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Journal articles on the topic 'Arctic clouds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Klingebiel, Marcus, André Ehrlich, Elena Ruiz-Donoso, et al. "Variability and properties of liquid-dominated clouds over the ice-free and sea-ice-covered Arctic Ocean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 24 (2023): 15289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15289-2023.

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Abstract. Due to their potential to either warm or cool the surface, liquid-phase clouds and their interaction with the ice-free and sea-ice-covered ocean largely determine the energy budget and surface temperature in the Arctic. Here, we use airborne measurements of solar spectral cloud reflectivity obtained during the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign in summer 2017 and the Arctic Amplification: FLUXes in the Cloudy Atmospheric Boundary Layer (AFLUX) campaign in spring 2019 in the vicinity of Svalbard to retrieve microphysical properties

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Zamora, Lauren M., Ralph A. Kahn, Sabine Eckhardt, et al. "Aerosol indirect effects on the nighttime Arctic Ocean surface from thin, predominantly liquid clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 12 (2017): 7311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7311-2017.

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Abstract. Aerosol indirect effects have potentially large impacts on the Arctic Ocean surface energy budget, but model estimates of regional-scale aerosol indirect effects are highly uncertain and poorly validated by observations. Here we demonstrate a new way to quantitatively estimate aerosol indirect effects on a regional scale from remote sensing observations. In this study, we focus on nighttime, optically thin, predominantly liquid clouds. The method is based on differences in cloud physical and microphysical characteristics in carefully selected clean, average, and aerosol-impacted cond

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3

Sotiropoulou, G., J. Sedlar, M. Tjernström, M. D. Shupe, I. M. Brooks, and P. O. G. Persson. "The thermodynamic structure of summer Arctic stratocumulus and the dynamic coupling to the surface." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 3 (2014): 3815–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-3815-2014.

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Abstract. The vertical structure of Arctic low-level clouds and Arctic boundary layer is studied, using observations from ASCOS (Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study), in the central Arctic, in late summer 2008. Two general types of cloud structures are examined: the "neutrally-stratified" and "stably-stratified" clouds. Neutrally-stratified are mixed-phase clouds where radiative-cooling near cloud top produces turbulence that creates a cloud-driven mixed layer. When this layer mixes with the surface-generated turbulence, the cloud layer is coupled to the surface, whereas when such an interaction d

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Sotiropoulou, G., J. Sedlar, M. Tjernström, M. D. Shupe, I. M. Brooks, and P. O. G. Persson. "The thermodynamic structure of summer Arctic stratocumulus and the dynamic coupling to the surface." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 22 (2014): 12573–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12573-2014.

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Abstract. The vertical structure of Arctic low-level clouds and Arctic boundary layer is studied, using observations from ASCOS (Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study), in the central Arctic, in late summer 2008. Two general types of cloud structures are examined: the "neutrally stratified" and "stably stratified" clouds. Neutrally stratified are mixed-phase clouds where radiative-cooling near cloud top produces turbulence that generates a cloud-driven mixed layer. When this layer mixes with the surface-generated turbulence, the cloud layer is coupled to the surface, whereas when such an interaction

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5

Tjernström, Michael, Joseph Sedlar, and Matthew D. Shupe. "How Well Do Regional Climate Models Reproduce Radiation and Clouds in the Arctic? An Evaluation of ARCMIP Simulations." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 9 (2008): 2405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jamc1845.1.

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Abstract Downwelling radiation in six regional models from the Arctic Regional Climate Model Intercomparison (ARCMIP) project is systematically biased negative in comparison with observations from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment, although the correlations with observations are relatively good. In this paper, links between model errors and the representation of clouds in these models are investigated. Although some modeled cloud properties, such as the cloud water paths, are reasonable in a climatological sense, the temporal correlation of model cloud properties w

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6

Baek, Eun-Hyuk, Joo-Hong Kim, Sungsu Park, Baek-Min Kim, and Jee-Hoon Jeong. "Impact of poleward heat and moisture transports on Arctic clouds and climate simulation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 5 (2020): 2953–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2953-2020.

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Abstract. Many general circulation models (GCMs) have difficulty simulating Arctic clouds and climate, causing substantial inter-model spread. To address this issue, two Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) and Seoul National University (SNU) Atmosphere Model version 0 (SAM0) with a unified convection scheme (UNICON) are employed to identify an effective mechanism for improving Arctic cloud and climate simulations. Over the Arctic, SAM0 produced a larger cloud fraction and cloud liquid mass than CAM5, reducing the neg

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Loewe, Katharina, Annica M. L. Ekman, Marco Paukert, Joseph Sedlar, Michael Tjernström, and Corinna Hoose. "Modelling micro- and macrophysical contributors to the dissipation of an Arctic mixed-phase cloud during the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 11 (2017): 6693–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6693-2017.

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Abstract. The Arctic climate is changing; temperature changes in the Arctic are greater than at midlatitudes, and changing atmospheric conditions influence Arctic mixed-phase clouds, which are important for the Arctic surface energy budget. These low-level clouds are frequently observed across the Arctic. They impact the turbulent and radiative heating of the open water, snow, and sea-ice-covered surfaces and influence the boundary layer structure. Therefore the processes that affect mixed-phase cloud life cycles are extremely important, yet relatively poorly understood. In this study, we pres

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8

Xie, Shaocheng, Xiaohong Liu, Chuanfeng Zhao, and Yuying Zhang. "Sensitivity of CAM5-Simulated Arctic Clouds and Radiation to Ice Nucleation Parameterization." Journal of Climate 26, no. 16 (2013): 5981–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00517.1.

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Abstract Sensitivity of Arctic clouds and radiation in the Community Atmospheric Model, version 5, to the ice nucleation process is examined by testing a new physically based ice nucleation scheme that links the variation of ice nuclei (IN) number concentration to aerosol properties. The default scheme parameterizes the IN concentration simply as a function of ice supersaturation. The new scheme leads to a significant reduction in simulated IN concentration at all latitudes while changes in cloud amounts and properties are mainly seen at high- and midlatitude storm tracks. In the Arctic, there

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9

Stapf, Johannes, André Ehrlich, Evelyn Jäkel, Christof Lüpkes, and Manfred Wendisch. "Reassessment of shortwave surface cloud radiative forcing in the Arctic: consideration of surface-albedo–cloud interactions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 16 (2020): 9895–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9895-2020.

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Abstract. The concept of cloud radiative forcing (CRF) is commonly applied to quantify the impact of clouds on the surface radiative energy budget (REB). In the Arctic, specific radiative interactions between microphysical and macrophysical properties of clouds and the surface strongly modify the warming or cooling effect of clouds, complicating the estimate of CRF obtained from observations or models. Clouds tend to increase the broadband surface albedo over snow or sea ice surfaces compared to cloud-free conditions. However, this effect is not adequately considered in the derivation of CRF i

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10

Sartori, Ernani. "The Arctic ice melting confirms the new theory." Journal of Water and Climate Change 10, no. 2 (2018): 321–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.153.

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Abstract The new theory shows that the global and the Arctic atmospheres behave as an open atmosphere (few clouds) or as a ‘closed’ atmosphere (fully cloudy), which explains the Arctic ice melting. Within the closed atmosphere the solar radiation, wind and evaporation are reduced while the water and air temperatures and the humidity increase. Real data confirm these effects for the planet and for the Arctic. Many authors did not understand these apparent inconsistencies, but this paper solves many intriguing problems, and provides solutions that led the present author to discover the new hydro

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11

Eastman, Ryan, and Stephen G. Warren. "Interannual Variations of Arctic Cloud Types in Relation to Sea Ice." Journal of Climate 23, no. 15 (2010): 4216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3492.1.

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Abstract Sea ice extent and thickness may be affected by cloud changes, and sea ice changes may in turn impart changes to cloud cover. Different types of clouds have different effects on sea ice. Visual cloud reports from land and ocean regions of the Arctic are analyzed here for interannual variations of total cloud cover and nine cloud types, and their relation to sea ice. Over the high Arctic, cloud cover shows a distinct seasonal cycle dominated by low stratiform clouds, which are much more common in summer than winter. Interannual variations of cloud amounts over the Arctic Ocean show sig

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12

Wendisch, Manfred, Andreas Macke, André Ehrlich, et al. "The Arctic Cloud Puzzle: Using ACLOUD/PASCAL Multiplatform Observations to Unravel the Role of Clouds and Aerosol Particles in Arctic Amplification." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 5 (2019): 841–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0072.1.

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AbstractClouds play an important role in Arctic amplification. This term represents the recently observed enhanced warming of the Arctic relative to the global increase of near-surface air temperature. However, there are still important knowledge gaps regarding the interplay between Arctic clouds and aerosol particles, and surface properties, as well as turbulent and radiative fluxes that inhibit accurate model simulations of clouds in the Arctic climate system. In an attempt to resolve this so-called Arctic cloud puzzle, two comprehensive and closely coordinated field studies were conducted:

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13

Turner, D. D. "Arctic Mixed-Phase Cloud Properties from AERI Lidar Observations: Algorithm and Results from SHEBA." Journal of Applied Meteorology 44, no. 4 (2005): 427–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2208.1.

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Abstract A new approach to retrieve microphysical properties from mixed-phase Arctic clouds is presented. This mixed-phase cloud property retrieval algorithm (MIXCRA) retrieves cloud optical depth, ice fraction, and the effective radius of the water and ice particles from ground-based, high-resolution infrared radiance and lidar cloud boundary observations. The theoretical basis for this technique is that the absorption coefficient of ice is greater than that of liquid water from 10 to 13 μm, whereas liquid water is more absorbing than ice from 16 to 25 μm. MIXCRA retrievals are only valid for

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14

Stramler, Kirstie, Anthony D. Del Genio, and William B. Rossow. "Synoptically Driven Arctic Winter States." Journal of Climate 24, no. 6 (2011): 1747–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3817.1.

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Abstract The dense network of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) observations is used to assess relationships between winter surface and atmospheric variables as the SHEBA site came under the influence of cyclonic and anticyclonic atmospheric circulation systems. Two distinct and preferred states of subsurface, surface, atmosphere, and clouds occur during the SHEBA winter, extending from the oceanic mixed layer through the troposphere and preceded by same-sign variations in the stratosphere. These states are apparent in distributions of surface temperature, sensible heat and longwav

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15

Zuidema, P., B. Baker, Y. Han, et al. "An Arctic Springtime Mixed-Phase Cloudy Boundary Layer Observed during SHEBA." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 1 (2005): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-3368.1.

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Abstract The microphysical characteristics, radiative impact, and life cycle of a long-lived, surface-based mixed-layer, mixed-phase cloud with an average temperature of approximately −20°C are presented and discussed. The cloud was observed during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic experiment (SHEBA) from 1 to 10 May 1998. Vertically resolved properties of the liquid and ice phases are retrieved using surface-based remote sensors, utilize the adiabatic assumption for the liquid component, and are aided by and validated with aircraft measurements from 4 and 7 May. The cloud radar ice microp

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16

Kravitz, Ben, Hailong Wang, Philip J. Rasch, Hugh Morrison, and Amy B. Solomon. "Process-model simulations of cloud albedo enhancement by aerosols in the Arctic." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2031 (2014): 20140052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0052.

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A cloud-resolving model is used to simulate the effectiveness of Arctic marine cloud brightening via injection of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), either through geoengineering or other increased sources of Arctic aerosols. An updated cloud microphysical scheme is employed, with prognostic CCN and cloud particle numbers in both liquid and mixed-phase marine low clouds. Injection of CCN into the marine boundary layer can delay the collapse of the boundary layer and increase low-cloud albedo. Albedo increases are stronger for pure liquid clouds than mixed-phase clouds. Liquid precipitation can b

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17

Becker, Sebastian, André Ehrlich, Michael Schäfer, and Manfred Wendisch. "Airborne observations of the surface cloud radiative effect during different seasons over sea ice and open ocean in the Fram Strait." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 12 (2023): 7015–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7015-2023.

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Abstract. This study analyses the cloud radiative effect (CRE) obtained from near-surface observations of three airborne campaigns in the Arctic north-west of Svalbard: Airborne measurements of radiative and turbulent FLUXes of energy and momentum in the Arctic boundary layer (AFLUX, March/April 2019), Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD, May/June 2017), and Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate – Airborne observations in the Central Arctic (MOSAiC-ACA, August/September 2020). The surface CRE quantifies the potential o

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18

Tietze, K., J. Riedi, A. Stohl, and T. J. Garrett. "Space-based evaluation of interactions between aerosols and low-level Arctic clouds during the Spring and Summer of 2008." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 7 (2011): 3359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3359-2011.

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Abstract. This study explores the indirect effects of anthropogenic and biomass burning aerosols on Arctic clouds by co-locating a combination of MODIS and POLDER cloud products with output from the FLEXPART tracer transport model. During the activities of the International Polar Year for the Spring and Summer of 2008, we find a high sensitivity of Arctic cloud radiative properties to both anthropogenic and biomass burning pollution plumes, particularly at air temperatures near freezing or potential temperatures near 286 K. However, the sensitivity is much lower at both colder and warmer tempe

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19

Saavedra Garfias, Pablo, Heike Kalesse-Los, Luisa von Albedyll, Hannes Griesche, and Gunnar Spreen. "Asymmetries in cloud microphysical properties ascribed to sea ice leads via water vapour transport in the central Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 22 (2023): 14521–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14521-2023.

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Abstract. To investigate the influence of sea ice openings like leads on wintertime Arctic clouds, the air mass transport is exploited as a heat and humidity feeding mechanism which can modify Arctic cloud properties. Cloud microphysical properties in the central Arctic are analysed as a function of sea ice conditions during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition in 2019–2020. The Cloudnet classification algorithm is used to characterize the clouds based on remote sensing observations and the atmospheric thermodynamic state from the obser

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20

Lonardi, Michael, Elisa F. Akansu, André Ehrlich, et al. "Tethered balloon-borne observations of thermal-infrared irradiance and cooling rate profiles in the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 3 (2024): 1961–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1961-2024.

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Abstract. Clouds play an important role in controlling the radiative energy budget of the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer. To quantify the impact of clouds on the radiative heating or cooling of the lower atmosphere and of the surface, vertical profile observations of thermal-infrared irradiances were collected using a radiation measurement system carried by a tethered balloon. We present 70 profiles of thermal-infrared radiative quantities measured in summer 2020 during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition and in autumn 2021 and spri

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Vüllers, Jutta, Peggy Achtert, Ian M. Brooks, et al. "Meteorological and cloud conditions during the Arctic Ocean 2018 expedition." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 1 (2021): 289–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-289-2021.

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Abstract. The Arctic Ocean 2018 (AO2018) took place in the central Arctic Ocean in August and September 2018 on the Swedish icebreaker Oden. An extensive suite of instrumentation provided detailed measurements of surface water chemistry and biology, sea ice and ocean physical and biogeochemical properties, surface exchange processes, aerosols, clouds, and the state of the atmosphere. The measurements provide important information on the coupling of the ocean and ice surface to the atmosphere and in particular to clouds. This paper provides (i) an overview of the synoptic-scale atmospheric cond

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Schirmacher, Imke, Pavlos Kollias, Katia Lamer, et al. "Assessing Arctic low-level clouds and precipitation from above – a radar perspective." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16, no. 17 (2023): 4081–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4081-2023.

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Abstract. Most Arctic clouds occur below 2 km altitude, as revealed by CloudSat satellite observations. However, recent studies suggest that the relatively coarse spatial resolution, low sensitivity, and blind zone of the radar installed on CloudSat may not enable it to comprehensively document low-level clouds. We investigate the impact of these limitations on the Arctic low-level cloud fraction, which is the number of cloudy points with respect to all points as a function of height, derived from CloudSat radar observations. For this purpose, we leverage highly resolved vertical profiles of l

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Schäfer, Britta, Tim Carlsen, Ingrid Hanssen, Michael Gausa, and Trude Storelvmo. "Observations of cold-cloud properties in the Norwegian Arctic using ground-based and spaceborne lidar." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 14 (2022): 9537–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9537-2022.

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Abstract. The role of clouds in the surface radiation budget is particularly complex in the rapidly changing Arctic. However, despite their importance, long-term observations of Arctic clouds are relatively sparse. Here, we present observations of cold clouds based on 7 years (2011–2017) of ground-based lidar observations at the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR) in Andenes in the Norwegian Arctic. In two case studies, we assess (1) the agreement between a co-located cirrus cloud observations from the ground-based lidar and the spaceborne lidar aboard the Cloud-Ae

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Achtert, P., M. Karlsson Andersson, F. Khosrawi, and J. Gumbel. "Do tropospheric clouds influence Polar Stratospheric cloud occurrence in the Arctic?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 12 (2011): 32065–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-32065-2011.

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Abstract. The type of Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) as well as their temporal and spatial extent are important for the occurrence of heterogeneous reactions in the polar stratosphere. The formation of PSCs depends strongly on temperature. However, the mechanisms of the formation of solid PSCs are still poorly understood. Recent satellite studies of Antarctic PSCs have shown that their formation can be associated with deep-tropospheric clouds which have the ability to cool the lower stratosphere radiatively and/or adiabatically. In the present study, lidar measurements aboard the Cloud-Aero

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Barrientos-Velasco, Carola, Hartwig Deneke, Anja Hünerbein, Hannes J. Griesche, Patric Seifert, and Andreas Macke. "Radiative closure and cloud effects on the radiation budget based on satellite and shipborne observations during the Arctic summer research cruise, PS106." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 14 (2022): 9313–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9313-2022.

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Abstract. For understanding Arctic climate change, it is critical to quantify and address uncertainties in climate data records on clouds and radiative fluxes derived from long-term passive satellite observations. A unique set of observations collected during the PS106 expedition of the research vessel Polarstern (28 May to 16 July 2017) by the OCEANET facility, is exploited here for this purpose and compared with the CERES SYN1deg ed. 4.1 satellite remote-sensing products. Mean cloud fraction (CF) of 86.7 % for CERES SYN1deg and 76.1 % for OCEANET were found for the entire cruise. The differe

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Bae, Jungeun, Hyun-Joon Sung, Eun-Hyuk Baek, Ji-Hun Choi, Hyo-Jung Lee, and Baek-Min Kim. "Reduction in the Arctic Surface Warm Bias in the NCAR CAM6 by Reducing Excessive Low-Level Clouds in the Arctic." Atmosphere 14, no. 3 (2023): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030522.

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High-latitude low clouds in the Northern winter have been known to be closely related to the Arctic surface air temperature by controlling downward longwave radiation, but Earth system models often fail to accurately simulate this relationship. In this study, we conducted a series of model experiments to examine the role of winter high-latitude low-level clouds in determining the Arctic surface temperature. Our findings show that low-level clouds play a significant role in regulating the Arctic surface temperature. We used the NCAR CAM6 model and compared the results of an unforced simulation

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Adachi, Kouji, Yutaka Tobo, Makoto Koike, Gabriel Freitas, Paul Zieger, and Radovan Krejci. "Composition and mixing state of Arctic aerosol and cloud residual particles from long-term single-particle observations at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 21 (2022): 14421–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14421-2022.

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Abstract. The Arctic region is sensitive to climate change and is warming faster than the global average. Aerosol particles change cloud properties by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and ice-nucleating particles, thus influencing the Arctic climate system. Therefore, understanding the aerosol particle properties in the Arctic is needed to interpret and simulate their influences on climate. In this study, we collected ambient aerosol particles using whole-air and PM10 inlets and residual particles of cloud droplets and ice crystals from Arctic low-level clouds (typically, all-liquid or mixe

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Shupe, Matthew D. "Clouds at Arctic Atmospheric Observatories. Part II: Thermodynamic Phase Characteristics." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, no. 3 (2011): 645–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2468.1.

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Abstract Cloud phase defines many cloud properties and determines the ways in which clouds interact with other aspects of the climate system. The occurrence fraction and characteristics of clouds distinguished by their phase are examined at three Arctic atmospheric observatories. Each observatory has the basic suite of instruments that are necessary to identify cloud phase, namely, cloud radar, depolarization lidar, microwave radiometer, and twice-daily radiosondes. At these observatories, ice clouds are more prevalent than mixed-phase clouds, which are more prevalent than liquid-only clouds.

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Achtert, P., M. Karlsson Andersson, F. Khosrawi, and J. Gumbel. "On the linkage between tropospheric and Polar Stratospheric clouds in the Arctic as observed by space–borne lidar." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 8 (2012): 3791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3791-2012.

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Abstract. The type of Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) as well as their temporal and spatial extent are important for the occurrence of heterogeneous reactions in the polar stratosphere. The formation of PSCs depends strongly on temperature. However, the mechanisms of the formation of solid PSCs are still poorly understood. Recent satellite studies of Antarctic PSCs have shown that their formation can be associated with deep-tropospheric clouds which have the ability to cool the lower stratosphere radiatively and/or adiabatically. In the present study, lidar measurements aboard the Cloud-Aero

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Kretzschmar, Jan, Marc Salzmann, Johannes Mülmenstädt, and Johannes Quaas. "Arctic clouds in ECHAM6 and their sensitivity to cloud microphysics and surface fluxes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 16 (2019): 10571–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10571-2019.

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Abstract. Compared to other climate models, the MPI-ESM/ECHAM6 is one of the few models that is able to realistically simulate the typical two-state radiative structure of the Arctic boundary layer and also is able to sustain liquid water at low temperatures as is often observed in high latitudes. To identify processes in the model that are responsible for the abovementioned features, we compare cloud properties from ECHAM6 to observations from CALIPSO-GOCCP using the COSP satellite simulator and perform sensitivity runs. The comparison shows that the model is able to reproduce the spatial dis

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Lelli, Luca, Marco Vountas, Narges Khosravi, and John Philipp Burrows. "Satellite remote sensing of regional and seasonal Arctic cooling showing a multi-decadal trend towards brighter and more liquid clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 4 (2023): 2579–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2579-2023.

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Abstract. Two decades of measurements of spectral reflectance of solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere and a complementary record of cloud properties from satellite passive remote sensing have been analyzed for their pan-Arctic, regional, and seasonal changes. The pan-Arctic loss of brightness, which is explained by the retreat of sea ice during the current warming period, is not compensated by a corresponding increase in cloud cover. A systematic change in the thermodynamic phase of clouds has taken place, shifting towards the liquid phase at the expense of the ice phase. Without signi

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Gagné, Marie-Ève, Alexandre Laplante, Ronald Stewart, and John Hanesiak. "Using CloudSat data to look at the cloud and precipitation structure in the Arctic." McGill Science Undergraduate Research Journal 3, no. 1 (2008): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v3i1.127.

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    Clouds and precipitation are fundamental determinates of the Arctic climate. Despite the presence of clouds and storm systems, very few precipitations reach the ground. In fact, polar precipitation patterns are characterized by frequent sublimation of the water particles during their descent. This discrepancy between cloud coverage and storm systems and the amount of precipitation on the ground is not explained because relatively little is known about these features due partly to the lack of available data. Recently, CloudSat, a polar-orbiting satellite, was launche

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Sedlar, Joseph. "Implications of Limited Liquid Water Path on Static Mixing within Arctic Low-Level Clouds." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 53, no. 12 (2014): 2775–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0065.1.

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AbstractObservations of cloud properties and thermodynamics from two Arctic locations, Barrow, Alaska, and Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA), are examined. A comparison of in-cloud thermodynamic mixing characteristics for low-level, single-layer clouds from nearly a decade of data at Barrow and one full annual cycle over the sea ice at SHEBA is performed. These cloud types occur relatively frequently, evident in 27%–30% of all cloudy cases. To understand the role of liquid water path (LWP), or lack thereof, on static in-cloud mixing, cloud layers are separated into optically thin and o

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Coopman, Quentin, Timothy J. Garrett, Jérôme Riedi, Sabine Eckhardt, and Andreas Stohl. "Effects of long-range aerosol transport on the microphysical properties of low-level liquid clouds in the Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 7 (2016): 4661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4661-2016.

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Abstract. The properties of low-level liquid clouds in the Arctic can be altered by long-range pollution transport to the region. Satellite, tracer transport model, and meteorological data sets are used here to determine a net aerosol–cloud interaction (ACInet) parameter that expresses the ratio of relative changes in cloud microphysical properties to relative variations in pollution concentrations while accounting for dry or wet scavenging of aerosols en route to the Arctic. For a period between 2008 and 2010, ACInet is calculated as a function of the cloud liquid water path, temperature, alt

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Ehrlich, A., E. Bierwirth, M. Wendisch, et al. "Cloud phase identification of Arctic boundary-layer clouds from airborne spectral reflection measurements: test of three approaches." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 24 (2008): 7493–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7493-2008.

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Abstract. Arctic boundary-layer clouds were investigated with remote sensing and in situ instruments during the Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol, Clouds and Radiation (ASTAR) campaign in March and April 2007. The clouds formed in a cold air outbreak over the open Greenland Sea. Beside the predominant mixed-phase clouds pure liquid water and ice clouds were observed. Utilizing measurements of solar radiation reflected by the clouds three methods to retrieve the thermodynamic phase of the cloud are introduced and compared. Two ice indices IS and IP were obtained by analyzing the spectral pat

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Zhao, Xiaoyi, Kristof Bognar, Vitali Fioletov, et al. "Assessing the impact of clouds on ground-based UV–visible total column ozone measurements in the high Arctic." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 4 (2019): 2463–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2463-2019.

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Abstract. Zenith-Sky scattered light Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (ZS-DOAS) has been used widely to retrieve total column ozone (TCO). ZS-DOAS measurements have the advantage of being less sensitive to clouds than direct-sun measurements. However, the presence of clouds still affects the quality of ZS-DOAS TCO. Clouds are thought to be the largest contributor to random uncertainty in ZS-DOAS TCO, but their impact on data quality still needs to be quantified. This study has two goals: (1) to investigate whether clouds have a significant impact on ZS-DOAS TCO, and (2) to develop

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Mauritsen, T., J. Sedlar, M. Tjernström, et al. "Aerosols indirectly warm the Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 7 (2010): 16775–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-16775-2010.

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Abstract. On average, airborne aerosol particles cool the Earth's surface directly by absorbing and scattering sunlight and indirectly by influencing cloud reflectivity, life time, thickness or extent. Here we show that over the central Arctic Ocean, where there is frequently a lack of aerosol particles upon which clouds may form, a small increase in aerosol loading may enhance cloudiness thereby likely causing a climatologically significant warming at the ice-covered Arctic surface. Under these low concentration conditions cloud droplets grow to drizzle sizes and fall, even in the absence of

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Morrison, H., J. A. Curry, M. D. Shupe, and P. Zuidema. "A New Double-Moment Microphysics Parameterization for Application in Cloud and Climate Models. Part II: Single-Column Modeling of Arctic Clouds." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 6 (2005): 1678–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3447.1.

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Abstract The new double-moment microphysics scheme described in Part I of this paper is implemented into a single-column model to simulate clouds and radiation observed during the period 1 April–15 May 1998 of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) and First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment–Arctic Clouds Experiment (FIRE–ACE) field projects. Mean predicted cloud boundaries and total cloud fraction compare reasonably well with observations. Cloud phase partitioning, which is crucial in determining the surface radiative fluxes, is fairly simila

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Eliasson, Salomon, Karl-Göran Karlsson, and Ulrika Willén. "A simulator for the CLARA-A2 cloud climate data record and its application to assess EC-Earth polar cloudiness." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 1 (2020): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-297-2020.

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Abstract. This paper describes a new satellite simulator for the CLARA-A2 climate data record (CDR). This simulator takes into account the variable skill in cloud detection in the CLARA-A2 CDR by using a different approach to other similar satellite simulators to emulate the ability to detect clouds. In particular, the paper describes three methods to filter out clouds from climate models undetectable by observations. The first method is comparable to the current simulators in the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) Observation Simulator Package (COSP), since it relies on a si

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Shupe, Matthew D., David D. Turner, Alexander Zwink, Mandana M. Thieman, Eli J. Mlawer, and Timothy Shippert. "Deriving Arctic Cloud Microphysics at Barrow, Alaska: Algorithms, Results, and Radiative Closure." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 7 (2015): 1675–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0054.1.

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AbstractCloud phase and microphysical properties control the radiative effects of clouds in the climate system and are therefore crucial to characterize in a variety of conditions and locations. An Arctic-specific, ground-based, multisensor cloud retrieval system is described here and applied to 2 yr of observations from Barrow, Alaska. Over these 2 yr, clouds occurred 75% of the time, with cloud ice and liquid each occurring nearly 60% of the time. Liquid water occurred at least 25% of the time, even in winter, and existed up to heights of 8 km. The vertically integrated mass of liquid was ty

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Tietze, K., J. Riedi, A. Stohl, and T. J. Garrett. "Space-based evaluation of interactions between pollution plumes and low-level Arctic clouds during the spring and summer of 2008." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 11 (2010): 29113–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-29113-2010.

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Abstract. This study explores the indirect effects of anthropogenic and biomass burning aerosols on Arctic clouds by co-locating a combination of MODIS and POLDER cloud products with output from the FLEXPART tracer transport model. During the activities of the International Polar Year for the Spring and Summer of 2008, we find a high sensitivity of Arctic cloud radiative properties to both anthropogenic and biomass burning pollution plumes, particularly at air temperatures near freezing or potential temperatures near 286 K. However, the sensitivity is much lower at both colder and warmer tempe

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Griesche, Hannes J., Kevin Ohneiser, Patric Seifert, Martin Radenz, Ronny Engelmann, and Albert Ansmann. "Contrasting ice formation in Arctic clouds: surface-coupled vs. surface-decoupled clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 13 (2021): 10357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10357-2021.

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Abstract. In the Arctic summer of 2017 (1 June to 16 July) measurements with the OCEANET-Atmosphere facility were performed during the Polarstern cruise PS106. OCEANET comprises amongst other instruments the multiwavelength polarization lidar PollyXT_OCEANET and for PS106 was complemented with a vertically pointed 35 GHz cloud radar. In the scope of the presented study, the influence of cloud height and surface coupling on the probability of clouds to contain and form ice is investigated. Polarimetric lidar data were used for the detection of the cloud base and the identification of the thermo

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Shupe, Matthew D., Pavlos Kollias, P. Ola G. Persson, and Greg M. McFarquhar. "Vertical Motions in Arctic Mixed-Phase Stratiform Clouds." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 4 (2008): 1304–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2479.1.

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Abstract The characteristics of Arctic mixed-phase stratiform clouds and their relation to vertical air motions are examined using ground-based observations during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE) in Barrow, Alaska, during fall 2004. The cloud macrophysical, microphysical, and dynamical properties are derived from a suite of active and passive remote sensors. Low-level, single-layer, mixed-phase stratiform clouds are typically topped by a 400–700-m-deep liquid water layer from which ice crystals precipitate. These clouds are strongly dominated (85% by mass) by liquid water. On a

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Knudsen, Erlend M., Bernd Heinold, Sandro Dahlke, et al. "Meteorological conditions during the ACLOUD/PASCAL field campaign near Svalbard in early summer 2017." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 24 (2018): 17995–8022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17995-2018.

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Abstract. The two concerted field campaigns, Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) and the Physical feedbacks of Arctic planetary boundary level Sea ice, Cloud and AerosoL (PASCAL), took place near Svalbard from 23 May to 26 June 2017. They were focused on studying Arctic mixed-phase clouds and involved observations from two airplanes (ACLOUD), an icebreaker (PASCAL) and a tethered balloon, as well as ground-based stations. Here, we present the synoptic development during the 35-day period of the campaigns, using near-surface and upper-air meteorologic

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Libois, Quentin, Liviu Ivanescu, Jean-Pierre Blanchet, et al. "Airborne observations of far-infrared upwelling radiance in the Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 24 (2016): 15689–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15689-2016.

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Abstract. The first airborne measurements of the Far-InfraRed Radiometer (FIRR) were performed in April 2015 during the panarctic NETCARE campaign. Vertical profiles of spectral upwelling radiance in the range 8–50 µm were measured in clear and cloudy conditions from the surface up to 6 km. The clear sky profiles highlight the strong dependence of radiative fluxes to the temperature inversion typical of the Arctic. Measurements acquired for total column water vapour from 1.5 to 10.5 mm also underline the sensitivity of the far-infrared greenhouse effect to specific humidity. The cloudy cases s

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Stevens, Robin G., Katharina Loewe, Christopher Dearden, et al. "A model intercomparison of CCN-limited tenuous clouds in the high Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 15 (2018): 11041–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11041-2018.

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Abstract. We perform a model intercomparison of summertime high Arctic (> 80∘ N) clouds observed during the 2008 Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) campaign, when observed cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations fell below 1 cm−3. Previous analyses have suggested that at these low CCN concentrations the liquid water content (LWC) and radiative properties of the clouds are determined primarily by the CCN concentrations, conditions that have previously been referred to as the tenuous cloud regime. The intercomparison includes results from three large eddy simulation models (UCLALE

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Tjernström, M., C. Leck, C. E. Birch, et al. "The Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS): overview and experimental design." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 6 (2014): 2823–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2823-2014.

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Abstract. The climate in the Arctic is changing faster than anywhere else on earth. Poorly understood feedback processes relating to Arctic clouds and aerosol–cloud interactions contribute to a poor understanding of the present changes in the Arctic climate system, and also to a large spread in projections of future climate in the Arctic. The problem is exacerbated by the paucity of research-quality observations in the central Arctic. Improved formulations in climate models require such observations, which can only come from measurements in situ in this difficult-to-reach region with logistica

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Griesche, Hannes Jascha, Carola Barrientos-Velasco, Hartwig Deneke, Anja Hünerbein, Patric Seifert, and Andreas Macke. "Low-level Arctic clouds: a blind zone in our knowledge of the radiation budget." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 1 (2024): 597–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-597-2024.

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Abstract. Quantifying the role of clouds in the earth's radiation budget is essential for improving our understanding of the drivers and feedback mechanisms of climate change. This holds in particular for the Arctic, the region currently undergoing the most rapid changes. This region, however, also poses significant challenges to remote-sensing retrievals of clouds and radiative fluxes, introducing large uncertainties in current climate data records. In particular, low-level stratiform clouds are common in the Arctic but are, due to their low altitude, challenging to observe and characterize w

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Kretzschmar, Jan, Johannes Stapf, Daniel Klocke, Manfred Wendisch, and Johannes Quaas. "Employing airborne radiation and cloud microphysics observations to improve cloud representation in ICON at kilometer-scale resolution in the Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 21 (2020): 13145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13145-2020.

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Abstract. Clouds play a potentially important role in Arctic climate change but are poorly represented in current atmospheric models across scales. To improve the representation of Arctic clouds in models, it is necessary to compare models to observations to consequently reduce this uncertainty. This study compares aircraft observations from the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign around Svalbard, Norway, in May–June 2017 and simulations using the ICON (ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic) model in its numerical weather prediction (NWP) setup at 1.2

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Dekoutsidis, Georgios, Martin Wirth, and Silke Groß. "The effects of warm-air intrusions in the high Arctic on cirrus clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 10 (2024): 5971–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5971-2024.

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Abstract. Warm-air intrusions (WAIs) are responsible for the transportation of warm and moist air masses from the mid-latitudes into the high Arctic (> 70° N). In this work, we study cirrus clouds that form during WAI events (WAI cirrus) and during undisturbed Arctic conditions (AC cirrus) and investigate possible differences between the two cloud types based on their macrophysical and optical properties with a focus on relative humidity over ice (RHi). We use airborne measurements from the combined high-spectral-resolution and differential-absorption lidar, WALES, performed during the HALO

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