Relevant bibliographies by topics / Architecture, Toraja

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Architecture, Toraja'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Architecture, Toraja"

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Manurung, Parmonangan. "Daylighting and architectural concept of traditional architecture: The Tongkonan in Toraja, Indonesia." A/Z : ITU journal of Faculty of Architecture 14, no. 1 (2017): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/itujfa.2017.65487.

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Domenig, Gaudenz, Jowa Imre Kis-Jovak, Hetty Nooy-Palm, Reimar Schefold, and Ursula Schulz-Dornburg. "Changing Patterns of Architecture and Symbolism among the Sa'dan Toraja (Indonesia)." Asian Folklore Studies 49, no. 2 (1990): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1178038.

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Ng, Teow Ngak, and Hsien Te Lin. "An Analysis on Microclimate and Construction of Tongkonan and Alang-Alang in Tana Toraja of Sulawesi, Indonesia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 311 (February 2013): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.311.375.

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Fallow the nature makes it vernacular have always been the highest principles of vernacular architecture. This research uses Toraja traditional residence houses ( Tongkonan ) and the rice barn （alang-alang）in Tana Toraja of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Through this, we attempt to understand how vernacular architecture effectively controls the indoor environment in the high-temperature, high humidity environment to achieve comfortableness with local materials attained and construction methods. By using thermo recorder equipment to recording and measuring the microclimate record for the residence house and the rice barn. After investigation, comparison and analysis of temperature and relative humidity we discover that the interior environment is more comfortable for human residence in the Tongkonan; at the same time the rice barn is presented as the best storage space for their rice and crops. Both types of buildings create a most habitable environment for people and storage space for grains. It also proves that natural material is an efficient resource for local community as sustainable matter.
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Muslimin, Rizal. "Toraja Glyphs: An Ethnocomputation Study of Passura Indigenous Icons." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 16, no. 1 (January 2017): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.16.39.

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Adams, Ron L. "Ethnoarchaeology in Indonesia Illuminating the Ancient Past at Çatalhöyük?" American Antiquity 70, no. 1 (January 2005): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40035277.

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In a recent volume of American Antiquity, Hodder and Cessford (2004) suggested that various aspects of the domestic architecture at Çatalhöyük reflect a concern for the construction of social memory and social regulations through daily, habituated practices. The authors note that domestic architecture provides a locus for the construction of social memory in ethnographically documented “house societies” (e.g., Carsten and Hugh-Jones 1995; Joyce and Gillespie 2000) and imply that a similar pattern was prevalent during the Neolithic at Çatalhöyük. While not disputing the general premises of this suggestion, I argue that ethnoarchaeological work in two house societies in Indonesia ( West Sumba and Tana Toraja) can provide further, more detailed insight and some alternate perspectives on the social system of Neolithic Çatalhöyük, particularly in relation to notions of “daily practice” and the critical role of feasting in these societies.
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Caroline Rombe, Octaviana Sylvia, Goh Hong Ching, and Zuraini Md Ali. "A Sustainable Value of Vernacular Architecture and Coffee Culture for Coffee Value Chain with Case Study Toraja." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 794, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/794/1/012189.

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Lullulangi, Mithen, and Onesimus Sampebua. "A Tongkonan renovációja : A toradzsa építészeti örökség karbantartása = Maintaining the Cultural Heritage of Toraja." Metszet 10, no. 7 (2019): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33268/met.2019.7.2.

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Waterson, Roxana. "Indonesia - Banua Toraja: Changing Patterns in Architecture and Symbolism among the Sa'dan Toraja, Sulawesi, Indonesia. By Jowa Imre Kis-Jovak, Hetty Nooy-Palm, Reimar Schefold and Ursula Schulz-Dornburg. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute, 1988. Pp. 135. Plates, Maps, Figures, Appendix, Glossary, Bibliography. Paperback." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 21, no. 1 (March 1990): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400002319.

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., Mithen, and Karina Puteri Rinal. "PERUBAHAN BENTUK RUMAH TRADISIONAL BANUA SULU’ DI MASAMBA KABUPATEN LUWU’ UTARA PROPINSI SULAWESI SELATAN." LANGKAU BETANG: JURNAL ARSITEKTUR 1, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/lantang.v4i1.20391.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan menelusuri perubahan bentuk rumah tradisional Banua Sulu’ di Masamba Kabupaten Luwu’ Utara. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi eksploratif untuk mencari dokumen-dokumen masa lampau dan menelusuri perubahan bentuk Banua Sulu’ Variabel penelitian, terdiri atas: Tata letak, tata ruang, Fasade, Struktur/material struktur, dan ornamen. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriftif kualitatif, yaitu menganalisis setiap variabel secara deskriptif, memaknai setiap perubahan yang terjadi, yang terdiri atas empat alur kegiatan, yaitu pemilihan data, penyajian data, analisis dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi perubahan bentuk secara signifikan terutama dalam hal penggunaan material struktur. Hal ini digunakan ketika adanya renovasi, dan elemen wujud fisik yang paling banyak berubah adalah bagian Atap (Botting langi) terutama coppo’ atau timpa’ laja’ yang awalnya bersusun dua, telah berubah menjadi bersusun tiga, material atap juga berubah dari atap daun rumbia menjadi atap seng. Pada bagian badan rumah ( Ale bola ) utamanya lantai dan dinding hampir keseluruhan diganti yang mengakibatkan hilangnya identitas pada bentuk ornamen dinding, jumlah tiang juga bertambah dari 36 menjadi 43 buah, serta adanya penambahan ruang yang disebabkan oleh kebutuhan ruang untuk mewadahi aktivitas penghuni, yang telah berubah menjadi masyarakat modern. Kata-kata kunci: perubahan, bentuk, rumah tradisional, Banua Sulu’ THE TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL HOUSE OF BANUA SULU’ IN MASAMBA LUWU’ UTARA REGENCY SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCEThis study aimed to see and track changes in the traditional house form of Banua Sulu' in North Masamba Luwu' Regency. This type of research is qualitative research. Data was collected by observation, interview, and exploratory documentation search for past documents and do track changes of Banua Sulu' shape. Variables of research consist of zone layout, spatial layout, facade, structure/material of structures, and ornaments. The data analysis technique used was descriptive qualitative analysis, which analyzed every variable descriptive and interpret the meaning of any changes that occurred, four-flow of activities, namely the selection of data, presentation of data, analysis, and conclusion. The results showed that there has been a significant change in shape, especially in terms of the use of structural materials. It is used when they did renovation and the most changing physical form elements was the roof (Botting langi) mainly coppo' or overwrite timpa’ laja', which was originally duplex, has turned into a three-tiered, roof material was also changed from the roof of sago palm leaves into tin roof. In the main shape of the house (Ale bola), main floor and walls were almost entirely replaced, resulting in a loss of identity in the form of wall ornaments, the number of poles also increased from 36 to 43 pieces, and the additional rooms caused by the need for space to accommodate the occupants, who has transformed into a modern society. Keywords: transformation, forms, traditional house, Banua Sulu’ REFERENCESAlbert, Grubauer. 1911. Foto-foto dokumentasi Keluarga. Altman, Irwin and Werner, Coral M. (1985). Volume 8. Home Environments Human Behavior and Environments. New York and London: Plenum Press. Depdikbud. (2007). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta: PN Balai Pustaka Le Corbusier.1923. Toward A New Architecture (Vers Une Architecture, Paris: G. Crès et Cie), Frederick Etchells (trans.), New York: Praeger, 1960; John Goodman (trans.) Santa Monica, CA: Getty Publications, 2007. Lullulangi, Mithen dan Sampebua’, Onesimus. (2007). Arsitektur Tradisional Toraja. Makassar : Badan Penerbit UNM. Machmud. (2006). Architecture Articles. Antariksa. diposting 8 Januari 2011. (http://antariksaarticle./, diakses 20 juli 2014) Mangunwijaya, Y.B. (1992). Wastu Citra. Jakarta: Gramedia. Miles, M.B and Huberman, A.M. (1992). Analisis Data Kualitatif. Jakarta: UI Press. Robinson. (1983). Rumah Adat, Tradisi Menre Bola, dan Dapur Orang Bugis Makassar. diposting 2008. Farid. (http://www.rappang.com, diakses 10 Desember 2013). Ronny Sondakh, Julianus Anthon. (2003). Arsitektur Vernaculer. Proposal Disertasi Pascasarjana UGM Yogyakarta. (online) (repository.unhas.ac.id, diakses 29 September 2014) Runa, I Wayan. (1993). Arsitektur Vernaculer. Proposal Disertasi Pascasarjana UGM Yogyakarta. (online) (repository.unhas.ac.id, diakses 29 September 2014). Ruskin, John.1849. The Seven Lamps of Architecture (London: Smith, Elder, and Co.), New York: Dover Publications, 1989. Said. (2004). Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Kudus Kulon dalam Tradisi Perawatan Rumah. (http://www.arupadhatu.or.id/artikel/budaya/124-.html, diakses 07 Juni 2014) Soeroto, Myrtha. (2003). Sejarang dan Budaya Kebudayaan Toraja. Jakarta : Myrtle Publishing.
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Beek, Walter E. A., Ph Quarles Ufford, J. H. Beer, H. F. Tillema, Chris Beet, Richard Price, G. Bos, et al. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 147, no. 2 (1991): 339–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003195.

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- Walter E.A. van Beek, Ph. Quarles van Ufford, Religion and development; Towards an integrated approach, Amsterdam: Free University Press, 1988., M. Schoffeleers (eds.) - J.H. de Beer, H.F. Tillema, A journey among the people of Central Borneo in word and picture, edited and with an introduction by Victor T. King, Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1989. 268 pp. - Chris de Beet, Richard Price, Alabi’s world. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press, 1990. xx + 444 pp. - G. Bos, Neil L. Whitehead, Lords of the tiger spirit; A history of the Caribs in colonial Venezuela and Guyana 1498-1820, Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Leiden. Caribbean series 10, Dordrecht/Providence: Foris publications, 1988, 250 pp., maps, ills., index, bibl. - James R. Brandon, Richard Schechner, By means of performance: Intercultural studies of theatre and ritual. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 190 + xv pp + ills. Paperback, Willa Appel (eds.) - J.N. Breetvelt, Matti Kamppinen, Cognitive systems and cultural models of illness, Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, FF Comunications No. 244, 1989. 152 pp. - Martin van Bruinessen, Mark R. Woodward, Islam in Java: Normative piety and mysticism in the Sultanate of Yogykarta. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1989, 311 pp, index. - J.G. de Casparis, Pauline Lunsingh Scheurleer, Ancient Indonesian Bronzes; A catalogue of the exhibition in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam with a general introduction. Leiden: Brill, 1988. IX + 179 pp., richly illustrated., Marijke J. Klokke (eds.) - Hugo Fernandes Mendes, Luc Alofs, Ken ta Arubiano? Sociale intergartie en natievorming op Aruba, Leiden: Caraïbische Afdeling, Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 1990. ix + 232 pp., Leontine Merkies (eds.) - Rene van der Haar, I. Eibl-Eibesfeldt, Kommunikation bei den Eipo; Eine humanethologische bestandsaufnahme, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1989., W. Schiefenhövel, V. Heeschen (eds.) - M. Heins, K. Epskamp, Populaire cultuur op de planken; Theater, communicatie en Derde Wereld. Den Haag: CSEO Paperback no. 6, 1989., R. van ‘t Rood (eds.) - Huub de Jonge, Thomas Höllman, Tabak in Südostasien; Ein ethnographisch-historischer Überblick, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1988. Bibl., tab., ill., append., 233 pp., - Nico de Jonge, Jowa Imre Kis-Jovak, Banua Toraja; Changing patterns in architecture and symbolism among the Sa’dan Toraja, Sulawesi - Indonesia. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute, 1988, 135 pp., Hetty Nooy-Palm, Reimar Schefold (eds.) - L. Laeyendecker, Jeffrey C. Alexander, Durkheimian sociology: Cultural analysis, Cambridge etc.: Cambridge University Press, 1988, 227 pp. - Thomas Lindblad, W.A.I.M. Segers, Changing economy in Indonesia. A selection of statistical source material from the early 19th century up to 1940. Vol 8. Manufacturing industry 1870-1942. Amsterdam, 1987. 224 pp. - C.L.J. van der Meer, Akira Suehiro, Capital accumulation in Thailand 1855-1985, The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies, Tokyo, 1989. xviii + 427 pp., maps, figs, app. - Niels Mulder, Nancy Eberhardt, Gender, power, and the construction of the moral order: Studies from the Thai periphery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, Monograph 4, 1988. viii + 100 pages, softcover. - Gert Oostindie, Jan Nederveen Pieterse, Wit over zwart; Beelden van Afrika en zwarten in de Westerse populaire cultuur. Amsterdam: Koninklijk Insituut voor de Tropen, 1990. 259 pp., ills. - Gert Oostindie, Raymond Corbey, Wildheid en beschaving; De Europese verbeelding van Afrika. Baarn: Ambo, 1989. 182 pp., ills. - R. Ploeg, Inga Clendinnen, Ambivalent conquests; Maya and Spaniard in Yucatan, 1517-1570, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. xi + 243 pp. - S.O. Robson, Luigi Santa Maria, Papers from the III European Colloquium on Malay and Indonesian Studies. Istituto Universitario Orientale, Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici (Series Minor XXX). Naples 1988. 276 pp., Faizah Soenoto Rivai, Antonio Sorrentino (eds.) - R.A. Römer, J.M.R. Schrils, Een democratie in gevaar; Een verslag van de situatie op Curaçao tot 1987. Van Gorcum, Assen: 1990. xii + 292 blz. - Patricia D. Rueb, Han ten Brummelhuis, Merchant, courtier and diplomat: A history of the contacts between the Netherlands and Thailand, Lochem, 1987, 116 pp., illustrated.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Architecture, Toraja"

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Teow-NgakNg and 黃潮岳. "A Study on the Transformation of Commercialized Vernacular Architecture Base on Banua Toraja , Indonesia." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/txyr79.

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博士
國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
101
The commercialization phenomenon refers to a course of conduct of customers or tourists needed services and goods. This phenomenon in globalize tourism, not only in the metropolitan area, but also spread to many of the original closed, calm tribes one by one, and give business behavior and commercial activities, making the original authentic primitive tribes, has changed from their lifestyles recreation. In this study, for the tribe tourism and the commercial interests of the induction, making originally belonging to the vernacular houses of ordinary people are ranking also become a commodity, such a phenomenon prevalent many are tribal tourism, especially evident in the Austronesia tribes. Tribal tourism has always been one of the most attractive tourists. However, what is the real reason to attract tourists, most of the scholars vanishing cultural items (Hsieh, Shih-Chung, 1994: 184) and experience (Foucault 1986). However, in the commercial driven, tourists often bring tribal many positive and negative affect. The positive is certainly bring economic improvement, increase the number of jobs, making their people willing to return home services, comply with the demand for tourism, offers a variety of commercial activities, reconstruction and remodeling their tribal culture. On the other hand, the tribal tourism commercial demand, resulting in many of the fast food of the poor quality of goods, fabrication or plagiarism counterfeit culture. Not only cultural activities, changes in the form of vernacular houses, too complicated decoration, brilliant colors deviate from the traditional cosmology, and even change the original scattered houses into setting houses also buy or sell transaction, commercialize, severity and some visible This research attempts vernacular houses one of the most attractive tourist destination in the Austronesia - Sulawesi Toraja Banua and Tongkonan, tourism and related policy guidance, how to change the tribe vernacular house style. In-depth Tana Toraja region Sádan Toraja, Mamasa Toraja and Bastem Toraja field investigation found commercialization infected tribes, and have not been commercial areas, housing commercialization of the varies greatly, display the Toraja tribe lived in the region, presenting One nation with three different housing style . By this research rough literature study, explore and status of the investigation, the phenomenon of the commercialization of residential areas are summarized in six principles, including transactions, show windows, decorative, setting village, modernization, cosmology. After field investigation showed that the houses can be directly traded, quantifiable production has become a tradable commodity; as well as recovery and reconstruction, or to build templates houses without functional, decorative facade, the roof is getting warped; weather resistance and durability of the use of materials, such as cement, corrugated zinc sheet and other industrial mass production of materials to make houses with modern characterization, the introduction of modern furniture indoor show the civilization of the inhabitants. Toraja houses originally follow their traditional cosmology under the belief of Aluk Todolo, the arrangement of the vernacular houses just follow the local environment as an axis of mountain and sea as their direction; there are many traditional taboos and rules of dualism, gradually disappeared in the process of change and commercialization of faith, where he visited as tourists, fabricated situations, the Diaspora change set the village, bamboo change wood, highlights the commercialization policies Toraja houses has been the commercialization of serious distortions, making the traditional Toraja houses cosmology and the value of getting life far from the truth!
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Barros, Maria da Assunção da Silva. "Casa de brasileiros de Paços de Ferreira: “Ecletismo e Exuberância”." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/10110.

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O património edificado dos brasileiros, no apogeu do século XIX e no alvor do século XX, tem despertado interesse por parte de investigadores que, através dos seus trabalhos, têm contribuído para o despertar de novos estudos. Nesse sentido, debruçamo-nos sobre as Casas de brasileiros do Concelho de Paços de Ferreira. Para compreender a sua génese, recorremos à investigação histórica e sociológica da emigração oitocentista de Portugal para o Brasil e da influência que o seu retorno teve no património arquitetónico. Conscientes da influência que os brasileiros exerceram no património do Concelho, analisamos as alterações introduzidas na arquitetura Civil e os novos elementos estruturais na edificação das suas habitações. Deparámo-nos com um património arquitetónico que urge descobrir o seu significado na História da Arte e da Cultura, só assim, conseguiremos que esta valiosa herança não desapareça.
Brazilian built heritage, in the peak of the nineteenth century and start of the twentieth century, began to increase the level of interest on investigators which, through their work, contributed to new studies on this matter. In this sense, we address the study of the brazilian houses in Paços de Ferreira. To understand its genesis, we relied on sociological and historical investigation of the eighteen-hundreds emigration from Portugal to Brazil and the influence that their return had on the country’s architectural heritage. Aware of the influence the brazilians exerted on Paços de Ferreira’s patrimony, we analyzed the alterations introduced into the civil architecture and the new structural elements featured in their building’s edification. We came across an architectural heritage that urges to reach its significance in the History of Art and Culture, only thus, we will be able to stop this valuable inheritance from vanishing.
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Books on the topic "Architecture, Toraja"

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Hiroko, Wakabayashi, ed. Wazoku Toraja. Tōkyō: Taishūkan Shoten, 1995.

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Syafwandi. Arsitektur tradisional Tana Toraja. Edited by Soimun Hp and Panannangan Margariche. [Jakarta]: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional, Proyek Penelitian, Pengkajian dan Pembinaan Nilai-Nilai Budaya, 1993.

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Lumowah, Benny. Anjungan Sulawesi Selatan: Tongkonan, rumah adat Toraja. [Jakarta]: Aksara Baru bekerjasama dengan Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, 1985.

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Said, Abdul Azis. Simbolisme unsur visual rumah tradisional Toraja dan perubahan aplikasinya pada desain modern. Tegalrejo, Yogyakarta: Ombak, 2004.

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Bahrum, Shaifuddin. Bangunan sosial tongkonan: Sebuah kajian terhadap organisasi sosial tradisional di Tana Toraja. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Nilai Budaya, Seni, dan Film, Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata, 2009.

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The toraṇa in Indian and Southeast Asian architecture. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld, 2010.

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Dhar, Parul Pandya. The toraṇa in Indian and Southeast Asian architecture. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld, 2010.

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Dhar, Parul Pandya. The toraṇa in Indian and Southeast Asian architecture. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld, 2010.

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Eckerholm, Lena. Torpa stenhus: Från medeltida herresäte till nutida turistmål. [Borås, Sweden: M. Sundelius], 2001.

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Castelseprio e Torba: Sintesi delle ricerche e aggiornamenti. Mantova: SAP Società Archeologica, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Architecture, Toraja"

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Wiryomartono, Bagoes. "The Rituals of the Smoke: Power, Ethnicity, and Architecture in Tana Toraja, Indonesia." In Perspectives on Traditional Settlements and Communities, 49–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-05-7_4.

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Cassinello, Pepa. "Eduardo Torroja. The habitat of his revolutionary research models." In Reconstruction and Restoration of Architectural Heritage 2021, 14–19. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003136804-3.

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Antuña, J. "The work of Eduardo Torroja." In Structures & Architecture, 527–28. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10428-257.

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Yaniv, Bracha. "The Architectural Structure of the Torah Ark." In The Carved Wooden Torah Arks of Eastern Europe, 73–76. Liverpool University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764371.003.0005.

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Antuña, J., and B. Orta. "A prototype for precast covers. An optimal solution by Torroja." In Structures and Architecture: Bridging the Gap and Crossing Borders, 409–16. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315229126-48.

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Gillis, David. "Emanation." In Reading Maimonides' Mishneh Torah, 208–68. Liverpool University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764067.003.0004.

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This chapter evaluates the application of the Neoplatonic idea of emanation, as expounded by Maimonides himself in The Guide of the Perplexed, to the understanding of the structure of Mishneh torah. The first ten books are arranged according to a hierarchy of value, corresponding to the hierarchy of the successive levels of hypostases in the Plotinian system, as adapted by Alfarabi, but with the ultimate criterion of rank being the religious value of holiness. Furthermore, those first ten books form a pattern that is a projection of ‘Laws of the Foundations of the Torah’, expressing the idea that books 2 to 10 emanate from book 1, the Book of Knowledge. The Neoplatonic hierarchy in Mishneh torah suggested a way of reconciling the treatment of sacrifices in that work with their treatment in the Guide, evaluating them synchronically rather than diachronically. The underlying model or metaphor for emanation is a flow of water: water flowing downhill, and water flowing outwards from a source. This metaphor surfaces explicitly in ‘Laws of Immersion Pools’ at the end of the Book of Purity, and again at the end of Mishneh torah as a whole, pointing up the work's cosmic architecture and adding to it a dynamic element that brings a new level of significance.
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Yaniv, Bracha. "The Kingdom of God in the Little Sanctuary." In The Carved Wooden Torah Arks of Eastern Europe, 77–139. Liverpool University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764371.003.0006.

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This chapter addresses whether the visual manifestation of the Torah ark as the Throne of Glory symbolizes God's presence and analyses the base and the upper section of the ark. It examines arks that have a tall, architectonic design and comprise several tiers that are set upon a raised, 120-cm-high platform with railings on either side. It also analyses the elevation of the ark by means of a platform or the ark's soaring, tiered structure that is in contradistinction to the bimah in the centre of the prayer hall. The chapter emphasizes how the elevated ark creates a competing architectural focus that serves no practical purpose. It describes the top of the ark as a representation of God that takes the form of a cartouche with the Tetragrammaton inscribed upon it and a freestanding eagle that is naturalistically sculpted in relief.
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Conference papers on the topic "Architecture, Toraja"

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Fuerth, D., and A. Bazylak. "Carbon Based Electrodes for Upscaling Microfluidic Fuel Cells." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2012-91043.

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In this work, we present an experimental microfluidic fuel cell with a novel up-scaled porous electrode architecture that provides higher overall power output compared to conventional microfluidic fuel cells and a methodology for electrode material evaluation to inform designs for improved performance. Our proof-of-concept architecture is an up-scaled version of a previously presented flow-through cell with more than nine times the active electrode surface area. We employed 0.04M formic acid and 0.01M potassium permanganate as fuel and oxidant, respectively, dissolved in a 1M sulfuric acid electrolyte. Platinum black was employed as the catalyst for both anode and cathode. Carbon based porous electrodes including felt, cloth, fibre, and foam were compared to traditional Toray carbon paper in order to characterize their respective performances. We also discussed current densities normalized by electrode volume, which is appropriate for comparison of flow-through architectures. The traditional method of current normalization by projected electrode surface area is also presented.
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2

Kristianova, Katarina. "ALFONZ TORMA AND SLOVAK LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE OF THE 2ND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY." In 2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2015/b41/s15.030.

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3

Ceravolo, R. "Condition Assessment, Monitoring and Preservation of Some Iconic Concrete Structures of the 20th Century." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0054.

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<p>Great architects and structural engineers such as Berg (1870-1947), Maillart (1872-1940), Freyssinet (1879- 1962), Torroja (1899 -1961), Nervi (1891-1979), Candela (1910-1997), Isler (1926-2009) and many others have designed recognized works of art in their discipline. They conceived extraordinary concrete spatial structures, that are located mostly in Europe and represent a unique legacy. It is important to raise awareness of this heritage, define the criteria for preserving it and begin the process of its renovation and rehabilitation.</p> <p>While concrete has become a 20th century emblem, much of the world’s heritage from this period is unrecognized or undervalued, and therefore it is at risk and in need of analysis and protection. Innovative technologies and solutions are needed that contribute to the successful reuse of modern concrete built heritage. Indeed, such structures are plagued by significant deterioration and most of them are in urgent need of retrofitting and/or radical refurbishment. In other words, there is a need to bring some of these buildings back to life, while respecting the spirit of their original characters, through new technologies for long-term conservation that can maintain an adequate level of structural performance. Achieving this goal would produce substantial economic impacts through activities such as restoration, maintenance, and cultural industry.</p> <p>The keynote lecture, more specifically, focuses on the condition assessment, monitoring and preservation of 20th century architectural heritage characterized by a complex spatial structural design. The service life of civil and cultural heritage concrete spatial structures is typically thought to range from 10 to 200 years, but in practice the service environment plays a pivotal role in sustained durability. Indeed, the collapse of Polcevera Viaduct in Genoa has raised strong concerns on the durability of concrete structures conceived at that time. The scientific community has once again underlined the important role played by maintenance and continuous structural health monitoring in avoiding these disastrous events. In order to demonstrate a correct approach to condition monitoring of concrete spatial buildings and bridges, some important experiences are described that were recently obtained at the Polytechnic of Turin on the structural analysis, seismic vulnerability and condition assessment for iconic 20th century heritage buildings.</p>
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