of inverter-based resources. This research work also quantifies the impact of synchronous condensers and STATCOMs as a solution to strengthen the grid and increase short-circuit levels. This research equips the transmission operator with valuable insights into the necessary future system modifications to ensure the dependability and safety of the grid.
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Rodríguez López, Jorge A., and Juan M. Rivera Groennou. "Iglesia San José, San Juan, Puerto Rico: perspectiva arqueológica a cinco siglos de su historia constructiva." Arqueología de la Arquitectura, no. 18 (April 14, 2021): e115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arq.arqt.2021.007.
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La investigación de Arqueología de la Arquitectura en la Iglesia San José, San Juan de Puerto Rico, se enmarcó en el proyecto de restauración que lleva a cabo actualmente el Patronato de Monumentos de San Juan Inc. Dicha investigación se enfocó en analizar el desarrollo de las diferentes técnicas y materiales constructivos asociados al s. XVI: ábside, crucero y transepto. Entre sus objetivos estuvieron: aportar información sobre las técnicas y materiales constructivos utilizados; aportar criterios científicos que permitieran identificar la extensión y límites de cada una de sus fases y etapas constructivas. Los resultados permitieron la identificación de diversas técnicas constructivas utilizadas, así como una delimitación precisa de su configuración a lo largo de sus casi 500 años. Estos resultados presentan una perspectiva mucho más dinámica sobre los procesos constructivos del inmueble y confirman la necesidad de estudios arqueológicos en obras de restauración de edificios patrimoniales.
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Comarazamy, D. E., J. E. Gonzalez, and J. C. Luvall. "Quantification and mitigation of long-term impacts of urbanization and climate change in the tropical coastal city of San Juan, Puerto Rico." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 10, no. 1 (September 5, 2013): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctt059.
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Orlando, Joe, Xavier Comas, Scott A. Hynek, Heather L. Buss, and Susan L. Brantley. "Architecture of the deep critical zone in the Río Icacos watershed (Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory, Puerto Rico) inferred from drilling and ground penetrating radar (GPR)." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 41, no. 13 (October 2016): 1826–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3948.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 71, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1997): 107–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002619.
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-Peter Hulme, Polly Pattullo, Last resorts: The cost of tourism in the Caribbean. London: Cassell/Latin America Bureau and Kingston: Ian Randle, 1996. xiii + 220 pp.-Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Édouard Glissant, Introduction à une poétique du Divers. Montréal: Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1995. 106 pp.-Bruce King, Tejumola Olaniyan, Scars of conquest / Masks of resistance: The invention of cultural identities in African, African-American, and Caribbean drama. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. xii + 196 pp.-Sidney W. Mintz, Raymond T. Smith, The Matrifocal family: Power, pluralism and politics. New York: Routledge, 1996. x + 236 pp.-Raymond T. Smith, Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Silencing the past: Power and the production of history. Boston: Beacon, 1995. xix + 191 pp.-Michiel Baud, Samuel Martínez, Peripheral migrants: Haitians and Dominican Republic sugar plantations. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1995. xxi + 228 pp.-Samuel Martínez, Michiel Baud, Peasants and Tobacco in the Dominican Republic, 1870-1930. Knoxville; University of Tennessee Press, 1995. x + 326 pp.-Robert C. Paquette, Aline Helg, Our rightful share: The Afro-Cuban struggle for equality, 1886-1912. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. xii + 361 pp.-Daniel C. Littlefield, Roderick A. McDonald, The economy and material culture of slaves: Goods and Chattels on the sugar plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1993. xiv + 339 pp.-Jorge L. Chinea, Luis M. Díaz Soler, Puerto Rico: desde sus orígenes hasta el cese de la dominación española. Río Piedras: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1994. xix + 758 pp.-David Buisseret, Edward E. Crain, Historic architecture in the Caribbean Islands. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994. ix + 256 pp.-Hilary McD. Beckles, Mavis C. Campbell, Back to Africa. George Ross and the Maroons: From Nova Scotia to Sierra Leone. Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, 1993. xxv + 115 pp.-Sandra Burr, Gretchen Gerzina, Black London: Life before emancipation. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1995. xii + 244 pp.-Carlene J. Edie, Trevor Munroe, The cold war and the Jamaican Left 1950-1955: Reopening the files. Kingston: Kingston Publishers, 1992. xii + 242 pp.-Carlene J. Edie, David Panton, Jamaica's Michael Manley: The great transformation (1972-92). Kingston: Kingston Publishers, 1993. xx + 225 pp.-Percy C. Hintzen, Cary Fraser, Ambivalent anti-colonialism: The United States and the genesis of West Indian independence, 1940-1964. Westport CT: Greenwood, 1994. vii + 233 pp.-Anthony J. Payne, Carlene J. Edie, Democracy in the Caribbean: Myths and realities. Westport CT: Praeger, 1994. xvi + 296 pp.-Alma H. Young, Jean Grugel, Politics and development in the Caribbean basin: Central America and the Caribbean in the New World Order. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995. xii + 270 pp.-Alma H. Young, Douglas G. Lockhart ,The development process in small island states. London: Routledge, 1993. xv + 275 pp., David Drakakis-Smith, John Schembri (eds)-Virginia Heyer Young, José Solis, Public school reform in Puerto Rico: Sustaining colonial models of development. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1994. x + 171 pp.-Carolyn Cooper, Christian Habekost, Verbal Riddim: The politics and aesthetics of African-Caribbean Dub poetry. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1993. vii + 262 pp.-Clarisse Zimra, Jaqueline Leiner, Aimé Césaire: Le terreau primordial. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1993. 175 pp.-Clarisse Zimra, Abiola Írélé, Aimé Césaire: Cahier d'un retour au pays natal. With introduction, commentary and notes. Abiola Írélé. Ibadan: New Horn Press, 1994. 158 pp.-Alvina Ruprecht, Stella Algoo-Baksh, Austin C. Clarke: A biography. Barbados: The Press - University of the West Indies; Toronto: ECW Press, 1994. 234 pp.-Sue N. Greene, Glyne A. Griffith, Deconstruction, imperialism and the West Indian novel. Kingston: The Press - University of the West Indies, 1996. xxiii + 147 pp.-Donald R. Hill, Peter Manuel ,Caribbean currents: Caribbean music from Rumba to Reggae. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995. xi + 272 pp., Kenneth Bilby, Michael Largey (eds)-Daniel J. Crowley, Judith Bettelheim, Cuban festivals: An illustrated anthology. New York: Garland Publishing, 1993. x + 261 pp.-Judith Bettelheim, Ramón Marín, Las fiestas populares de Ponce. San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1994. 277 pp.-Marijke Koning, Eric O. Ayisi, St. Eustatius: The treasure island of the Caribbean. Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, 1992. xviii + 224 pp.-Peter L. Patrick, Marcyliena Morgan, Language & the social construction of identity in Creole situations. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American studies, UCLA, 1994. vii + 158 pp.-John McWhorter, Tonjes Veenstra, Serial verbs in Saramaccan: Predication and Creole genesis. The Hague: Holland Academic Graphic, 1996. x + 217 pp.-John McWhorter, Jacques Arends, The early stages of creolization. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1995. xv + 297 pp.
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Nassif, Alexandre B., Sean Ericson, Chad Abbey, Robert Jeffers, Eliza Hotchkiss, and Shay Bahramirad. "Valuing Resilience Benefits of Microgrids for an Interconnected Island Distribution System." Electronics 11, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 4206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244206.
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Extreme climate-driven events such as hurricanes, floods, and wildfires are becoming more intense in areas exposed to these threats, requiring approaches to improve the resilience of the electrical infrastructure serving these communities. Long-duration outages caused by such high impact events propagate to economic, health, and social consequences for communities. As essential service providers, electric utilities are mandated to provide safe, economical and reliable electricity to their customers. The public is becoming less tolerant to these more frequent disruptions, especially in view of technological advances that are intended to improve power quality, reliability and resilience. One promising solution is state-of-the-art microgrids and the advanced controls employed therein. This paper presents and demonstrates an approach to technoeconomic analysis that can be used to value the avoided economic consequences of grid resilience investments, as applied to the islands of Vieques and Culebra in Puerto Rico. This valuation methodology can support policies to incorporate resilience value into any investment decision-making process, especially those which serve the public interest.
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Calle Müller, Claudia, and Mohamed ElZomor. "Addressing Post-Disaster Challenges and Fostering Social Mobility through Origami Infrastructure and Construction Trade Education." Sustainability 16, no. 8 (April 19, 2024): 3415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16083415.
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Natural disasters devastate property and infrastructure systems, impeding sustainable development. Low-income communities, due to economic, physical, and social disparities, face heightened exposure and vulnerability. These communities endure severe and long-lasting infrastructure damage, experiencing a fourfold increase in deaths per disaster and delayed recovery efforts. Consequently, they resort to constructing informal housing and infrastructure, worsening post-disaster challenges and vulnerabilities. This study aims to address post-disaster challenges in low-income communities by proposing two novel approaches that remain understudied despite their significant potential: (1) a short-term solution of origami temporary emergency housing for swift shelter post-disaster, enabling a return to routine activities while homes and infrastructure systems are being repaired or rebuilt; and (2) a long-term solution, including effective pedagogy, such as teaching methods and instructional tools, to educate and train low-income individuals to aid in sustainable post-disaster reconstruction while providing the added benefit of social mobility. To validate the feasibility of origami TEH and the need and effectiveness of the pedagogy, a survey among architecture, engineering, and construction experts in Puerto Rico, a region prone to natural disasters, was conducted. The results, analyzed using statistical measures including descriptive statistics and ordered probit regression analysis, emphasize the urgent need for sustainable TEH that can be quickly assembled and education for low-income individuals in construction trades. Implementing these solutions will significantly impact communities by addressing post-disaster challenges and promoting social mobility and job equity.
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Pala, O., and P. Schrum. "SIMULATING INFRASTRUCTURE OUTAGES: AN OPEN-SOURCE GEOSPATIAL APPROACH." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (March 6, 2018): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-389-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Understanding the impact of service outages caused by natural or man-made disasters in utility services is a key part of decision-making in response and recovery efforts. Large-scale outages in the last 15 years, from the 2003 northeast blackout to Hurricane Maria devastating Puerto Rico in 2017, highlighted the importance of tight couplings within and across various utilities. The brittleness of these tight couplings results in long delays in restoring large-scale outages. Such cross-infrastructure effects can make analysis for decision makers and responders far more complex. To facilitate recovery, decision makers need to use specialized Decision Support Systems (DSS) that allow simulation of various alternative enablement options along with their impact on society.<br> In this article, we describe our geo-simulation engine and datasets used for outage modelling. First, we detail our efforts in correcting and completing Electric Power (EP) network for the western US. Next, we explain the architecture and initial implementation of the platform-independent, open-source geospatial simulation engine that we are in the process of developing. Using this engine, we can consider the amount of commodity at the transmission source (power plants) and sinks (substations) and set thresholds at sinks to trigger and simulate outages. For instance, a threshold can be set to trigger an outage at substation level if the available commodity amount drops below 80&thinsp;% of the demand. Future additions include cross-infrastructure and enablement consequence analysis to provide a complete and transparent DSS to study outages on multiple interrelating infrastructures through scenario-based evaluation criteria.</p>
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Goenaga, Ricardo, Mark Guiltinan, Siela Maximova, Ed Seguine, and Heber Irizarry. "Yield Performance and Bean Quality Traits of Cacao Propagated by Grafting and Somatic Embryo-derived Cuttings." HortScience 50, no. 3 (March 2015): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.3.358.
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Twelve cacao (Theobroma cacao) clones propagated by grafting and orthotropic rooted cuttings of somatic embryo-derived plants were grown on an Ultisol soil at Corozal, Puerto Rico, and evaluated for 6 years of production under intensive management. Year, variety, year × variety, and propagation treatment × variety interactions indicated significant effects for dry bean yield, number of pods produced, pod index, plant height, and stem diameter. Propagation treatments had a significant effect on dry bean yield and pod index but not on number of pods produced. Average yield across varieties for both propagation treatments was 2087.9 kg·ha−1 per year of dry beans. There was a highly significant variety effect. ‘UF-668’ was the top yielder averaging 2536.7 kg·ha−1 per year of dry beans; however, this yield was not significantly different from the average yield of varieties ‘TARS-30’, ‘TARS-1’, ‘TARS-13’, ‘TARS-14’, and ‘TARS-2’, which averaged 2427.0 kg·ha−1 per year. Except for ‘UF-668’, the TARS varieties were released in 2009 as high-yielding selections. Propagation treatments had a significant effect on dry bean yield. Dry bean yield of varieties propagated by grafting was 7% higher (2166.7 kg·ha−1 per year) than those propagated by orthotropic rooted cuttings of somatic embryo-derived plants (2009.2 kg·ha−1 per year). This yield difference could not be attributed to grafted plants being more vigorous nor by differences in root architecture. The lowest pod index value in both propagation treatments was obtained by ‘UF-668’; however, pod index for this variety did not differ significantly from values for ‘TARS-2’ and ‘TARS-23’ in grafted plants and from ‘TARS-2’, ‘TARS-23’, and ‘TARS-1’ in plants propagated by orthotropic rooted cuttings of somatic embryo-derived plants. With few exceptions, flavor characteristics were not significantly affected by propagation treatments. Although there were significant differences between plant propagation treatments for some of the variables measured in this study, these were not of a magnitude that would preclude the use of somatic embryogenesis as a viable propagation system for cacao.
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Roldán-Figueroa, Rady. "Empire of Portland Cement, Concrete Blocks, and Specialty Shingles." Social Sciences and Missions 36, no. 3-4 (December 14, 2023): 256–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-bja10080.
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Abstract The article examines the close collaboration between Protestant missionaries and expatriate American construction entrepreneurs in the early 1900s in Puerto Rico. The construction work done by the Czech American architect Antonin Nechodoma (1877–1928), the builder Frank Bond Hatch (1871–1925), and Protestant missionaries represent an instance of this collaboration, which led to the adoption of Portland cement products in the construction of church buildings (Beatriz del Cueto, 2016). Nechodoma’s contribution to the development of a religious architectural language on behalf of Protestant missionaries has been largely neglected. While Nechodoma’s figure has gathered popular attention of late, the aim of this article is to situate changes in the design and construction of ecclesiastic structures associated with Methodism within the larger context of American imperialist expansionism and political change in Puerto Rico. Examined collectively, the new religious buildings of the period 1898–c. 1927 reveal the implantation of a new religious colonialist architectural aesthetic.
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Castellanos, César, Duane A. Kolterman, and Henricus Franciscus M. Vester. "Architectural analysis ofBuxus vahliiBaill. (Buxaceae) in two different environments in Puerto Rico." Adansonia 33, no. 1 (June 2011): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/a2011n1a3.
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Luengo, Pedro. "Housing the King’s Enslaved Workers in the Spanish Caribbean." Arts 12, no. 6 (November 29, 2023): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts12060245.
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The construction of military edifices in Spanish Caribbean was overseen by engineers, as previous studies have largely shown, but forced labor played a key role in the processes, an understudied aspect. Hundreds of enslaved workers in San Juan de Puerto Rico or San Juan de Ulúa (Veracruz, Mexico) and thousands in Havana (Cuba) helped create the built environment of the Spanish empire in the eighteenth century yet both their significant physical presences and housing situations have not been discussed at large. Furthermore, general maintenance of these structures was one of the duties of military engineers serving in Spanish Caribbean and, thus, archival material should be rich in describing this aspect, yet very few plans or reports offer any information concerning enslaved workers’ habitations, apart from Havana’s galeras and some sections of San Juan de Ulúa, both unpublished until now. Recognizing that Spanish authorities paid little attention to the lodgings of their enslaved workers, this paper considers the forms of structures created by enslaved peoples for their lodgings. Through examples discussed in Havana and for San Juan de Ulúa, this study demonstrates that European architectural traditions were eschewed in favor of native and, likely, African customs. These examples offer unique insights into enslaved peoples’ living environments and expand our discussions into how race contributed to the diversity of architectural practices in the early modern Iberian world.
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Miranda Paredes, Linda Elizabeth, Lenin Alexis Velastegui Moreno, and Gabriela Elizabeth Álvarez Miranda. "Análisis de componentes y valoración del paisaje: Parque Nacional Llanganates. Píllaro. Ecuador." MÓDULO ARQUITECTURA CUC 29 (July 30, 2022): 108–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/mod.arq.cuc.29.1.2022.05.
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El Ecuador, país latinoamericano privilegiado y reconocido por sus abundantes recursos naturales y su rico patrimonio cultural, ubicados en las cuatro regiones naturales: Costa, Sierra, Oriente y la Región Insular. En este sentido, de acuerdo al Ministerio de Ambiente, once territorios cumplieron con los requisitos para alcanzar la denominación de Parques Nacionales; Llanganates fue incorporado en 1996. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el análisis paisajístico mediante el levantamiento de los elementos naturales, antrópicos y culturales del Parque Nacional Llanganates; la metodología aplicada se basó en un modelo multidisciplinar, a través de la investigación de tipo exploratorio, descriptivo y explicativo, el enfoque cualitativo vinculado con la valoración de componentes paisajísticos. Además, los recursos intangibles constituidas por ricas leyendas surgidas con la conquista española, como la captura y asesinato en Cajamarca del Inca Atahualpa, trasladado a Quito, y posteriormente enterrado de acuerdo con expertos historiadores y antropólogos, en la Hacienda Malqui Machay, Sigchos, provincia de Cotopaxi, un lugar rico en ruinas y múltiples vestigios incas. Así también se relata que Rumiñahui medio hermano y general del Inca, trasladó los tesoros y los ocultó en Llanganates, lo que despertó curiosidad y expectativa. Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos en el levantamiento de los componentes Biofísicos, visuales y antrópicos a más del legado cultural son importantes para exponer los grandes valores paisajísticos del sitio de estudio. Concluyendo, el conocimiento y puesta en valor de lugares icónicos abrieron una percepción más amplia sobre el mítico Parque Nacional de los Llanganates.
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Humphries, Meghann B., Maria W. Barbosa De Oliveira Pil, Steven C. Latta, Peter P. Marra, and Robert E. Ricklefs. "Historical demography of Coereba flaveola on Puerto Rico." Auk 136, no. 2 (April 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/uky017.
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Abstract We use contemporary genetic diversity to characterize the within-island population structure and historical demography of Bananaquits (Aves: Thraupidae: Coerebinae: Coereba flaveola) on the West Indian island of Puerto Rico (Greater Antilles). We relate periods of population expansion, from Puerto Rico across the Lesser Antilles, to the genetic architecture of the source population, and describe differentiation of populations within Puerto Rico. Lastly, we report comparable analyses of populations of Bananaquits on Jamaica and of a related species, the Black-faced Grassquit (Coerebinae: Tiaris bicolor), on Puerto Rico. We found differentiation among contemporary populations of Bananaquits within Puerto Rico and signatures of renewed demographic expansion in eastern Puerto Rico beginning ~100 kyr ago and, in the western portion of the island, ~40 kyr ago. Populations of T. bicolor on Puerto Rico exhibit similar structure to Bananaquits, while Bananaquits on Jamaica exhibit no differentiation among locations. Both T. bicolor and Jamaican C. flaveola provide mixed evidence of demographic expansion.
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"Agua para todos, Humacao, Puerto Rico, 2019." ARQ (Santiago), no. 114 (August 2023): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-69962023000200086.
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"TOWARDS AN OPTIMAL ARCHITECTURE FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GOVERNANCE IN PUERTO RICO." Issues In Information Systems, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.48009/1_iis_2013_197-206.
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Yaffar, Daniela, Camille E. Defrenne, Kristine G. Cabugao, Stephanie N. Kivlin, Joanne Childs, Niko Carvajal, and Richard J. Norby. "Trade-Offs in Phosphorus Acquisition Strategies of Five Common Tree Species in a Tropical Forest of Puerto Rico." Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 4 (July 13, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.698191.
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Tree species that are successful in tropical lowlands have different acquisition strategies to overcome soil phosphorus (P) limitations. Some of these strategies belowground include adjustments in fine-root traits, such as morphology, architecture, association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and phosphatase activity. Trade-offs among P-acquisition strategies are expected because of their respective carbon cost. However, empirical evidence remains scarce which hinders our understanding of soil P-acquisition processes in tropical forests. Here, we measured seven fine-root functional traits related to P acquisition of five common tree species in three sites of the Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico. We then described species-specific P-acquisition strategies and explored the changes in fine-root trait expression from 6 months before to 6 months after two consecutive hurricanes, Irma and María, passed over the island. We found that variations in root trait expression were driven mainly by the large interspecific differences across the three selected sites. In addition, we revealed a trade-off between highly colonized fine roots with high phosphatase activity and fine roots that have a high degree of branching. Furthermore, the former strategy was adopted by pioneer species (Spathodea campanulata and Cecropia schreberiana), whereas the latter was adopted by non-pioneer species (mostly Dacryodes excelsa and Prestoea montana). Additionally, we found that root trait expression did not change comparing 6 months before and after the hurricanes, with the exception of root phosphatase activity. Altogether, our results suggest a combination of structural and physiological root traits for soil P acquisition in P-poor tropical soils by common tropical tree species, and show stability on most of the root trait expression after hurricane disturbances.
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Biswas, Sudhanshu Kumar, Uttam Ghosh, and Susmita Sarkar. "A mathematical model of Zika virus transmission with saturated incidence and optimal control: A case study of 2016 zika outbreak in Puerto Rico." International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, January 6, 2023, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02286203.2022.2163834.
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Rajabli, Farid, Briseida E. Feliciano‐Astacio, Kara L. Hamilton‐Nelson, Joe Rivero, Bilcag Akgun, Larry D. Adams, Pedro R. Mena, et al. "A genome‐wide association study in Puerto Ricans suggests new risk loci for Alzheimer disease." Alzheimer's & Dementia 19, S12 (December 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.080233.
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AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer disease (AD) is the fourth leading cause of death in Puerto Rico. The Puerto Rican (PR) population has a high proportion of older adults (18%, over > 65), with 12.5% of them suffering from ADThese statistics highlight the need to investigate the genetic risk factors underlying AD in the PR population, as it could lead to the development of targeted treatments and therapies. Moreover, the ancestrally admixed makeup of the PR population provides an opportunity to assess the role of the European (∼67%), African (∼20%) and Amerindian (∼13%) ancestry in AD risk. We performed genome wide association analysis (GWAS) using whole genome sequence data to identify genetic risk/protective factors associated with AD in the PR population.MethodThe PR dataset includes WGS and phenotype data from 640 individuals, comprising 335 AD and 305 cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls. To account for the population substructure, we calculated the global ancestry (principal components) using EIGENSTRAT. We performed GWAS analyses with a generalized linear mixed‐model using the SAIGE software. The model included genotype, sex, age, and principal components (population substructure) as fixed effects and genetic relationship matrix as a random effect. The genetic relationship matrix was calculated based on genomic data and accounted for the relatedness among the individuals in the dataset.ResultWe identified four suggestive significant loci (P<1×10−6) associated with the risk of AD in PRs: NACC2 (pv = 4.8×10−7) on chromosome 9, SCN8A (pv = 9.3×10−7) on chromosome 12, FOXK2 (pv = 9.9×10−7) on chromosome 17, and APOEe4 (pv = 6.8×10−8) on chromosome 19. Eight additional AD loci with the same lead marker from European GWAS study (Bellenquez et al.) showed nominal significance: FERMT2 (pv = 6.2×10−3), TREM2 (pv = 8.0×10−3), CLU (pv = 1.8×10−2), RASGEF1C (pv = 2.4×10−2), ADAM17 (pv = 3.5×10−2), DOC2A (pv = 4.3×10−2), GRN (pv = 4.4×10−2) and SORL1 (pv = 5.1×10−2).ConclusionThis study identified three suggestive novel significant loci (NACC2, SCN8A, and FOXK2) associated with AD risk in PRs. In addition, GWAS study on PRs with a high proportion of European ancestry was able to replicate nine AD loci previously identified in European studies. These findings provide new insights into the genetic architecture of AD in the PR population.
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"Aspan Conference - Albuquerque New Mexico ‘Reach Beyond the Horizon - Make Dreams A Reality’ April 5–8th 2003." British Journal of Anaesthetic and Recovery Nursing 4, no. 4 (November 2003): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742645600001121.
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Home to this years ASPAN conference, Albuquerque New Mexico - home to the native Indians - then Spanish and finally the Americans. A rich blend of cultures that has left stunning pueblo architecture, jewellery, pottery. For me the big thrill however was Route 66 - this classic road cuts right through Central - as I walked two blocks down this street everyday to the conference convention centre I tried to imagine what it must have been like 40 years ago with the Cadillacs and convertibles, bumper to bumper taking the famous trip from LA - Chicago or the other way. Now the street is fairly quiet and Albuquerque has grown outwards.
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Agüero-Bravo, Fernandi. "Aplicación de las TIC y realidad aumentada como iniciativa para la puesta en valor del patrimonio arquitectónico. Estudios de casos españoles para su posible implementación en contextos patrimoniales costarricenses." Revista Tecnología en Marcha, October 20, 2021, 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/tm.v34i5.5916.
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La realidad aumentada es una tecnología que ha sido ampliamente desarrollada para fines académicos, educativos y de entretenimiento, algunos países se han valido de esta tecnología para promover la cultura y el turismo urbano en sitios patrimoniales; no obstante, al ser una herramienta con poca exploración en el país, la investigación teórica y aplicada en este campo facilitaría su consolidación en Costa Rica para la puesta en valor del patrimonio arquitectónico.
El presente artículo, a partir de la metodología de estudios de casos, tiene por objetivo evaluar el funcionamiento, propuesta y difusión de aplicaciones móviles que utilizan las TIC para el desarrollo turístico de entornos con interés patrimonial. La evaluación parte de una serie de entrevistas realizadas a expertos de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid quienes permitieron definir los criterios y posteriormente, se analizaron en campo el funcionamiento de aplicaciones en las ciudades de Segovia, Toledo y Barcelona, ciudades que utilizan estas nuevas tecnologías, para ofrecer, desarrollar y promover su patrimonio cultural. Como principal conclusión, a partir de dicho análisis se elaboró una serie de conclusiones y recomendaciones para su posible implementación en entornos patrimoniales.
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Otárola Guevara, Marcela. "Una mirada polisémica de la ciudad de Barva, Costa Rica." REVISTARQUIS 5, no. 1 (June 28, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ra.v5i1.25409.
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Resumen Este es el resumen de una tesis presentada en el 2015 para optar al grado de Magister Scientiae en Historia Aplicada en la Universidad Nacional. Es una investigación de Historia Urbana sobre la transformación espacial del Distrito Central de Barva en el período 1945-2014, producto de los cambios en su población. Se considera la ciudad un elemento sígnico que revela los pensamientos que han primado en su modelaje urbano y que se manifiestan en la apropiación de los espacios arquitectónicos. El objetivo del estudio es explicar la morfología social y urbana como el resultado de la interacción de actores sociales y dilucidar su procedencia; la metodología empleada incluyó la revisión documental de fuentes diversas (fotografías, censos, mapas, actas, crónicas, españolas) y un trabajo de campo (observaciones no participantes y entrevistas) que fueron sistematizados en sinopsis, cuadros y mapas conceptuales. Tras el análisis de los resultados se descubrió que: a) Barva se ha apreciado como un pueblo agropecuario e indígena desde el período de la colonia, b) los cambios en la población han provocado reacciones en los habitantes que se expresan en prácticas urbanas particulares, c) la valoración urbana está asociada a representaciones sociales devenidas del uso cotidiano de los espacios y de antiguas creencias y d) el desarrollo territorial y el paisaje urbano son expresiones del comportamiento social en diferentes coyunturas. Se concluye que el Distrito Central de Barva ha cambiado porque su población lo ha hecho y por tanto los procesos de construcción identitarios se han modificado.Abstract This is the summary of a thesis presented in 2015 for the degree of Master of Science in Applied History at the National University. It is an investigation of the urban history of the spatial transformation of the Central District of Barva in the period from 1945 to 2014, as a result of changes in its population. The city is treated as a symbolic element that reveals the thoughts that have prevailed in its urban modeling and manifested in the appropriation of architectural spaces. The aim of the study is to explain the social and urban morphology as consequence of the interaction of social actors and elucidate its origin; the methodology used included the review of documents from various sources (photographs, censuses, maps, records, Spanish chronicles) and fieldwork (nonparticipant observations and interviews) that were systematized in synopsis, tables and conceptual maps. After analysis of the results it was found that: a) Barva has been appreciated as an agricultural and indigenous place since the period of the Colony; b) changes in the population have provoked reactions in people who have particular urban practices; c) urban assessment is associated with social representations that come from uses of everyday spaces and ancient beliefs and d) territorial development and urban landscape are expressions of social behavior in different situations. It is concluded that the Central District of Barva has changed because its population has changed and, therefore, identity construction processes have been modified.