Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Arcilla – Análisis'
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Delgado, López Miriam, and Luna Rómulo Ochoa. "Análisis químico de arcillas." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99211.
Full textSun, Kou María del Rosario, C. B. Molina, Palomino J. L. Valverde, and Cañizares P. Cañizares. "Síntesis y caracterización de nuevos materiales: arcillas modificadas con pilares mixtos." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99438.
Full textPérez, Tomas Liz Verónica. "Estudio de la capacidad de adsorción de las arcillas organofílicas en la remoción de nitrofenoles y clorofenoles." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8849.
Full textThe present work is based on the study of the adsorption capacity of phenol, 2- nitrophenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol using organophilic clays (CP-HDTMA and FS-HDTMA) as adsorbents. The favorable adsorption conditions were evaluated, as well as the influence of -NO2 or –Cl in phenol mono and disubstituted on the adsorption process. Organophilic clays were prepared by cation exchange with hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) as the ammonium cation and natural clays (FS) and homoionic clay (CP). The physicochemical characterization of the materials was performed using XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, TG, N2 sorption, Boehm titration and point of zero charge; this allowed understanding the morphology, the structure and the surface properties of adsorbent materials. The best-fit model for the kinetic curves was the pseudo-second order model based on the adsorption capacity the following order of retention of the adsorbates was observed: phenol
Sun, Kou María del Rosario, and Sagrario Mendioroz. "Preparación y propiedades de montmorillonitas pilaradas con Zr y su interacción con Cu(II)." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100753.
Full textMelero, Sandoval Patricia Carola. "Análisis del efecto térmico en la estructura de arcillas de chulucanas por difracción de rayos-x, refinamiento rietveld y técnicas complementarias." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4658.
Full text--- The fundamental raw material of any ceramist is the clay, therefore the correct election of its quality, typology and treatment will determine the final result of the elaborated pieces. The clay has plastic properties, what means that, on having dampened it, it can be shaped easily. When it dried it becomes firm and when subjected to high temperatures chemical reactions occur that, among other changes, cause the clay becomes a rigid material permanently, named ceramics. The clay cooked to the fire is one of the cheapest means of producing objects of daily use. The structural factors of the clays influence their physical properties, therefore it is important to understand the thermal effects in the structure of the material. In this work, clay samples from Chulucanas, department of Piura, are studied in order to assess the structural changes induced by the temperature, to determine quantitatively the structural parameters and the percentage by weight of the phases after each heat treatment. The analysis is done by X-ray diffraction and structural refinement by the Rietveld method. Phases of quartz, muscovite, kaolinite, among others, were identified. The heat treatment of 100° to 400 °C produced changes in the samples such as progressive decrease of the clayey phase; progressive decrease of the interlayer distance of the plane (001) of the montmorillonite: of 1.50 nm (ambient temperature) to 1.00 nm (250 °C), due to the elimination of the surface water and of the pores, as well as contained in the spaces between the layers of the silicates. The Rietveld method of structural refinement applied in this work constitutes an important tool for the quantitative determination of key parameters in the structural changes, as well as for the determination of the percentage by weight of the phases before and after heat treatment. Keywords: clay, heat treatment, X-ray diffraction, Rietveld method.
Tesis
Adauto, Ureta Anaís Elena. "Evaluación de la capacidad de adsorción de las arcillas organofílicas para la adsorción de nitratos y nitritos en soluciones acuosas." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/9286.
Full textThe present thesis aimed to study the adsorption of nitrate and nitrite anions in aqueous solutions using organophilic clays as adsorbents. The organophilic clays were obtained by replacing the exchange cations present in the precursor clays with quaternary ammonium cations. For this purpose, two precursor clays were used, was the one natural calcium clay (FS) and the other was the same clay exchanged with Na+ (CP) and two ammonium cations, hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) and benzyltriethylammonium (BTEA) with amounts equivalent to 1.5, 2.5 and 4.0 cation exchange capacity (C.E.C) of the precursor clay. In order to determine the structural, morphological and textural characteristics of the precursor clays and the organophilic clays, instrumental and analytical techniques were used. The obtained X-ray diffractograms (XRD) showed a significant variation in the basal spacing d001 between the precursor clays and the organophilic clays. In addition, the presence of the -CH2 and C-N groups in the FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of the ammonium cations in the organophilic clays. This exchange was also evidenced by the Boehm titration and the zero charge point analysis. From the N2 sorption analysis, a reduction of the surface area was observed. Considering the adsorption capacity of the organophilic clays for both anions, the following order was found: CP-HDTMA-4.0 > CP-HDTMA-2.5 > FS-HDTMA-4.0, FS-HDTMA-2.5 > CPHDTMA- 1.5 > FS-HDTMA-1.5 > CP-BTEA-4.0 > CP-BTEA-2.5 > FS-BTEA-4.0 > FS-BTEA-2.5 > CPBTEA- 1.5 > FS-BTEA-1.5. The adsorption of nitrate and nitrite was fast in the first few minutes, reaching equilibrium at 8 - 15 min. The kinetic model that presented a better fit with the experimental results of the adsorption of both anions was pseudo-second order. With respect to the nitrate adsorption isotherms, a better fit was found with the Redlich-Peterson and Langmuir models, while for the nitrite adsorption, the isotherms were better correlated with the Langmuir model. When evaluating the factors that influence the adsorption capacity of nitrate and nitrite, it was possible to reach the maximum adsorption at pH = 4 and with an amount of ammonium salt equivalent to 4.0 C.E.C of the precursor clay, while at pH = 10 and with an amount of ammonium salt of 1.5 C.E.C a minimum adsorption was obtained.
Tesis
Huaypar, Vásquez Yezeña. "Estudio y caracterización de arcillas modificadas para el uso de adsorción de Aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 y G2." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10226.
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Quiroga, Agurto Mauro. "Evaluación del efecto térmico en arcillas por difracción de rayos X: análisis cuantitativo de fases por el método de Rietveld." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/17150.
Full textGuedes, del Pozo Rodrigo Fernando, Rojo Roberto Manuel Quispe, Bernal Alex Paul Ancajima, Jimenez Sebastian Mogollon, and Mallqui Kevin Elvis Campos. "Análisis y aplicabilidad en el mercado peruano de los métodos más usados y las nuevas metodologías en el cálculo de asentamientos de zapatas en arcillas." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19071.
Full textCastro, Gonzales Milagros Alessandra, and Pereyra Jesus David Navarro. "Análisis de mejora de suelos arcillosos de alta plasticidad a nivel de subrasante mediante adición de cemento Portland para disminuir el cambio volumétrico." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626119.
Full textThis research includes the potential for resistance and the expansion that the soil presents, this evaluation is carried out through CBR tests. The soil cement technique is used to improve the physical and mechanical characteristics, this process consists in mixing the material with Portland cement type I. That combination forms soil cement 10%, 15% y 20%, which present an increase of the CBR (max: 138.7% y min: 91.9%) achieving a type of extraordinary subgrade to resist the structure of the pavement and a reduction of 7.18% in the expansion of the samples.
Tesis
Medina, Jurado Juan Pablo. "Determinación del alcance de la pXRF como técnica de análisis en estudios de procedencia de vasijas de cerámica: el caso de Puerto Nuevo y las redes de intercambio del Horizonte Temprano en los Andes Centrales." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/11918.
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Molina, Lovatón Rodrigo. "Análisis de la resistencia unitaria lateral última de micropilotes inyectados en arcillas saturadas de Cusco a través de pruebas de carga." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626473.
Full textThe objective of this research is to determine the ultimate lateral unitary resistance of the bulb of micropiles executed by repetitive injection (RI) based on load tests in saturated clay soils on the district of San Sebastian - Cusco, 2016. The study was prepared based on the information provided by companies specialized in soil studies, micropiles and load testing. Eight of fourteen load tests performed in total were analyzed, because they reached failure. In all tests, a manometer was used that measured the force exerted by four hydraulic jacks, as indicated by ASTM D1143. To obtain the last lateral unitary resistance of the bulb (qs), first, the last load was determined, then, at this value, the contribution of lateral load in the non-injected length was subtracted, and that result was divided between the lateral area of contact between the bulb and the surrounding soil. It was determined that the micropiles reached final loads from 39.40 to 101.30 tons, in addition, the contact areas between the bulb and the soil were estimated between 16.51 and 38.46 m2, from this, it was determined that the ultimate lateral unit resistances vary between 1.29 and 3.45 tons per square meter. The purpose of this research is to contribute to the best estimate of the ultimate lateral unitary resistance of the RI-type micropile bulb in saturated clays with SPT number between 10 and 32.
Tesis
Andía, Torres Miguel Alfredo. "Estudio arqueométrico de materiales arqueológicos de Pampa La Cruz por difracción de rayos X y refinamiento estructura." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16416.
Full textUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Posgrado. Programa de Promoción de Tesis de Pregrado
Chirre, Flores Jaqueline Heidy. "Determinación de las condiciones de operación para la recuperación de bentonita contaminada con aceite lubricante usado, utilizando el consorcio bacteriano Oil Eating Microbes (Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas y Bacillus)." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16668.
Full textBermudez, Lopez Javier Antonio, and Mora Alvaro Cesar Castañeda. "Análisis de la influencia de la succión del suelo en la resistencia al corte dentro de la estabilidad de taludes." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654491.
Full textNowadays, within the national scope, the matrix suction parameter is not taken into consideration within the soil mechanics studies. This reason, in conjunction with the constant threat of mass landslides in the country, generated the need to carry out an analysis to verify the effects of matrix suction within a slope stability analysis specifically in three sectors of the Lima - Canta highway. - Huayllay, Lima Region; and confirm whether studies on its relationship with shear strength follow the same principle. In the present work, three direct geotechnical explorations (pits) are performed within the mentioned road for the recovery of soil samples, to conduct the respective physical and mechanical characterizations as well as to conclude with a slope stability analysis for each studied sector. To obtain the matrix suction, soil-water characteristic curves were used for each type of soil sampled; likewise, SLIDE software is used for static and pseudostatic slope stability analysis.
Trabajo de investigación
Vizcarra, Arapa Santiago, and Cabrera Ismael Lorenzo Lujan. "Análisis experimental de las características mecánicas de la subrasante arcillosa del camino vecinal N° SM-707 Tarapoto – San Francisco de Río Mayo estabilizada con 3% de cal tras la adición de Cenizas de Cáscara de Arroz (CCA)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656757.
Full textThere are many studies about how the addition of lime and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) gives the soil a better mechanical behavior, particularly on clayey soils, where usually fine particles reach more than 75%. However, the soils with a small presence of fine particles (59-60%) do not have much research. This investigation evaluates the influence that RHA has on this kind of soil previously stabilized with 3% of lime. After the initial mix of soil-lime, the CBR increased 11.2 times its initial value; within the addition of the ash, the CBR maxed out its value increasing just 1.56%. When 28% of RHA was added, a decay in the value of CBR was noticed. Otherwise, soil workability improved and following the AASHTO standards, the specimens with more ash resulted in a more granular material, with a group index value of 0. The greatest CBR record was obtained when the stabilized soil was added a 16% RHA, reaching a 51.3% CBR, 1.58g/cm3 of MDD and 16.5% of OMC. The CBR of the soil stabilized with lime and the addition of RHA, does not shows substantial improvement, and beyond that the workability seems better, the addition of lime by itself should be enough for an adequate performance for silica-rich clayey soils.
Tesis
Pintado, i. Llurba Xavier. "Caracterización del comportamiento termo-hidro-mecánico de arcillas expansivas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6227.
Full textPara realizar este estudio, primero se hicieron una serie de ensayos de laboratorio convencionales, idénticos a los utilizados para caracterizar todo tipo de suelos. Sin embargo, dadas las especiales características del material (una arcilla expansiva) y las condiciones de trabajo que tendría en un repositorio nuclear (altas temperaturas producidas por la degradación del material radioactivo y altas presiones debidas al confinamiento), se han tenido que desarrollar nuevos equipos y procedimientos de ensayo: una célula edométrica con succión controlada mediante un flujo forzado de aire húmedo, un equipo para la medida de dilatación por efectos térmicos y un equipo para estudiar la respuesta del suelo frente a flujos de calor. Los resultados obtenidos son consistentes con los deducidos por otros autores en el mismo material (Villar, 2000) y han permitido profundizar en el conocimiento del comportamiento de la bentonita (Lloret et al., 2002).
El desarrollo y mejora de las técnicas de cálculo numérico, ha permitido que recientemente, se hayan podido desarrollar una serie de códigos numéricos que permiten la simulación de procesos de flujo multifásico y resolver las ecuaciones constitutivas que regulan el comportamiento mecánico del suelo. En esta tesis, se han analizado los ensayos de laboratorio realizados simulándolos con ayuda de un código de elementos finitos desarrollado por el Departamento de Ingeniería del Terreno de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, CODE_BRIGHT (Olivella, 1995), que resuelve el problema citado anteriormente. De este modo, se han podido estudiar los diferentes fenómenos ligados al movimiento de agua, de calor y a los cambios de volumen en los ensayos realizados.
Tradicionalmente, la cuantificación de parámetros que se realiza a partir de los ensayos de laboratorio, consiste básicamente en aplicar de manera directa la ley constitutiva que regula el comportamiento de la muestra en las condiciones del ensayo. Generalmente, consiste en deducir un parámetro de una ecuación relativamente sencilla (ensayos de permeabilidad) o dibujar los resultados obtenidos en el ensayo en sistemas de coordenadas especiales que permiten evaluar parámetros de manera gráfica (ensayos edométricos). Sin embargo, hay parámetros que no se pueden medir directamente (parámetros que regulan el flujo acoplado de agua y vapor debido a gradientes térmicos en un ensayo de flujo de calor), esto hace necesario que se deban utilizar otras técnicas para identificar los parámetros que los regulan. En esta tesis se han aplicado técnicas de identificación muy utilizadas en otros campos como son la hidrogeología o la sismología, para deducir parámetros que regulan el problema termo-hidráulico. Para ello ha sido necesario desarrollar un algoritmo de cálculo que, utilizando CODE_BRIGHT como rutina para resolver el problema directo, minimiza la diferencia entre los valores medidos en los ensayos y los valores calculados por el código (Pintado et al., 1998, 2002).
In the last years, the possibility of storing high level nuclear waste from nuclear power stations inside tunnels in host rock has been analysed. In these repositories, swelling clay located between the rock and the canisters is used to isolate the waste (FEBEX project; Alonso et al., 2000). In this PhD Thesis an experimental study carried out to characterize the thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of a compacted bentonite is presented.
Due to the highly expansive character of the bentonite and the high temperatures and confining pressures in the repository, it was necessary to develop new test equipments and procedures:
- A suction controlled oedometric cell, where suction is applied controlling the relative humidity of the air in contact with the soil. This relative humidity was fixed by a solution of sulphuric acid or salts. In this way, suctions up to 400 MPa could be reached and the maximum vertical stress that could be applied was of about 9 MPa.
- An equipment to measure the thermal dilatation coefficient in partially saturated bentonite, which maintains its water content unaltered in a range of temperatures between 30ºC and 65ºC.
- A cylindrical cell, where a controlled heat flux is applied to one of the ends, while in the other end a constant temperature is maintained in order to measure thermal and hydraulic parameters.
The results of the tests are consistent with other results obtained on the same material by other authors (Villar, 2000) and increase the knowledge we have of this material (Lloret et al., 2003).
In some of the tests carried out, important couplings between thermal and multiphase flows and the mechanical behaviour of bentonite are observed. In order to analyse the tests, the numerical model CODE_BRIGHT (Olivella, 1995) was used to simulate the tests as a boundary problem and to obtain values of the variables that were not measured or parameters of the numerical model that cannot be obtained directly.
Finally, this PhD Thesis presents a general methodology to perform backanalysis of laboratory tests, which also involves the thermohydraulic behaviour of bentonite in a systematic manner as well. The procedure is based on a maximum likelihood approach that defines a probabilistic framework, in which error measurements and the reliability of the parameters identified can be estimated (Pintado et al., 1998, 2002). The method is applied to the identification of some of the thermal and hydraulic properties of a bentonite specimen, using temperature and water content measurements as input data.
Aldaba, Muñoz David. "Transporte por difusión de radionucleidos en suelos y arcillas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/131398.
Full textIn this thesis we have developed and applied laboratory methods for the characterization of the transport by diffusion of cationic and anionic radionuclides in various porous filters related to diffusion experiments, in clays related to engineered barriers and mainly in unsaturated soils. The study of diffusion of radionuclides in porous clay filters provided information about the diffusion mechanisms taking place in these materials, and allowed examine the influence of the factors and processes that affect it. We applied the through-diffusion method for quantification of effective diffusion coefficients of radionuclides (HTO, radiosodio, radiocaesium, radiocloruro and radioselenato) and stable species (chloride, cesium and strontium) on various porous materials used as filters (steel, VYCOR ® glass, Al2O3 and polyether ether ketone). Furthermore, the effective diffusion coefficients and sorption parameters of radiocaesium and radiosulphate, were quantified in a compacted kaolinite clay (KGa-2) depending on the salt concentration (NaClO4) of the contact solution by application, respectively, of the through-diffusion and in-diffusion methods. For characterizing the transport by diffusion of radionuclides in unsaturated soils, we adapted and applied two experimental methods in diffusion tubes: the half-cell and planar source methods. These experiments allowed us to study the diffusion of radiochloride, radiostrontium, radiocaesium, radioselenite and radioselenate in soils by obtaining their apparent diffusion coefficients, as well as evaluate the role of experimental conditions (experimental diffusion time, moisture content and compaction of samples), and processes of interaction / sorption on diffusion. Finally, the experimental data were applied for deriving sorption values of the radionuclides. Thus, the solid-liquid distribution coefficients were derived in the soils and clays studied, which provided information regarding the mechanisms of interaction between materials and radionuclides. In some cases, the distribution coefficients derived by diffusion were related to distribution coefficients obtained experimentally in dispersed samples (batch) in the same materials.
Lujan, Cabrera Ismael Lorenzo, and Arapa Santiago Vizcarra. "Análisis experimental de la adición de ceniza de cáscara de arroz a la subrasante arcillosa de un camino estabilizado con cal." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/648864.
Full textThere are many studies about how the addition of lime and rice husk ash (RHA) gives the soil a better mechanical behavior, particularly on clayey soils, where usually fine particles reach more than 75%. However, the soils with a small presence of fine particles (59-60%) do not have much research. This analysis evaluates the influence that RHA has on this kind of soil stabilized with 3% of lime. After the initial mix of soil-lime, CBR increased 11.2 times its initial value; within the addition of the ash, the CBR averaged between 45-50% up until 28% of RHA was added, where the results decreased considerably. Soil workability improved and the specimens with more ash resulted in a more granular material, with a group index value 0 following the AASHTO standards. The greatest CBR record was obtained with the specimen of 16% RHA, 3% lime and soil, reaching a 51.3% CBR, 1.58g/cm3 of MDD and 16.5% of OMC. Yet, it only showed a 1.55% more resistance than the lime-soil specimen. The CBR with more presence of RHA tends to decrease its value, therefore for silica-rich clayey soils, the addition of lime by itself should be enough for an adequate performance.
Trabajo de investigación
Garay, Soto María Del Pilar, and Garay José Antonio Ríos. "Estudio comparativo de las granulometrías por sedimentación, para determinar los porcentajes de arcillas en los suelos finos de la región San Martín." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2015. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/1257.
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