Relevant bibliographies by topics / Arctic Haze

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Arctic Haze'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Arctic Haze"

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Shaw, Glenn E. "The Arctic Haze Phenomenon." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 76, no. 12 (December 1995): 2403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1995)076<2403:tahp>2.0.co;2.

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Heintzenberg, Jost, Thomas Tuch, Birgit Wehner, Alfred Wiedensohler, Heike Wex, Albert Ansmann, Ina Mattis, et al. "Arctic haze over Central Europe." Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 55, no. 3 (December 30, 2011): 796–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v55i3.16366.

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HEINTZENBERG, JOST, THOMAS TUCH, BIRGIT WEHNER, ALFRED WIEDENSOHLER, HEIKE WEX, ALBERT ANSMANN, INA MATTIS, et al. "Arctic haze over Central Europe." Tellus B 55, no. 3 (July 2003): 796–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00057.x.

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Shaw, Glenn E. "Cloud condensation nuclei associated with arctic haze." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 20, no. 7 (January 1986): 1453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(86)90017-x.

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Shaw, G. E., K. Stamnes, and Y. X. Hu. "Arctic haze: Perturbation to the radiation field." Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 51, no. 3-4 (1993): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01030496.

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Quinn, P. K., G. Shaw, E. Andrews, E. G. Dutton, T. Ruoho-Airola, and S. L. Gong. "Arctic haze: current trends and knowledge gaps." Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 59, no. 1 (January 2007): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00236.x.

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Stachlewska, Iwona S., Christoph Ritter, Christine Böckmann, and Ronny Engelmann. "Properties of arctic haze aerosol from lidar observations during iarea 2015 campaign on spitsbergen." EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 05024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817605024.

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Arctic Haze event was observed on 5-8 April 2015 using simultaneously Near-range Aerosol Raman Lidar of IGFUW and Koldewey Aerosol Raman Lidar of AWI, both based at AWIPEV German-French station in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen. The alterations in particle abundance and altitude of the aerosol load observed on following days of the event is analyzed. The daytime profiles of particle optical properties were obtained for both lidars, and then served as input for microphysical parameters inversion. The results indicate aerosol composition typical for the Arctic Haze. However, in some layers, a likely abundance of aqueous aerosol or black carbon originating in biomass burning over Siberia, changes measurably the Arctic Haze properties.
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Carey, John. "Scientific Sleuths Solve: The Mystery of Arctic Haze." Weatherwise 41, no. 2 (April 1988): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00431672.1988.9925253.

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Hoff, R. M. "Vertical Structure of Arctic Haze Observed by Lidar." Journal of Applied Meteorology 27, no. 2 (February 1988): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1988)027<0125:vsoaho>2.0.co;2.

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Yamanouchi, T., R. Treffeisen, A. Herber, M. Shiobara, S. Yamagata, K. Hara, K. Sato, et al. "Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol and Radiation (ASTAR) 2000: Arctic haze case study." Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 57, no. 2 (January 2005): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v57i2.16784.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arctic Haze"

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Stachlewska, Iwona Sylwia. "Investigation of tropospheric arctic aerosol and mixed-phase clouds using airborne lidar technique." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/698/.

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An Airborne Mobile Aerosol Lidar (AMALi) was constructed and built at Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) in Potsdam, Germany for the lower tropospheric aerosol and cloud research under tough arctic conditions. The system was successfully used during two AWI airborne field campaigns, ASTAR 2004 and SVALEX 2005, performed in vicinity of Spitsbergen in the Arctic. The novel evaluation schemes, the Two-Stream Inversion and the Iterative Airborne Inversion, were applied to the obtained lidar data. Thereby, calculation of the particle extinction and backscatter coefficient profiles with corresponding lidar ratio profiles characteristic for the arctic air was possible. The comparison of these lidar results with the results of other in-situ and remote instrumentation (ground based Koldewey Aerosol Raman Lidar (KARL), sunphotometer, radiosounding, satellite imagery) allowed to provided clean contra polluted (Arctic Haze) characteristics of the arctic aerosols. Moreover, the data interpretation by means of the ECMWF Operational Analyses and small-scale dispersion model EULAG allowed studying the effects of the Spitsbergens orography on the aerosol load in the Planetary Boundary Layer. With respect to the cloud studies a new methodology of alternated remote AMALi measurements with the airborne in-situ cloud optical and microphysical parameters measurements was proved feasible for the low density mixed-phase cloud studies. An example of such approach during observation of the natural cloud seeding (feeder-seeder phenomenon) with ice crystals precipitating into the lower supercooled stratocumulus deck were discussed in terms of the lidar signal intensity profiles and corresponding depolarisation ratio profiles. For parts of the cloud system characterised by almost negligible multiple scattering the calculation of the particle backscatter coefficient profiles was possible using the lidar ratio information obtained from the in-situ measurements in ice-crystal cloud and water cloud.
Das Airborne Mobile Aerosol Lidar (AMALi) wurde am Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung in Potsdam für die Untersuchung arktischer Aerosole und Wolken der unteren Troposphäre entwickelt und gebaut. Das AMALi wurde erfolgreich in zwei AWI Flugzeugmesskampagnen, der ASTAR 2004 und der SvalEx 2005, die in Spitzbergen in der Arktis durchgeführt wurden, eingesetzt. Zwei neue Lidar Datenauswertungsmethoden wurden implementiert: die Two-Stream Inversion und die Iterative Airborne Inversion. Damit erwies sich die Berechnung der Profile der Teilchen Rückstreu- und Extinktionskoeffizienten mit einem entsprechenden Lidar Verhältnis, das charakteristisch für arktische Luft ist, als möglich. Der Vergleich dieser Auswertungen mit den Resultaten, die mit verschiedenen Fernerkundungs- und In-situ Instrumenten gewonnen worden waren (stationäres Koldewey Aerosol Raman Lidar KARL, Sonnenphotometer, Radiosondierung und Satellitenbilder) ermöglichten die Interpretation der Lidar-Resultate und eine Charakterisierung sowohl der reinen als auch der verschmutzten Luft. Außerdem konnten die Lidardaten mit operationellen ECMWF Daten und dem kleinskaligen Dispersionsmodel EULAG verglichen werden. Dadurch konnte der Einfluss der Spitzbergener Orographie auf die Aerosolladung der Planetaren Grenzschicht untersucht werden. Für Wolkenmessungen wurde eine neue Methode der alternativen Fernerkundung mit dem AMALi und flugzeuggetragenen In-situ Messgeräten verwendet, um optische und mikrophysikalische Eigenschaften der Wolken zu bestimmen. Diese Methode wurde erfolgreich implementiert und auf Mixed-Phase Wolken geringer optischen Dicke angewendet. Ein Beispiel hier stellt das Besamen der Wolken (sogenannte Feeder-Seeder Effekt) dar, bei dem Eiskristalle in eine niedrige unterkühlte Stratokumulus fallen. Dabei konnten Lidarsignale, Intensitätsprofile und die Volumendepolarisation gemessen werden. Zusätzlich konnten in den weniger dichten Bereichen der Wolken, in denen Vielfachstreuung vernachlässigbar ist, auch Profile des Teilchen Rückstreukoeffizienten berechnet werden, wobei Lidarverhältnisse genommen wurden, die aus In-situ Messungen für Wasser- und Eiswolken ermittelt wurden.
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Savishinsky, Joel S. "The trail of the hare : environment and stress in a sub-arctic community /." Yverdon (Switzerland) : Gordon and Breach, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37463831g.

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Ozola, Anete. "What impact can the economic potential of the Arctic region have on avoiding conflict?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42783.

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The purpose of the thesis is to look into the Arctic region and the relationship that the economic potential of the region has with the growing tension. The research question of the thesis is ‘what impact can the economic potential of the Arctic region have on avoiding conflict?’. The thesis uses the theoretical framework of Complex Interdependence as the base for Arctic state behavior and dependency. The used methods are content analysis for all eight Arctic state regions policy papers and after that case study of a smaller group of states. The thesis highlights, firstly, that Arctic states are deeply interdependent, which make the possibility of conflict unlikely. Secondly, the analysis showed that only two states prioritize the economic potential of the region in their policy papers. Therefore, while conflict is not inevitable, the priority interest areas of each Arctic region state show that cooperation is more beneficial for all involved sides and the economic potential is not the catalyst for military conflict in the region.
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Winiger, Patrik. "Isotope-based source apportionment of black carbon aerosols in the Eurasian Arctic." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-134577.

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Aerosols change the Earth's energy balance. Black carbon (BC) aerosols are a product of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass burning and cause a net warming through aerosol radiation interactions (ari) and aerosol cloud interactions (aci). BC aerosols have potentially strong implications on the Arctic climate, yet the net global climate effect of BC is very uncertain. Best estimates assume a net warming effect, roughly half to that of CO2. However, the time scales during which CO2 emissions affect the global climate are on the order of hundreds of years, while BC is a short-lived climate pollutant (SLCP) with atmospheric life times of days to weeks. Climate models or atmospheric transport models struggle to emulate the seasonality and amplitude of BC concentrations in the Arctic, which are low in summer and high in winter/spring during the so called Arctic haze season. The high uncertainties regarding BC's climate impact are not only related to ari and aci, but also due to model parameterizations of BC lifetime and transport, and the highly uncertain estimates of global and regional BC emissions. Given the high uncertainties in technology-based emission inventories (EI), there is a need for an observation-based assessment of sources of BC in the atmosphere. We study short-term and long-term observations of elemental carbon (EC), the mass-based analog of optically-defined BC. EC aerosol concentrations and carbon-isotope-based (δ13C and ∆14C) sources were constrained (top-down) for three Arctic receptor sites in Abisko (northern Sweden), Tiksi (East Siberian Russia), and Zeppelin (on Svalbard, Norway). The radiocarbon (∆14C) signature allows to draw conclusion on the EC sources (fossil fuels vs. biomass burning) with high accuracy (<5% variation). Stable carbon isotopic fingerprints (δ13C) give qualitative information of the consumed fuel type, i.e. coal, C3-plants (wood), liquid fossil fuels (diesel) or gas flaring (methane and non-methane hydrocarbons). These fingerprints can be used in conjunction with Bayesian statistics, to estimate quantitative source contributions of the sources. Finally, our observations were compared to predictions from a state of the art atmospheric transport model (coupled to BC emissions), conducted by our collaborators at NILU (Norwegian Institute for Air Research). Observed BC concentrations showed a high seasonality throughout the year, with elevated concentrations in the winter, at all sites. The highest concentrations were measured on Svalbard during a short campaign (Jan-Mar 2009) focusing on BC pollution events. Long-term observations showed that Svalbard (2013) had overall the lowest annual BC concentrations, followed by Abisko (2012) and Tiksi (2013). Isotope constraints on BC combustion sources exhibited a high seasonality and big amplitude all across the Eurasian Arctic. Uniform seasonal trends were observed in all three year-round studies, showing fractions of biomass burning of 60-70% in summer and 10-40% in winter. Europe was the major source region (>80%) for BC emissions arriving at Abisko and the main sources were liquid fossil fuels and biomass burning (wood). The model agreed very well with the Abisko observations, showing good model skill and relatively well constrained sources in the European regions of the EI. However, for the Svalbard and East Siberian Arctic observatories the model-observation agreement was not as good. Here, Russia, Europe and China were the major contributors to the mostly liquid fossil and biomass burning BC emissions. This showed that the EI still needs to be improved, especially in regions where emissions are high but observations are scarce (low ratio of observations to emitted pollutant quantity). Strategies for BC mitigation in the (Eurasian) Arctic are probably most efficient, if fossil fuel (diesel) emissions are tackled during winter and spring periods, all across Eurasia.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.

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Vicente-Luis, Andy. "Caractérisation in situ des propriétés optiques et microphysiques des aérosols troposphériques dans l’archipel arctique canadien." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24156.

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Le réchauffement climatique dans l’Arctique canadien est deux fois plus rapide que la moyenne globale, ce qui accélère la fonte de la banquise et bouleverse radicalement la faune, la flore et les communautés de la région tout entière. Ce réchauffement est causé non seulement par la hausse des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, mais également par des agents de forçage climatique de courte durée comme les aérosols troposphériques. Toutefois, le forçage radiatif des aérosols dans la région polaire est beaucoup moins bien estimé que celui des gaz à effet de serre, notamment le CO2, et demeure toujours incertain. Cette grande incertitude résulte principalement de la grande variabilité spatiotemporelle des propriétés chimiques et physiques des aérosols, en plus de la complexité des boucles de rétroaction observées en Arctique. D’ailleurs, les données sur les caractéristiques des aérosols et de leur répartition à travers la région sont très limitées, et ce, plus particulièrement dans le Haut-Arctique canadien. Pour remédier à ce problème, une série de mesures a été effectuée sur une période de 3 ans (2016-2019) dans le laboratoire de recherche sur l’environnement atmosphérique polaire (PEARL, 80N 86O) situé près de la station météorologique d’Eureka, au Nunavut, Canada. La distribution en taille des aérosols a été mesurée en se servant de plusieurs instruments, dont un compteur optique de particules (OPC), un granulomètre de mobilité électrique à balayage (SMPS) et un granulomètre aérodynamique (APS). Les propriétés optiques des aérosols ont été déterminées avec deux extinctiomètres photoacoustiques (PAX) qui opèrent respectivement à des longueurs d’onde de 405 et 870 nm. Les observations réalisées à l’observatoire PEARL démontrent une forte variation saisonnière dans les propriétés optiques et microphysiques des aérosols polaires. Pendant l’hiver et le printemps, l’atmosphère arctique est envahie par une brume sèche d’origine anthropique qui se traduit par une forte augmentation dans la taille, la concentration en nombre et les propriétés optiques extensives des aérosols. Les épisodes de brume arctique commencent généralement en mi-décembre, où des évènements de poussières minérales ont aussi été observés, et se terminent en mai où la formation et le grossissement de nouvelles particules s’amorcent. Le début du printemps mesure les concentrations d’aérosol en mode accumulation les plus élevées durant l’année. Les aérosols les plus sombres qui composent la brume arctique ont été identifiés comme étant de la suie ou du carbone noir transporté dans l’Arctique à partir de l’Eurasie et de l’Alaska. Quelques relations systématiques entre les propriétés optiques et la distribution de taille des aérosols ont également été calculées et révèlent une différence majeure entre les aérosols interagissant avec la lumière à 405 et 870 nm.
Global warming in the Canadian Arctic is twice as fast as the global average, accelerating the melting of sea ice and radically disrupting the fauna, the flora, and the communities of the whole region. Arctic warming is caused not only by rising greenhouse gas emissions, but also by the short-lived climate forcing agents such as tropospheric aerosols. However, aerosol radiative forcing in the polar region is less precisely estimated than that of greenhouse gases, notably CO2, and remains highly uncertain. This large uncertainty arises mainly from the high spatiotemporal variability in aerosol chemical and physical properties, in addition to the complexity of the feedback loops observed in the Arctic. Furthermore, datasets on aerosol characteristics and their distribution across the region are very limited, particularly in the Canadian High Arctic. To address this issue, a series of measurements were conducted over a 3-year period (2016-2019) at the Polar Atmospheric Environment Research Laboratory (PEARL, 80N 86W) near Eureka weather station, in Nunavut, Canada. Aerosol size distribution was measured using several instruments including an Optical Particle Counter (OPC), a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS). Aerosol optical properties were determined by two Photoacoustic Extinctiometers (PAXs) which operate at wavelengths of 405 nm and 870 nm, respectively. Observations made at the PEARL observatory show a strong seasonal variation in the optical and microphysical properties of polar aerosols. In the winter and spring, the Arctic atmosphere is impacted by an anthropogenic haze that results in a sharp increase in aerosol size, number concentration, and optical properties. Arctic haze episodes typically occur in mid-December, when mineral dust events have also been observed, and end in May when formation and growth of new particles begin. Early spring exhibits the highest accumulation-mode aerosol concentrations during the year. The darkest Arctic haze aerosols have been identified as soot or black carbon transported into the Arctic from Eurasia and Alaska. Some systematic relationships among aerosol optical properties and size distribution have also been calculated and reveal a major difference between aerosols interacting with light at 405 nm and 870 nm.
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Barta, Robert Michael. "Demography of sympatric arctic and snowshoe hare populations an experimental assessment of interspecific competition /." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19617857.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1988.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-36).
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Byrom, Andrea Elizabeth. "Population ecology of arctic ground squirrels in the boreal forest during the decline and low phases of a snowshoe hare cycle." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7269.

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I examined food and predation as factors limiting arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryii plesius) populations during the decline and low phases of a snowshoe hare cycle (1992 - 1995). Food and predator limitation were tested experimentally with large-scale (36-ha) experimental manipulations: two food-supplemented areas, a predator exclosure, and a food-supplemented treatment where predators were also excluded. Predator removal doubled population density, while addition of food resulted in a four-fold density increase. Removal of predators and addition of food together resulted in a 10-fold increase in arctic ground squirrel population densities. Population densities and adult survival rates were lower in 1992 and 1993 (two years after the snowshoe hare population decline) than in 1994 and 1995. Food supply and predation interact to limit arctic ground squirrel population densities in the boreal forest during the decline and low phases of the snowshoe hare cycle. Supplemental food did not affect dispersal distances or dispersal frequency of 172 radio-collared juveniles of either sex in any year. Juveniles that moved farther from their natal burrow were more likely to die. Males moved farther than females and died more frequently. Dispersal tendency was unrelated to population density in males. Females increased their tendency to disperse only on a study site with population densities 17x those of control populations. Male arctic ground squirrels probably disperse to avoid inbreeding, while females may disperse in response to resource limitation at very high densities. Philopatric females had higher fitness than females that dispersed, particularly if survival during dispersal was taken into account. As population density increased from 1992 - 1995, home range overlap of adult females also increased, as daughters survived to reproductive age in contact with their mother's home range. A stage-based simulation model of the annual cycle of activity and hibernation in arctic ground squirrels was strongly sensitive to adult and juvenile female survival. Arctic ground squirrel populations in the boreal forest can sustain a positive rate of population increase during the low phase of the snowshoe hare cycle, facilitated by flexibility of adult female home range overlap and high adult female survival.
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Books on the topic "Arctic Haze"

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Arctic hares. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2006.

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Shea, Therese. Arctic hares. New York: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2011.

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Shea, Therese. Arctic hares. New York: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2011.

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ill, Howarth Daniel, ed. Santa's little helper. New York, N.Y: Orchard Books, 2008.

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White, Kathryn. Snowshoe the hare. London: Egmont, 2005.

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White, Kathryn. Snowshoe the hare. New York: Crabtree Pub., 2005.

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Spinelli, Eileen. Polar bear, arctic hare: Poems of the frozen North. Honesdale, Pa: Wordsong, 2007.

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ill, Bernhard Durga, ed. How Snowshoe Hare rescued the sun: A tale from the Arctic. New York: Holiday House, 1993.

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The trail of the Hare: Environment and stress in a sub-Arctic community. 2nd ed. Yverdon, Switzerland: Gordon and Breach, 1993.

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Trettin, Hans Peter. Pre-Carboniferous geology of the northern part of the Arctic Islands: Hazen Fold Belt and adjacent parts of Central Ellesmere Fold Belt, Ellesmere Island. Ottawa, Canada: Geological Survey of Canada, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Arctic Haze"

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Shaw, Glenn E., and M. A. K. Khalil. "Arctic Haze." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 69–111. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46113-5_3.

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Kahl, Jonathan D., Joyce M. Harris, Gary A. Herbert, and Marvin P. Olson. "Intercomparison of Long-Range Trajectory Models Applied to Arctic Haze." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application VII, 175–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6409-6_14.

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Koivurova, Timo. "Race to Resources in the Arctic: Have We Progressed in Our Understanding of What Takes Place in the Arctic?" In The New Arctic, 189–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17602-4_14.

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Pletser, Vladimir. "The Arctic After—What Have We Learned from This Simulation?" In On To Mars!, 65–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7030-3_3.

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Tennberg, Monica, Terhi Vuojala-Magga, and Minna Turunen. "The Ivalo River and its People: There Have Always Been Floods – What Is Different Now?" In Community Adaptation and Vulnerability in Arctic Regions, 221–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9174-1_9.

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van Amstel, Andre, Amy Lauren Lovecraft, Maureen Biermann, Roberta Marinelli, and Douglas C. Nord. "The Assessment and Evaluation of Arctic Research – Where Have We Come From and Where Do We Need to Go in the Future?" In Nordic Perspectives on the Responsible Development of the Arctic: Pathways to Action, 413–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52324-4_19.

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Shaw, G. "ARCTIC HAZE." In Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, 155–59. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-227090-8/00073-7.

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Russell, L. M., and G. E. Shaw. "ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC | Arctic Haze." In Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, 116–21. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-382225-3.00073-6.

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Shaw, Glenn E. "The arctic haze–arctic cloud connection." In Arctic Air Pollution, 143–50. Cambridge University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511565496.014.

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Valero, Francisco P. J., and Thomas P. Ackerman. "Arctic haze and the radiation balance." In Arctic Air Pollution, 121–34. Cambridge University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511565496.012.

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Conference papers on the topic "Arctic Haze"

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Hoff, R. M. "Lidar observations of arctic haze." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo.1986.fg2.

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Masvie, Nils Andreas. "Do Arctic Hydrocarbons have a Place in Today's Market? Regulatory Issues." In OTC Arctic Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/29159-ms.

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Cahay, Marc. "Full Year Drilling Season for MODU in Arctic Area." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18136.

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Abstract Exploitation of the Arctic’s resources requires the mastery of the risks caused by extreme ice conditions. The design of offshore structures subjected to extreme ice conditions is a challenge for engineers since there are very few advanced numerical design tools available in the market. Especially those able to cope with any kind of structure geometry and a large variety of ice interaction & failure mechanisms. For developments in arctic shallow water between 50m to 200m water depth it is not possible to use conventional drilling rigs as it is either too deep for fixed or too shallow for floating operations. The other possibility is to have drilling equipment on the platform such as on Prirazlomnaya but then, with a drilling campaign of 5 to 7 years this represents a significant CAPEX compared to the remaining operations time and could imperil the economics of the project. A smart solution would be to use a MODU for full year operations in Arctic regions. Such a solution would not only place the rig into OPEX but also reduce the living quarters on the platform to the minimum strictly necessary for the operations of the platform, the drilling staff being housed on the MODU. Such a solution could reduce the weight of the platform by nearly 50%. This paper presents how it is possible to use an Arctic class MODU such as Arcticheskaya for full year operations in ice infested water.
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Matishov, G. G., S. L. Dzhenyuk, and S. Dahle. "Environmental Impact Assessment In The Ice-Filled Waters, Do We Have The Necessary Information?" In Arctic Shelf Oil & Gas Conference 2004. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.185.section5_12.

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Poole, W. J., M. Militzer, F. Fazeli, M. Maalekian, C. Penniston, and D. Taylor. "Microstructure Evolution in the HAZ of Girth Welds in Linepipe Steels for the Arctic." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31155.

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A critical aspect of building pipelines to transport natural gas will be development of suitable high strength steels and new economic welding procedures, e.g. dual torch welding, without compromising the pipeline’s structural integrity during its in-service performance. The objective of this project is to predict the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) of an X80 linepipe steel as a function of its temperature-time history. The approach taken involves a combination of experimental techniques and advanced modelling approaches. On the experimental side, dual-torch weld trials for assessment of spatial and temporal variations of temperature in the HAZ were conducted. To simulate and investigate the microstructure evolutions in the HAZ, i.e. precipitate dissolution, austenite formation, grain growth and decompositions, Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulations were performed. These simulations include rapid heating and cooling tests at rates of up to 1000 °C/s. Notably, real-time monitoring of austenite grain growth was possible by using a novel laser ultrasonic technique. Further, bulk samples were produced using the Gleeble adopting the experimentally determined temperature time history. These bulk specimens were subsequently subjected to tensile and fracture resistance tests. A concise overview of these novel experimental activities, highlighting new insights, is presented and challenges associated with the measurements are discussed.
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Terada, Yoshio, Hiroshi Morimoto, Naoki Doi, and Masahiko Murata. "X80 UOE Pipe With Excellent HAZ Toughness." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57578.

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New X80 UOE pipe manufacturing technology has been developed to attain excellent CTOD properties in HAZ. In the new steel pipe, the HAZ microstructure near the weld fusion line is refined by utilizing the strong suppression of austenite grain growth as well as the formation of intragranular ferrite (IGF). The IGF grows radially from oxides in the same way as in Ti-O steel. The suppression of austenite grain growth is due to the pinning effect by fine particles including ultra fine oxides. As these oxides dispersed in the steels are chemically stable even near the fusion line, the microstructure can be refined. In addition, it is also necessary to suppress the formation of coarse grain boundary ferrite (GBF) near the weld fusion line in order to obtain excellent CTOD properties. So, it was found that the increase of boron addition in weld metal is effective to suppress the formation of coarse GBF near the weld fusion line because boron atoms diffuse into prior austenite grain boundaries near the fusion line from the molten pool during welding. This paper describes new technology for improving CTOD properties in HAZ. The X80 UOE pipe manufactured on a large scale and exhibited excellent CTOD properties at −30°.
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Amadioha, Alexander U., Adam C. Bannister, Simon Slater, and Martin Connelly. "HAZ Toughness: Realistic Testing for Pipeline Integrity." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49179.

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Fracture toughness testing of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of linepipe seam welds is a requirement for most pipeline projects. Occasionally, low individual values can be measured in the HAZ and these have been attributed to, among other factors, the statistical nature of the HAZ and the associated probability of encountering local brittle zones. The structural significance of these outliers has remained a subject of debate between linepipe users and manufacturers [1], especially as their low significance can be demonstrated via large-scale structurally-representative tests [2–3]. To circumvent the higher cost of such large-scale testing, constraint-corrected fracture toughness testing can be used such that the conditions in the small-scale test more closely reflect those in service. However, there is little consistency between the many test and application codes in terms of how such tests should be carried out, and what steps are required to demonstrate that the measured toughness is structurally representative. Furthermore, the level of benefit to be obtained cannot be easily predicted. In the current study, a range of fracture mechanics tests was conducted on the HAZ of the longitudinal seam weld of a grade X65 U-O-E SAW pipe. Varying degrees of constraint, scale and loading mode were evaluated to establish the characteristic toughness of the HAZ in a statistical manner, with over fifty specimens tested in total. The specimens tested included notched bend (SENB) and tension (SENT) designs as well as surface notched tension (SNT), all with varying crack depth. The range of specimen and loading types, when compared with the requirements of the various relevant standards, highlighted the contradictory nature of current standards. The toughness established for each set of specific test conditions was used in a theoretical Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA) assuming various levels of applied stress, residual stress and flaw size inputs. The wide range of conclusions that would have been reached based on the small-scale toughness tests carried out under varying levels of constraint was easily demonstrated via the ECA. The conflicting requirements of several testing and application standards for longitudinal welds should be addressed, and their consistency with current approaches for girth welds improved. The study also shows that a single-parameter fracture criterion is an insufficient indicator of real HAZ toughness and constraint (metallurgical and geometrical) level must also be considered. The use of standard deeply-notched CTOD specimens, representing high constraint, gives a highly pessimistic view of seam weld integrity, especially when subsequently combined with an ECA.
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Okatsu, Mitsuhiro, Kenji Oi, Koichi Ihara, and Toshiyuki Hoshino. "High Strength Linepipe With Excellent HAZ Toughness." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51143.

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The API 5L-X65 steel plates for low temperature service were produced using the thermo-mechanical control process (TMCP) with the optimum micro-alloying addition. Featuring of the additions are as low amount of titanium, calcium, niobium, and vanadium as possible, for high heat affected zone (HAZ) toughness and strength. Controlling titanium and nitrogen and the Ti/N ratio, a large number of TiN dispersed finely are formed in steel and the austenite grain size near a weld fusion line is refined remarkably owing to strong pinning effect of TiN. Calcium addition promotes ferrite nucleation, so that increase in fine polygonal ferrites makes microstructure of HAZ much finer. Niobium and vanadium content are reduced, because carbide precipitates are formed when the coarse grain HAZ is reheated around 700 degree C and the precipitation hardening deteriorates HAZ toughness. The trial manufacturing of the 19.5mm, 26.9mm and 31.4mm thick X65 grade UOE pipes was finalized with the satisfactory results. The toughness of longitudinal submerged-arc welds was more than 50 J in Charpy V-notch impact test at −30°C.
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DeGeer, D., and M. Nessim. "Arctic Pipeline Design Considerations." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57802.

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Since the discovery of reserves in arctic regions, operators have been faced with a number of challenges, including assessing appropriate methods of transporting produced hydrocarbons to market. For pipeline systems, designers are required to deal with a number of unique environmental conditions not normally present in other regions of the world. These include ice scour, permafrost thaw and/or frost heave, leak detection and containment, and installation techniques. For offshore applications, novel design alternatives that have been considered to address these issues include pipe-in-pipe systems, non-bonded flexible pipes, composite wrapped pipes, and hybrid pipes. Each alternative offers strengths and weaknesses, depending on the specific hazards or failure event consequences that may exist at the location of interest. For buried onshore pipelines, the key design issue is the potential for high bending strains resulting from frost heave and thaw settlement. For both onshore and offshore pipelines, possible ways to address these issues includes the use of pressure and diameter combinations that lead to thick walls, integration of in-service inspection and maintenance within the design philosophy, stringent quality control for girth welds, and selection of materials with appropriate post yield behaviour. Because of the lack of traditional design solutions to these challenges, limit state, reliability-based and strain-based design methods are now preferred for arctic applications. The implementation of these methods requires a good understanding of linepipe material behaviour, soil loading conditions, ice loading mechanisms, and the consequences associated with product release. They allow the integration of analytical and experimental assessments into the overall design philosophy, which has been shown to improve design concept confidence and reduce overall uncertainty. This paper describes some of the key challenges facing the design of both onshore and offshore pipelines. It describes some of the current design options and how reliability-based and strain-based methods can be used to integrate essential information from a number of analytical and experimental sources into an overall framework that addresses the challenges and leads to optimal design decisions. It discusses the state of the art in this area and identifies knowledge gaps that need to be filled.
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Paulin, Mike, Jonathan Caines, Amy Davis, Duane DeGeer, and Todd Cowin. "The Status of Arctic Offshore Pipeline Standards and Technology." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-19290.

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Abstract Offshore pipelines in an Arctic or ice-covered environment face unique challenges different from traditional subsea pipeline design. In 2018, Intecsea as lead consultancy delivered a report to the US Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) Alaska Region which provided a comprehensive review and gap analysis of the Status of Arctic Pipeline Standards and Technology. The objective of this study was to provide BSEE with a comprehensive review and gap analysis of current offshore Arctic pipeline design standards, codes and regulations pertaining to design and development of offshore pipelines in the Arctic, and to report on the state-of-the-art and emerging technologies for offshore pipelines in Arctic applications. Project development information from nine existing offshore Arctic pipelines in the U.S., Canada, and Russia was summarized, as well as guidelines and industry best-practice for monitoring and leak detection. This paper provides an overview of the results of this study; what offshore Arctic-specific pipeline design and construction challenges may entail, how they have been overcome in past projects, perceived gaps in regulations, and technology advancements that may help with future developments. This paper also summarizes the results of a comprehensive review and gap analysis of Arctic pipeline standards, assessment of the suitability of a single-walled versus pipe-in-pipe system for Arctic applications and presents information on some of the advancements in pipeline design, installation, operations and repair solutions that may be applicable to an Arctic environment.
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Reports on the topic "Arctic Haze"

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Beauchamp, B., C. T. Sherry, U. Mayr, J. C. Harrison, and A. Desrochers. Moscovian (Upper Carboniferous) to Sakmarian (Lower Permian) stratigraphy (Nansen and Hare Fiord formations; Unit C2), Hvitland Peninsula, northwestern Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/202795.

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Trettin, H. P. Pre-carboniferous geology of the northern part of the Arctic islands, Hazen Fold Belt and adjacent parts of central Ellesmere Fold Belt, Ellesmere Island. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/194326.

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Lasko, Kristofer, and Sean Griffin. Monitoring Ecological Restoration with Imagery Tools (MERIT) : Python-based decision support tools integrated into ArcGIS for satellite and UAS image processing, analysis, and classification. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40262.

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Monitoring the impacts of ecosystem restoration strategies requires both short-term and long-term land surface monitoring. The combined use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and satellite imagery enable effective landscape and natural resource management. However, processing, analyzing, and creating derivative imagery products can be time consuming, manually intensive, and cost prohibitive. In order to provide fast, accurate, and standardized UAS and satellite imagery processing, we have developed a suite of easy-to-use tools integrated into the graphical user interface (GUI) of ArcMap and ArcGIS Pro as well as open-source solutions using NodeOpenDroneMap. We built the Monitoring Ecological Restoration with Imagery Tools (MERIT) using Python and leveraging third-party libraries and open-source software capabilities typically unavailable within ArcGIS. MERIT will save US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) districts significant time in data acquisition, processing, and analysis by allowing a user to move from image acquisition and preprocessing to a final output for decision-making with one application. Although we designed MERIT for use in wetlands research, many tools have regional or global relevancy for a variety of environmental monitoring initiatives.
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Vas, Dragos, Steven Peckham, Carl Schmitt, Martin Stuefer, Ross Burgener, and Telayna Wong. Ice fog monitoring near Fairbanks, AK. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40019.

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Ice fog events, which occur during the Arctic winter, result in greatly decreased visibility and can lead to an increase of ice on roadways, aircraft, and airfields. The Fairbanks area is known for ice fog conditions, and previous studies have shown these events to be associated with moisture released from local power generation. Despite the identified originating mechanism of ice fog, there remains a need to quantify the environmental conditions controlling its origination, intensity, and spatial extent. This investigation focused on developing innovative methods of identifying and characterizing the environmental conditions that lead to ice fog formation near Fort Wainwright, Alaska. Preliminary data collected from December 2019 to March 2020 suggest that ice fog events occurred with temperatures below −34°C, up to 74% of the time ice fog emanated from the power generation facility, and at least 95% of ice particles during ice fog events were solid droxtals with diameters ranging from 7 to 50 μm. This report documents the need for frequent and detailed observations of the meteorological conditions in combination with photographic and ice particle observations. Datasets from these observations capture the environmental complexity and the impacts from energy generation in extremely cold weather conditions.
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Douglas, Thomas, and Caiyun Zhang. Machine learning analyses of remote sensing measurements establish strong relationships between vegetation and snow depth in the boreal forest of Interior Alaska. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41222.

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The seasonal snowpack plays a critical role in Arctic and boreal hydrologic and ecologic processes. Though snow depth can be different from one season to another there are repeated relationships between ecotype and snowpack depth. Alterations to the seasonal snowpack, which plays a critical role in regulating wintertime soil thermal conditions, have major ramifications for near-surface permafrost. Therefore, relationships between vegetation and snowpack depth are critical for identifying how present and projected future changes in winter season processes or land cover will affect permafrost. Vegetation and snow cover areal extent can be assessed rapidly over large spatial scales with remote sensing methods, however, measuring snow depth remotely has proven difficult. This makes snow depth–vegetation relationships a potential means of assessing snowpack characteristics. In this study, we combined airborne hyperspectral and LiDAR data with machine learning methods to characterize relationships between ecotype and the end of winter snowpack depth. Our results show hyperspectral measurements account for two thirds or more of the variance in the relationship between ecotype and snow depth. An ensemble analysis of model outputs using hyperspectral and LiDAR measurements yields the strongest relationships between ecotype and snow depth. Our results can be applied across the boreal biome to model the coupling effects between vegetation and snowpack depth.
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Aalto, Juha, and Ari Venäläinen, eds. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.

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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.
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