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Journal articles on the topic 'Archival Intervention'
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1
Frank, Chandra. "Sister Outsider and Audre Lorde in the Netherlands: On Transnational Queer Feminisms and Archival Methodological Practices." Feminist Review 121, no. 1 (March 2019): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0141778918818753.
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This article takes direction from the transnational feminist lesbian encounter that took place between the Dutch collective Sister Outsider and Audre Lorde in the 1980s to reflect on the role of archives within transnational feminist research. Drawing on archival materials from the International Archive for the Women’s Movement (IAV) at Atria (Institute on Gender Equality and Women’s History) in Amsterdam in the Netherlands, and the Audre Lorde Papers at Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia in the United States, I consider how fragmented archives offer stories on kinship, intimacy and loss. Taking into account the ‘absences’ and ‘presences’ (Lewis, 2017) produced in this archival research project, I propose an archival research methodology that is rooted in a practice of ‘orientation’ (Ahmed, 2006a, 2006b), ‘listening’ (Campt, 2017) and ‘intervention’ (Appadurai, 2003).
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Cho, Richard M. "Becoming an Imagined Record: Archival Intervention in Autofiction." American Archivist 83, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 268–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/0360-9081-83.2.268.
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ABSTRACT Human rights are intricately tied to the practice of archivists, and the imperative to address the silence of the archive has been discussed in archival scholarship. After examining the evolution of archival intervention in arts (films, novels, plays, etc.), this article analyses the narrative components of two novels—W. G. Sebald's Austerlitz (2001) and Valeria Luiselli's Lost Children Archive (2019)—and demonstrates that certain works of autofiction are uniquely fit to become “imagined records.” Through the lens of “archival reading,” the article reveals these novels' narrative traits, such as their tendency to rely heavily on photographs, maps, and other iconography; their use of a specific type of narrator; and their intention to supplement the silence of the archive, the characteristics that facilitate the construction of imagined records. By delineating the ways in which these traits were implemented in the creation of an imagined record, the article paves a way for more imagined records to come in the future. Rooted in real sociohistorical traumas, these two novels expand the notions of evidence and the forces that shape archival theory and practice.
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Esajas, Mitchell, and Jessica de Abreu. "The Black Archives: Exploring the Politics of Black Dutch Radicals." Open Cultural Studies 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 402–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2019-0034.
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Abstract In this article, the authors introduce “The Black Archives”—an alternative archive consisting of more than 8,000 books, official documents and artefacts. The archive is a critical intervention, challenging dominant historical narratives, which tend to downplay histories of colonialism, slavery and their legacy. The authors explore how archival research and art can be used to make visible the histories that have been marginalised in dominant historical narratives. This is done with a case study: an exhibition based on archival research on two Black radicals, Hermina and Otto Huiswoud. The research reveals the history of the black and Surinamese activism in the Netherlands which intersects with global histories of the black radicalism.
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Flores-Villalobos, Joan. "“Freak Letters”." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 23, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 34–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-7703266.
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This essay explores the archival presence of West Indian women in the archives of the Isthmian Canal Commission, the biggest repository of original documents regarding the construction of the Panama Canal. Using a 1909 photograph of a nude black West Indian woman found in a file labeled “Freak Letters,” it considers the difficulties of recovering historical subjects structured by imperial frameworks of productivity and perversity, tracing instead the counternarratives of mobility, affect, and self-determination that might have shaped this black woman’s life. Using this approach, the essay uncovers the archival logic behind “Freak Letters” and recreates the woman’s milieu, highlighting her mobility and diasporic connections. It argues that this woman’s embodied intervention simultaneously confirms and challenges the narratives of US empire that sexualized and limited her. Ultimately, the essay seeks to build an empathetic, archipelagic counterdiscourse as the basis for our explorations of subjects historically silenced or denigrated.
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Berisha, Fikrie. "Archives Management and Permanent Storage of Documents." Atlanti 25, no. 1 (October 19, 2015): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.25.1.153-161(2015).
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Modern digital archives are modern archives which in big computer devices (servers), preserve archived original document overlooking the moment is produced. Archives in Kosovo assessment of archival documents make in two directions. First; selection of classical documents (on paper) with the value to be transformed into digital documents, and second; selection of contemporary documents produced by institutions of computer and internet era. Management of these digital documents requires procedures and professional standards for its storage and processing by the archive, in order to be ready to serve researchers and interested parties. Access to digital documents should be fast, simple procedures, providing documentation from the penetration of ‘hackers’ and people badly intention. To fulfil its mission digital document should ensure and complement the appearance of the original document. Since the user does not have the option of intervention and change in the document. Should work in protect emblem, which protects the entire area of the document in the form of molten seal, which also shows the ownership of certain archive. Safety documentation and document base by external users will be able to organize, deposit and stored at three levels: Server (1) be stored (saved) archival documents for use by the applicant; Server (2) stored data of the first and simultaneously updates added by continuous processing of new documents; and Server (3) is not accessible from outside through digital network, but stored all digital archive documentation and from here there should be no often exit. In Server 3 only entered document and stored as recent bank. From there, the document will be drawn only if it is missing or damaged document on server 1 and 2.Thus, through this categorization could be provided for long time electronic documents (digital), until to new modern inventions of modern digitalization technology that would ensure the preservation of documents for the ‘real’ long-term or permanent time.
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Hamm, Jeremy M., Raymond P. Perry, Judith G. Chipperfield, Steve Hladkyj, Patti C. Parker, and Bernard Weiner. "Reframing Achievement Setbacks: A Motivation Intervention to Improve 8-Year Graduation Rates for Students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Fields." Psychological Science 31, no. 6 (May 6, 2020): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797620904451.
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Despite increased emphasis on educating students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, nearly half of U.S. college students who enroll in these programs fail to graduate with STEM degrees. Using archival data from the Motivation and Academic Achievement Database, we tested whether a motivation intervention to reframe causal attributions for academic setbacks improved graduation rates for college students in STEM disciplines ( N = 496). Results showed that the intervention increased the odds of 8-year graduation for students who were at risk of college dropout. Findings highlight the potential of theory-informed psychological interventions to increase persistence to graduation for at-risk students in STEM fields.
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Belle, La Vaughn, Tami Navarro, Hadiya Sewer, and Tiphanie Yanique. "Ancestral Queendom." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Informationsvidenskab og Kulturformidling 8, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntik.v7i2.118478.
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This article is written in what can be described as the “post-centennial” era, post 2017, the year marked by the 100th anniversary of the sale and transfer of the Virgin Islands from Denmark to the United States. 2017 marked a shift in the conversation around and between Denmark and its former colonies in the Caribbean, most notably the increasing access of Virgin Islanders to the millions of archival records that remain stored in Denmark as they began to emerge in online databases and temporarily in exhibitions. That year the Virgin Islands Studies Collective, a group of four women (La Vaughn Belle, Tami Navarro, Hadiya Sewer and Tiphanie Yanique) from the Virgin Islands and from various disciplinary backgrounds, also emerged with an intention to center not only the archive, but also archival access and the nuances of archival interpretation and intervention. This collaborative essay, Ancestral Queendom: Reflections on the Prison Records of the Rebel Queens of the 1878 Fireburn in St. Croix, USVI (formerly the Danish West Indies), is a direct engagement with the archives and archival production. Each member responds to one of the prison records of the four women taken to Denmark for their participation in the largest labor revolt in Danish colonial history. Their reflections combine elements of speculation, fiction, black feminitist theory and critique as modes of responding to the gaps and silences in the archive, as well as finding new questions to be asked.
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Campbell, Christina A., William Miller, Jordan Papp, Ashlee R. Barnes, Eyitayo Onifade, and Valerie R. Anderson. "Assessing Intervention Needs of Juvenile Probationers: An Application of Latent Profile Analysis to a Risk–Need–Responsivity Assessment Model." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 1 (September 15, 2018): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818796869.
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The assessment of criminogenic risk is critical in the prediction of future delinquency and the ability to provide appropriate services and interventions for youth offenders. The goal of this study was to determine whether using latent profile analysis (LPA) produced better risk classification profiles than traditional linear methods. Archival data were used to examine 1,263 male and female youth probationers. Criminogenic profiles were developed using the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory, a widely used juvenile risk assessment. LPA determined that there were three distinct profiles: Minimal Intervention Needs, Social Behavior and Social Bonding Needs, and Maximum Intervention Needs. The profiles that youth fit into differed across demographic variables such as gender, age, recidivism, and history of child maltreatment, but not minority status and offense type. This research may aid in addressing specific intervention needs of offenders.
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Leslie, Christopher, and Lindsay Anderberg. "Innovating with History: How an Archival Intervention Diminishes Snow�s �Dangerous� Divides." Double Helix: A Journal of Critical Thinking and Writing 3, no. 1 (2015): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37514/dbh-j.2015.3.1.05.
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Zachary, Paul, Kathleen Deloughery, and Alexander B. Downes. "No Business Like FIRC Business: Foreign-Imposed Regime Change and Bilateral Trade." British Journal of Political Science 47, no. 4 (August 3, 2015): 749–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123415000332.
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Scholars argue that states undertake foreign military interventions for economic reasons, yet few have investigated whether intervention produces economic benefits. This article answers this question in the context of US foreign-imposed regime changes (FIRCs) in Latin America. Because FIRCs install leaders who are sympathetic to the intervener’s interests, economic arguments maintain that these interventions should increase bilateral trade between the targets and imposing countries. Yet security-based arguments assert that FIRCs should have little economic effect, as regime changes target threats rather than generate economic benefits. A third perspective argues that FIRCs reduce trade by generating political instability, which causes foreign firms to cut back on their involvement and domestic firms to experience difficulty getting goods to market. To test these competing arguments, this study employs a novel dataset on bilateral trade (1873–2007) compiled through archival research in Washington, DC. Using a gravity model and synthetic controls, it finds that FIRC produces an average decrease of 45 per cent in the dollar value of bilateral trade. Further analysis of archival sector-level data and case studies cast doubt on alternate explanations.
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Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "Women, law and legal intervention in early modern Portugal." Continuity and Change 33, no. 3 (November 29, 2018): 293–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026841601800022x.
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AbstractEarly modern Portuguese women had the legal right to engage in a number of official transactions, including granting and receiving sureties and powers of attorney. This was not the case for women in many other parts of western Europe, making the Portuguese example worthy of scrutiny for comparative purposes. This article looks at the unique position of women in early modern Portugal, and shows that upon close examination of the archival sources, the evidence points to a significant gap between women's legal rights and the cultural limitations that were imposed on women.
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Welsh, Wayne N., Philip W. Harris, and Patricia H. Jenkins. "Reducing Overrepresentation of Minorities in Juvenile Justice: Development of Community-Based Programs in Pennsylvania." Crime & Delinquency 42, no. 1 (January 1996): 76–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128796042001005.
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Although minority overrepresentation in juvenile justice settings has been identified as a persistent problem, interventions are scarce. To address minority overrepresentation in its juvenile justice system, Pennsylvania funded nine community-based intervention programs. This article describes a systematic model that provides an active role for program staff in program assessment and development prior to the design of outcome evaluations. Using archival, interview, and observational methods, we conducted evaluability assessments and process evaluations of each program. These formative evaluations provided essential information to strengthen community-based program planning, implementation, and impact assessment.
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VIZCARRA, CATALINA. "Bourbon Intervention in the Peruvian Tobacco Industry, 1752–1813." Journal of Latin American Studies 39, no. 3 (July 26, 2007): 567–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x07002842.
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AbstractDuring the second half of the eighteenth century the Spanish Crown monopolised the tobacco industry in its American colonies, creating vertically integrated organisations which included factories for the production of cigars and cigarettes. A detailed analysis of the regulations, organisation and policies applied during the Peruvian viceroyalty suggests that Bourbon officials were effective managers. The monopoly was successful at curbing contraband and extracting rents. The evolution of monopoly policies, however, reflected political constraints on the Crown's efforts to raise revenues. The archival evidence suggests that Bourbon officials closed the tobacco factories in Peru in 1791 as a result of public opposition.
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Elder, John P., Nadia R. Campbell, Jeanette I. Candelaria, Gregory A. Talavera, Joni A. Mayer, Carmen Moreno, Yvonne R. Medel, and Geanne K. Lyons. "Project Salsa: Development and Institutionalization of a Nutritional Health Promotion Project in a Latino Community." American Journal of Health Promotion 12, no. 6 (July 1998): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-12.6.391.
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Purpose. Project Salsa was a community-based effort seeking to promote health through nutritional behavior change in a Latino community of San Diego, California. The purpose of this article is to report on program factors related to long-term institutionalization of Project Salsa interventions. Design. Project Salsa was a demonstration rather than an experimental project. To ensure maximum sensitivity to the needs and values of the community, Project Salsa began with an extensive health needs assessment, including development of an advisory council, telephone survey, archival research, and key informant interviews. Setting. Project Salsa interventions took place in San Ysidro, California, located near the U.S.-Mexico border adjacent to Tijuana from 1987 to 1992. Subjects. The intervention community had 14,500 residents, of which nearly 83% were Latino. Interventions. Interventions included coronary heart disease risk factor screenings, meal preparation classes, newspaper columns, point-of-purchase education, school health and cafeteria programs, and breast-feeding promotion. Measures. Institutionalization of intervention components. Results. Two of the interventions, the risk factor screenings and school health programs, are still in operation 4 years after the end of project funding. Conclusions. Four factors common to institutionalized components are presented in the paper.
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Geraghty, Ruth. "Data Curator in the Middle: Curating Data for a Diverse Community of Stakeholders." International Journal of Digital Curation 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v15i1.706.
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The Prevention and Early Intervention Research Initiative is an archiving project to preserve the data and reports that were generated by twelve years of philanthropic and state investment into prevention and early intervention approaches in the children and youth sector in Ireland and Northern Ireland. The investment resulted in an extensive collection of evaluation data and reports, which collectively provide an evidence base for continued investment into PEI programmes that are shown to be effective. In 2016, the Prevention and Early Intervention Research Initiative (PEI-RI) was established to preserve the outputs from these evaluations in the national data archives, as a publicly available evidence base. The political and social significance of this collection is manifest in the range of stakeholder groups that the project is engaging with, including the community and not-for-profit organisations that operated the PEI programmes, the research teams from academic institutions that evaluated these programmes, and representatives from government departments that co-funded many of these programmes with Atlantic.
This paper tells the story of the PEI-RI archiving project, describing the steps we’ve taken since 2016 to preserve and promote the PEI data. During the course of the project we realised that it would not be enough to provide access to the data alone, as "[g]enerating and collating the evidence is of no use if it never reaches the commissioners and professionals who need it" (What Works Network, 2014, pp. 6). In the second phase of our project we are creating a range of resources for practitioner and decision maker audiences which provide a pathway to the data using the archival infrastructure.
The project provides a case study of curating a digital collection that is intended for multiple stakeholders with different expectations of the archived material. The PEI-RI data curator is located in the middle of a triad of data creators, data consumers and data archives, and is tasked with balancing the interests, expectations and limitations of each.
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Mohamad, Eizuddin, and Nor Hayati Saad. "Ergonomics Intervention in Indoor Spectrum Measurement Activities." Applied Mechanics and Materials 899 (June 2020): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.899.230.
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Engineers in the communication and multimedia industries in Malaysia exposed to the risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. A comprehensive study was conducted to perform ergonomic studies for indoor spectrum measurement activity to improve productivity and occupational safety and health. The study consisted of two phases, where the participative assessments and direct observations were conducted on 17 engineers. In the first phase, the indoor spectrum measurement problem identification was performed by using the portable and handheld spectrum analyser. The questionnaire, body part assessments and archival operation records were investigated. In the second phase, the ergonomics intervention was introduced with a low-cost trolley that removed the work-related musculoskeletal disorders from the engineers. The same test subject, environments, work procedures and evaluation method in phase one were repeated in phase two. The analysis was done by comparing the findings between both phases through statistical analysis, and the significant improvements of ergonomic interventions were identified. The outcome of the study concluded that the analysis and results meet the main objective.
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Nelson. "Reanimating Archiving/Archival Corporealities: Deploying “Big Ears” in De Rigueur Mortis Intervention." QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking 1, no. 2 (2014): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/qed.1.2.0132.
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Laderman, Scott. "Hollywood's Vietnam, 1929––1964: Scripting Intervention, Spotlighting Injustice." Pacific Historical Review 78, no. 4 (November 1, 2009): 578–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2009.78.4.578.
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Before 1965 and the introduction of the .rst of.cial American combat troops, the political unrest and revolutionary insurgency in Vietnam had already appeared in nearly a dozen Hollywood .lms. Yet while the anti-communist politics of these productions was predictable, it would be a mistake to view them as mere vehicles for Cold War propaganda. Although they served that obvious function, early American filmmakers who set their pictures in Vietnam also constructed the area as a childlike place in need of U.S. tutelage and instruction. At the same time, Vietnam became, by the 1950s, ironically transformed into a site of contestation over American values, especially with respect to race and gender. Drawing on rare prints of these early motion pictures, as well as numerous archival documents, this article spotlights the Indochinese conflict that was screened in the decades before Hollywood, in the 1970s and 1980s, began to perhaps forever reimage the war in American memory.
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Pederson, Casey A., Paula J. Fite, Pam D. Weigand, Holly Myers, and Leigh Housman. "Implementation of a Behavioral Intervention in a Juvenile Detention Center: Do Individual Characteristics Matter?" International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 64, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19872627.
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A sample of 129 (73% male) youth admitted consecutively into a juvenile detention center were used to examine individual characteristics that contribute the implementation of a behavioral intervention within a juvenile detention center. Given that a system of rewards and punishments is considered the mechanism of change within many behavioral interventions, individuals risk characteristics (i.e., proactive and reactive aggression, behavioral inhibition, subsystems of behavioral activation, callous–unemotional traits, perceived containment) were examined in relation to the rewards (i.e., positive feedback) and punishments (i.e., fines) used by the facility. Data were collected via structured interviews with youth and archival data. The number of days youth spent in detention was the only predictor of positive feedback received. Number of days in detention, sex, and race were related to fines. Behavioral activation drive was the only individual characteristic related to fines. Implications of findings are discussed.
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Frost, Kyle M., Jessica Brian, Grace W. Gengoux, Antonio Hardan, Sarah R. Rieth, Aubyn Stahmer, and Brooke Ingersoll. "Identifying and measuring the common elements of naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions for autism spectrum disorder: Development of the NDBI-Fi." Autism 24, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 2285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320944011.
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Naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions for young children with autism spectrum disorder share key elements. However, the extent of similarity and overlap in techniques among naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention models has not been quantified, and there is no standardized measure for assessing the implementation of their common elements. This article presents a multi-stage process which began with the development of a taxonomy of elements of naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions. Next, intervention experts identified the common elements of naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions using quantitative methods. An observational rating scheme of those common elements, the eight-item NDBI-Fi, was developed. Finally, preliminary analyses of the reliability and the validity of the NDBI-Fi were conducted using archival data from randomized controlled trials of caregiver-implemented naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions, including 87 post-intervention caregiver–child interaction videos from five sites, as well as 29 pre–post video pairs from two sites. Evaluation of the eight-item NDBI-Fi measure revealed promising psychometric properties, including evidence supporting adequate reliability, sensitivity to change, as well as concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity. Results lend support to the utility of the NDBI-Fi as a measure of caregiver implementation of common elements across naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention models. With additional validation, this unique measure has the potential to advance intervention science in autism spectrum disorder by providing a tool which cuts across a class of evidence-based interventions. Lay abstract Naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions for young children with autism spectrum disorder share key elements. However, the extent of similarity between programs within this class of evidence-based interventions is unknown. There is also currently no tool that can be used to measure the implementation of their common elements. This article presents a multi-stage process which began with defining all intervention elements of naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions. Next, intervention experts identified the common elements of naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions using a survey. An observational rating scheme of those common elements, the eight-item NDBI-Fi, was developed. We evaluated the quality of the NDBI-Fi using videos from completed trials of caregiver-implemented naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions. Results showed that the NDBI-Fi measure has promise; it was sensitive to change, related to other similar measures, and demonstrated adequate agreement between raters. This unique measure has the potential to advance intervention science in autism spectrum disorder by providing a tool to measure the implementation of common elements across naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention models. Given that naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions have numerous shared strategies, this may ease clinicians’ uncertainty about choosing the “right” intervention package. It also suggests that there may not be a need for extensive training in more than one naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention. Future research should determine whether these common elements are part of other treatment approaches to better understand the quality of services children and families receive as part of usual care.
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Abdel-Ghani, Taher. "Film Intervention in Public Space. A Phylogenetic Spatial Change." Journal of Public Space, Vol. 5 n. 4 (December 1, 2020): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v5i4.1384.
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Cinema has taken up the role of a social agent that introduced a variety of images and events to the public during critical times. This paper proposes the idea of using films as a tool to reclaim public space where a sense of belonging and dialogue restore to a meaningful place. During the January 2011 protests in Egypt, Tahrir Cinema, an independent revolutionary project composed of filmmakers and other artists, offered a space in Downtown Cairo and screened archival footage of the ongoing events to the protestors igniting civic debate and discussions. The traditional public space has undergone what Karl Kropf refers to as the phylogenetic change, i.e. form and function that is agreed upon by society and represents a common conception of certain spatial elements. Hence, the framework that this research will follow is a two-layer discourse, the existence of cinema in public spaces, and the existence of public spaces in cinema. Eventually, the paper seeks to enhance the social relationship between society, spaces, and cinematic narration – a vital tool to raise awareness about the right to the city.
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Ranganathan, Sumitra. "Reimagining the archive as thick sound: A case study of Dhrupad from Bettiah and beyond." Indian Theatre Journal 4, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/itj_00005_1.
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The ephemerality of music is a consuming philosophical problem; it is also a practical dilemma for archivists and researchers. For oral traditions such as Indian classical music, notations, recordings and transcriptions fail to capture much of what is communicated in musical performance, which problematizes the creation and function of archives. This article explores an approach to archiving musical practices in relation to constitutive processes of emplacement, a complex I denote by the term ‘thick sound’. Using a rich and historic Dhrupad tradition as a case study, I discuss how I used documentary, material, aural, embodied and sensory performance data to construct my archive. I investigate the ways in which such documentation captures ecologies of music-making and the challenges posed for the analysis of histories of (thick) sound. I conclude by discussing the implications for theorizing archival work as active intervention, mediating relationships of past, present and future.
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Kalinovsky, Artemy. "Decision-Making and the Soviet War in Afghanistan: From Intervention to Withdrawal." Journal of Cold War Studies 11, no. 4 (October 2009): 46–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2009.11.4.46.
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The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan sparked acute Cold War tensions. The war soon became an undesirable distraction and burden for Soviet leaders, who did not expect to spend most of the 1980s propping up a client regime in Kabul. Drawing on archival sources and interviews, this article traces Soviet decision-making from the intervention in late 1979 to the final withdrawal in early 1989. The article shows that the supporters of the Soviet intervention believed that Soviet military and economic aid efforts were making progress and should not be aborted early. They warned that a premature withdrawal would undermine Soviet prestige in the Third World. Before Mikhail Gorbachev came to power and to some extent afterward, the supporters of intervention were usually able to silence or sideline their critics through deft political maneuvering.
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Маметьев, Илья Валерьевич, and Ilia Valerievich Mametev. "Russian historiography about purposes of Soviet policy in the Korean peninsula before war of 1950-1953." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2019, no. 2 (November 19, 2019): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2019-2-31-36.
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The article highlights the goals and objectives of the USSR policy on the Korean Peninsula on the eve of the war of 1950–1953. The analysis of the Soviet and Russian historiography has been carried out; the conclusions are drawn about the divergence of the researchers’ viewpoints on the Soviet Union’s intervention in the Korean conflict. It is noted that researchers
of the USSR were not able to access archival sources and mainly used official data from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which in many cases did not correspond to reality. The Russian authors, who did not completely turn down the ideas of Soviet historiography, were given the
opportunity to use the archival materials. The basic ideas of the works of the expert studying the Korean history (Yu.V. Vanin, A.S. Orlov, D.V. Solin, S.O. Kurbanova, etc.) have been analyzed.
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Downing, Melissa, Michael Jones, Cathy Humphreys, Gavan McCarthy, Cate O’Neill, and Rachel Tropea. "An educative intervention: assisting in the self-assessment of archival practice in 12 community service organisations." Archives and Manuscripts 41, no. 2 (July 2013): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01576895.2013.810552.
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Pondy, Louis R., and Larry E. Pate. "A Longitudinal Field Study of the Intervention Process Using Archival Measures of Employee Absenteeism and Turnover." Journal of Organizational Change Management 2, no. 2 (February 1989): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000001181.
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Guo, Wei, Yun Fang, Weimei Pan, and Dekun Li. "Archives as a trusted third party in maintaining and preserving digital records in the cloud environment." Records Management Journal 26, no. 2 (July 18, 2016): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-07-2015-0028.
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Purpose This paper aims to present a case wherein a public archive intervenes in maintaining and preserving digital records (including underlying technological infrastructure) created by a private company to protect the trustworthiness of records, thereby helping the company to discharge their accountability. Design/methodology/approach This paper details the intervention of Tianjin Municipal Archives in the management of the records of Tianjin Otis Elevator Co., Ltd, the technical infrastructure that enables and supports such configuration, the issues encountered and the theoretical implications of this case. Findings This case suggests that not only does the concept of archives as a trusted third party remain relevant in the changing technological environment but also, in certain cases (e.g. wherein the supplier of evidentiary documents holds a monopoly over an industry), archives are becoming increasingly critical in maintaining the reliability and authenticity of digital records in the cloud environment. Research limitations/implications Given the challenges raised by the emerging cloud environment, it is vital to develop a renewed understanding of the concept of archives as a trusted third party, the relationship between archives and commercial third party services and the relationship between public archives and private records. Furthermore, this case identifies the need to re-examine archival methodologies to protect the authenticity of structured data. Originality/value This case exemplifies how archives can help private organizations address issues related to guaranteeing and demonstrating the evidential nature of digital records and provides empirical evidence for archives being conceptualized as a trusted third party in maintaining and preserving digital records.
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Friedman, Max Paul, and Tom Long. "Soft Balancing in the Americas: Latin American Opposition to U.S. Intervention, 1898–1936." International Security 40, no. 1 (July 2015): 120–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00212.
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In the aftermath of the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, scholars of international relations debated how to best characterize the rising tide of global opposition. The concept of “soft balancing” emerged as an influential, though contested, explanation of a new phenomenon in a unipolar world: states seeking to constrain the ability of the United States to deploy military force by using multinational organizations, international law, and coalition building. Soft balancing can also be observed in regional unipolar systems. Multinational archival research reveals how Argentina, Mexico, and other Latin American countries responded to expanding U.S. power and military assertiveness in the early twentieth century through coordinated diplomatic maneuvering that provides a strong example of soft balancing. Examination of this earlier case makes an empirical contribution to the emerging soft-balancing literature and suggests that soft balancing need not lead to hard balancing or open conflict.
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Clayton, Karley, Roger D. Wessel, Jim McAtee, and William E. Knight. "KEY Careers: Increasing Retention and Graduation Rates With Career Interventions." Journal of Career Development 46, no. 4 (March 26, 2018): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845318763972.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate how promoting participation in KEY Careers, a career intervention program available to all incoming matriculates, influenced 1-year retention and 4-year graduation rates compared to nonparticipants at a singular institution. Archival data of 14,099 matriculates from the 2011–2014 freshman fall cohorts were utilized to examine the significance of a career intervention program on 1-year retention and 4-year graduation rates for various student demographics through an analysis of covariance. The results of this study suggest student participation in a career intervention program causes a statistically significant increase in 1-year retention and 4-year graduation rates regardless of gender or race. The discussion of this study is focused on why vocational identity development is significant at the beginning of the college experience and includes suggestions for how university administration can proactively infuse career development into their practices to benefit students of all backgrounds.
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Rhodes, Scott D., Lilli Mann-Jackson, Jorge Alonzo, Jennifer Nall, Florence M. Simán, Eunyoung Y. Song, Manuel Garcia, Amanda E. Tanner, and Eugenia Eng. "Harnessing “Scale-Up and Spread” to Support Community Uptake of the HoMBReS por un Cambio Intervention for Spanish-Speaking Men: Implementation Science Lessons Learned by a CBPR Partnership." American Journal of Men's Health 14, no. 4 (July 2020): 155798832093893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988320938939.
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Latinx men in the southern United States are affected disproportionately by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, few evidence-based prevention interventions exist to promote health equity within this population. Developed by a well-established community-based participatory research partnership, the HoMBReS por un Cambio intervention decreases sexual risk among Spanish-speaking, predominately heterosexual Latinx men who are members of recreational soccer teams in the United States. Scale-up and spread, an implementation science framework, was used to study the implementation of this evidence-based community-level intervention within three community organizations that represent typical community-based providers of HIV and STI prevention interventions (i.e., an AIDS service organization, a Latinx-serving organization, and a county public health department). Archival and interview data were analyzed, and 24 themes emerged that mapped onto the 12 scale-up and spread constructs. Themes included the importance of strong and attentive leadership, problem-solving challenges early, an established relationship between innovation developers and implementers, organizational capacity able to effectively work with men, trust building, timelines and incremental deadlines, clear and simple guidance regarding all aspects of implementation, appreciating the context (e.g., immigration-related rhetoric, policies, and actions), recognizing men’s competing priorities, and delineated supervision responsibilities. Scale-up and spread was a useful framework to understand multisite implementation of a sexual risk reduction intervention for Spanish-speaking, predominately heterosexual Latinx men. Further research is needed to identify how constructs, like those within scale-up and spread, affect the process across the implementation continuum, given that the uptake and implementation of an innovation is a process, not an event.
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Vanderslott, Samantha, Maile T. Phillips, Virginia E. Pitzer, and Claas Kirchhelle. "Water and Filth: Reevaluating the First Era of Sanitary Typhoid Intervention (1840–1940)." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_5 (October 15, 2019): S377—S384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz610.
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Abstract While typhoid fever remains an important cause of illness in many low- and middle-income countries, important insights can be learned by exploring the historical experience with typhoid fever in industrialized countries. We used archival research to examine British and American attempts to control typhoid via sanitary interventions from the 1840s to 1940s. First, we assess how varying perceptions of typhoid and conflicts of interest led to a nonlinear evolution of control attempts in Oxford, United Kingdom. Our qualitative analysis shows how professional rivalries and tensions between Oxford’s university and citizens (“gown and town”), as well as competing theories of typhoid proliferation stalled sanitary reform until the provision of cheap external credit created cross-party alliances at the municipal level. Second, we use historical mortality data to evaluate and quantify the impact of individual sanitary measures on typhoid transmission in major US cities. Together a historiographic and epidemiological study of past interventions provides insights for the planning of future sanitary programs.
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Soliman, Hussein, and Sherry Cable. "Sinking under the weight of corruption: Neoliberal reform, political accountability and justice." Current Sociology 59, no. 6 (October 20, 2011): 735–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392111419748.
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The United Nations adopted the 2003 Convention Against Corruption to reduce corruption in developing nations. Corruption’s determinants include political systems’ permeability to economic influence, state economic intervention, weak political competition and officials’ discretionary power to allocate resources. Corruption’s outcomes are slowed economic development, misallocation of government resources, income inequalities and, less frequently, disasters. Using archival and interview data, this article documents corruption’s shaping of the 2006 sinking of an Egyptian ferry in the Red Sea, which killed 1034; high-level corruption not only caused the disaster but exacerbated its impacts. The study’s findings confirm much of the empirical literature but contradict assertions that corruption is associated with high levels of government intervention in the economy. Based on the findings, the article gives a critique of neoliberal reform that associates it with high-level corruption.
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Guerin, Bernard, Daniel Palmer, and Rachel Brace. "Pre- and Post-session Assessments: Problems and Recommendations." Behaviour Change 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2001): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.18.1.1.
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AbstractWe discuss two common ways that assessment tests or probes have been given in relation to training during applied behavioural interventions when continuous assessment is not possible. With pre-session assessment, target behaviours are tested immediately before training sessions; with post-session assessment, target behaviours are tested immediately after training sessions. Although they are not optimal methods for testing performance, such assessments are not rare, and archival data on the incidence of these two methods for JABA publications in the period 1993 to 1996 show that about 25% of research articles use one or both of these methods. The distinction between pre- and post-session assessment is important because the two methods influence the interpretation of data, and the decision to move to the next phase of an intervention. This influence is illustrated with a comparison between two studies of correspondence training. We then discuss the different positive and negative aspects of each assessment type, and two new methodologies are developed that retain the positive aspects of each assessment type. The final recommendation when such designs are necessary is a new method in which a criterion of three correct post-session assessments is reached first, followed by three correct pre-session assessments, before moving into the next phase of intervention.
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Safran, Stephen P., and Karen Oswald. "Positive Behavior Supports: Can Schools Reshape Disciplinary Practices?" Exceptional Children 69, no. 3 (April 2003): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440290306900307.
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This literature review examines the use of school-based positive behavior support (PBS), an alternative to traditional disciplinary practices that includes databased decision making and team collaboration. First, the role of archival data in planning intervention priorities is examined. Next, efficacy research focusing on the three types of PBS is evaluated: schoolwide (universal), specific setting, and individual student levels. Overall, findings were positive across all types of PBS, validating implementation of these research-based practices. This review concludes with a discussion of directions for future research and implications for practice.
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Sparapani, Nicole, Emily Solari, Laurel Towers, Nancy McIntyre, Alyssa Henry, and Matthew Zajic. "Secondary Analysis of Reading-Based Activities Utilizing a Scripted Language Approach: Evaluating Interactions Between Students With Autism and Their Interventionists." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 3130–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00146.
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Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit challenges with reading development. Evidence-based interventions and specialized approaches to reading instruction are currently being implemented across educational contexts for learners with ASD ( Machalicek et al., 2008 ), yet there is limited understanding of how core ASD features may impact effective delivery of instruction and student participation. We begin to address this need by evaluating the reciprocity between instructional talk and student participation within a reading intervention utilizing a scripted language approach that was being piloted on students with ASD. Method This study used archival video-recorded observations from the beginning of a reading intervention to examine the interactions between 20 students (18 boys, two girls) with ASD (7–11 years old, M = 9.10, SD = 1.74) and their interventionists ( n = 7). Lag sequential analysis was used to examine the frequency of student initiations and responses following the interventionists' use of responsive, open-ended, closed-ended, and directive language. Results Findings describe the types of and illustrate the variability in interactions between students and their interventionists, as well as highlight language categories that are linked to student participation. Conclusions These data provide a snapshot of the nature and quality of interactions between students with ASD and their interventionists. Findings suggest that delivery of instruction, including the language that interventionists use, may be an important area of focus when evaluating the effectiveness of reading-based practices across educational settings for learners with ASD, even within the confines of highly structured interventions.
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Sorić, Sofija. "Prilog poznavanju kuće Nassis u Zadru: podjela kuće iz 1488. godine." Ars Adriatica 7, no. 1 (December 19, 2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.1391.
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This paper focuses on the Nassis house in Zadar in relation to an archival document on the division of the house in 1488. The Nassis house belongs to the group of well-preserved patrician houses from the late 15th and early 16th centuries. A series of data gathered from the document confirm that the house was renovated shortly before the division, the most important intervention being the new monoforium in the front façade, work of Marko Andrijić. New discoveries about the house are largely related to the inner articulation of space and to its functional and property structures.
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Beard, Lauren. "Archival Artistry: Exploring Disability Aesthetics in Late Twentieth Century Higher Education." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 9, no. 5 (December 18, 2020): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v9i5.691.
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Jay Dolmage’s (2014) Disability Rhetoric encourages scholars to search beyond normative Aristolean bounds of rhetoric and embrace a critical lens of rhetorical activity as embodied, and disability as an inalienable aspect of said embodiment (p. 289). To that end, this project posits an innovative structure for rhetorically (re)analyzing disability history in higher education through a framework of disability aesthetics. In Academic Ableism, Jay Dolmage (2017) argues that an institution’s aesthetic ideologies and architecture denote a rhetorical agenda of ableism. In Disability Aesthetics, Tobin Siebers (2010) asserts disability is a vital aspect of aesthetic interpretation. Both works determine that disability has always held a crucial, critical role in the production and consumption of aestheticism, as it invites able-bodied individuals to consider the dynamic, nonnormative instantiations of the human body as a social, civic issue (p. 2). Disability, therefore, has the power to reinvigorate the sociorhetorical impact of both aesthetic representation and the human experience writ large. With this framework in mind, this project arranges an archival historiography of disability history in higher education in the late twentieth century at a mid-sized U.S. state institution. During this time, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act was finally signed into law, and universities confronted a legal demand to allow all students access. Ultimately, this project seeks to demonstrate how disability scholars and historiographers can widen the view of both disability history and disability rhetoric in higher education through a focus on student aesthetic performance and intervention.
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Biswas, Bidisha. "Just Say No: Explaining the Lack of International Mediation in Kashmir." International Negotiation 22, no. 3 (October 5, 2017): 499–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-23011118.
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AbstractThe dispute between India and Pakistan over Kashmir is one of the world’s most protracted and potentially dangerous conflicts. While the international community has strong interest in limiting violent conflagration between the two states, third party action aimed at amelioration has been very limited. This contrasts with overall global mediation efforts, which have increased in the post-Cold War period. Using archival research, this study explores the reasons for the Government of India’s implacable opposition to any external intervention in the conflict. We argue that both strategic and ideational motivations have influenced its decisions. In particular, India’s strict adherence to the principle of strategic autonomy precludes the possibility of accepting external mediation. By exploring how and why strategic and ideational motivations intersect to become a formidable barrier to third party intervention, this article contributes to our understanding of why certain countries develop resistance to mediation.
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Blankenship, Peter, David DeLaRosa, Marc Burris, Steven Cusson, Kayla Hendricks, Christopher Earwood, Suzanne Fields Jones, et al. "Dedicated clinical trial tissue tracking database to improve turn-around time at high-volume center." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.1543.
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1543 Background: Tissue requirements in oncology clinical trials are increasingly complex due to prescreening protocols for patient selection and serial biopsies to understand molecular-level treatment effects. Novel solutions for tissue processing are necessary for timely tissue procurement. Based on these needs, we developed a Tissue Tracker (TT), a comprehensive database for study-related tissue tasks at our high-volume clinical trial center. Methods: In this Microsoft Access database, patients are assigned an ID within the TT that is associated with their name, medical record number, and study that follows their request to external users: pathology departments, clinical trial coordinators and data team members. To complete tasks in the TT, relevant information is required to update the status. Due to the high number of archival tissue requests from unique pathology labs, the TT has a “Follow-Up Dashboard” that organizes information needed to conduct follow-up on all archival samples with the status “Requested”. This results in an autogenerated email and pdf report sent to necessary teams. The TT also includes a kit inventory system and a real-time read only version formatted for interdepartmental communication, metric reporting, and other data-driven efforts. The primary outcome in this study was to evaluate our average turnaround time (ATAT: average time from request to shipment) for archival and fresh tissue samples before and after TT development. Results: Before implementing the TT, between March 2016 and March 2018, we processed 2676 archival requests from 235 unique source labs resulting in 2040 shipments with an ATAT of 19.29 days. We also processed 1099 fresh biopsies resulting in 944 shipments with an ATAT of 7.72 days. After TT implementation, between April 2018 and April 2020, we processed 2664 archival requests from 204 unique source labs resulting in 2506 shipments (+28.0%) with an ATAT of 14.78 days (-23.4%). During that same period, we processed 1795 fresh biopsies (+63.3%) resulting in 2006 shipments (+112.5%) with an ATAT of 6.85 days (-11.3%). Conclusions: Oncology clinical trials continue to evolve toward more extensive tissue requirements for prescreening and scientific exploration of on-treatment molecular profiling. Timely results are required to optimize patient trial participation. During the intervention period, our tissue sample volume and shipments increased, but the development and implementation of an automated tracking system allowed improvement in ATAT of both archival and fresh tissue. This automation not only improves end-user expectations and experiences for patients and trial sponsors but this allows our team to adapt to the increasing interest in tissue exploration.
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Munkholm, Johan Lau. "The Pursuit of Full Spectrum Dominance: The Archives of the NSA." Surveillance & Society 18, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v18i2.13266.
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This article explores the archives of the National Security Agency (NSA) and the inherent logic vested in the agency’s management of them. By drawing on Derrida’s conception of the archive and the compulsion to administer and complete it, this article suggests that the data collection practices, as well as the rhetoric, of the NSA indicate a specific logic of gathering and organizing data that presents a fantasy of perfect surveillance and pre-emptive intervention that stretches into the future to cancel emergent threats. To contextualize an understanding of the archival practices of the NSA within a wider conquest for complete security and US hegemony, this article outlines the US Department of Defense’s vision for full spectrum dominance, stressing that a show of force is exercised according to a logic of appropriate response that ranges from soft to hard power. As an organization that produces knowledge and risk factors based on data collection, the NSA is considered a central actor for understanding the US security regime’s increasing propensity for data-based surveillance that is fundamentally structured around the data center: a specific kind of archive.
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KAMPMANN, CHRISTOPH. "THE ENGLISH CRISIS, EMPEROR LEOPOLD, AND THE ORIGINS OF THE DUTCH INTERVENTION IN 1688." Historical Journal 55, no. 2 (May 10, 2012): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x1200012x.
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ABSTRACTRecent scholarly debate about the Glorious Revolution has put renewed focus on the fear of a new aggressive Catholic confessionalism that was widespread among English and European Protestants. One important example is the threat of an imminent French-led joint Catholic aggression against the Netherlands and other Protestant states. This fear was shared by William of Orange and contributed to his decision to risk invading England in the autumn of 1688. Thanks to new archival sources, it is clear that Emperor Leopold contributed substantially to increasing this fear. In July 1688, the imperial government informed William of Orange about unprecedented French offers to Leopold to win over the emperor for a new Catholic alliance. Almost certainly these offers were fictitious, but nevertheless they had an alarming effect on William: he was convinced that an autonomous, ‘uncontrolled’ development in England (regardless of whether it would lead to a ‘popish’ despotism or to a Protestant republic) would only benefit France and should be avoided in this decisive situation. Consequently, after July 1688 William and his diplomats repeatedly referred to the supposed ‘indiscretions’ from Vienna to demonstrate the necessity of intervening in England.
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Cruz González, Cristina. "Mexican Instauration: Devotion and Transformation in New Spain." Religion and the Arts 18, no. 1-2 (2014): 87–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-01801006.
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This article interrogates the devotional histories and archival evidence related to Our Lady of Angels in Tecaxic and Tlatelolco. Both Marian paintings survived lengthy periods of neglect and dilapidated shrines. Throughout the late colonial period, the Franciscan Order and church elites exploited the notions of “incorruptibility” and “ruined spaces” in their desire to regulate piety and rogue religiosity. (In)corruptibility delineated the divine and sanctioned official intervention. Yet official support never proved enough—both histories draw our attention to the politics of patronage and the complex task of renovation and instauration; they ultimately demonstrate the instability of sanctuary structures and the precarious nature of icon devotion.
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Faber, Jacob W. "We Built This: Consequences of New Deal Era Intervention in America’s Racial Geography." American Sociological Review 85, no. 5 (August 21, 2020): 739–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122420948464.
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The contemporary practice of homeownership in the United States was born out of government programs adopted during the New Deal. The Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)—and later the Federal Housing Administration and GI Bill—expanded home buying opportunity, although in segregationist fashion. Through mechanisms such as redlining, these policies fueled white suburbanization and black ghettoization, while laying the foundation for the racial wealth gap. This is the first article to investigate the long-term consequences of these policies on the segregation of cities. I combine a full century of census data with archival data to show that cities HOLC appraised became more segregated than those it ignored. The gap emerged between 1930 and 1950 and remains significant: in 2010, the black-white dissimilarity, black isolation, and white-black information theory indices are 12, 16, and 8 points higher in appraised cities, respectively. Results are consistent across a range of robustness checks, including exploitation of imperfect implementation of appraisal guidelines and geographic spillover. These results contribute to current theoretical discussions about the persistence of segregation. The long-term impact of these policies is a reminder of the intentionality that shaped racial geography in the United States, and the scale of intervention that will be required to disrupt the persistence of segregation.
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Jensen, Andrew E., Melissa Laird, Jason T. Jameson, and Karen R. Kelly. "Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Injuries Sustained During Marine Corps Recruit Training." Military Medicine 184, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2019): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy387.
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Abstract Musculoskeletal injuries cost the U.S. Marine Corps approximately $111 million and 356,000 lost duty days annually. Information identifying the most common types of injuries and events leading to their cause would help target mitigation efforts. The purpose of this effort was to conduct an archival data review of injuries and events leading to injury during recruit training. An archival dataset of Marine recruits from 2011 to 2016 was reviewed and included 43,004 observations from 28,829 unique individuals. Injuries were classified as mild, moderate, and severe and categorized into new overuse, preexisting overuse, and traumatic. Injury classification and categorization were stratified by event in which the injury occurred. The majority of injuries were due to overuse, and the most common types were sprains, strains, iliotibial band syndrome, and stress fractures, which constituted over 40% of all injuries. Conditioning hikes were the primary event leading to injury, with 31% of all injuries occurring during this training; running claimed 12%. Most injuries sustained during basic training comprised sprains and strains. Marines who remained uninjured during basic training outperformed those who reported at least one injury on fitness tests. These results point to enhanced conditioning as a potential entry point to target future intervention efforts.
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Marronage. "Marronage is Resistance Against the Colonizer’s Construction of History." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Informationsvidenskab og Kulturformidling 8, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntik.v7i2.118484.
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The contribution is an intervention into the book Kolonierne i Vestindien [The Colonies in the West Indies] (1980) by Danish historian Ove Hornby. Pointing to the limitations and biases of Hornby's account of the St. Croix Fireburn labor revolt of 1878, the contribution is an implicit critique of the way archival sources have been put to use within the discipline of history writing in attempts to delegitimise anti-colonial resistance. It is with some ambivalence that we have chosen to also include an English translation of the Hornby text as well as our annotations, and thereby reproduce the very language we are critiquing. However, these translations have been important in order to ensure greater accessibility to a USVI readership.
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Wark, Stuart. "Counselling Support for People with Intellectual Disabilities: The Use of Narrative Therapy." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 18, no. 1 (July 2012): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jrc.2012.6.
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This article uses a descriptive case study design to examine the potential of narrative therapy as a direct intervention for adults with moderate-to-severe intellectual disabilities, autism and/or severe communication limitations. Archival clinical data on four individuals who received a form of social constructionist narrative therapy are examined for goal attainment. The data were analysed qualitatively with specific input from individuals, their families and carers. Findings indicate improvements in quality of life through reductions in situational and environmental anxieties, and in coping with grief and loss. The results suggest that narrative therapy techniques can be beneficial in assisting individuals with severe intellectual disability to achieve meaningful and persistent improvements in their life.
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WALRAVEN, KLAAS VAN. "DECOLONIZATION BY REFERENDUM: THE ANOMALY OF NIGER AND THE FALL OF SAWABA, 1958–1959." Journal of African History 50, no. 2 (July 2009): 269–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853709990053.
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ABSTRACTThis article deals with the 1958 referendum that the French held in Niger to gain approval for the Fifth Republic and reorganization of their empire. It reassesses the French record in Niger, where more people voted ‘No’ – in favour of immediate independence – than in other territories, except Guinea. It does this on the basis of research on the history of the Sawaba movement, which led Niger's autonomous government until the plebisicite. It shows that the French forcibly intervened in the referendum to realize a ‘Yes’ vote and preserve Niger for their sphere of influence after independence in 1960. In detailing the violence and manipulation of the referendum and its aftermath, the article criticizes a revisionist viewpoint which disputed the significance of French intervention. The analysis draws on research on the Sawaba movement, benefiting from insights of social history into the grassroots forces in the nationalist movements of the 1950s. It discusses the historiography of Niger's referendum in relation to new archival sources and memoirs, drawing parallels with other territories, notably Guinea. It concludes that France's interventions in 1958 are crucial for understanding the long-term consequences of the transformations of the independence era.
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Yolaçan, Serkan. "Azeri networks through thick and thin: West Asian politics from a diasporic eye." Journal of Eurasian Studies 10, no. 1 (January 2019): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1879366518814936.
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This article makes a case for the geographical concept of West Asia and develops a specific proposal for its usage: an intervention to open up the closed box of the Middle East to post-Soviet Eurasia in the north and to the rest of Asia in the east. It advances this transregional perspective from the viewpoint of an old imperial frontier, Transcaucasia, and its erstwhile Azeri diaspora. By drawing on archival material, oral histories, contemporaneous print media, and secondary literature, this article traces the movement of Azeris from the Transcaucasian frontier into the political domains of Iranians, Russians/Soviets, and Turks/Ottomans, and show how their movements became avenues for political subversion, territorial expansion, and informal diplomacy over the course of the 20th century and until today.
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Bariio, Gozalo Maximiliano. "Tra devozione e politica. Le chiese e gli ospedali di Santiago e Montserat di Roma, secoli XVI-XVIII." STORIA URBANA, no. 123 (October 2009): 101–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/su2009-123005.
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- Between devotion and politics. The churches and hospitals of Santiago and Montserrat in Rome (16th-18th cent.) At the end of the Middle Ages the city of Rome saw the foundation of the hospitals and churches of Santiago of the Castilians, located on piazza Navona, and of Montserrat of the Aragonese Nation, settled on the homonymous street. Both of them were affluent institutions, developing an intense welfare and religious action in favour of their nationals. Little by little they became the tangible symbol of the Spanish presence in Rome, provoking the intervention of the Spanish royal power. The study takes advantage of a wide range of archival sources, reconstructing in detail income, expenses and the investments of the two institutions throughout the 16th to 18th centuries.
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Kassin, Saul M. "The Killing of Kitty Genovese: What Else Does This Case Tell Us?" Perspectives on Psychological Science 12, no. 3 (May 2017): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691616679465.
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Well known in popular culture, the 1964 murder of Kitty Genovese in Queens, New York, became famous because not one of an alleged 38 bystanders called police until it was too late. Within psychology, this singular event inspired the study of bystander intervention. With the spotlight of history focused on Ms. Genovese and bystanders, other events, also profound for what they tell us about human social behavior, have escaped public notice. Based on archival records and current interviews, this article describes the three issues linked to Genovese. First, three false confessions, taken from two individuals, led to their wrongful convictions and imprisonment. One of these individuals was cited by the U.S. Supreme Court in Miranda v. Arizona (1966); the other individual is alive and well and wants to clear his name. Second, the narrative of the unresponsive bystander was initiated by police, not by journalists, in response to probing questions about one of these confessions. Finally, there is the ironic fact, which somehow has slipped through the cracks, that the killer of Genovese was ultimately captured as a result of the intervention of two bystanders.