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Journal articles on the topic 'Arctic, Modelling, Black Carbon, Climate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 16 September 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Macdonald, Katrina M., Sangeeta Sharma, Desiree Toom, et al. "Observations of atmospheric chemical deposition to high Arctic snow." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 9 (2017): 5775–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5775-2017.

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Abstract. Rapidly rising temperatures and loss of snow and ice cover have demonstrated the unique vulnerability of the high Arctic to climate change. There are major uncertainties in modelling the chemical depositional and scavenging processes of Arctic snow. To that end, fresh snow samples collected on average every 4 days at Alert, Nunavut, from September 2014 to June 2015 were analyzed for black carbon, major ions, and metals, and their concentrations and fluxes were reported. Comparison with simultaneous measurements of atmospheric aerosol mass loadings yields effective deposition velociti

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2

Kostrykin, Sergey, Anastasia Revokatova, Alexey Chernenkov, Veronika Ginzburg, Polina Polumieva, and Maria Zelenova. "Black Carbon Emissions from the Siberian Fires 2019: Modelling of the Atmospheric Transport and Possible Impact on the Radiation Balance in the Arctic Region." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (2021): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070814.

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The work is devoted to the study of the climatic effects of black carbon (BC) transferred from forest fires to the Arctic zone. The HYSPLIT (The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model) trajectory model was used to initially assess the potential for particle transport from fires. The results of the trajectory analysis of the 2019 fires showed that the probability of the transfer of particles to the Arctic ranges from 1% to 10%, and in some cases increases to 20%. Detailed studies of the possible influence of BC ejected as a result of fires became possible by using the cli

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Ruppel, Meri M., Joana Soares, Jean-Charles Gallet, et al. "Do contemporary (1980–2015) emissions determine the elemental carbon deposition trend at Holtedahlfonna glacier, Svalbard?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 20 (2017): 12779–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12779-2017.

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Abstract. The climate impact of black carbon (BC) is notably amplified in the Arctic by its deposition, which causes albedo decrease and subsequent earlier snow and ice spring melt. To comprehensively assess the climate impact of BC in the Arctic, information on both atmospheric BC concentrations and deposition is essential. Currently, Arctic BC deposition data are very scarce, while atmospheric BC concentrations have been shown to generally decrease since the 1990s. However, a 300-year Svalbard ice core showed a distinct increase in EC (elemental carbon, proxy for BC) deposition from 1970 to

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4

Köllner, Franziska, Johannes Schneider, Megan D. Willis, et al. "Chemical composition and source attribution of sub-micrometre aerosol particles in the summertime Arctic lower troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 8 (2021): 6509–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6509-2021.

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Abstract. Aerosol particles impact the Arctic climate system both directly and indirectly by modifying cloud properties, yet our understanding of their vertical distribution, chemical composition, mixing state, and sources in the summertime Arctic is incomplete. In situ vertical observations of particle properties in the high Arctic combined with modelling analysis on source attribution are in short supply, particularly during summer. We thus use airborne measurements of aerosol particle composition to demonstrate the strong contrast between particle sources and composition within and above th

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5

Gong, Wanmin, Stephen R. Beagley, Sophie Cousineau, et al. "Assessing the impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the Canadian Arctic and northern regions: current and future modelled scenarios." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 22 (2018): 16653–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16653-2018.

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Abstract. A first regional assessment of the impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the Canadian Arctic and northern regions was conducted in this study. Model simulations were carried out on a limited-area domain (at 15 km horizontal resolution) centred over the Canadian Arctic, using the Environment and Climate Change Canada's on-line air quality forecast model, GEM-MACH (Global Environmental Multi-scale – Modelling Air quality and CHemistry), to investigate the contribution from the marine shipping emissions over the Canadian Arctic waters (at both present and projected future lev

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Eckhardt, S., B. Quennehen, D. J. L. Olivié, et al. "Current model capabilities for simulating black carbon and sulfate concentrations in the Arctic atmosphere: a multi-model evaluation using a comprehensive measurement data set." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 7 (2015): 10425–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-10425-2015.

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Abstract. The concentrations of sulfate, black carbon (BC) and other aerosols in the Arctic are characterized by high values in late winter and spring (so-called Arctic Haze) and low values in summer. Models have long been struggling to capture this seasonality and especially the high concentrations associated with Arctic Haze. In this study, we evaluate sulfate and BC concentrations from eleven different models driven with the same emission inventory against a comprehensive pan-Arctic measurement data set over a time period of two years (2008–2009). The set of models consisted of one Lagrangi

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Flanner, Mark G. "Arctic climate sensitivity to local black carbon." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 118, no. 4 (2013): 1840–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50176.

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8

Kühn, Thomas, Kaarle Kupiainen, Tuuli Miinalainen, et al. "Effects of black carbon mitigation on Arctic climate." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 9 (2020): 5527–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5527-2020.

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Abstract. We use the ECHAM-HAMMOZ aerosol-climate model to assess the effects of black carbon (BC) mitigation measures on Arctic climate. To this end we constructed several mitigation scenarios that implement all currently existing legislation and then implement further reductions of BC in a successively increasing global area, starting from the eight member states of the Arctic Council, expanding to its active observer states, then to all observer states, and finally to the entire globe. These scenarios also account for the reduction of the co-emitted organic carbon (OC) and sulfate (SU). We

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9

Romppanen, Seita. "Arctic climate governance via EU law on black carbon?" Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law 27, no. 1 (2018): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/reel.12241.

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10

Sand, M., T. K. Berntsen, J. E. Kay, J. F. Lamarque, Ø. Seland, and A. Kirkevåg. "The Arctic response to remote and local forcing of black carbon." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 1 (2013): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-211-2013.

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Abstract. Recent studies suggest that the Arctic temperature response to black carbon (BC) forcing depend strongly on the location of the forcing. We investigate how atmospheric BC in the mid-latitudes remotely influence the Arctic climate, and compare this with the response to atmospheric BC located in the Arctic itself. In this study, idealized climate simulations are carried out with a fully coupled Earth System Model, which includes a comprehensive treatment of aerosol microphysics. In order to determine how BC transported to the Arctic and BC sources not reaching the Arctic impact the Arc

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Sand, M., T. K. Berntsen, J. E. Kay, J. F. Lamarque, Ø. Seland, and A. Kirkevåg. "The Arctic response to remote and local forcing of black carbon." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 7 (2012): 18379–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-18379-2012.

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Abstract. Recent studies suggest that the Arctic temperature response to black carbon (BC) forcing depend on the location of the forcing. We investigate how BC in the mid-latitudes remotely influence the Arctic climate, and compare this with the response to BC located in the Arctic it self. In this study, idealized climate simulations are carried out with a fully coupled Earth System Model, which includes a comprehensive treatment of aerosol microphysics. In order to determine how BC transported to the Arctic and BC sources not reaching the Arctic impact the Arctic climate, forcing from BC aer

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12

McConnell, J. R., R. Edwards, G. L. Kok, et al. "20th-Century Industrial Black Carbon Emissions Altered Arctic Climate Forcing." Science 317, no. 5843 (2007): 1381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1144856.

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13

Corbett, J. J., D. A. Lack, J. J. Winebrake, S. Harder, J. A. Silberman, and M. Gold. "Arctic shipping emissions inventories and future scenarios." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 4 (2010): 10271–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-10271-2010.

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Abstract. The Arctic is a sensitive region in terms of climate change and a rich natural resource for global economic activity. Arctic shipping is an important contributor to the region's anthropogenic air emissions, including black carbon – a short-lived climate forcing pollutant especially effective in accelerating the melting of ice and snow. These emissions are projected to increase as declining sea ice coverage due to climate change allows for increased shipping activity in the Arctic. To understand the impacts of these increased emissions, scientists and modelers require high-resolution,

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14

Grant, Robert F., Walter C. Oechel, and Chien-Lu Ping. "Modelling carbon balances of coastal arctic tundra under changing climate." Global Change Biology 9, no. 1 (2002): 16–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00549.x.

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15

Shen, Zhaoyi, Yi Ming, Larry W. Horowitz, V. Ramaswamy, and Meiyun Lin. "On the Seasonality of Arctic Black Carbon." Journal of Climate 30, no. 12 (2017): 4429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0580.1.

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Arctic haze has a distinct seasonal cycle with peak concentrations in winter but pristine conditions in summer. It is demonstrated that the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) atmospheric general circulation model (AM3) can reproduce the observed seasonality of Arctic black carbon (BC), an important component of Arctic haze. The model is used to study how large-scale circulation and removal drive the seasonal cycle of Arctic BC. It is found that despite large seasonal shifts in the general circulation pattern, the transport of BC into the Arctic varies little throughout the year. The

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Corbett, J. J., D. A. Lack, J. J. Winebrake, S. Harder, J. A. Silberman, and M. Gold. "Arctic shipping emissions inventories and future scenarios." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 19 (2010): 9689–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9689-2010.

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Abstract. This paper presents 5 km×5 km Arctic emissions inventories of important greenhouse gases, black carbon and other pollutants under existing and future (2050) scenarios that account for growth of shipping in the region, potential diversion traffic through emerging routes, and possible emissions control measures. These high-resolution, geospatial emissions inventories for shipping can be used to evaluate Arctic climate sensitivity to black carbon (a short-lived climate forcing pollutant especially effective in accelerating the melting of ice and snow), aerosols, and gaseous emissions in

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Winiger, P., T. E. Barrett, R. J. Sheesley, et al. "Source apportionment of circum-Arctic atmospheric black carbon from isotopes and modeling." Science Advances 5, no. 2 (2019): eaau8052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8052.

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Black carbon (BC) contributes to Arctic climate warming, yet source attributions are inaccurate due to lacking observational constraints and uncertainties in emission inventories. Year-round, isotope-constrained observations reveal strong seasonal variations in BC sources with a consistent and synchronous pattern at all Arctic sites. These sources were dominated by emissions from fossil fuel combustion in the winter and by biomass burning in the summer. The annual mean source of BC to the circum-Arctic was 39 ± 10% from biomass burning. Comparison of transport-model predictions with the observ

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18

Lou, Sijia, Yang Yang, Hailong Wang, et al. "Black Carbon Increases Frequency of Extreme ENSO Events." Journal of Climate 32, no. 23 (2019): 8323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0549.1.

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ABSTRACT El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the leading mode of Earth’s climate variability at interannual time scales with profound ecological and societal impacts, and it is projected to intensify in many climate models as the climate warms under the forcing of increasing CO2 concentration. Since the preindustrial era, black carbon (BC) emissions have substantially increased in the Northern Hemisphere. But how BC aerosol forcing may influence the occurrence of the extreme ENSO events has rarely been investigated. In this study, using simulations of a global climate model, we show that in

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19

Yang, Yang, Steven J. Smith, Hailong Wang, Catrin M. Mills, and Philip J. Rasch. "Variability, timescales, and nonlinearity in climate responses to black carbon emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 4 (2019): 2405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2405-2019.

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) particles exert a potentially large warming influence on the Earth system. Reductions in BC emissions have attracted attention as a possible means to moderate near-term temperature changes. For the first time, we evaluate regional climate responses, nonlinearity, and short-term transient responses to BC emission perturbations in the Arctic, midlatitudes, and globally based on a comprehensive set of emission-driven experiments using the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Surface temperature responses to BC emissions are complex, with surface warming over land from

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20

Zhu, Chunmao, Yugo Kanaya, Masayuki Takigawa, et al. "FLEXPART v10.1 simulation of source contributions to Arctic black carbon." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 3 (2020): 1641–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1641-2020.

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Abstract. The Arctic environment is undergoing rapid changes such as faster warming than the global average and exceptional melting of glaciers in Greenland. Black carbon (BC) particles, which are a short-lived climate pollutant, are one cause of Arctic warming and glacier melting. However, the sources of BC particles are still uncertain. We simulated the potential emission sensitivity of atmospheric BC present over the Arctic (north of 66∘ N) using the FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle) Lagrangian transport model (version 10.1). This version includes a new aerosol wet removal scheme, which better r

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21

Khan, Sabaa A. "The Global Commons through a Regional Lens: The Arctic Council on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants." Transnational Environmental Law 6, no. 1 (2016): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102516000157.

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AbstractThe regulation of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) is widely seen as an important dimension of global atmospheric pollution control and climate change governance. SLCPs emitted outside the Arctic influence the Arctic atmosphere, Arctic communities, and the rate of ice melt. As an intergovernmental forum that brings together three of the world’s major petroleum producers (Russia, the United States, and Canada), the Arctic Council has a pivotal role in reducing the rate of Arctic warming through SLCP mitigation. This article explores the Arctic Council’s approach to SLCP mitigation

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22

Chen, Xintong, Shichang Kang, Junhua Yang, and Zhenming Ji. "Investigation of black carbon climate effects in the Arctic in winter and spring." Science of The Total Environment 751 (January 2021): 142145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142145.

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23

Massling, A., I. E. Nielsen, D. Kristensen, et al. "Atmospheric black carbon and sulfate concentrations in Northeast Greenland." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 8 (2015): 11465–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-11465-2015.

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Abstract. Measurements of Black Carbon (BC) in aerosols at the high Arctic field site Villum Research Station (VRS) at Station Nord in North Greenland showed a seasonal variation in BC concentrations with a maximum in winter and spring at ground level. The data was obtained using a Multi Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP). A similar seasonal pattern was found for sulfate concentrations with a maximum level during winter and spring analyzed by ion chromatography. A correlation between BC and sulfate concentrations was observed over the years 2011 to 2013. This finding gives the hint that most l

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Vinogradova, A. A. "TO THE QUESTION OF THE CLIMATE IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC BLACK CARBON IN THE ARCTIC." Ecology. Economy. Informatics.System analysis and mathematical modeling of ecological and economic systems 1, no. 4 (2019): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/2500-395x-2019-1-4-121-128.

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Raatikainen, T., D. Brus, A. P. Hyvärinen, J. Svensson, E. Asmi, and H. Lihavainen. "Black carbon concentrations and mixing state in the Finnish Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 11 (2015): 15621–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-15621-2015.

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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol composition was measured using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) in the Finnish Arctic during winter 2011–2012. The Sammaltunturi measurement site at the Pallas GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) station receives air masses from different source regions including the Arctic Ocean and continental Europe. SP2 is a unique instrument that can give detailed information about mass distributions and mixing state of refractory black carbon (rBC). As expected, the measurements showed widely varying rBC mass concentrations (0–120 ng m−3), which were related to varying cont

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Ren, Lili, Yang Yang, Hailong Wang, Rudong Zhang, Pinya Wang, and Hong Liao. "Source attribution of Arctic black carbon and sulfate aerosols and associated Arctic surface warming during 1980–2018." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 14 (2020): 9067–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9067-2020.

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Abstract. Observations show that the concentrations of Arctic sulfate and black carbon (BC) aerosols have declined since the early 1980s. Previous studies have reported that reducing sulfate aerosols potentially contributed to the recent rapid Arctic warming. In this study, a global aerosol–climate model (Community Atmosphere Model, version 5) equipped with Explicit Aerosol Source Tagging (CAM5-EAST) is applied to quantify the source apportionment of aerosols in the Arctic from 16 source regions and the role of aerosol variations in affecting changes in the Arctic surface temperature from 1980

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Chaudhary, Nitin, Paul A. Miller, and Benjamin Smith. "Modelling past, present and future peatland carbon accumulation across the pan-Arctic region." Biogeosciences 14, no. 18 (2017): 4023–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4023-2017.

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Abstract. Most northern peatlands developed during the Holocene, sequestering large amounts of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. However, recent syntheses have highlighted the gaps in our understanding of peatland carbon accumulation. Assessments of the long-term carbon accumulation rate and possible warming-driven changes in these accumulation rates can therefore benefit from process-based modelling studies. We employed an individual-based dynamic global ecosystem model with dynamic peatland and permafrost functionalities and patch-based vegetation dynamics to quantify long-term carbon accumu

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Raatikainen, T., D. Brus, A. P. Hyvärinen, J. Svensson, E. Asmi, and H. Lihavainen. "Black carbon concentrations and mixing state in the Finnish Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 17 (2015): 10057–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10057-2015.

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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol composition was measured using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) in the Finnish Arctic during winter 2011–2012. The Sammaltunturi measurement site at the Pallas GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) station receives air masses from different source regions including the Arctic Ocean and continental Europe. The SP2 provides detailed information about mass distributions and mixing state of refractory black carbon (rBC). The measurements showed widely varying rBC mass concentrations (0–120 ng m−3), which were related to varying contributions of different source regions

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29

Spackman, J. R., R. S. Gao, W. D. Neff, et al. "Aircraft observations of enhancement and depletion of black carbon mass in the springtime Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 6 (2010): 15167–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-15167-2010.

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Abstract. Understanding the processes controlling black carbon (BC) in the Arctic is crucial for evaluating the impact of anthropogenic and natural sources of BC on Arctic climate. Vertical profiles of BC mass were observed from the surface to near 7-km altitude in April 2008 using a Single-Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) during flights on the NOAA WP-3D research aircraft from Fairbanks, Alaska. These measurements were conducted during the NOAA-sponsored Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project as part of POLARCAT, an International Polar Year (IPY) activ

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Spackman, J. R., R. S. Gao, W. D. Neff, et al. "Aircraft observations of enhancement and depletion of black carbon mass in the springtime Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 19 (2010): 9667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9667-2010.

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Abstract. Understanding the processes controlling black carbon (BC) in the Arctic is crucial for evaluating the impact of anthropogenic and natural sources of BC on Arctic climate. Vertical profiles of BC mass loadings were observed from the surface to near 7-km altitude in April 2008 using a Single-Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) during flights on the NOAA WP-3D research aircraft from Fairbanks, Alaska. These measurements were conducted during the NOAA-sponsored Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project. In the free troposphere, the Arctic air mass was i

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Goldenson, N., S. J. Doherty, C. M. Bitz, M. M. Holland, B. Light, and A. J. Conley. "Arctic climate response to forcing from light-absorbing particles in snow and sea ice in CESM." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 2 (2012): 5341–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-5341-2012.

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Abstract. The presence of light-absorbing aerosol particles deposited on arctic snow and sea ice influences the surface albedo, causing greater shortwave absorption, warming, and loss of snow and sea ice, lowering the albedo further. The Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) now includes the radiative effects of light-absorbing particles in snow on land and sea ice and in sea ice itself. We investigate the model response to the deposition of black carbon and dust to both snow and sea ice. For these purposes we employ a slab ocean version of CESM1, using the Community Atmosphere Model

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Goldenson, N., S. J. Doherty, C. M. Bitz, M. M. Holland, B. Light, and A. J. Conley. "Arctic climate response to forcing from light-absorbing particles in snow and sea ice in CESM." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 17 (2012): 7903–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7903-2012.

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Abstract. The presence of light-absorbing aerosol particles deposited on arctic snow and sea ice influences the surface albedo, causing greater shortwave absorption, warming, and loss of snow and sea ice, lowering the albedo further. The Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) now includes the radiative effects of light-absorbing particles in snow on land and sea ice and in sea ice itself. We investigate the model response to the deposition of black carbon and dust to both snow and sea ice. For these purposes we employ a slab ocean version of CESM1, using the Community Atmosphere Model

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Zhang, W., C. Jansson, P. A. Miller, B. Smith, and P. Samuelsson. "Biogeophysical feedbacks enhance Arctic terrestrial carbon sink in regional Earth system dynamics." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 5 (2014): 6715–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-6715-2014.

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Abstract. Continued warming of the Arctic will likely accelerate terrestrial carbon (C) cycling by increasing both uptake and release of C. There are still large uncertainties in modelling Arctic terrestrial ecosystems as a source or sink of C. Most modelling studies assessing or projecting the future fate of C exchange with the atmosphere are based an either stand-alone process-based models or coupled climate–C cycle general circulation models, in either case disregarding biogeophysical feedbacks of land surface changes to the atmosphere. To understand how biogeophysical feedbacks will impact

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Massling, A., I. E. Nielsen, D. Kristensen, et al. "Atmospheric black carbon and sulfate concentrations in Northeast Greenland." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 16 (2015): 9681–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9681-2015.

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Abstract. Measurements of equivalent black carbon (EBC) in aerosols at the high Arctic field site Villum Research Station (VRS) at Station Nord in North Greenland showed a seasonal variation in EBC concentrations with a maximum in winter and spring at ground level. Average measured concentrations were about 0.067 ± 0.071 for the winter and 0.011 ± 0.009 for the summer period. These data were obtained using a multi-angle absorption photometer (MAAP). A similar seasonal pattern was found for sulfate concentrations with a maximum level during winter and spring analyzed by ion chromatography. Here

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Szpak, Agnieszka. "Arctic Athabaskan Council’s petition to the Inter-American Commission on human rights and climate change—business as usual or a breakthrough?" Climatic Change 162, no. 3 (2020): 1575–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02826-y.

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Abstract In 2013, the Arctic Athabaskan Council representing the Arctic Athabaskan peoples filed a petition to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. The Council sought relief for violations of their rights resulting from rapid Arctic warming and melting caused by emissions of black carbon by Canada. The aim of the paper is to show legal complaints and arguments of a particular indigenous people, Arctic Athabaskans—arguments intended to enforce Canada’s obligation to reduce or eliminate black carbon emissions, which negatively affect numerous rights of indigenous Athabaskans. Additiona

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Stohl, A., Z. Klimont, S. Eckhardt, et al. "Black carbon in the Arctic: the underestimated role of gas flaring and residential combustion emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 17 (2013): 8833–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8833-2013.

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Abstract. Arctic haze is a seasonal phenomenon with high concentrations of accumulation-mode aerosols occurring in the Arctic in winter and early spring. Chemistry transport models and climate chemistry models struggle to reproduce this phenomenon, and this has recently prompted changes in aerosol removal schemes to remedy the modeling problems. In this paper, we show that shortcomings in current emission data sets are at least as important. We perform a 3 yr model simulation of black carbon (BC) with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART. The model is driven with a new emission da

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Browse, J., K. S. Carslaw, S. R. Arnold, K. Pringle, and O. Boucher. "The scavenging processes controlling the seasonal cycle in Arctic sulphate and black carbon aerosol." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 1 (2012): 3409–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-3409-2012.

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Abstract. The seasonal cycle in Arctic aerosol is typified by high concentrations of large aged anthropogenic particles transported from lower latitudes in the late Arctic winter and early spring followed by a sharp transition to low concentrations of locally sourced smaller particles in the summer. However, multi-model assessments show that many models fail to simulate a realistic cycle. Here, we use a global aerosol microphysics model and surface-level aerosol observations to understand how wet scavenging processes control the seasonal variation in Arctic black carbon (BC) and sulphate aeros

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Bona, Kelly Ann, Cindy H. Shaw, James W. Fyles, and Werner A. Kurz. "Modelling moss-derived carbon in upland black spruce forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 4 (2016): 520–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0512.

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Mosses play a key role in the carbon (C) cycle of upland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forests; however, national reporting models such as the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3) do not include mosses. This study examined whether widely available plot-level merchantable tree volume could predict, for black spruce ecosystems in Canada’s boreal forest, the relative proportions of sphagnum and feather moss ground cover and moss net primary productivity (NPP). A field study found that merchantable tree volume was significantly related to tree canopy openness (R2

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Chaudhary, Nitin, Paul A. Miller, and Benjamin Smith. "Modelling Holocene peatland dynamics with an individual-based dynamic vegetation model." Biogeosciences 14, no. 10 (2017): 2571–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2571-2017.

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Abstract. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are designed for the study of past, present and future vegetation patterns together with associated biogeochemical cycles and climate feedbacks. However, most DGVMs do not yet have detailed representations of permafrost and non-permafrost peatlands, which are an important store of carbon, particularly at high latitudes. We demonstrate a new implementation of peatland dynamics in a customized Arctic version of the LPJ-GUESS DGVM, simulating the long-term evolution of selected northern peatland ecosystems and assessing the effect of changing cli

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Evans, M., N. Kholod, V. Malyshev, et al. "Black carbon emissions from Russian diesel sources: case study of Murmansk." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 3 (2015): 3257–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-3257-2015.

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a potent pollutant because of its effects on climate change, ecosystems and human health. Black carbon has a particularly pronounced impact as a climate forcer in the Arctic because of its effect on snow albedo and cloud formation. We have estimated BC emissions from diesel sources in Murmansk Region and Murmansk City, the largest city in the world above the Arctic Circle. In this study we developed a detailed inventory of diesel sources including on-road vehicles, off-road transport (mining, locomotives, construction and agriculture), fishing and diesel generato

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Evans, M., N. Kholod, V. Malyshev, et al. "Black carbon emissions from Russian diesel sources: case study of Murmansk." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 14 (2015): 8349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8349-2015.

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a potent pollutant because of its effects on climate change, ecosystems and human health. Black carbon has a particularly pronounced impact as a climate forcer in the Arctic because of its effect on snow albedo and cloud formation. We have estimated BC emissions from diesel sources in the Murmansk Region and Murmansk City, the largest city in the world above the Arctic Circle. In this study we developed a detailed inventory of diesel sources including on-road vehicles, off-road transport (mining, locomotives, construction and agriculture), ships and diesel genera

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Browse, J., K. S. Carslaw, S. R. Arnold, K. Pringle, and O. Boucher. "The scavenging processes controlling the seasonal cycle in Arctic sulphate and black carbon aerosol." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 15 (2012): 6775–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6775-2012.

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Abstract. The seasonal cycle in Arctic aerosol is typified by high concentrations of large aged anthropogenic particles transported from lower latitudes in the late Arctic winter and early spring followed by a sharp transition to low concentrations of locally sourced smaller particles in the summer. However, multi-model assessments show that many models fail to simulate a realistic cycle. Here, we use a global aerosol microphysics model (GLOMAP) and surface-level aerosol observations to understand how wet scavenging processes control the seasonal variation in Arctic black carbon (BC) and sulph

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Pu, Wei, Tenglong Shi, Jiecan Cui, Yang Chen, Yue Zhou, and Xin Wang. "Enhancement of snow albedo reduction and radiative forcing due to coated black carbon in snow." Cryosphere 15, no. 5 (2021): 2255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2255-2021.

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Abstract. When black carbon (BC) is mixed internally with other atmospheric particles, the BC light absorption effect is enhanced. This study explicitly resolved the optical properties of coated BC in snow based on the core / shell Mie theory and the Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiative (SNICAR) model. Our results indicated that the BC coating effect enhances the reduction in snow albedo by a factor ranging from 1.1–1.8 for a nonabsorbing shell and 1.1–1.3 for an absorbing shell, depending on the BC concentration, snow grain radius, and core / shell ratio. We developed parameterizations of the BC

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Ødemark, K., S. B. Dalsøren, B. H. Samset, T. K. Berntsen, J. S. Fuglestvedt, and G. Myhre. "Short lived climate forcers from current shipping and petroleum activities in the Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 7 (2011): 21569–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-21569-2011.

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Abstract. Atmospheric concentration changes and the resulting radiative forcing (RF) due to emissions from shipping and petroleum activity in the Arctic have been studied, using three-dimensional chemistry transport (OsloCTM2) and radiative transfer models. The present work focuses on short-lived climate forcers, based on a coherent dataset of present day emissions from petroleum and shipping activities in the Arctic region. We find that the net forcing effect of Arctic shipping emissions of short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) is negative, while the net effect from Arctic petroleum emissions o

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Zhang, W., C. Jansson, P. A. Miller, B. Smith, and P. Samuelsson. "Biogeophysical feedbacks enhance the Arctic terrestrial carbon sink in regional Earth system dynamics." Biogeosciences 11, no. 19 (2014): 5503–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5503-2014.

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Abstract. Continued warming of the Arctic will likely accelerate terrestrial carbon (C) cycling by increasing both uptake and release of C. Yet, there are still large uncertainties in modelling Arctic terrestrial ecosystems as a source or sink of C. Most modelling studies assessing or projecting the future fate of C exchange with the atmosphere are based on either stand-alone process-based models or coupled climate–C cycle general circulation models, and often disregard biogeophysical feedbacks of land-surface changes to the atmosphere. To understand how biogeophysical feedbacks might impact o

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Pozzoli, Luca, Srdan Dobricic, Simone Russo, and Elisabetta Vignati. "Impacts of large-scale atmospheric circulation changes in winter on black carbon transport and deposition to the Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 19 (2017): 11803–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11803-2017.

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Abstract. Winter warming and sea-ice retreat observed in the Arctic in the last decades may be related to changes of large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern, which may impact the transport of black carbon (BC) to the Arctic and its deposition on the sea ice, with possible feedbacks on the regional and global climate forcing. In this study we developed and applied a statistical algorithm, based on the maximum likelihood estimate approach, to determine how the changes of three large-scale weather patterns associated with increasing temperatures in winter and sea-ice retreat in the Arctic imp

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Schulz, Hannes, Marco Zanatta, Heiko Bozem, et al. "High Arctic aircraft measurements characterising black carbon vertical variability in spring and summer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 4 (2019): 2361–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2361-2019.

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Abstract. The vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) particles in the Arctic atmosphere is one of the key parameters controlling their radiative forcing and thus role in Arctic climate change. This work investigates the presence and properties of these light-absorbing aerosols over the High Canadian Arctic (>70∘ N). Airborne campaigns were performed as part of the NETCARE project (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) and provided insights into the variability of the vertical distributions of BC particles in summer 2014 and spring

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Dou, T., C. Xiao, D. T. Shindell, J. Liu, J. Ming, and D. Qin. "The distribution of snow black carbon observed in the Arctic and compared to the GISS-PUCCINI model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 5 (2012): 11245–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-11245-2012.

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Abstract. In this study, we focus on the latest NASA GISS composition-climate model to evaluate its performance in simulating the spatial distribution of snow BC (sBC) in the Arctic relative to present observations. The radiative forcing due to BC deposition to the Arctic snow and sea ice is also estimated. Two sets of model simulations have been done in the analysis, where meteorology is linearly relaxed towards National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and towards NASA Modern Era Reanalysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalyses. Results indicate that both of the modeled

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Ødemark, K., S. B. Dalsøren, B. H. Samset, T. K. Berntsen, J. S. Fuglestvedt, and G. Myhre. "Short-lived climate forcers from current shipping and petroleum activities in the Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 4 (2012): 1979–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1979-2012.

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Abstract. Emissions of short-lived climate forcers (SLCF) in the Arctic region are expected to increase, notably from shipping and petroleum extraction. We here discuss changes in atmospheric SLCF concentrations and resulting radiative forcing (RF) from present day shipping and petroleum activities in the Arctic. The three-dimensional chemistry transport OsloCTM2 and a state of the art radiative forcing model are used, based on a coherent dataset of present day Arctic emissions. We find that the net RF of SLCF of shipping in the Arctic region is negative, mainly due to the direct and indirect

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Quinn, P. K., T. S. Bates, E. Baum, et al. "Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their climate impact and possible mitigation strategies." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 6 (2008): 1723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1723-2008.

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Abstract. Several short-lived pollutants known to impact Arctic climate may be contributing to the accelerated rates of warming observed in this region relative to the global annually averaged temperature increase. Here, we present a summary of the short-lived pollutants that impact Arctic climate including methane, tropospheric ozone, and tropospheric aerosols. For each pollutant, we provide a description of the major sources and the mechanism of forcing. We also provide the first seasonally averaged forcing and corresponding temperature response estimates focused specifically on the Arctic.

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