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Journal articles on the topic 'Architecture – South Africa – North-West'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Schellekens, Jona. "A Note on the Dutch Origins of South African Colonial Architecture." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 56, no. 2 (1997): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991284.

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The accepted view is that the eighteenth-century colonial architecture of South Africa has Dutch origins. Jan van der Meulen has challenged this view in this journal. Previous research has looked for the origins of the mostly rural South African colonial architecture in urban Dutch architecture, but, as van der Meulen has noted, with meager results. This note suggests that rural Dutch architecture may be a better field in which to look. Much of the argument presented here is based on a comparison between South African colonial gable design and that in the Zaanstreek, a rural-industrial area north of Amsterdam.

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2

Milosevic, Predrag. "Foundations of Byzantine late middle ages architecture thoughtfulness." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 2, no. 5 (2003): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace0305395m.

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Only in the recent few years have a number of facsimile publications on architecture offered a possibility of studying the original texts from different time periods. Those, already rare studies on the theory of architecture in the western civilization, almost regularly completely omit the Byzantine achievements in the so-called entirety of thoughtfulness (enkyklios paideia), that was a main characteristic of Byzantine learning. This learning, based on the ancient Greek and Hellenistic foundations, in many ways concern architecture, especially the architectural theory. That is why writing a good account of the architectural theory of this, historically such an important country as Byzantium, in such a long historical period (since 312 till 1453), has been a difficult task (this contribution is just the initial part of the study). One should not be disregarded that the architectural theories are never completely independent of historical geographical or even personal prejudices of their authors. In this sense, a subject matter of this treatise is just one 1141 year long part of the architectural theory of the West (West - in civilizational terms, not a political West), the part that rests on Christian foundations that is the Orthodox, Roman Catholic and Protestant ones, mainly. It is all treated in order, from ancient pagan Greece and Rome, ancient and Middle Ages Orthodox Byzantium, until Middle Ages and New Age Europe, altogether, Orthodox, Roman Catholic and Protestant Europe, and then those parts of the world in which the said civilizational circle managed to take root in: parts of Asia, North and South America, parts of Africa and Australia.

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Umezurike, Samuel Augustine, and Olusola Ogunnubi. "Counting the Cost? A Cautionary Analysis of South Africa's BRICS Membership." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 8, no. 5(J) (2016): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i5(j).1444.

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BRICS is a grouping of five major developing countries that includes Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, all with the ambition of changing the governance architecture of international political-economy but with claims to speedy industrialization, fast growing economies and relatively strong regional and global influence. South Africa joined BRICS at the invitation of China in 2010 and has shown commitment to the group through friendly relations with other member countries. The countryâ€™s extensive economic links with China and the other BRICS states underpinned its strategy of diversifying its external trade especially with regard to looking away from West. This article employs content analysis to reflect on South Africaâ€™s membership of BRICS, focusing specifically on the countryâ€™s relations with China. It argues that, while South Africaâ€™s economic indicators do not fit well with the BRICS grouping, China is promoting this relationship in order to counter the Westâ€™s neo-imperialism and neo-liberal rhetoric. South Africaâ€™s willingness to accept Chinese superiority in the African market and to act as a junior partner in the global power configuration makes the country the perfect choice for this project.

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Whelan, Debbie. "Snippets from the north: Architects in Durban and their response to identity, common culture and resistance in the 1930s." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 4, no. 1 (2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2019.11774.

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<p class="Abstracttext-VITRUVIOCxSpFirst">Previously colonized by both Holland and Britain, South Africans have always borrowed; many taking aesthetic clues from memories of ‘home’. Applied seemingly irrelevantly, these ‘clues’ often border on the pastiche. Pre and post Union in 1910, the British-controlled colonies of Natal and the Cape absorbed imported architectural influences which not only introduced an Arts and Crafts layer to Victorian Gothic and Classical revivals, but introduced vital new ideas, namely Art Deco and Modernism.</p><p class="Abstracttext-VITRUVIOCxSpFirst">Somehow this polemic embraced another revival: a melange of Tudor and Elizabethan focusing on detail, craftsmanship and nostalgia. The ‘Tudorbethan’ Revival occurred at a vital point in the inter-war era, and it is contended that this style demonstrated a calculated resistance to the hybrid ‘Union Period’ architecture and its political role in forging a common diasporic identity and culture in the 1930s, rather than a mere application of fashion.</p><p class="Abstracttext-VITRUVIOCxSpFirst">This paper situates the Tudorbethan Revival within contemporary architectural themes in Durban, South Africa, and contextualises the socio-political production of buildings between the wars before examining the works of architects who conceived this well-crafted, nostalgic and irrelevant architecture. It concludes by comparing this complex aesthetic with the contemporary architectural thread of ‘Gwelo’ Goodman’s Cape Dutch Revival suggesting the degree to which domestic architecture is able to support political positions in contested societies.</p>

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SMITH, GIDEON F., RONELL R. KLOPPER, NEIL R. CROUCH, and ESTRELA FIGUEIREDO. "Reinstatement of Aloe davyana (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a winter-flowering species endemic to central-northeastern South Africa." Phytotaxa 475, no. 3 (2020): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.475.3.4.

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Aloe davyana (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a winter-flowering aloe that is endemic to the north-central interior of South Africa, is reinstated at the rank of species based on plant size, clumping habit, leaf colour and ornamentation, inflorescence architecture, and several flower characters. In the past it was sometimes treated as A. greatheadii var. davyana.

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6

Smith, David, and James Crow. "The Hellenistic and Byzantine Defences of Tocra (Taucheira)." Libyan Studies 29 (1998): 35–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900006014.

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AbstractThe fortifications of the Hellenistic and Roman city of Tocra are over 2 km long (including the sea-wall) and comprise a curtain wall up to 2 m wide flanked by 31 rectangular towers. Three main structural phases were noted in the survey carried out in 1966 by David Smith: (1) Hellenistic walls of isodomic ashlar, (2) later Hellenistic work of isodomic ashlar with bevelled edges, associated with the indented trace along the south rampart, and (3) an extensive rebuild of plain ashlar blocks including the towers and reconstruction to the East and West Gates, dateable, on the basis of Procopius, to the reign of Justinian. The general significance of the fortifications at Tocra is considered in the second part: these include the Hellenistic indented trace along the south side, later reinforced by towers in the sixth century AD. Also of wider importance was the use of an outer wall or proteichisma, and the pentagonal, pointed towers at the two main gates. Both these elements were unusual in Byzantine North Africa and they are discussed as part of the more general repertory of Byzantine fortifications. The unusual tower adjacent to the West Church is considered in the context of literary accounts. The article concludes by considering how the architecture and magnitude of the fortifications can allow a reassessment of the wider role of the city in the sixth and seventh century defences of Cyrenaica.

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Brown, Gavin. "‘Burn it down!’: Materialising intersectional solidarities in the architecture of the South African Embassy during the London Poll Tax Riot, March 1990." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 2 (2019): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654419857183.

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This paper offers a new way of conceptualising how intersectional solidarities are actualised. It recounts and theorises an outbreak of radical internationalism, when working class struggles in Britain and South Africa were unexpectedly linked. It examines how intersectional solidarity was materialised through a process of coming together against the architectural fabric of the South African Embassy and considers the interwoven temporalities that enabled this action to occur. On 31 March 1990, nearly a quarter of a million people demonstrated in London against the Poll Tax that was due to take effect in England and Wales the following day. On the day, the Metropolitan Police lost control of an already enraged crowd and provoked a large scale riot that engulfed the West End of London for several hours. In the midst of the riot, during a short retreat by the police, protesters took the opportunity to attack the South African Embassy in Trafalgar Square – many windows were broken and an attempt was made to set the building alight. Drawing on interviews with former anti-apartheid protesters who were present on that day (and who had concluded a four-year long Non-Stop Picket of the embassy a month earlier), this paper explores and analyses their memories of that unexpected moment when their previously symbolic call to ‘burn it down’ was (almost) materialised. In doing so, it contributes new ways of conceptualising the spatiality and temporality of intersectional solidarity.

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Wickens, H. de V., and D. I. Cole. "Lithostratigraphy of the Skoorsteenberg Formation (Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 120, no. 3 (2017): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/gssajg.120.3.433.

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Abstract The Middle Permian Skoorsteenberg Formation is part of the Ecca Group (Karoo Supergroup) of South Africa. It is also known as the ‘Tanqua fan complex’ due to its origin as a deep-water sedimentation unit associated with a prograding deltaic system. The Skoorsteenberg Formation crops out over approximately 650 km2 along the western margin of the Main Karoo Basin. It thins out in a northerly and easterly direction and therefore has a limited extent with cut-off boundaries to the south and north. It is underlain by the Tierberg Formation and overlain by the Kookfontein Formation, the latter being limited to the regional distribution of the Skoorsteenberg Formation. The Skoorsteenberg Formation has a composite thickness of 400 m and comprises five individual sandstone packages, separated by shale units of similar thickness. The sandstones are very fine- to fine-grained, light greyish to bluish grey when fresh, poorly sorted and lack primary porosity and permeability. The Tanqua fan complex is regarded as one of the world’s best examples of an ancient basin floor to slope fan complex associated with a fluvially dominated deltaic system. It has served as analogue for many deep-water systems around the world and continues to be a most sought after “open-air laboratory” for studying the nature of fine-grained, deep-water sedimentation. The fan systems are essentially tectonically undeformed, outstandingly well exposed and contain an inexhaustible amount of information on the deep-water architecture of lower slope to basin floor turbidite deposits.

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Miles, Malcolm. "PARTICIPATION: HOUSING AND URBAN VIABILITY." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 37, no. 3 (2013): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2013.832483.

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In the global North, housing tends to be seen as a sub-sector of the construction industry. In the global South, in contrast, it might be considered more as a verb – housing as the activity of meeting basic needs for shelter. As such, this process is frequently undertaken by users themselves, in the informal settlements which surround most cities. While these settlements were once regarded as a threat to the urban order (or urbanization), today there is increasing recognition that self-build and self-managed housing meets the needs of urban development in ways which are usually more sustainable as well as lower-cost than standard housing schemes (whether in the public or the private sector). This paper begins from the question as to how far the lessons of informal settlements in the South can be applied in the North. It looks at the status of informal settlements in the new South Africa, and at two schemes in the UK: the Coin Street development in London, managed by tenants; and Ashley Vale self-build housing in Bristol, in southwest England. These are not seen as exemplary but simply two cases which can be compared and contrasted in the terrain of new approaches to building cities for the future.

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Price, Christine. "Decolonising a landscape architecture studio: Spatial modelling of student narratives." Multimodality & Society 1, no. 1 (2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2634979521992737.

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This paper problematises the dominance of global north perspectives in landscape architectural education, in South Africa where there are urgent calls to decolonise education and make visible indigenous and vernacular meaning-making practices. In grappling with these concerns, this research finds resonance with a multimodal social semiotic approach that acknowledges the interest, agency and resourcefulness of students as meaning-makers in both accessing and challenging dominant educational discourses. This research involves a case study of a design project in a first-year landscape architectural studio. The project requires students to choose a narrative and to represent it as a spatial model: a scaled, 3D maquette of a spatial experience that could be installed in a public park. This practitioner reflection closely analyses the spatial model of one student, Malibongwe, focusing on his interest in meaning-making; the innovative meaning-making practices and diverse resources he draws on; and his expression of spatial signifiers of the Black experiences portrayed in his narrative. This reflection shows how Malibongwe’s narrative is not only reproduced in the spatial model, it is remade: the transformation of resources into three-dimensional spatial form results in new understandings and the production of new meanings.

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Gregory, James J., and Jayne M. ROGERSON Rogerson. "Studentification and commodification of student lifestyle in Braamfontein, Johannesburg." Urbani izziv Supplement, no. 30 (2019): 178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-supplement-012.

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The process of studentification has emerged as a new form of neighbourhood change in the global North over the past 16 years and often situated within broader debates on gentrification. The growth of private student housing across cities globally has been linked to the increased neoliberalisation and massification of higher education and the lack of universities to keep up with the supply of student housing. Limited scholarship, however, exists on studentification in the global South. Notwithstanding that, in South Africa there has been growing recognition of the impact of studentification on urban environments. Despite some recognition in smaller cities, studentification has been neglected in large urban contexts. Using interviews with key informants and focus groups with students, this paper explores the impact of studentification in the urban neighbourhood of Braamfontein in Johannesburg. Over the past decade and a half there has been evidence of the concentration of student geographies and the commodification of student lifestyle in Braamfontein, Johannesburg.

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Anhaeusser, C. R. "The geology and tectonic evolution of the northwest part of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: A review." South African Journal of Geology 122, no. 4 (2019): 421–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.122.0033.

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AbstractFormations on the northwestern flank of the Barberton Greenstone Belt have hosted over 85% of all the gold recovered from the ca. 3550 to 3000 Ma Barberton Supergroup since early discoveries in 1872. This sector of the greenstone belt also happens to coincide with a complex tectonic architecture resulting from successive stages of folding and faulting superimposed onto a complex lithostratigraphy. Of particular importance has been the influence of two diapiric granitoid intrusions that caused added structural complexity following their emplacement ca. 3227 to 3250 Ma. Of these the larger Kaap Valley Pluton invaded the area north of present day Barberton town causing the separation of the greenstones into a northern arm (Jamestown Schist Belt) and a southern sector which remained attached to the main greenstone belt (Moodies Hills). The ballooning pluton produced vertical as well as horizontal flattening stresses, the latter reactivating earlier high-angle faults and resulting in subhorizontal strike-slip movements, particularly along the Barbrook Fault Zone, which acted as a right-lateral strike-slip fault. Formations north of this fault were buckled, following progressive deformation in the region known as the Sheba Hills, into major synclinal folds (Eureka and Ulundi Synclines) with folded axial planes that dip steeply to the south, southeast or east. The second granitoid intrusion (Stentor Pluton), which has been extensively modified by subsequent magmatic events, caused significant flattening of greenstone belt rocks in the northeastern part of the Barberton Greenstone Belt (Three Sisters region) as well as in other areas rimming the granitic body. Combined, the two plutons produced a wide range of interference and reactivated structures particularly affecting a triangular region extending from the Jamestown Schist Belt into the area occupied by the New Consort Gold Mine and areas to the east. This paper attempts to outline, in the simplest manner, the geological and structural evolution of the main gold-producing region of the Barberton Goldfield. The principal aim is therefore to highlight the structural influence of the diapiric plutonism and the manner in which the plutons contributed significantly to the horizontal reactivation of pre-existing regional faults, which in turn, resulted in the progressive deformation of a heterogeneous lithological terrane.

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Kwet, Michael. "Digital colonialism: US empire and the new imperialism in the Global South." Race & Class 60, no. 4 (2019): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396818823172.

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This article proposes a conceptual framework of how the United States is reinventing colonialism in the Global South through the domination of digital technology. Using South Africa as a case study, it argues that US multinationals exercise imperial control at the architecture level of the digital ecosystem: software, hardware and network connectivity, which then gives rise to related forms of domination. The monopoly power of multinational corporations is used for resource extraction through rent and surveillance – economic domination. By controlling the digital ecosystem, Big Tech corporations control computer-mediated experiences, giving them direct power over political, economic and cultural domains of life – imperial control. The centrepiece of surveillance capitalism, Big Data, violates the sanctity of privacy and concentrates economic power in the hands of US corporations – a system of global surveillance capitalism. As a feature of surveillance capitalism, Global North intelligence agencies partner with their own corporations to conduct mass and targeted surveillance in the Global South – which intensifies imperial state surveillance. US elites have persuaded people that society must proceed according to its ruling class conceptions of the digital world, setting the foundation for tech hegemony. The author argues for a different ecosystem that decentralises technology by placing control directly into the hands of the people to counter the rapidly advancing frontier of digital empire.

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Morley, Louise, and Alison Croft. "Agency and Advocacy: Disabled Students in Higher Education in Ghana and Tanzania." Research in Comparative and International Education 6, no. 4 (2011): 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2011.6.4.383.

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Between 10% and 15% of the world's population are thought to be disabled. The 2006 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is an example of emerging global policy architecture for human rights for disabled people. Article 24 states that disabled people should receive the support required to facilitate their effective education. In research, links between higher education access, equalities and disability are being explored by scholars of the sociology of higher education. However, with the exception of some small-scale studies from Zimbabwe, South Africa, Rwanda, Namibia, Uganda and Pakistan, literature tends to come from the global North. Yet there is a toxic correlation between disability and poverty – especially in the global South. This article is based on a review of the global literature on disability in higher education and interview findings from the project ‘Widening Participation in Higher Education in Ghana and Tanzania: developing an Equity Scorecard’, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and the Department for International Development. A central finding was that while disability was associated with constraints, misrecognition, frustration, exclusion and even danger, students' agency, advocacy and achievement in higher education offered opportunities for transforming spoiled identities.

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de Santana dos Anjos Zerfass, Geise, Dmitry A. Ruban, Farid Chemale Jr., and Henrique Zerfass. "Cenozoic synthem stratigraphic architecture of the SE Brazilian shelf and its global eustatic context: evidence from the Pelotas Basin (offshore Brazil)." Geologos 19, no. 4 (2013): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logos-2013-0018.

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Abstract The Pelotas Basin, located on the SE Brazilian shelf, has evolved since the Aptian. Stratigraphical data from the basin can be used for delineation of the unconformity-bounded units (synthems) on the shelf, which is a first step towards a full understanding of its stratigraphic architecture, evolution, and hydrocarbon potential. Hiatuses in the Cenozoic succession of the Pelotas Basin are established with both biostratigraphic (planktonic foraminifers and calcareous nannofossils) and isotopic (87Sr/86Sr) data. The seven recognised hiatuses are dated respectively as (1) Palaeocene (Danian- Thanetian), (2) Palaeocene/Eocene boundary (Thanetian-Ypresian), (3) Eocene (Ypresian-Lutetian), (4) Eocene-Oligocene (Lutetian-Rupelian), (5) early-late Oligocene (Rupelian-Chattian), (6) early Miocene (Aquitanian-Burdigalian), and (7) middle-late Miocene (Serravallian-Tortonian). These intervals between the hiatuses are correlated with those of the Santos and Campos Basins north from the Pelotas Basin. The breaks in sedimentation that these basins have in common occurred (1) at the Palaeocene-Eocene and (2) Eocene-Oligocene transitions, (3) in the early Miocene, and (4) in the middle-late Miocene. These main unconformities outline five synthems on the SE Brazilian shelf, viz. the SEBS-1 (Palaeocene), SEBS-2 (Eocene), SEBS-3 (Oligocene), SEBS-4 (early-middle Miocene) and SEBS-5 (late Miocene-Holocene). The above unconformities are correlated with those established in the Cenozoic sedimentary successions of different regions such as Western Siberia, Arabia, NW and NE Africa, peninsular India, S Australia, the Gulf of Mexico, NW Europe, and South Africa. The only regional unconformity, near the Oligocene/Miocene boundary, coincides with the nearly-global sedimentation break. The latter was resulted from a climatic event, i.e., the ‘Mi-1 glaciation’. Thus, a eustatic origin is supposed for this regional unconformity. The other regional unconformities also correspond to global sea-level falls (probably with an exception for the Palaeocene/Eocene surface), which suggests that global eustatic movements controlled the development of the regional synthem architecture.

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Maxwell, David. "Photography and the Religious Encounter: Ambiguity and Aesthetics in Missionary Representations of the Luba of South East Belgian Congo." Comparative Studies in Society and History 53, no. 1 (2011): 38–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417510000629.

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William F. P. Burton's career straddled several worlds that seemed at odds with each other. As a first-generation Pentecostal he pioneered, with James Salter, the Congo Evangelistic Mission (CEM) at Mwanza, Belgian Congo in 1915. The CEM became a paradigm for future Pentecostal Faith Mission work in Africa, thanks to Burton's propagandist writings that were published in at least thirty European and North American missionary periodicals. His extensive publications, some twenty-eight books, excluding tracts and articles in mission journals, reveal that the CEM was a missionary movement animated by a relentless proselytism, divine healing, exorcism, and the destruction of so-called “fetishes.” The CEM's Christocentric message required the new believer to make a public confession of sin and reject practices relating to ancestor religion, possession cults, divination, and witchcraft. It was a deeply iconoclastic form of Protestantism that maintained a strong distinction between an “advanced” Christian religion, mediated by the Bible, and an idolatrous primitive pagan religion. Burton's Pentecostalism had many of its own primitive urges, harkening back to an age where miraculous signs and wonders were the stuff of daily life, dreams and visions constituted normative authority, and the Bible was immune to higher criticism. But his vision also embraced social modernization and he preached the virtues of schooling and western styles of clothing, architecture, and agriculture. It was this combination of primitive and pragmatic tendencies that shaped the CEM's tense relations with the Belgian colonial state.

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Chapman, Michael. "South/South, South/North Conversations: South Africa, India, the West." Comparatist 26, no. 1 (2002): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/com.2002.0024.

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Chapman, Michael. "South/South, South/North conversations: South Africa, India, The West." Current Writing 15, no. 2 (2003): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1013929x.2003.9678156.

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Fasel, Kais Muhammed, Abdul Salam K. Darwish, Peter Farrell, and Hussein Kazem. "An Overview of Wind Resource Assessments With Special Reference to The Emirate of Ajman, UAE." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 6 (2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2021033.

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The continuous increase in clean energy demand and reduced CO2 emissions in the UAE and specifically the Emirate of Ajman has put an extreme challenge to the Government. Ajman is one of the seven emirates constituting the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Ajman is located along the Arabian Gulf on its West and bordered by the Emirate of Sharjah on its North, South, and East. The government is taking huge steps in including sustainability principles and clean energy in all of its developments. Successful implementation of green architecture law decree No 10 of 2018 effectively is a sign of such an initiative. Renewable energy sources in this country have had two folds of interest in solar and wind. Recent research works supported the feasibility of using wind energy as an alternative clean source of energy. Site-specific and accurate wind speed information is the first step in the process of bankable wind potential and wind Atlas. This study has compared how wind speed and its distribution varies for similar offshore and onshore locations between two different mesoscale data sources. Also, discussed the main environmental characteristics of Ajman that would influence the implementation of a major wind energy project. In addition, the study made a brief critical overview of the major studies undertaken in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region on wind resource assessment. Finally, based on the results, the study makes conclusions, recommendations and a way forward for a bankable wind resources assessment in the Emirate of Ajman. This paper would alert the wind energy industry about the consequence of not considering the best error corrected site specific suitable wind resource data along with other environmental characteristics. The study results show that for offshore, there is 2.9 m/s and for Onshore 4.9 m/s variations in wind speed at the same location between ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA-5) and NASA Satellite data. Hence It is concluded that error corrected site-specific wind resource assessment is mandatory for assessing the available bankable wind potential since there are considerable variations in wind speed distributions between mesoscale data sets for similar locations. The study also identifies that the Emirate of Ajman has limited space for onshore wind farms; hence the offshore site seems to have good potential that can be utilised for energy generation. However, individual wind turbines can be installed for exploiting the available site-specific onshore wind energy. Finally, the study recommends a way forward for a comprehensive wind resource assessment to help the Emirate of Ajman form a sustainable wind power generation policy.

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Variava, E. "Profile: HIV in North West province, South Africa." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 7, no. 2 (2006): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v7i2.606.

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S. Kamarozaman, A., N. Ahmat1, A. L. Muhammad Low, et al. "Isolation of Dihydrostilbenes from Macaranga Heynei and their Bioactivities." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.14 (2019): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27513.

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Macaranga is known to contain abundant sources of prenylated flavonoids and stilbenoids which possessed broad spectrum of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity. These species are widely distributed in New Guinea, Borneo and from West Africa to the south Pacific islands. Although Macaranga comprises a large number of species, this genus has not been widely investigated which prompted us to conduct a study on Macaranga heynei. This research is conducted to isolate and characterise the compounds from M. heynei as well as to access the antibacterial and cytotoxicity of the isolates. The purification from the leaves of M. heynei has successfully yielded three dihydrostilbenes which were analysed by means of NMR, UV-Vis, FTIR, MS and comparison with the literature data. These compounds were characterised as laevifolins A (1) and B (2) as well as macarubiginosin C (3). Laevifolin A (1) exhibited good activity against S.cohnii subsp. urealyticum and moderate activity against S.aureus ATCC 25923 with the IC50 values of 11.65 and 27.13 M respectively. It also displayed pronounced inhibition against HT-29 cells with an IC50 value of 21.20 M. Meanwhile, laevifolin B (2) displayed moderate activity on S.cohnii subsp. urealyticum but strong inhibition against S.aureus ATCC 25923 with the IC50 values of 20.71 and 1.64 M respectively.

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Saka, Abdullahi Babatunde, and Daniel W. M. Chan. "A global taxonomic review and analysis of the development of BIM research between 2006 and 2017." Construction Innovation 19, no. 3 (2019): 465–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-12-2018-0097.

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Purpose This paper aims to review the status of development of building information modelling (BIM), its trends and themes across the six continents of the world. Design/methodology/approach A total of 914 journal articles sought from the search engine of Web of Science (WOS) based on the country/region option of the WOS to group them into continents. A best-fit approach was then applied in selecting the suitable software programmes for the scientometric analysis and comparisons and deductions were made. Findings The findings revealed that there are differences in the development of BIM across the six continents of the world. South America and Africa are lagging in the BIM research and Australia and Asia are growing, whilst Europe and North America are ahead. In addition, there exist differences in the research themes and trends in these continents as against the single view presented in extant studies. Originality/value This study introduced a new approach to carry out a comparative and taxonomic review and has provided both academic researchers and industrial practitioners with a clear status of development of BIM research and the trend across the six continents of the world.

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Nelson, G., A. J. Boyd, J. J. Agenbag, and C. M. Duncombe Rae. "An upwelling filament north-west of Cape Town, South Africa." South African Journal of Marine Science 19, no. 1 (1998): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/025776198784126953.

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ALDASORO, J. "The genusPyrusL. (Rosaceae) in south-west Europe and North Africa." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 121, no. 2 (1996): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bojl.1996.0028.

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Simon-Blecher, N., Z. Granevitze, and Y. Achituv. "Balanus glandula: from North-West America to the west coast of South Africa." African Journal of Marine Science 30, no. 1 (2008): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/ajms.2008.30.1.8.458.

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Stephens Balakrishnan, Melodena, and Ian Michael. "Abraaj Capital Limited: Celebration of Entrepreneurship (CoE)." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, no. 4 (2011): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111190836.

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TitleAbraaj Capital Limited: Celebration of Entrepreneurship (CoE).Subject areaStrategic stakeholder engagement, entrepreneurialism, ecosystem, corporate social responsibility, event management, branding, marketing strategy.Study level/applicabilityPost‐graduate level, practitioners interested in MENSA Region, entrepreneurship policy makers and NGOs.Case overviewAbraaj Capital Ltd (Abraaj), a highly reputed private equity investment and management company, strongly believed in corporate social responsibility, strategic stakeholder engagement and entrepreneurship ecosystem development. In November, 2010, Abraaj held the “Celebration of Entrepreneurship” (CoE) a two‐day free entrepreneur event, in Dubai. CoE was attended by more than 2,400 participants. The purpose of CoE was to contribute to building an entrepreneurship ecosystem in the Middle East North Africa South Asia region (MENASA). Based on participant feedback, CoE Outcomes and stakeholder feedback, the event was very successful.This case is a good example of community engagement and showcases entrepreneurship ecosystem development. This case also highlights the challenges of putting together a signature event in a very short time frame. The future management dilemmas are also raised on various issues like whether to make this successful event a regular part of their organizational activities, and issues concerning the funding of such events. This case can be used to teach event management, branding, marketing strategy, CSR and entrepreneurship (from the ecosystem point of view). It will appeal to both educationalists and practitioners interested in the MENASA region, policy makers who facilitate entrepreneurship, CSR managers, event management companies and marketing specialist. It can be used to teach both undergraduate and postgraduate courses.Expected learning outcomesStrategy students can focus on marketing and branding strategies; like stakeholder engagement, internal marketing, social media, positioning and brand architecture. Student of event management can learn about prioritizing, adaptability, funding and the complexity of layering a program.Supplementary materialsTeaching notes, videos.

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Francis, Elizabeth. "Rural Livelihoods, Institutions and Vulnerability in North West Province, South Africa." Journal of Southern African Studies 28, no. 3 (2002): 531–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305707022000006503.

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Serumaga-Zake, Philip AE, and Willem Naudé. "Labour market discrimination in the North West province of South Africa." Development Southern Africa 18, no. 5 (2001): 671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768350120097496.

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McKee, Jeffrey K., Acacia von Mayer, and Kevin L. Kuykendall. "New species of Cercopithecoides from Haasgat, North West Province, South Africa." Journal of Human Evolution 60, no. 1 (2011): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.08.002.

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Wang, Meng Lin, and Jie Tan. "Four Orientation Gods of Ancient Chinese Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.61.

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East blue dragon, west white tiger, south phoenix and north tortoise were four orientation gods of ancient Chinese architecture. Four orientations derived from the astronomical phenomena about Big Dipper in the sky. Four gods were ancient totem symbols. Chinese ancients had the idea of “harmony between nature and man”. Many buildings were organic arranged and isomorphic with the sky. Buildings usually sit north and faced south, and their sides were toward to four directions named----east blue dragon, west white tiger, south red phoenix and north black tortoise. The applying of orientation gods to some extent caused the stylized mode in architecture.

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la Grange, M., K. Kellner, S. S. Cilliers, and A. R. Götze. "Vegetation classification of the proposed Heritage Park, North-West Province, South Africa." South African Journal of Botany 75, no. 2 (2009): 434–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2009.02.149.

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ALDASORO, J. J., C. AEDO, and F. MUÑOZ GARMENDIA. "The genus Pyrus L. (Rosaceae) in south-west Europe and North Africa." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 121, no. 2 (1996): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1996.tb00749.x.

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Cilliers, S. S., L. L. Schoeman, and G. J. Bredenkamp. "Wetland plant communities in the Potchefstroom Municipal Area, North-West, South Africa." Bothalia 28, no. 2 (1998): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v28i2.642.

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Wetlands in natural areas in South Africa have been described before, but no literature exists concerning the phytosociology of urban wetlands. The objective of this study was to conduct a complete vegetation analysis of the wetlands in the Potchefstroom Municipal Area. Using a numerical classification technique (TWINSPAN) as a first approximation, the classification was refined by using Braun-Blanquet procedures. The result is a phytosociological table from which a number of unique plant communities are recognised. These urban wetlands are characterised by a high species diversity, which is unusual for wetlands. Reasons for the high species diversity could be the different types of disturbances occurring in this area. Results of this study can be used to construact more sensible management practises for these wetlands.

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Green, Louise, and Kylie Thomas. "A density of texture: reading photography from South, North and West Africa." Social Dynamics 40, no. 3 (2014): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533952.2014.992149.

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Cilliers, Sarel S., and George J. Bredenkamp. "Vegetation of inland endorheic pans in the North-West Province, South Africa." Phytocoenologia 33, no. 2-3 (2003): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0340-269x/2003/0033-0289.

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RICO, ENRIQUE, LUIS DELGADO, and ALBERTO HERRERO. "Reassessing theOdontites purpureusgroup (Orobanchaceae) from south-east Spain and north-west Africa." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 158, no. 4 (2008): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00892.x.

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Tseane-Gumbi, Lisebo Agnes, and Victor Ojakorotu. "Muddling Through Destination Marketing: Experiences from the North West Province, South Africa." April 2021, Volume 10(2) (April 30, 2021): 592–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-120.

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Globalization propagates the dominance of internationalization and the shortage of resources to strengthen competitive edges is apparent. The 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) in developing countries is still a wish rather than a reality, putting more strains on destinations located in developing countries and hampers destination marketing strategies. This paper examines the rationale for destinations’ confusion over their positioning status, using the North West Province as a reference point. The paper adopts a qualitative design which was sourced through reviews of destination marketing strategies, white paper tourism policy and provinces’ tourism websites. The reviews were further analyzed using content analysis. The results indicate that the province positions itself as a cultural and heritage destination and that cultural and heritage activities account for less than 5%. Also, the results indicate a mismatch of the province’s strong attributes and marketing positioning strategy. The paper concludes that the province would become the hub of destination marketing and huge patronage if it focuses on its strengths and main competitive edge, namely the social activities, shopping, eating out, nightlife, and natural attractions such as the sun, dunes, and platinum mines.

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Sopandi, Setiadi, Yoshiyuki Yamana, Johannes Widodo, and Shin Muramatsu. "Modern Architecture in Southeast Asia, an Introduction. Asia, North-South-West-East." Modern Southeast Asia, no. 57 (2017): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/57.a.475sor25.

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The Asian economy began to rebound in the early 2000s. Cities were, once again, expanding along with the population and industrialization. Architectural projects, after having halted for a few years, were coming back providing new opportunities for Asian practices. Sharing optimism as well as anxieties, Asian architects and scholars were looking forward to the future as well as once again taking a glimpse back at their recent architectural past, roughly from the late 19th century and throughout the 20th century. With this opportunity, they decided to take a moment to reflect on how Asian cities, landscapes, and their architectural heritage were shaped, altered, grown in the process of Asian societies embracing modernity.

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Davoren, E., S. S. Cilliers, and S. J. Siebert. "Plant diversity patterns of a settlement in the North-West Province, South Africa." South African Journal of Botany 75, no. 2 (2009): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2009.02.039.

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Davoren, E., S. S. Cilliers, and S. J. Siebert. "Plant diversity patterns of a settlement in the North-West Province, South Africa." South African Journal of Botany 76, no. 2 (2010): 392–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2010.02.015.

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Smith, Ian, and Henk Bouwman. "Levels of organochlorine pesticides in raptors from the North-West Province, South Africa." Ostrich 71, no. 1-2 (2000): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.2000.9639861.

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Speelman, S., A. Frija, S. Perret, M. D'haese, S. Farolfi, and L. D'haese. "Variability in smallholders' irrigation water values: Study in North-West Province, South Africa." Irrigation and Drainage 60, no. 1 (2011): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.539.

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Serumaga-Zake, Philip AE, and Willem A. Naudé. "Determinants of labour force participation in the North West province of South Africa." Development Southern Africa 20, no. 4 (2003): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0376835032000124501.

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Francis, Elizabeth. "Learning from the local: Rural livelihoods in ditsobotla, north west province, South Africa." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 17, no. 1 (1999): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589009908729638.

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Menong, J. M., L. K. Mabe, and O. I. Oladele. "Analysis of Extension Needs of Commercial Farmers in North-West Province, South Africa." Journal of Human Ecology 44, no. 2 (2013): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2013.11906652.

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Kamsteeg, F. H. "Transformation as social drama: Stories about merging at North West University, South Africa." Anthropology Southern Africa 34, no. 1-2 (2011): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23323256.2011.11500008.

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47

Thorn, Michelle, Matthew Green, Fredrik Dalerum, Philip W. Bateman, and Dawn M. Scott. "What drives human–carnivore conflict in the North West Province of South Africa?" Biological Conservation 150, no. 1 (2012): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.02.017.

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48

Laptikhovsky, V. V., and C. M. Nigmatullin. "Egg size and fecundity in females of the subfamilies Todaropsinae and Todarodinae (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, no. 3 (1999): 569–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531549800071x.

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Size of ripe eggs and potential fecundity are described in the squid of the subfamilies Todaropsinae and Todarodinae (Oegopsida: Ommastrephidae)—Todaropsis eblanae from West Africa, Todarodes angolensis from Namibia, Todarodes sagittatus from north-west Africa and the Mediterranean Sea, Todarodes sp. from the south-east Pacific, Nototodarus hawaiiensis from the south-east Pacific and West Indian Ocean and Martialia hyadesi from the south-west Atlantic. Females of both subfamilies are characterized by a wide range of ripe egg size (0.7–2.4 mm) and low and medium values of potential fecundity (20,000–2,500,000).

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Ferreira, J., C. E. Reeves, J. G. Murphy, L. Garcia-Carreras, D. J. Parker, and D. E. Oram. "Isoprene emissions modelling for West Africa using MEGAN." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 3 (2010): 6923–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-6923-2010.

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Abstract. Isoprene emissions are the largest source of reactive carbon to the atmosphere, with the tropics being a major source region. These natural emissions are expected to change with changing climate and human impact on land use. As part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) project the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) has been used to estimate the spatial and temporal distribution of isoprene emissions over the West African region. During the AMMA field campaign, carried out in July and August 2006, isoprene mixing ratios were measured on board the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft. These data have been used to evaluate the model performance. MEGAN was firstly applied to a large area covering much of West Africa from the Gulf of Guinea in the south to the desert in the north and was able to capture the large scale spatial distribution of isoprene emissions as inferred from the observed isoprene mixing ratios. In particular the model captures the transition from the forested area in the south to the bare soils in the north, but some discrepancies have been identified over the bare soil, mainly due to the emission factors used. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the model response to changes in driving parameters, namely Leaf Area Index (LAI), Emission Factors (EF), temperature and solar radiation. A high resolution simulation was made of a limited area south of Niamey, Niger, where the higher concentrations of isoprene were observed. This is used to evaluate the model's ability to simulate smaller scale spatial features and to examine the influence of the driving parameters on an hourly basis through a case study of a flight on 17 August 2006. This study highlights the complex interactions between land surface processes and the meteorological dynamics and chemical composition of the PBL. This has implications for quantifying the impact of biogenic emissions on the atmospheric composition over West Africa and any changes that may occur with changing climate.

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Bennett, Wm G., Maxine Diemer, Justine Kerford, Tracy Probert, and Tsholofelo Wesi. "Setswana (South African)." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 46, no. 2 (2016): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100316000050.

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Setswana (also known as ‘Tswana’ or, more archaically, ‘Chuana’ or ‘Sechuana’) is a Bantu language (group S.30; ISO code tsn) spoken by an estimated four million people in South Africa. There are a further one million or more speakers in Botswana, where it is the dominant national language, and a smaller number of speakers in Namibia. The recordings accompanying this article were mostly produced with a 21-year-old male speaker from the area of Taung, North-West province, South Africa. Some of the accompanying recordings are of a 23-year-old female speaker from Kuruman (approximately 150 km west of Taung). The observations reported here are based on consulting with both these speakers, as well as a third speaker, from Kimberley. All three were speakers of South African Setswana varieties. For discussion of some differences between these varieties and more Northern and Eastern Setswana dialects – including those spoken in Botswana – see (Doke 1954, Cole 1955, University of Botswana 2001).

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