Relevant bibliographies by topics / Architecture – South Africa – North-West

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Architecture – South Africa – North-West'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Architecture – South Africa – North-West"

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Schellekens, Jona. "A Note on the Dutch Origins of South African Colonial Architecture." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 56, no. 2 (1997): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991284.

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The accepted view is that the eighteenth-century colonial architecture of South Africa has Dutch origins. Jan van der Meulen has challenged this view in this journal. Previous research has looked for the origins of the mostly rural South African colonial architecture in urban Dutch architecture, but, as van der Meulen has noted, with meager results. This note suggests that rural Dutch architecture may be a better field in which to look. Much of the argument presented here is based on a comparison between South African colonial gable design and that in the Zaanstreek, a rural-industrial area north of Amsterdam.
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Milosevic, Predrag. "Foundations of Byzantine late middle ages architecture thoughtfulness." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 2, no. 5 (2003): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace0305395m.

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Only in the recent few years have a number of facsimile publications on architecture offered a possibility of studying the original texts from different time periods. Those, already rare studies on the theory of architecture in the western civilization, almost regularly completely omit the Byzantine achievements in the so-called entirety of thoughtfulness (enkyklios paideia), that was a main characteristic of Byzantine learning. This learning, based on the ancient Greek and Hellenistic foundations, in many ways concern architecture, especially the architectural theory. That is why writing a good account of the architectural theory of this, historically such an important country as Byzantium, in such a long historical period (since 312 till 1453), has been a difficult task (this contribution is just the initial part of the study). One should not be disregarded that the architectural theories are never completely independent of historical geographical or even personal prejudices of their authors. In this sense, a subject matter of this treatise is just one 1141 year long part of the architectural theory of the West (West - in civilizational terms, not a political West), the part that rests on Christian foundations that is the Orthodox, Roman Catholic and Protestant ones, mainly. It is all treated in order, from ancient pagan Greece and Rome, ancient and Middle Ages Orthodox Byzantium, until Middle Ages and New Age Europe, altogether, Orthodox, Roman Catholic and Protestant Europe, and then those parts of the world in which the said civilizational circle managed to take root in: parts of Asia, North and South America, parts of Africa and Australia.
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Umezurike, Samuel Augustine, and Olusola Ogunnubi. "Counting the Cost? A Cautionary Analysis of South Africa's BRICS Membership." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 8, no. 5(J) (2016): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i5(j).1444.

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BRICS is a grouping of five major developing countries that includes Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, all with the ambition of changing the governance architecture of international political-economy but with claims to speedy industrialization, fast growing economies and relatively strong regional and global influence. South Africa joined BRICS at the invitation of China in 2010 and has shown commitment to the group through friendly relations with other member countries. The country’s extensive economic links with China and the other BRICS states underpinned its strategy of diversifying its external trade especially with regard to looking away from West. This article employs content analysis to reflect on South Africa’s membership of BRICS, focusing specifically on the country’s relations with China. It argues that, while South Africa’s economic indicators do not fit well with the BRICS grouping, China is promoting this relationship in order to counter the West’s neo-imperialism and neo-liberal rhetoric. South Africa’s willingness to accept Chinese superiority in the African market and to act as a junior partner in the global power configuration makes the country the perfect choice for this project.
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Whelan, Debbie. "Snippets from the north: Architects in Durban and their response to identity, common culture and resistance in the 1930s." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 4, no. 1 (2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2019.11774.

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<p class="Abstracttext-VITRUVIOCxSpFirst">Previously colonized by both Holland and Britain, South Africans have always borrowed; many taking aesthetic clues from memories of ‘home’. Applied seemingly irrelevantly, these ‘clues’ often border on the pastiche. Pre and post Union in 1910, the British-controlled colonies of Natal and the Cape absorbed imported architectural influences which not only introduced an Arts and Crafts layer to Victorian Gothic and Classical revivals, but introduced vital new ideas, namely Art Deco and Modernism.</p><p class="Abstracttext-VITRUVIOCxSpFirst">Somehow this polemic embraced another revival: a melange of Tudor and Elizabethan focusing on detail, craftsmanship and nostalgia. The ‘Tudorbethan’ Revival occurred at a vital point in the inter-war era, and it is contended that this style demonstrated a calculated resistance to the hybrid ‘Union Period’ architecture and its political role in forging a common diasporic identity and culture in the 1930s, rather than a mere application of fashion.</p><p class="Abstracttext-VITRUVIOCxSpFirst">This paper situates the Tudorbethan Revival within contemporary architectural themes in Durban, South Africa, and contextualises the socio-political production of buildings between the wars before examining the works of architects who conceived this well-crafted, nostalgic and irrelevant architecture. It concludes by comparing this complex aesthetic with the contemporary architectural thread of ‘Gwelo’ Goodman’s Cape Dutch Revival suggesting the degree to which domestic architecture is able to support political positions in contested societies.</p>
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SMITH, GIDEON F., RONELL R. KLOPPER, NEIL R. CROUCH, and ESTRELA FIGUEIREDO. "Reinstatement of Aloe davyana (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a winter-flowering species endemic to central-northeastern South Africa." Phytotaxa 475, no. 3 (2020): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.475.3.4.

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Aloe davyana (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a winter-flowering aloe that is endemic to the north-central interior of South Africa, is reinstated at the rank of species based on plant size, clumping habit, leaf colour and ornamentation, inflorescence architecture, and several flower characters. In the past it was sometimes treated as A. greatheadii var. davyana.
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Smith, David, and James Crow. "The Hellenistic and Byzantine Defences of Tocra (Taucheira)." Libyan Studies 29 (1998): 35–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900006014.

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AbstractThe fortifications of the Hellenistic and Roman city of Tocra are over 2 km long (including the sea-wall) and comprise a curtain wall up to 2 m wide flanked by 31 rectangular towers. Three main structural phases were noted in the survey carried out in 1966 by David Smith: (1) Hellenistic walls of isodomic ashlar, (2) later Hellenistic work of isodomic ashlar with bevelled edges, associated with the indented trace along the south rampart, and (3) an extensive rebuild of plain ashlar blocks including the towers and reconstruction to the East and West Gates, dateable, on the basis of Procopius, to the reign of Justinian. The general significance of the fortifications at Tocra is considered in the second part: these include the Hellenistic indented trace along the south side, later reinforced by towers in the sixth century AD. Also of wider importance was the use of an outer wall or proteichisma, and the pentagonal, pointed towers at the two main gates. Both these elements were unusual in Byzantine North Africa and they are discussed as part of the more general repertory of Byzantine fortifications. The unusual tower adjacent to the West Church is considered in the context of literary accounts. The article concludes by considering how the architecture and magnitude of the fortifications can allow a reassessment of the wider role of the city in the sixth and seventh century defences of Cyrenaica.
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Brown, Gavin. "‘Burn it down!’: Materialising intersectional solidarities in the architecture of the South African Embassy during the London Poll Tax Riot, March 1990." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 2 (2019): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654419857183.

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This paper offers a new way of conceptualising how intersectional solidarities are actualised. It recounts and theorises an outbreak of radical internationalism, when working class struggles in Britain and South Africa were unexpectedly linked. It examines how intersectional solidarity was materialised through a process of coming together against the architectural fabric of the South African Embassy and considers the interwoven temporalities that enabled this action to occur. On 31 March 1990, nearly a quarter of a million people demonstrated in London against the Poll Tax that was due to take effect in England and Wales the following day. On the day, the Metropolitan Police lost control of an already enraged crowd and provoked a large scale riot that engulfed the West End of London for several hours. In the midst of the riot, during a short retreat by the police, protesters took the opportunity to attack the South African Embassy in Trafalgar Square – many windows were broken and an attempt was made to set the building alight. Drawing on interviews with former anti-apartheid protesters who were present on that day (and who had concluded a four-year long Non-Stop Picket of the embassy a month earlier), this paper explores and analyses their memories of that unexpected moment when their previously symbolic call to ‘burn it down’ was (almost) materialised. In doing so, it contributes new ways of conceptualising the spatiality and temporality of intersectional solidarity.
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Wickens, H. de V., and D. I. Cole. "Lithostratigraphy of the Skoorsteenberg Formation (Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 120, no. 3 (2017): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/gssajg.120.3.433.

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Abstract The Middle Permian Skoorsteenberg Formation is part of the Ecca Group (Karoo Supergroup) of South Africa. It is also known as the ‘Tanqua fan complex’ due to its origin as a deep-water sedimentation unit associated with a prograding deltaic system. The Skoorsteenberg Formation crops out over approximately 650 km2 along the western margin of the Main Karoo Basin. It thins out in a northerly and easterly direction and therefore has a limited extent with cut-off boundaries to the south and north. It is underlain by the Tierberg Formation and overlain by the Kookfontein Formation, the latter being limited to the regional distribution of the Skoorsteenberg Formation. The Skoorsteenberg Formation has a composite thickness of 400 m and comprises five individual sandstone packages, separated by shale units of similar thickness. The sandstones are very fine- to fine-grained, light greyish to bluish grey when fresh, poorly sorted and lack primary porosity and permeability. The Tanqua fan complex is regarded as one of the world’s best examples of an ancient basin floor to slope fan complex associated with a fluvially dominated deltaic system. It has served as analogue for many deep-water systems around the world and continues to be a most sought after “open-air laboratory” for studying the nature of fine-grained, deep-water sedimentation. The fan systems are essentially tectonically undeformed, outstandingly well exposed and contain an inexhaustible amount of information on the deep-water architecture of lower slope to basin floor turbidite deposits.
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Miles, Malcolm. "PARTICIPATION: HOUSING AND URBAN VIABILITY." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 37, no. 3 (2013): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2013.832483.

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In the global North, housing tends to be seen as a sub-sector of the construction industry. In the global South, in contrast, it might be considered more as a verb – housing as the activity of meeting basic needs for shelter. As such, this process is frequently undertaken by users themselves, in the informal settlements which surround most cities. While these settlements were once regarded as a threat to the urban order (or urbanization), today there is increasing recognition that self-build and self-managed housing meets the needs of urban development in ways which are usually more sustainable as well as lower-cost than standard housing schemes (whether in the public or the private sector). This paper begins from the question as to how far the lessons of informal settlements in the South can be applied in the North. It looks at the status of informal settlements in the new South Africa, and at two schemes in the UK: the Coin Street development in London, managed by tenants; and Ashley Vale self-build housing in Bristol, in southwest England. These are not seen as exemplary but simply two cases which can be compared and contrasted in the terrain of new approaches to building cities for the future.
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Price, Christine. "Decolonising a landscape architecture studio: Spatial modelling of student narratives." Multimodality & Society 1, no. 1 (2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2634979521992737.

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This paper problematises the dominance of global north perspectives in landscape architectural education, in South Africa where there are urgent calls to decolonise education and make visible indigenous and vernacular meaning-making practices. In grappling with these concerns, this research finds resonance with a multimodal social semiotic approach that acknowledges the interest, agency and resourcefulness of students as meaning-makers in both accessing and challenging dominant educational discourses. This research involves a case study of a design project in a first-year landscape architectural studio. The project requires students to choose a narrative and to represent it as a spatial model: a scaled, 3D maquette of a spatial experience that could be installed in a public park. This practitioner reflection closely analyses the spatial model of one student, Malibongwe, focusing on his interest in meaning-making; the innovative meaning-making practices and diverse resources he draws on; and his expression of spatial signifiers of the Black experiences portrayed in his narrative. This reflection shows how Malibongwe’s narrative is not only reproduced in the spatial model, it is remade: the transformation of resources into three-dimensional spatial form results in new understandings and the production of new meanings.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Architecture – South Africa – North-West"

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McLean, Diane Lynn. "Indigenous Tswana architecture: with specific reference to the Tshidi Rolong village at Mafikeng." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007600.

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This essay is divided roughly into two main sections; in the first I have discussed the Tswana as a whole, their environment, their origins and their more recent history. In addition to this, I have tried to give a clear picture of their tribal political structure and economic activities, as well as their domestic activities, all of which are integrally linked to the kind of house form adopted by the Tswana. The last, and most important, part of the first section is a presentation of some of the earliest written descriptions of Tswana dwellings made by the first white travellers to enter Tswana territory. The second section takes the form of a presentation of findings observed during the course of personal field research undertaken in the Tshidi-Rolong village outside Mafikeng. This research was done by means of a number of questionnaires drawn up by myself and filled in on the spot with information supplied by house owners and sometimes the builders themselves. This survey was carried out largely at random, with several of the houses chosen arbitrarily because of an interesting feature which set them apart from other dwellings. This written information is backed up by a large bulk of visual information in the form of photographs taken personally, both of the dwellings in general, and of details of the houses. Although this essay may appear to be rather fragmented, my aim is to give a graphic account of changes in Tswana dwellings by comparing features of contemporary dwellings with those observed in the early nineteenth century. The fact that among the Tswana , the building style of one sub-tribe may vary slightly from that of another subtribe, has not affected my study to any large extent , since I was fortunate enough to have done my field research among a branch of one of the original groups, namely the Rolong, whose houses, along with those of the Tlhaping, were the first to be documented. Therefore, most of the differences which have occurred between the dwellings of the contemporary Tshidi-Rolong and those from the early nineteenth century are a direct result of the process of westernisation.
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Desai, Ahmad. "Establishing the kinematics of the North East Region of South Africa with the use of GPS data." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21192.

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The Nubia-Somalia boundary is one of the least well defined plate boundaries. The southern extension, as it extends through the latitudes that are co-incidental to South Africa's geographical extent has not been defined. This project analyses Trignet data, supplemented with other available Nubian GPS data, to determine whether the North East Region of South Africa is segregated from the Nubian Plate. A ten year GPS time series (processed using the Bernese 5.0 precise GNSS software) is minimally constrained to the ITRF2008, using the reprocessed IGS08 products. This processed data was managed to alleviate GPS time series bias, which includes seasonal effects, the determination of GPS velocity uncertainty using a white+ icker noise model, discontinuity detection using Roggero's (2012) discontinuity algorithm and an outlier detection using an algorithm developed for this project for each of the 104 stations incorporated in the network. The computed velocities were compared to the ITRF2008 published velocities and a RMS of the post t residuals of 0.4, 0.4 and 0.7 mm/yr for the North, East and Height were computed respectively. This RMS is of similar magnitude to the WRMS of the post t velocity residuals in computing transformation parameters from ITRF2005 to ITRF2008, suggesting that the threshold of ITRF2008 velocity precision has been obtained. The resultant Euler vector was scrutinised on three fronts: an Euler vector rep- resenting the geographical extent of South Africa, an Euler vector in which the height velocity was minimised to zero and an Euler vector representing the North East Region of South Africa. All computed Euler vectors are consistent, suggesting a uniform South African GPS velocity field. The Euler vector representative of South Africa's uniform velocity field has an angular velocity of 0.273 deg/Myr, with a pole of rotation at lat 50.85 and long -82.83 degrees and is consistent with the Euler vectors computed by Altamimi et al. (2012) and Malservisi et al. (2013) for Africa and South Africa respectively. The consistency of the Euler vector suggests that South Africa is underlain by a single plate (i.e. the Nubian Plate), and that the East African Rift valley does not extend into South Africa. Hence, for future tectonic studies and long term reference frame solutions, stations such as HARB, HRAO and RBAY should be included, as they are not located in deformation zones.
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Hammond, Napoleon Quaye. "The geochemistry of ore fluids and control of gold mineralization in banded iron-formation at the Kalahari Goldridge deposit, Kraaipan greenstone belt, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008370.

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The Kalahari Goldridge mine is located within the Archaean Kraaipan Greenstone Belt about 60 km SW of Mafikeng in the Northwestern Province, South Africa. Several gold deposits are located within approximately north - south-striking banded iron-formation (BIF). Current opencast mining operations are focused on the largest of these (D Zone). The orebody is stratabound and hosted primarily in the BIF, which consists of alternating chert and magnetite-chloritestilpnomelane-sulphide-carbonate bands ranging from mm to cm scale. The ore body varies in thickness from 15 to 45 m along a strike length of about 1.5 km. The BlF is sandwiched between a sericite-carbonate-chlorite schist at the immediate footwall and carbonaceous meta-pelites in the hanging-wall. Further west in the footwall, the schists are underlain by mafic meta-volcanic amphibolite. Overlying the hanging-wall carbonaceous metapeiites are schist units and meta-greywackes that become increasingly conglomeratic up the stratigraphy. Stilpnomelane-, chlorite- and minnesotaite-bearing assemblages in the BlFs indicate metamorphic temperatures of 300 - 450°C and pressures of less than 5 kbars. The BIF generally strikes approximately 3400 and dips from 60 to 75°E. Brittle-ductile deformation is evidenced by small-scale isoclinal folds, brecciation, extension fractures and boudinaging of cherty BIF units. Fold axial planes are sub-parallel to the foliation orientation with sub-vertical plunges parallel to prominent rodding and mineral lineation in the footwall. Gold mineralization at the Kalahari Goldridge deposit is associated with two generations of subhorizontal quartz-carbonate veins dips approximately 20 to 40°W. The first generation consists of ladder vein sets (Group lIA) preferentially developed in Fe-rich meso bands, whilst the second generation consists of large quartz-carbonate veins (Group lIB), which crosscut the entire ore body extending into the footwall and hanging-wall in places. Major structures that control the ore body are related to meso-scale isoclinal folds with fold axes subparallel to mineral elongation lineations, which plunge approximately 067°E. These linear structures form orthogonal orientation with the plane of the mineralized shallowdipping veins indicating stretching and development of fluid - focusing conduits. A second-order controlling feature corresponds to the intersection of the mineralized veins and foliation planes of host rock, plunging approximately 008°N and trending 341°. G0ld is closely associated with sulphides, mainly pyrite and pyrrhotite and to a lesser extent with bismuth tellurides, and carbonate gangue. The ore fluid responsible for the gold deposition is in the C-O-H system with increased CH₄ contents attributed to localized hydrolysis reaction between interbedded carbonaceous sediment and ore fluid. The fluid is characterized by significant C0₂ contents and low salinities below 7.0 wt % NaCl equivalent (averages of 3.5 and 3.0 wt % NaCl equivalent for the first and second episodes of the mineralization respectively) . Calculated values of f0₂. ranging from 10⁻²⁹·⁹⁸ to 10⁻³²·⁹⁶ bars, bracket the C0₂-CH₄ and pyrite-pyrrhotite-magnetite buffer boundaries and reveal the reducing nature of the ore fluid at deposition. Calculated total sulphur content in the ore fluid (mΣs), ranges from 0.011 to 0.018M and is consistent with the range (10⁻³·⁵ to 10⁻¹M) reported for subamphibolite facies ore fluids. The close association of sulphides with the Au and nature of the fluid also give credence that the Au was carried in solution by the Au(HS)₂ - complex. Extensive epigenetic replacement of magnetite and chlorite in BIF and other meta-pelitic sediments in the deposit by sulphides and carbonates, both on meso scopic and microscopic scales gives evidence of an interaction by a CO₂- and H₂S-bearing fluid with the Fe-rich host rocks in the deposit. This facilitated Au precipitation due to changes in the physico-chemical conditions of the ore fluid such as a decrease in the mΣs and pH leading to the destabilization of the reduced sulphur complexes. Local gradients in f0₂ may account for gold precipitation in places within carbonaceous sediments. The fineness of the gold grams (1000*Au/(Au + Ag) ranges from 823 to 921. This compares favourably with the fineness reported for some Archaean BIFhosced deposits (851 - 970). Mass balance transfer calculations indicate that major chemical changes associated with the hydrothermal alteration of BIF include enrichment of Au, Ag, Bi, Te, volatiles (S and CO₂), MgO, Ba, K and Rb but significant depletion of SiO₂ and minor losses of Fe₂O₃. In addition, anomalous enrichment of Sc (average, 1247%) suggests its possible use as an exploration tool in the ferruginous sediments in the Kraaipan greenstone terrane. Evidence from light stable isotopes and fluid inclusions suggests that the mineralized veins crystallized from a single homogeneous fluid source during the two episodes of mineralization under the similar physicochemical conditions. Deposition occurred at temperatures rangmg from 350 to 400°C and fluid pressures ranging from 0.7 to 2.0kbars. Stable isotope constraints indicate the following range for the hydrothermal fluid; θ¹⁸H₂O = 6.65 to 10.48%0, 8¹³CΣc = -6.0 to -8.0 %0 and 8³⁴SΣs = + 1.69 to + 4.0%0 . These data do not offer conclusive evidence for the source of fluid associated with the mineralization at the Kalahari Goldridge deposit as they overlap the range prescribed for fluid derived from devolatization of deep-seated volcano-sedimentary piles near the brittle-ductile transition in greenstone belts during prograde metamorphism, and magmatic hydrothermal fluids.<br>KMBT_363<br>Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
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Matshego, Tabane Samuel. "Capacity building support in the senior public service of the North West Province of South Africa issues for leadership and governance /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05272008-175837/.

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Nkashe, Esther. "Language and social services in rural North West the status of Setswana." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002165.

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This study seeks to support the thesis that African indigenous languages in South Africa should enjoy equal treatment in terms of the South African Constitution. Therefore, it will explore and find ways and means of how the South African government can reach out to rural communities with inadequate English proficiency, in an English-dominated South Africa, by breaking down the existing language barriers and curbing social inequalities. Language rights, like any other human rights, should be protected, as enshrined in the new democratic Constitution of South Africa.
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Mosarwa, Ipeleng Felicia. "Usage of tribal assets towards community development : case study Royal Bafokeng Nation." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020378.

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Tribal (rural) communities possess assets/resources that can be utilised in improving the quality of life of their residents. The processes involved in the usage of these assets toward community-led development can determine the success or failure of the development efforts by the community. The research conducted was aimed at investigating the processes involved in utilising these assets, with reference being placed on two community-led development approaches namely Asset Based Community Development and Sustainable Livelihood Framework. The research will examine the processes that the Royal Bafokeng Nation has used in the successful development of its community. A comparison of the community-led development processes will be compared to the Integrated Sustainable Development Strategy formulated by the South African government to develop rural communities. The results indicate that development is not just about asset identification, it‟s more complex than that. If development was just about resource identification then a lot of tribal communities would be developed. Development is about the interactions between leaders, community and external sources and in the case of RBN, administration as well. It is about interaction between leaders and community in the form of participation in development efforts; interaction between leaders (and administration) with external sources such as municipalities to enhance development; and interaction between community and external sources through social capital. The results also indicate that whilst it is the duty of government to provide basic services, communities can partake in other development initiatives. That development in it‟s entirely should not be left to government if communities have the means of initiating development. That government has to improve certain aspects in their development strategies, but that it has made strides in formulating strategies to develop rural communities. The challenges for government come in the implementation of these strategies. That partnership between community and government can lead to better and sustainable development initiatives.
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Chaphatso, Motswantweng Ephraim. "The community response to the demarcation of the Merafong Municipality into the North West Province." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3489.

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This study was undertaken to describe how the community responded to the incorporation of the Merafong Municipality into the North West Province. The study examined the protracted conflict in Khutsong as well as why the strategies to end the conflict failed. The study was concerned about latent conflict; how differences are raised; dissatisfaction amongst members of the communities and that power asymmetry is the main driver of emotions leading to aggressive behaviour. Service delivery protests are characterised by violence in South Africa and more often communities turn violent in their engagement with their leaders or council officials. This is because it is believed that violence is the only language that authorities understand and they have nothing to lose as government property gets destroyed. Late invitations of third parties who have regulatory skills (negotiations, mediation, conciliation or judicial processes) when conflicts begin, lead to their escalation. A qualitative research method was chosen for this study. A qualitative case study better explained the phenomenon of interest. It allowed me to collect data from the respondents who were active members of the community through interviews. Twelve members of the community (from politicians, ordinary members, educators and the clergy) were part of the respondents. The report was of the respondents own personal experiences as active members of the community. Collected data from the transcripts was coded. Codes with similar meaning were put together in the same categories and the themes were formed from the categories. The qualitative content analysis method was used to analyse the data. From the analysis, it emerged that there was lack of communication and consultation from the side of the government before the implementation of the 16th Amendment Bill which was aimed at removing the cross border municipalities. The announcement was finally made of the incorporation of the Merafong Municipality into North West Province in 2005. The announcement was met with anger and frustration by the Khutsong Demarcation Forum and the community whose expectations were that the incorporation will not go ahead given the reasons they put forth when they met the government officials in the meetings after the demarcation board had proposed it. Violence was the only option for the community to show that their talks with government officials failed and that they are seriously opposed to the incorporation. That led to a protracted violence in Khutsong until 2009 when the Cross-Boundary Municipalities Laws Repeal and Related Matters Amendment Act of 2009 act was passed to reincorporate the Merafong Municipality back into Gauteng.
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Sehume, Kgomotso Lovey. "Childhood immunization in Mmakaunyane village in the North West Province of South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/802.

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Thesis (M Med (Paediatrics and Child Health)-- University of Limpopo, 2011.<br>ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Immunization is one of the most cost effective preventative health care interventions that is available to communities; it has greatly reduced the burden of infectious diseases in childhood. Since the W orId Health Organization launched the expanded programme of immunization in 1974, routine childhood immunization is widely available and it forms an integral part of preventative healthcare. Unfortunately, many children lack access to this life saving health care intervention. Communities in poor, rural areas often lack access to basic services, including health care and immunization services. We studied immunization coverage in a poor, rural community in South Africa and further explored what factors put children in this community at risk for under-immunization. METHOD: This was a cross sectional study, in which the immunization status of children from birth to six years of age living in Mmakaunyane was assessed. The primary caregivers of these children were also interviewed to determine their knowledge, attitudes and their practices with regards to immunizations; they were further asked about their perception of healthcare service delivery in the village. Using a map of the village, it was divided it into 30 blocks with 4 clusters in each block. Field workers were looking for a maximum of 5 eligible children in each cluster. We used the Road to Health Card to check if immunization was complete for age according to the SA EPI. RESUL TS: There were 567 children enrolled in the study. The majority of the children were above 18 months of age (64.4%) We found that 92.1 % of children were in possession of a RHC. In total, 432 (76.2%) of the children were fully immunized for their age, 97 (17.1%) had incomplete immunizations and immunization status was unknown for 38 (6.7%). The primary caregiver for most of the children was the biological mother (85.5%). There was a low level of education amongst the primary caregivers with only 15.3% having completed matric or attained higher level of education. Caregiver knowledge of immunization was poor and only 21.1 % of caregivers correctly mentioned three diseases that can be prevented by immunization. The majority of the caregivers (96.0%) believed that immunizations help to keep children healthy. Approximately half (49.9%), of the caregivers perceived immunization service delivery in Mmakaunyane village to be good. Factors that were found to be associated with incomplete immunization included age of caregiver, gender of the child and knowledge of the caregiver on immunization. CONCLUSION: Only 76.2% of children were fully immunized for their age in Mmakaunyane village. This immunization coverage rate is less than the National target of 90% for all children aged one year. The proportion of children under one year of age that are fully immunized is higher than that of the whole group. This indicates that the older children have a lesser level of immunization coverage (>18 months: 74.2%). The major factors that were found to be associated with under-immunization include lack of knowledge about immunizations, older age of the caregiver as well as poor accessibility of health care services. Female children were also found to be at increased risk for under-immunization. Measures to improve immunization coverage in this community need to take all these factors into consideration
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Yang, Jin. "Exploration geochemical mapping in the north-eastern sector of the Morokweng impact structure, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8373_1189147095.

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<p>The Morokweng impact structure which is located in the North West province of South Africa, has attracted attention as a potential host for Ni-PGE mineralization. Geochemical exploration techniques using hydroxylamine partial extraction were used to determine the nature and source of surface geochemical anomalies known to occur in the overlying aeolian sang regolith. About 40 aeolian samples were taken from an area of about 35 square kilometer, located in the north eastern sector of the Morokweng impact structure. The samples were sieved to various grain size fractions and partially extracted using varying concentration of hydroxylamine hydrochloride at 50&deg<br>C.</p>
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Roux, Susanna Magrieta. "Diary cards: Preliminary evaluation of an intervention tool for improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy and TB preventive therapy in people living with HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_9725_1177916709.

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Adherence to prescribed medications is a central feature of good clinical HIV care and a key factor in determining the effectiveness of treatment. This is especially true for HIV-infected patients, on antiretroviral treatment, where adherence is strongly associated with survival. HIV-associated tuberculosis is a major and increasing health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Clinical trials have demonstrated a benefit of isoniazid preventive therapy in preventing TB among HIV-infected persons, and its use among these patients is recommended. Nearly perfect compliance seems to be indispensable to obtain the maximum benefit from highly active antiretroviral treatment and prophylactic medications. Accurately assessing non-adherence is a necessary first step towards improving adherence to active antiretroviral treatment and isoniazid preventive therapy. The introduction of diary cards is being considered as a measure of adherence and as a tool to improve adherence among HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral treatment or isoniazid preventive therapy. This was a preliminary study to evaluate the effectiveness of diary cards as intervention tool for promoting adherence to antiretroviral and prophylactic TB therapy in people living with HIV/AIDS, to evaluate the diary card as a tool to measure adherence and to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of diary cards.
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Books on the topic "Architecture – South Africa – North-West"

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North-West (South Africa). Department of Agriculture, Conservation, Environment, and Tourism. Strategic plan, April 2005-March 2010. Dept. of Agriculture, Conservation, Environment & Tourism, 2005.

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Best, Brooke V. Celebrating 150 years, architectural history of West Seattle's north end: Harbor Avenue, Alki, and South Alki. Brooke V. Best, 2003.

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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act respecting the members of the North-West Mounted Police Force on active service in South Africa. S.E. Dawson, 2003.

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Flack, Peter H. Tales of a trophy hunter in Africa: Hunting stories from the African continent : East to West and North to South. Safari Press, 2003.

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A selection of parish churches in and around Cranborne Chase, Nadder Valley and the Blackmore Vale: North Dorset, East Somerset and South-West Wiltshire. Richmond Hill Press, 2004.

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Office, Connecticut State Historic Preservation. Historic and architectural resource survey of the town of West Hartford: Phase One, Central West Hartford, North and South Main street, West Hartford Center, eighteenth century houses, outdoor sculpture, Boulveward-Raymond Road study report. Noah Webster House and Museum of West Hartford History, 2003.

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International Tourism Conference on Urban and Regional Tourism (1st 1996 Potchefstroom, South Africa). Papers presented at the First International Tourism Conference on Urban and Regional Tourism: Balancing the economy and the ecology : Potchefstroom, North West Province, South Africa, 10-12 January 1996. Leisure Consultants and Publications], 1996.

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A, Balona Luis, Henrichs Huib F, and Medupe Rodney, eds. International Conference on Magnetic Fields in O, B and A Stars: Origin and connection to pulsation, rotation and mass loss : proceedings of a conference held at University of North-West, Mmabatho, South Africa, 27 November - 1 December, 2002. Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2003.

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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to provide for the expenses of the Canadian volunteers serving Her Majesty in South Africa. S.E. Dawson, 2003.

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Witt, Mary Ann Frese. The humanities: Cultural roots and continuities. 5th ed. Houghton Mifflin, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Architecture – South Africa – North-West"

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Ghosh, Jayati. "Perspectives from Labor Studies in South Asia." In Labor and Rainfed Agriculture in West Asia and North Africa. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0561-0_5.

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Schmuck, Claudine. "Catching Up: Middle East North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa and South-West Asia." In Women in STEM Disciplines. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41658-8_3.

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Galvin, Kathleen A., Philip K. Thornton, Randall B. Boone, and Linda M. Knapp. "North-West Province, South Africa: Communal and Commercial Livestock Systems in Transition." In Fragmentation in Semi-Arid and Arid Landscapes. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4906-4_12.

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Materechera, Ellen Kakhuta. "Sustainable Development Through the Lens of Partnerships for Inclusive Education in Africa: A Case Study from North West Province, South Africa." In Sustainable Development in Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74693-3_14.

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Villavicencio Calzadilla, Paola, Romain Mauger, and Anél Du Plessis. "Climate Change Communication in Higher Education Institutions: The Case of the North-West University in South Africa." In Climate Change Management. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70479-1_15.

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Durand, W. "Drought Adaptation Measures and Risk Tolerance of Commercial, Small-Scale and Subsistence Maize Farmers in the Free State and North West Province of South Africa." In Drought in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6636-5_8.

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Börjesson, Mikael, and Pablo Lillo Cea. "World Class Universities, Rankings and the Global Space of International Students." In Evaluating Education: Normative Systems and Institutional Practices. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7598-3_10.

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AbstractThe notion of World Class University suggests that this category of universities operates at a global and not national level. The rankings that have made this notion recognised are global in their scope, ranking universities on a worldwide scale and feed an audience from north to south, east to west. The very idea of ranking universities on such a scale, it is argued here, must be understood in relation to the increasing internationalisation and marketisation of higher education and the creation of a global market for higher education. More precisely, this contribution links the rankings of world class universities to the global space of international student flows. This space has three distinctive poles, a Pacific pole (with the US as the main country of destination and Asian countries as the most important suppliers of students), a Central European one (European countries of origin and destination) and a French/Iberian one (France and Spain as countries of destination with former colonies in Latin America and Africa as countries of origin). The three poles correspond to three different logics of recruitment: a market logic, a proximity logic and a colonial logic. It is argued that the Pacific/Market pole is the dominating pole in the space due to the high concentration of resources of different sorts, including economic, political, educational, scientific and not least, linguistic assets. This dominance is further enhanced by the international ranking. US universities dominate these to a degree that World Class Universities has become synonymous with the American research university. However, the competition has sharpened. And national actors such as China and India are investing heavily to challenge the American dominance. Also France and Germany, who are the dominant players at the dominated poles in the space, have launched initiative to ameliorate their position. In addition, we also witness a growing critique of the global rankings. One of the stakes is the value of national systems of higher education and the very definition of higher education.
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Szmolka, Inmaculada. "Successful and failed transitions to democracy." In Political Change in the Middle East and North Africa. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474415286.003.0016.

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This chapter studies the democratic transitions following the fall of the authoritarian rulers in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen. The chapter shows that the only successful democratisation occurred in Tunisia thanks to agreements between political actors, concessions from a dominant party and a strong and participative civil society. On the contrary, despite the Egyptian transition taking place in a similar scenario of polarisation between Islamist and secular parties as in Tunisia, Egyptian transition failed because of a lack of agreement between political forces, an exclusionary process led by the Islamists, and the interference of the army in political affairs. Democratic transition also failed in Libya, due to the lack of prior institutional architecture and of experience of party participation and political groups. Finally, the model of democratic transition that was carried out in Yemen was favourable to the achievement of democracy. It sought a broad social and political consensus for the new state before holding elections and approving a constitution, and had the involvement of the international community in the design and implementation of the transitional road map. However, empowerment of old regime elites in the transition process, the exclusion of revolutionary movements, the lack of consensus to satisfy the demands of the independence movement in the south, and antagonism between political forces and their regional backers have doomed the democratic transition to failure.
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Schneider, Marius, and Vanessa Ferguson. "South Africa." In Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0049.

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The Republic of South Africa, known as South Africa, occupies the most southern tip of Africa with a coastline stretching from the border of Namibia on the Atlantic Ocean (south-west coast) of Africa, down to the tip of Africa and then north along the south-east coast to the border of Mozambique on the Indian Ocean. South Africa is bordered by Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Eswatini (formerly Swaziland), and Mozambique and surrounds the small landlocked Kingdom of Lesotho in the east-central region of South Africa. The total area of South Africa is approximately 1.22 million square kilometres (km), with a population of an estimated 58.78 million (2019). The country is divided into nine provinces, Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, Free State, Kwa-Zulu Natal, Northwest, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and Limpopo. Gauteng Province is the most densely populated province with approximately 809.6 people per square kilometre, Kwa-Zulu Natal being the second most densely populated at 120.7 people per square kilometre, with Western and Eastern Cape following substantially behind at 59.1 and 51.1 people per kilometres respectively. There are three capitals in South Africa: Pretoria in the Gauteng province (administrative), Cape Town in the Western Cape (Legislative), and Bloemfontein in the Free State (Judicial). The
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"Changing Institutions to Respond to Challenges: North West Parks, South Africa." In Evolution and Innovation in Wildlife Conservation. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781849771283-29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Architecture – South Africa – North-West"

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Mahrour, Illili. "To inhabit the twelve i𝛾amawen of Taguelzi: fortified dwellings as alive ruins in the Gourara (Algerian Sahara)". У FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11329.

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In the southwest of the Algerian Sahara, Taguelzi is one of the fortified settlement oases forming the network of the Gourara defensive structures situated on the southern edge of the Ouled Aïssa Hmada. It is a large and long flat limestone area, which borders, from north to south, the west side of the Timimoun sebkha. Despite its position on the periphery of Charouine, one of the Gourara sub-region main human settlement, Taguelzi is exactly situated at the crossroads of ancient caravan routes linking sub-Saharan Africa to the Atlantic shores and the Mediterranean world through both the Messaoura wadi and the shortcut to Figuig in Morocco, across the Great Western Erg. Taguelzi strategic position, on the southern cornice of the Ouled Aïssa hamada facing the north of Moulay Mohemmed Erg, an arm of the Great Western Erg, allows to reach the Aougrout, the main sub region of the Gourara, through the Deldoul sub region in few hours, and eventually from there to get to the Gourara main cities. By using a space anthropological approach based on spatiality vocabulary, we have tried to understand this Saharan settlement formed by twelve distinct defensive inhabited structures and why some of them are considered as “dead ruins” and others as still “alive ruins”. Taguelzi twelve fortified inhabited structures reported through “the spatiality living word” reveals the living space organization complexity at the territory scale and may explain the morphogenesis of those defensive structures which gave birth to troglodyte habitat, to stone defensive towers and double walled fortifications with gardens, wells, water system irrigation and wide-open cemeteries. Today, despite unsuccessful state rehabilitation projects and the fortifications advanced state of ruins after the 2008 devastating floods, the inhabitants still clearly identify and refer to them as the twelve “i𝛾amawen of Taguelzi”.
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Kadama, F. R. K. "Domestic waste management practice in the North West province of South Africa." In SUSTAINABLE CITY 2014. WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sc141112.

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Tekana, S. S., and O. I. Oladele. "Factors affecting women s empowerment on irrigation schemes in the North West Province, South Africa." In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2014. WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si140221.

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Prevosto, Marc, Kevin Ewans, George Z. Forristall, and Michel Olagnon. "Swell Genesis, Modelling and Measurements in West Africa." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11201.

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Swell events show a large variety of configurations when they arrive at sites off West Africa after generation and propagation of waves across the Atlantic Ocean. Within the West Africa Swell Project (WASP JIP), these different configurations have been described and discussed and the ability of numerical models to reproduce faithfully their properties has been assessed from comparisons with in-situ measurements. During the austral winter months, swells approach West African coast from the south to south-westerly direction. These swells are generated by storms in the South Atlantic mainly between 40°S and 60°S. But during austral summer, north-westerly swells are also observed coming from North Atlantic. Typical situations of superposition of these different swells are illustrated in the paper. In spite of a poor overlapping between numerical and in-situ measurements databases at the time of the WASP project, and of reduced durations of measurement campaigns, comparisons between in situ measurements and hindcast models permitted identification of the limitations of the different numerical models available. Three sites have been used for this study, one in the Gulf of Guinea with directional Waverider and Wavescan buoys, a second one off Namibia with a directional Waverider and one last instrumented with two wavestaffs off Cabinda (Angola). In addition, the existence of infra-gravity waves in shallow water measurements has been investigated.
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Kadama, F. R. Kizza. "A logistics framework to reduce the number of landfills in the North West province of South Africa." In Sustainability Today. WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/st110401.

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Kizza Kadama, F. R., and P. Serumaga-Zake. "Quantification of the domestic waste stream of the North West Province of South Africa for management purposes." In SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2009. WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp090852.

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Kgabi, N. A., J. J. Pienaar, and M. Kulmala. "Sources of atmospheric pollutants in the North West province of South Africa: a case of the Rustenburg municipality." In RAVAGE OF THE PLANET 2006. WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/rav060581.

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Balarane, A., and O. I. Oladele. "The impact of irrigation farming on livelihood strategies among smallholder farmers in the North West Province, South Africa." In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2014. WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si140201.

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Alvarez, Juan, Pierre Orsero, Valerie Quiniou-Ramus, et al. "Squall Response Based Design of Floating Units in West Africa." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49237.

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Squalls are one of the main issues for the design of West Africa floating units mooring systems. At the present time and due to the lack of more relevant information and models, squalls are represented by on site time series of time varying wind speed and relative heading. The first FPSO units were designed on the basis of a reduced Squall database. Nowadays, the number of squall records has been significantly increased and a response based analysis can be carried out. The present paper is focused on the Gulf of Guinea environment. The area has been divided into two zones: North (Nigeria…) and South (Congo, Angola…). This approach enabled us to deal with 90 Squall events for North zone and 115 Squall events for South zone. Two different mooring systems, with quite different natural periods, have been investigated in order to cover the range of already installed spread moored FPSO’s. For every Squall of the database, time domain and modal simulations have been carried out in order to obtain the maximum values of the axial tension in mooring lines and of the offset of a standard spread moored unit. Then a statistical procedure is applied a) to estimate 100-year return period values for these parameters and b) to assess overall trends besides the differences between results from both zones and both mooring systems. A comparative study has also been carried out to relate the 100-year return period extrapolations with the values derived from classical design procedures in order to evaluate the potential design margins for extreme responses. Finally, areas needing further investigation are identified.
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Liping, Xiong, Liu Yanli, and Shi Danni. "Research on the Tectonic Evolution of the North Africa from Morocco to Libya as the Controlling Factor on the petroleum basins’ Hydrocarbon Accumulation." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2566974-ms.

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ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the tectonic evolution of the North African petroleum basins as the controlling factors on the major basins’ formation, evolution and the hydrocarbon accumulation, analyzing the petroleum enrichment conditions and proposing hydrocarbon accumulation mode. The analysis concludes that the distribution of North Africa Basins is in regular east-west direction, clear depression associates with highland structure. The basins becomes gradually older from the west to the east, corresponding to the Western Paleozoic basin, the Middle part Paleozoic and Mesozoic superimposed basin and the Eastern Mesozoic-Cenozoic rift basin. Petroleum in the Middle-West basins is mainly controlled by western Hercynian tectonic movement with obvious NE – SW distribution character, while petroleum in the East basins controlled by the Alpine tectonic movement, showing NW-SE distribution. Experienced a number of north-south direction reversals, the Paleozoic basin developed in the South and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic superimposed basin overlaying the Paleozoic Basin located in the North. The basins have two different accumulation models, which are younger source rocks associated with the older reservoirs and the older source rocks with the younger reservoirs.
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Reports on the topic "Architecture – South Africa – North-West"

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Cobbing, J. The North West dolomite aquifers, South Africa: a stalled opportunity for water security and development. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2018.223.

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Mullick, Saiqa, Mantshi Menziwa, Nzwakie Mosery, Doctor Khoza, and Edwin Maroga. Feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness and cost of models of integrating HIV prevention and counseling and testing for HIV within family planning services in North West Province, South Africa. Population Council, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1214.

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