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Journal articles on the topic 'Architecture, Toraja'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Manurung, Parmonangan. "Daylighting and architectural concept of traditional architecture: The Tongkonan in Toraja, Indonesia." A/Z : ITU journal of Faculty of Architecture 14, no. 1 (2017): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/itujfa.2017.65487.

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2

Domenig, Gaudenz, Jowa Imre Kis-Jovak, Hetty Nooy-Palm, Reimar Schefold, and Ursula Schulz-Dornburg. "Changing Patterns of Architecture and Symbolism among the Sa'dan Toraja (Indonesia)." Asian Folklore Studies 49, no. 2 (1990): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1178038.

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3

Ng, Teow Ngak, and Hsien Te Lin. "An Analysis on Microclimate and Construction of Tongkonan and Alang-Alang in Tana Toraja of Sulawesi, Indonesia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 311 (February 2013): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.311.375.

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Fallow the nature makes it vernacular have always been the highest principles of vernacular architecture. This research uses Toraja traditional residence houses ( Tongkonan ) and the rice barn （alang-alang）in Tana Toraja of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Through this, we attempt to understand how vernacular architecture effectively controls the indoor environment in the high-temperature, high humidity environment to achieve comfortableness with local materials attained and construction methods. By using thermo recorder equipment to recording and measuring the microclimate record for the residence house and the rice barn. After investigation, comparison and analysis of temperature and relative humidity we discover that the interior environment is more comfortable for human residence in the Tongkonan; at the same time the rice barn is presented as the best storage space for their rice and crops. Both types of buildings create a most habitable environment for people and storage space for grains. It also proves that natural material is an efficient resource for local community as sustainable matter.

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4

Muslimin, Rizal. "Toraja Glyphs: An Ethnocomputation Study of Passura Indigenous Icons." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 16, no. 1 (January 2017): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.16.39.

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5

Adams, Ron L. "Ethnoarchaeology in Indonesia Illuminating the Ancient Past at Çatalhöyük?" American Antiquity 70, no. 1 (January 2005): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40035277.

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In a recent volume of American Antiquity, Hodder and Cessford (2004) suggested that various aspects of the domestic architecture at Çatalhöyük reflect a concern for the construction of social memory and social regulations through daily, habituated practices. The authors note that domestic architecture provides a locus for the construction of social memory in ethnographically documented “house societies” (e.g., Carsten and Hugh-Jones 1995; Joyce and Gillespie 2000) and imply that a similar pattern was prevalent during the Neolithic at Çatalhöyük. While not disputing the general premises of this suggestion, I argue that ethnoarchaeological work in two house societies in Indonesia ( West Sumba and Tana Toraja) can provide further, more detailed insight and some alternate perspectives on the social system of Neolithic Çatalhöyük, particularly in relation to notions of “daily practice” and the critical role of feasting in these societies.

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Caroline Rombe, Octaviana Sylvia, Goh Hong Ching, and Zuraini Md Ali. "A Sustainable Value of Vernacular Architecture and Coffee Culture for Coffee Value Chain with Case Study Toraja." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 794, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/794/1/012189.

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7

Lullulangi, Mithen, and Onesimus Sampebua. "A Tongkonan renovációja : A toradzsa építészeti örökség karbantartása = Maintaining the Cultural Heritage of Toraja." Metszet 10, no. 7 (2019): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33268/met.2019.7.2.

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8

Waterson, Roxana. "Indonesia - Banua Toraja: Changing Patterns in Architecture and Symbolism among the Sa'dan Toraja, Sulawesi, Indonesia. By Jowa Imre Kis-Jovak, Hetty Nooy-Palm, Reimar Schefold and Ursula Schulz-Dornburg. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute, 1988. Pp. 135. Plates, Maps, Figures, Appendix, Glossary, Bibliography. Paperback." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 21, no. 1 (March 1990): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400002319.

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9

., Mithen, and Karina Puteri Rinal. "PERUBAHAN BENTUK RUMAH TRADISIONAL BANUA SULU’ DI MASAMBA KABUPATEN LUWU’ UTARA PROPINSI SULAWESI SELATAN." LANGKAU BETANG: JURNAL ARSITEKTUR 1, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/lantang.v4i1.20391.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan menelusuri perubahan bentuk rumah tradisional Banua Sulu’ di Masamba Kabupaten Luwu’ Utara. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi eksploratif untuk mencari dokumen-dokumen masa lampau dan menelusuri perubahan bentuk Banua Sulu’ Variabel penelitian, terdiri atas: Tata letak, tata ruang, Fasade, Struktur/material struktur, dan ornamen. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriftif kualitatif, yaitu menganalisis setiap variabel secara deskriptif, memaknai setiap perubahan yang terjadi, yang terdiri atas empat alur kegiatan, yaitu pemilihan data, penyajian data, analisis dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi perubahan bentuk secara signifikan terutama dalam hal penggunaan material struktur. Hal ini digunakan ketika adanya renovasi, dan elemen wujud fisik yang paling banyak berubah adalah bagian Atap (Botting langi) terutama coppo’ atau timpa’ laja’ yang awalnya bersusun dua, telah berubah menjadi bersusun tiga, material atap juga berubah dari atap daun rumbia menjadi atap seng. Pada bagian badan rumah ( Ale bola ) utamanya lantai dan dinding hampir keseluruhan diganti yang mengakibatkan hilangnya identitas pada bentuk ornamen dinding, jumlah tiang juga bertambah dari 36 menjadi 43 buah, serta adanya penambahan ruang yang disebabkan oleh kebutuhan ruang untuk mewadahi aktivitas penghuni, yang telah berubah menjadi masyarakat modern. Kata-kata kunci: perubahan, bentuk, rumah tradisional, Banua Sulu’ THE TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL HOUSE OF BANUA SULU’ IN MASAMBA LUWU’ UTARA REGENCY SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCEThis study aimed to see and track changes in the traditional house form of Banua Sulu' in North Masamba Luwu' Regency. This type of research is qualitative research. Data was collected by observation, interview, and exploratory documentation search for past documents and do track changes of Banua Sulu' shape. Variables of research consist of zone layout, spatial layout, facade, structure/material of structures, and ornaments. The data analysis technique used was descriptive qualitative analysis, which analyzed every variable descriptive and interpret the meaning of any changes that occurred, four-flow of activities, namely the selection of data, presentation of data, analysis, and conclusion. The results showed that there has been a significant change in shape, especially in terms of the use of structural materials. It is used when they did renovation and the most changing physical form elements was the roof (Botting langi) mainly coppo' or overwrite timpa’ laja', which was originally duplex, has turned into a three-tiered, roof material was also changed from the roof of sago palm leaves into tin roof. In the main shape of the house (Ale bola), main floor and walls were almost entirely replaced, resulting in a loss of identity in the form of wall ornaments, the number of poles also increased from 36 to 43 pieces, and the additional rooms caused by the need for space to accommodate the occupants, who has transformed into a modern society. Keywords: transformation, forms, traditional house, Banua Sulu’ REFERENCESAlbert, Grubauer. 1911. Foto-foto dokumentasi Keluarga. Altman, Irwin and Werner, Coral M. (1985). Volume 8. Home Environments Human Behavior and Environments. New York and London: Plenum Press. Depdikbud. (2007). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta: PN Balai Pustaka Le Corbusier.1923. Toward A New Architecture (Vers Une Architecture, Paris: G. Crès et Cie), Frederick Etchells (trans.), New York: Praeger, 1960; John Goodman (trans.) Santa Monica, CA: Getty Publications, 2007. Lullulangi, Mithen dan Sampebua’, Onesimus. (2007). Arsitektur Tradisional Toraja. Makassar : Badan Penerbit UNM. Machmud. (2006). Architecture Articles. Antariksa. diposting 8 Januari 2011. (http://antariksaarticle./, diakses 20 juli 2014) Mangunwijaya, Y.B. (1992). Wastu Citra. Jakarta: Gramedia. Miles, M.B and Huberman, A.M. (1992). Analisis Data Kualitatif. Jakarta: UI Press. Robinson. (1983). Rumah Adat, Tradisi Menre Bola, dan Dapur Orang Bugis Makassar. diposting 2008. Farid. (http://www.rappang.com, diakses 10 Desember 2013). Ronny Sondakh, Julianus Anthon. (2003). Arsitektur Vernaculer. Proposal Disertasi Pascasarjana UGM Yogyakarta. (online) (repository.unhas.ac.id, diakses 29 September 2014) Runa, I Wayan. (1993). Arsitektur Vernaculer. Proposal Disertasi Pascasarjana UGM Yogyakarta. (online) (repository.unhas.ac.id, diakses 29 September 2014). Ruskin, John.1849. The Seven Lamps of Architecture (London: Smith, Elder, and Co.), New York: Dover Publications, 1989. Said. (2004). Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Kudus Kulon dalam Tradisi Perawatan Rumah. (http://www.arupadhatu.or.id/artikel/budaya/124-.html, diakses 07 Juni 2014) Soeroto, Myrtha. (2003). Sejarang dan Budaya Kebudayaan Toraja. Jakarta : Myrtle Publishing.

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10

Beek, Walter E. A., Ph Quarles Ufford, J. H. Beer, H. F. Tillema, Chris Beet, Richard Price, G. Bos, et al. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 147, no. 2 (1991): 339–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003195.

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- Walter E.A. van Beek, Ph. Quarles van Ufford, Religion and development; Towards an integrated approach, Amsterdam: Free University Press, 1988., M. Schoffeleers (eds.) - J.H. de Beer, H.F. Tillema, A journey among the people of Central Borneo in word and picture, edited and with an introduction by Victor T. King, Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1989. 268 pp. - Chris de Beet, Richard Price, Alabi’s world. Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press, 1990. xx + 444 pp. - G. Bos, Neil L. Whitehead, Lords of the tiger spirit; A history of the Caribs in colonial Venezuela and Guyana 1498-1820, Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Leiden. Caribbean series 10, Dordrecht/Providence: Foris publications, 1988, 250 pp., maps, ills., index, bibl. - James R. Brandon, Richard Schechner, By means of performance: Intercultural studies of theatre and ritual. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 190 + xv pp + ills. Paperback, Willa Appel (eds.) - J.N. Breetvelt, Matti Kamppinen, Cognitive systems and cultural models of illness, Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, FF Comunications No. 244, 1989. 152 pp. - Martin van Bruinessen, Mark R. Woodward, Islam in Java: Normative piety and mysticism in the Sultanate of Yogykarta. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1989, 311 pp, index. - J.G. de Casparis, Pauline Lunsingh Scheurleer, Ancient Indonesian Bronzes; A catalogue of the exhibition in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam with a general introduction. Leiden: Brill, 1988. IX + 179 pp., richly illustrated., Marijke J. Klokke (eds.) - Hugo Fernandes Mendes, Luc Alofs, Ken ta Arubiano? Sociale intergartie en natievorming op Aruba, Leiden: Caraïbische Afdeling, Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 1990. ix + 232 pp., Leontine Merkies (eds.) - Rene van der Haar, I. Eibl-Eibesfeldt, Kommunikation bei den Eipo; Eine humanethologische bestandsaufnahme, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1989., W. Schiefenhövel, V. Heeschen (eds.) - M. Heins, K. Epskamp, Populaire cultuur op de planken; Theater, communicatie en Derde Wereld. Den Haag: CSEO Paperback no. 6, 1989., R. van ‘t Rood (eds.) - Huub de Jonge, Thomas Höllman, Tabak in Südostasien; Ein ethnographisch-historischer Überblick, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1988. Bibl., tab., ill., append., 233 pp., - Nico de Jonge, Jowa Imre Kis-Jovak, Banua Toraja; Changing patterns in architecture and symbolism among the Sa’dan Toraja, Sulawesi - Indonesia. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute, 1988, 135 pp., Hetty Nooy-Palm, Reimar Schefold (eds.) - L. Laeyendecker, Jeffrey C. Alexander, Durkheimian sociology: Cultural analysis, Cambridge etc.: Cambridge University Press, 1988, 227 pp. - Thomas Lindblad, W.A.I.M. Segers, Changing economy in Indonesia. A selection of statistical source material from the early 19th century up to 1940. Vol 8. Manufacturing industry 1870-1942. Amsterdam, 1987. 224 pp. - C.L.J. van der Meer, Akira Suehiro, Capital accumulation in Thailand 1855-1985, The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies, Tokyo, 1989. xviii + 427 pp., maps, figs, app. - Niels Mulder, Nancy Eberhardt, Gender, power, and the construction of the moral order: Studies from the Thai periphery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, Monograph 4, 1988. viii + 100 pages, softcover. - Gert Oostindie, Jan Nederveen Pieterse, Wit over zwart; Beelden van Afrika en zwarten in de Westerse populaire cultuur. Amsterdam: Koninklijk Insituut voor de Tropen, 1990. 259 pp., ills. - Gert Oostindie, Raymond Corbey, Wildheid en beschaving; De Europese verbeelding van Afrika. Baarn: Ambo, 1989. 182 pp., ills. - R. Ploeg, Inga Clendinnen, Ambivalent conquests; Maya and Spaniard in Yucatan, 1517-1570, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. xi + 243 pp. - S.O. Robson, Luigi Santa Maria, Papers from the III European Colloquium on Malay and Indonesian Studies. Istituto Universitario Orientale, Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici (Series Minor XXX). Naples 1988. 276 pp., Faizah Soenoto Rivai, Antonio Sorrentino (eds.) - R.A. Römer, J.M.R. Schrils, Een democratie in gevaar; Een verslag van de situatie op Curaçao tot 1987. Van Gorcum, Assen: 1990. xii + 292 blz. - Patricia D. Rueb, Han ten Brummelhuis, Merchant, courtier and diplomat: A history of the contacts between the Netherlands and Thailand, Lochem, 1987, 116 pp., illustrated.

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11

Meister, Michael W. "Review: The Toraṇa in Indian and Southeast Asian Architecture by Parul Pandya Dhar." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 70, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2011.70.1.113.

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12

Díaz, C., D. Caballol, and A. Díaz. "La protección frente al ruido de los forjados proyectados por Eduardo Torroja en la E.T.S. de Arquitectura de la Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid." Informes de la Construcción 63, no. 524 (December 16, 2011): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.10.078.

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13

Wagoner, Philip. "The Place of Warangal's Kirti-Toranas in the History of Indian Islamic Architecture." Religion and the Arts 8, no. 1 (2004): 6–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568529043602775.

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14

Mahalakshmi, R. "Parul Pandya Dhar, The Torana in Indian and Southeast Asian Architecture, D.K. Printworld, Delhi, 2009, pp. xii–xvii, 317, Rs 4200." Studies in History 26, no. 2 (August 2010): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/025764301002600206.

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15

Bell, Thomas W., Frieda Guzzo, and M. G. B. Drew. "Molecular architecture. 1. Sodium, potassium, and strontium complexes of a hexaazamacrocycle; an 18-crown-6/torand analog." Journal of the American Chemical Society 113, no. 8 (April 1991): 3115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00008a046.

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16

Krizmanić, Attilio. "Amfiteatar u Puli." Prostor 25, no. 2(54) (December 31, 2017): 216–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31522/p.25.2(54).4.

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Prvi je cilj ovoga rada razjasniti osnovni integralni sustav prometnih putova gledatelja unutar Amfiteatra u Puli, a u tome kontekstu podjelu gledališta na sektore (maeniane), koje su smjeli koristiti različiti stališi gledatelja u odnosu na njihov priznati položaj u društvu. U tom okviru središnja su tema ovoga članka četiri osobita stubišna tornja sa summa cavea in ligneis, s inkorporiranim bačvastim cisternama, s dvostrukim ukrižanim drvenim stubištima i tri palube, a koji do ovoga rada nisu nikada cjelovito i razložno proučeni, a još manje prikladno grafički prezentirani u izvornome stanju u kakvom su bili kada su nastali sredinom 1. stoljeća pr.Kr.

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Bilbao, L. "La herencia científica del Instituto Eduardo Torroja en Bilbao (1960-1980)." Informes de la Construcción 66, no. 533 (March 30, 2014): e011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.12.097.

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Perdana ; Rahadhian P. Herwindo, Aditya Bayu. "STUDY ON ARCHITECTURAL RELATION OF ANCIENT MATARAM HINDU CANDI AND VĀSTUŚĀSTRA." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 4, no. 03 (May 30, 2020): 234–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v4i03.3930.234-251.

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Abstract - Classical Indian architectural principles and tradition has been collected and preserved in a vast body of literature collectively known as the Vāstuśāstra. This branch of classical Indian knowledge is a realization of Hindu ideals in terms of architectural edifice, which significantly influence the religious architecture of the Indian cultural sphere which extends to the medieval Island of Java. Even though Indian influences are recognizable in the design of Javanese Hindu candis from the Ancient Mataram era, to what extend the Indian vāstuśāstra was followed is less obvious, for the Javanese candis contain some architectural elements that are not found in vāstuśāstra or Indian temples. By identifying and comparing vāstuśāstra and ancient Indian temples with Javanese candis, it should bring more clarity on which elements are part of the Indian culture continuity and which are part of the local genius. By doing so, the relation between Javanese candi and vāstuśāstra could be reasonably deduced. In this study, a comparative and qualitative method with with historical and textual approach is used. The author focuses on the overall form of the elevation as well as the mass and spatial arrangement. This study would collect and compare the relevant parts of vāstuśāstra as well as Indian examples obtained from literary studies with datas from six samples of Mataram era candis, three from the early period and three from the midclassic period.Comparison by the author shows several results. Firstly, the elevation of Mataram era Hindu candi fits into the basic mould of Indian temples as described in the vāstuśāstra, with seven distinct elements in the vertical direction termed Upapīṭha, Adhiṣṭhāna, Pada, Prastara, Gala, Śikhara, and Stūpi. However, various architectural details of these elements have marked differences from the norms of Indian temples and from what is instructed in the Vāstuśāstra. The distinctive Javanese Kala-Makara for example, does not conform to the Indian Toraṇa-Makara described in Mānasāra. Some Javanese elements has no Indian prototype at all. Secondly, the mass and spatial arrangement of Javanese candis have even more pronounced difference than Indian temples. The typical Javanese arrangement of main temple opposing three secondary temples in a row is not found in India. Conversely, Indian arrangement with an attaching Maṇḍapa in front of the main temple tower is not present in Java at all. In the case of orientation, Javanese candis may be oriented to west or east, while Indian temples overwhelmingly preferred east.The result of this study suggests that the relation between Javanese candi and the vāstuśāstra is a loose and flexible one; vāstuśāstra is used on some aspect such as the basic temple shape but disregarded in the details and ornaments. Javanese candi designers freely adopts and discards various parts of the vāstuśāstra according to prevailing conditions. Those conditions might be due to local materials and taste which form distinctive traits of local genius. Javanese designers never sought to replicate a perfect imitation of Indian temples in Java; rather, Javanese designers shows a creative and selective attitude in responding to foreign influence which yields the innovative and unique design of candi. In the oldest phases, Indian influences can be detected in such a way that candi can be considered an Indian export that has been localized. As time goes, especially since the time of Prambanan, Indian prototype becomes more difficult to discerned until candi becomes a thoroughly local architectural product.Key Words: Javanese candi, Indian temple, Vāstuśāstra, Ancient Mataram

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Serrano-Lanzarote, B., E. Fenollosa Forner, and F. Arnau Paltor. "Evaluación de daños y actuaciones de rehabilitación en la iglesia de San Nicolás de Eduardo Torroja (Gandía, 1962)." Informes de la Construcción 68, no. 541 (January 29, 2016): e130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.14.139.

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Algorri García, Eloy. "Tres soluciones en la restauración del Palacio de Toral de los Guzmanes. León-España." Informes de la Construcción 46, no. 434 (December 30, 1994): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.1994.v46.i434.1106.

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Auersbach, Brian. "The House, The Rice and The Buffalo: Cosmological Perceptions in the indigenous Architecture of Southeast Asia." SPAFA Journal 2 (May 1, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.26721/spafajournal.v2i0.586.

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This short article reviews the comprehensive field of study about vernacular architecture in Southeast Asia and the meaning behind these buildings. Cosmological perceptions and animistic beliefs are widespread in Southeast Asia, especially among the numerous tribes in its maritime region of Austronesia. This paper focuses on the connection between indigenous architecture and the cosmological relevance for the inhabitants. Therefore, similar architectural features in Southeast Asia will be elaborated and associated with these consistent cosmological perceptions. Finally, the example of the Toraja people and their story of creation shall illustrate this complex topic.

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Suharto, M. F. "A Study On Physical Changes The Traditional Houses of Minahasa And Toraja In Indonesia." Journal of Educational Method and Technology 2, no. 2 (February 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.36412/jemtec.v2i2.1014.

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. The aim of this research is to identify the physical changes that occur on the traditional houses of Minahasa and Toraja, including factors that cause the physical changes. Furthermore, we analyze the possibility of significant similarities and differences that exist on both the traditional houses. Based on the purposive sampling studies and literature studies, the discussion and analysis of the physical changes will include the physical elements of architecture which consist of form (design), structure and construction, materials, layout plan, and ornament. The results of this study indicate that the technology development, the natural influence, physiological needs as well as an increase in the fulfillment of social needs and the development of civilization has affected the physical changes. Of all the elements of the architecture that have been reviewed, we found that not all elements occur of the same physical changes and significant. Keywords: Physical changes, Traditional houses, Minahasa, Toraja

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"A STUDY ON PHYSICAL CHANGES THE TRADITIONAL HOUSES OF MINAHASA AND TORAJA IN INDONESIA." Journal of Educational Method and Technology Volume 2 Nomor 2 (August 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.36412/jemtec/001035e1/agustus2019009.

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The aim of this research is to identify the physical changes that occur on the traditional houses of Minahasa and Toraja, including factors that cause the physical changes. Furthermore, we analyze the possibility of significant similarities and differences that exist on both the traditional houses. Based on the purposive sampling studies and literature studies, the discussion and analysis of the physical changes will include the physical elements of architecture which consist of form (design), structure and construction, materials, layout plan, and ornament. The results of this study indicate that the technology development, the natural influence, physiological needs as well as an increase in the fulfillment of social needs and the development of civilization has affected the physical changes. Of all the elements of the architecture that have been reviewed, we found that not all elements occur of the same physical changes and significant.

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Wismantara, Pudji Pratitis. "SPIRITUAL JOURNEY PRINCIPLES IN JAVANESE HOUSE: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY READING." El-HARAKAH (TERAKREDITASI), April 26, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/el.v0i0.1889.

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Re-contextualizing effort is begun by formulating basic character then developing of architectural design. The purpose of this paper is to explore and re-contextualize the basic character of traditional Javanese house. This study used visual culture method as a thorough of the architectural form and substance behind it by including inter-disciplinary scientific approach. The first step is tracing equivalence thought expression among traditional Javanese House and other traditional houses in through Indonesian archipelago, such as Aceh, Toraja, and Dayak, by doing trans-cultural readings. Step two, is finding a relationship between traditional Javanese house with non-architectural folklore, for instance the story of Dewa Ruci and serat Jatimurti, by doing trans-structural readings. In the process of study, it is seen that traditional Javanese house is consist of universal characters and Javanese local characters. The structural space on the traditional Javanese house is relevance to the concept of Islamic journey that negating god other than Allah, and travelling towards Allah. The discovery of the thought expression which is the basic character of this traditional Javanese house, at least, can be a starting point in developing an architecture which is suitable for the space context (of Java) and time context (present).<br /><br />Key words: recontextualise, Archipelago, basic character, journey<br /><br />

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UNM, MITHEN LULLULANGI, and Onesimus Sampebua. "TONGKONAN KE'TE' KESU’ AS A TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION IN TANA TORAJA." Journal of Building Material Science 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jbms.v3i1.2929.

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This research aims to know the function of Traditional House of Toraja and Typology, as a unique traditional architectural tourist attraction in Ke'te 'Kesu'. The research is qualitative research. Data collection is done by observation, interview, and documentation. The research variables consist of: Function of Traditional House (Tongkonan), and it’s Typology. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative analysis, that is analyzing each variable descriptively, consisting of four activity flow, that is data selection, data presentation, analyzing, , and conclusions. The results show that: In general, the main function of traditional Toraja house (Tongkonan) and its built environment is as a container of human activities supporting Toraja culture, consisting of Rambu Solo’ that is the customary ceremony associated with death, and Rambu Tuka’ or all things good lifestyle as well ceremonies related to daily life. Then typology can be viewed from aspects of Layout, Spatial, Shape, Structure and Construction, and Ornaments.

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Leoshko, Janice. "Janice Leoshko. Review of "The Torana in Indian and Southeast Asian Architecture" by Parul Pandya Dhar." caa.reviews, April 24, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3202/caa.reviews.2014.45.

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"Automated Error Detection Inreed-Solomon Encoders." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 9S3 (August 23, 2019): 690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.i3142.0789s319.

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Ree omon that is d-SolRS) c odes are mostly us e d to get and proper errors in transmission systems and also s torage de vices . The des igner should also just take into account the event of faults into the encoder and s ubs ys temswhe n RS codes are used for reliable systems . The s RS that is elf-checking enc architecture is presente d i n this paper . The RS encoder architecture age exploits some proper ties regarding the operations which can be arithmetic Galois Field (GF(2m)).Thes e properties are rel ate d to the parity of the bi nar y re presentation regarding the elements associated with the Galois Field.In this paper , enables i mplementing c oncurre mistake that is nttection s che me us eful for a wi de range of different decoding algorithms without any inter venti on in the decoder architecture. More over, performances in terms of area and delayoverhe advertisement for the propos e d ci rcuits are presente d.

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Cassinello, P. "Eduardo Torroja and industrialization of the machine à habiter, 1949-1961." Informes de la Construcción 60, no. 512 (December 12, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.08.031.

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