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1
Chipalkatti, Aseem. "Coming in from the Cold: Recommendations for United States Arctic Policy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1072.
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The purpose of this policy report is to elucidate the current Arctic strategies and capabilities of the major Arctic nations – Canada, Denmark, Norway, Russia, and the United States – with the aim of identifying American shortcomings in the region and potential policy suggestions to correct these failings. The report first illuminates the potential for resource gain in the Arctic, specifically with respect to oil and natural gas and the potential for commercial growth represented by new Arctic shipping routes. The report also discusses the difficulties associated with reaping the rewards of the Arctic, specifically the lack of maritime infrastructure, the additional costs and risks associated with operating in the Arctic, and the speed with which the Arctic is melting.
In general, the report finds that Arctic nations other than the United States are moving aggressively to protect their current and future commercial gains in the Arctic operating space. All countries are doing so by adhering to international legal standards such as the UN Convention on the Laws of the Seas and creating Arctic-specific domestic policies. The much vaunted military expansion in the Arctic is nothing more than countries attempting to protect and police their economic gains in the region. The United States has fallen far behind in all of these regards, and stands to lose out in the Arctic if it does not correct this situation immediately.
The report presents the following suggestions for the United States: Create an “American Arctic Policy” document at the Executive level Accede to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea Approve or facilitate funding for a new heavy icebreaker, while solving the question of the Polar Sea Adjudicate an appropriate compromise on the Beaufort Wedge dispute with Canada Improve bilateral capabilities and create agreements with Russia in the Bering Strait and Canada in the Beaufort Sea Strengthen international Arctic cooperation through strong Arctic Council leadership
2
Bassi, Daniella F. "We Shall Remain: Indigenous Influence in Sixteenth-Century "La Florida" and the Early Twentieth-Century Eastern Arctic." W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550153824.
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Spanish Imperial Missionary Activity and Indian Politics in "La Florida," 1565-1597 in this paper, I argue that Catholic missionization of Calusa, Tequesta, and Guale people in sixteenth-century "La Florida" must be understood not simply as a Spanish colonial endeavor but as a collaboration with native leaders, who encouraged it as a means of increasing their own social and political power. I show that missionization was only successful as long as the presence of friars and a Spanish garrison benefited native leaders. Missionaries were expelled when their upkeep became a burden—that is, when they were no longer a source of socially valuable status items or military assistance against neighboring groups. Euro-Inuit at Wolstenholme Post, 1909-1946: Arctic Foxes and Neighborly Bonds This paper is a case study of white-Inuit relations at the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) Wolstenholme trading post. I show how Inuit influence over the twentieth-century white fox trade contributed to the development of neighborly bonds between Inuit trappers and HBC traders. in the early twentieth century, the eastern Arctic was Inuit territory, far from white Canadian society, and there were multiple entities clamoring for a trading partnership with Inuit. The pressing need to retain Inuit patronage, the communal nature of surviving arctic winters, and the unique backgrounds of the HBC men meant that the latter learned Inuktitut, donned Inuit clothing, hunted and traveled with Inuit, and established friendships with them that went far beyond fur trade business.
3
Murphy, Peter Lorne Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Canada-United States arctic transboundary environmental relations: the implications to the porcupine caribou herd from the proposed hydrocarbon leasing program in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge." Ottawa, 1991.
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4
Strand, Ida. "What does the Increased Fossil Fuel Scarcity mean for the Arctic Region? A Quantitative and Qualitative Content Analysis of Canada, Denmark, Norway, the United States and Russia's Arctic Strategy." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21199.
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This bachelor thesis asks the question, what does the increased fossil fuel scarcity mean for the Arctic region? It further investigates the aim and motives by the five main Arctic states. With the use of structural realism, existing research on the parallels between resource scarcity and conflict and, the combination of two methodological approaches: quantitative and qualitative content analysis, I argue in this study that the five states will act in accordance with the structural realist way and exploit the Arctic due to the protection of their national interests and security. This thesis highlights that, firstly, there is a process of climate change enabling the accessibility to extracting fossil fuel. Secondly, there is an ongoing militarization of the region. With that being said, I argue that the race for fossil fuel will prevail and this will create a destabilizing Arctic region with environmental impacts and militarization that can lead to problematic disputes and even conflicts. Therefore, the Arctic is a vulnerable region with a questionable future due to its economic stakes and militarization.
5
Jönsson, Daniel. "Arctic Conflicts : A study of geopolitical relations and potential conflicts in the High North." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-32308.
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The IPCC report from 2013 predicts radical temperature changes in the world the coming years, with a melting ice cap in the Arctic as consequence. According to geological research made by institutes and scholars from the Arctic states the Arctic is likely to hold the last remaining oil and gas resources of the world. The melting ice cap opens up for resource exploitation and for new naval transportation routes between Asia and Europe and North America. There is a debate over what geopolitical implications these natural resources and the new transportation routes will get for the surrounding Arctic states since the existing international regulations in some areas are inadequate. This debate is divided into two camps; one side argues that the Arctic states will act cooperatively when exploiting the resources and navigating the new transportation routes, while the other side predicts violent and conflictive state behavior. The objective of this study is to analyze existing and potential conflicts in the Arctic through the perspective of leading international relations theories in order to make projections of potential Arctic developments. As analytical tool the study applies a conflict analysis framework to structure and categorize both the findings and the analytical chapter. In this qualitative and abductive study the data has been collected through mainly official state and private documents and text analysis of these documents have been used as method. The study concludes that a combination of both cooperation and competition is likely to occur in the Arctic in future, but cooperation will be the first alternative of choice for states rather than conflict.
6
Estenberg, Gabriel. "The National Security Perspective Revisited. States’ Energy Security and the Environmental Security." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22800.
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The purpose of this thesis is to counterargue Simon Dalby’s claim that the national security perspective should be replaced by a global security perspective. Dalby argues that the national security is inappropriate to capture the current issues regarding the environmental security. To counterargue Dalby’s claim, I represent the national security perspective by using the perspective of states’ energy security, and compare current trends and issues regarding states’ energy security and the environmental security. This is done to argue that states can either chose to enhance their own energy security or the environmental security. Prisoners' Dilemma is then used as a theoretical framework on an explanatory example to provide insights about a dilemma, called the Energy- Environment Dilemma in this thesis, that curbs states’ ability to commit themselves to the cause of protecting the environmental security. The explanatory example used is the strategic importance of the Northwest passage for the U.S. and Canada. The results of this thesis suggests that the national security perspective, in combination with Prisoners’ Dilemma, is useful to provide insights about the Energy-Environmental Dilemma. Replacing it with a global security perspective would be to ignore a perspective which can provide insights about a challenge for states to commit to the cause of protecting the environmental security.
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Chassot, Amanda M. "The Combined Role of ENSO-driven Sea Surface Temperature Variation and Arctic Sea Ice Extent in Defining Climate Conditions in the Southwestern United States." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33527.
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Previous research indicates that future reductions in Arctic sea ice cover (SIC) could alter storm tracks and precipitation patterns in western North America and negatively impact water resources in the American southwest. Other research suggests that multiple periods of increased precipitation and/or cooler temperatures in the American southwest during the Little Ice Age (LIA) were due to strong El Niño events; historical records also describe expanded Arctic SIC at this time. <p>
We use 16th-19th century Arctic SIC records from the ACSYS Historical Ice Chart Archive as a basis for expanding Arctic SIC from 1870 HadISST data to theoretical LIA extents. Then, in a suite of sensitivity studies, we investigate the relative influences of and interactions between El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related sea surface temperature (SST) variation and varying Arctic SIC in controlling storm tracks, precipitation patterns, and overall climate conditions in the American southwest. <p>
We find that tropical Pacific SSTs greatly influence climate system response to variability in Arctic SIC, with ENSO-Neutral SSTs permitting the greatest response. <p>
Additionally, the degree of expansion and symmetry of Arctic SIC also influence precipitation regime response. These findings suggest that the climate response to future Arctic SIC retreat may not only be highly dependent on the spatial patterns and extent of SIC reductions, but also upon ENSO variability, such that El Nino events may reduce the potential climate impact of ice reductions as compared to Neutral or La Nina events.<br>Master of Science
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LAVORIO, AGATA. "IMPACTS OF ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE ON NATIONAL SECURITY: THE UNITED STATES PERSPECTIVE ON HOMELAND DEFENSE IN THE NORTH AMERICAN ARCTIC." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/858357.
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The purpose of this research is to assess whether abrupt climate change (intended
as a major change in physical geography) can be a driver for national security planning.
To demonstrate that geography still affects national security planning, this research
retrieves the concept of environmental causality applied to an empirical case – that of US adaptation
to climate change for homeland defense in an area called “The North American Arctic.”
Consequently, the research frames the adaptation process into a causal mechanism where
proximity to climate change effects (experienced by some actors of the defense
domain) is the cause explaining the change of the United States (US) geostrategic
posture in the Arctic.
Indeed, one of the most severe impacts climate change is having on US national
security regards its homeland defense in the Arctic. Traditionally, the US was granted
continental defense thanks to its invulnerability in the Northern hemisphere. Still, with
the Arctic gatekeeper's collapse caused by climate change, US homeland defense may
be at stake. According to the environmental probabilistic perspective (here adopted),
the fact that climate change is shaping the physical conformation of the Arctic is not
necessarily acknowledged by policy-makers or military leaders since geography does
not dictate predetermined outcomes. It follows that to consider climate change as a
driver, it must be found consistent evidence that actors are including climate change
in national security planning and reacting to its impacts.
To do so, the research reconstructs the process of adaptation to climate change
in the North American Arctic from the point of view of the actors involved in homeland
defense and looks for the cause and the contextual factors of the process. The
research then provides systematic qualitative data (e.g., strategies, reports, grey
literature, journal articles, newspaper interviews) triangulated with some élite
interviews with climate security experts and government officials.
Through the framing of evidence into a causal mechanism supporting the
hypothesis of conscious adaptation, it is demonstrated that 1) proximity to
geographical change can account for a revitalization of the US Arctic posture with a
growing concern over homeland defense itself and 2) that climate change can act, in
the presence of some contextual factors, as a driver for national security planning at
all levels of strategy.
9
Couser, Griffith. "The Case for Icebreakers." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-289309.
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This thesis assesses the potential success of the United States’ newly assumed role as chairman of the Arctic Council in light of its own record of development in Alaska, its only Arctic territory. Using primary and secondary qualitative research, perspectives from multiple stakeholders are analyzed to assess the United States’ current capabilities in the Arctic versus its rhetoric and responsibilities. To gauge this more effectively, the theory of problem-solving capacity is used to analyze the United States’ potential capacity in the Arctic Council, while the theory of environmental security is used to analyze the United States’ level of investment and commitment to Alaska. With development in Alaska minimal at best and local communities at risk from environmental impacts, the ideal tool for addressing these deficiencies is identified to be icebreakers operated by the United States Coast Guard. Impediments to acquiring sufficient icebreaking capacity are explored, with the conclusion that if the United States is to take effective action on the Arctic stage, investment in icebreakers and therefore the environment and inhabitants of the Arctic is necessary. Not doing so reveals the USA’s agenda to be empty rhetoric and consequently this lost opportunity for leadership may lead to catastrophic results for the region.
10
Woitkowitz, John. "Arctic Sovereignty and the Cold War: Canada-U.S. Relations and the Establishment of the DEW Line." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1245353815.
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Dwyer, William G. "The evolving Arctic: current state of U.S. Arctic policy." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37620.
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CHDS State/Local<br>Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>The Arctic environment is in a state of flux and the U.S. government must be prepared to handle the evolution and capitalize on the opportunities. Once barren and desolate, the Arctic is slowly coming to life with industry and commerce brought about by receding ice conditions. Along with that comes the need for a comprehensive and actionable Arctic policy. The other Arctic nations that ring the North Pole are quickly adapting to the shifting Arctic. Unlike the U.S., they have established Arctic policies, are implementing plans to operate in the region, and taking advantage of the opportunities that this new frontier has to offer. The U.S. framework is the National Strategy for the Arctic Region. The plan is short on detail and aspirational in nature. It lacks clear direction and authority. The U.S. has yet to commit to its role as an Arctic nation. The U.S. Arctic lacks infrastructure such as a deep-water port, a joint military base, and additional heavy icebreaker assets. Additionally, there is no lead agency that has authority and funding to carry out U.S. Arctic objectives. Under the current state of affairs, the U.S. is vulnerable to security, economic, and sovereignty issues in the Arctic.
12
Medby, Ingrid Agnete. "Peopling the state : Arctic state identity in Norway, Iceland, and Canada." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12009/.
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As increasing levels of attention are directed northwards to the rapidly changing Arctic region, states and stakeholders from near and far position themselves in anticipation of what is yet to come – challenges and opportunities, Arctic futures. For the eight Arctic states with territory north of the Arctic Circle, this has prompted new emphasis on their ‘Arctic identities’: political claims of homelands and histories through which formal credibility and authority are consolidated and normalised. However, as a space that has often been imagined in terms of distances, frontiers, ice, cold, and snow, Arctic identity narratives are a matter of re-interpretation, re-negotiation, and re-imagination of the ‘nation-state’, who and where ‘we’ are. While emotive statements of identity may or may not resonate with electorates, what has hitherto been less explored is how these work within the state itself to condition political practice. That is, how a formal title of Arctic statehood is understood, related to, and subsequently enacted by those tasked with its everyday performance – indeed, the everyday practices through which the ‘Arctic state’ emerges as such. Recognising the state as an idea(l) that only ‘materialises’ as an effect of practice arguably necessitates attention to those performing said practices – state personnel. To this end, I here introduce the concept of ‘state identity’ discourses in order to explore how state representatives’ articulations of identity are bounded in spatiotemporal terms, and yet, are always relational; the Arctic state comes about through encounters at all scales of interaction, from the international to the intimately personal. With reflections from state representatives in three of the eight Arctic states – Norway, Iceland, and Canada – I argue that we need to acknowledge the numerous subjectivities, stories, and relations through which the Arctic state comes into being, thereby ‘peopling’ the state.
13
Mullen, Patrick Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "State interests and the Arctic environmental protection strategy." Ottawa, 1994.
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14
Grabon, Jeffrey Scott Lieutenant Commander. "An analysis of Atlantic water in the Arctic Ocean using the Arctic Subpolar gyre state estimate and observations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129018.
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Thesis: S.M., Joint Program in Physical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2020<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 91-94).<br>The Atlantic Water (AW) Layer in the Arctic Subpolar gyre sTate Estimate (ASTE), a regional, medium-resolution coupled ocean-sea ice state estimate, is analyzed for the first time using bounding isopycnals. A surge of AW, marked by rapid increases in mean AW Layer potential temperature and AW Layer thickness, begins two years into the state estimate (2004) and traverses the Arctic Ocean along boundary current pathways at approximately 2 cm/s. The surge also alters AW flow direction and speed including a significant reversal in flow direction along the Lomonosov Ridge. The surge results in a new quasi-steady AW flow from 2010 through the end of the state estimate period in 2017. The time-mean AW circulation during this time period indicates a significant amount of AW spreads over the Lomonosov Ridge rather than directly returning along the ridge to Fram Strait. A three-layer depiction of ASTE's overturning circulation within the AO indicates AW is converted to colder, fresher Surface Layer water at a faster rate than is transformed to Bottom Water (1.2 Sv vs. 0.4 Sv). Observed AW properties compared to ASTE output indicate increasing misfit during the simulated period with ASTE's AW Layer generally being warmer and thicker than in observations.<br>by Jeffrey Scott Grabon.<br>S.M.<br>S.M. Joint Program in Physical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)
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McNamara, Terry P. "Determination of changes in the state of the Arctic ice pack using the NPS Pan-Arctic coupled ice-ocean model." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FMcNamara.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Wieslaw Maslowski. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p.53-57). Also available online.
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Biller, Nicole Brooke. "Widespread permafrost thaw during Marine Isotope Stages 11 and 13 recorded by speleothems." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107655.
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Thesis advisor: Jeremy D. Shakun<br>Arctic permafrost contains a substantial stock of carbon that could be released to the atmosphere as CH4 and CO2 upon thawing, making it a potentially powerful amplifier of future warming. The sensitivity of permafrost to climate change is uncertain, however, and occurs on time scales longer than those captured by the instrumental record. Speleothems – cave precipitates deposited from flowing or dripping water – in currently frozen regions record past episodes of thaw, which can be used to assess the response of permafrost to long-term warmth. Here, we present 90 uranium-thorium ages on speleothems from across the North American Arctic, sub-Arctic and northern alpine regions to reconstruct a 600-kyr permafrost history. Widespread speleothem growth supports an episode of extensive permafrost thaw during the Marine Isotope Stage 11 interglacial about 400 ka, when global temperature was only slightly warmer than pre-industrial conditions. Additional growth is evident during MIS 13, curiously, a smaller magnitude interglacial. Ice-core records of atmospheric greenhouse gases do not show elevated concentrations at these times, perhaps suggesting that the permafrost carbon pool was smaller than today or released gradually enough to be buffered by other reservoirs<br>Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2017<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences
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Pellam, Gregory George. "Reconsidering the status of women in archaic Greece." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413458893.
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Jones, Lucas Alan. "Satellite Microwave Remote Sensing of Boreal-Arctic Land Surface State and Meteorology from AMSR-E." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12192007-163830/.
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High latitude regions are undergoing significant climate-related change and represent an integral component of the Earths climate system. Near-surface vapor pressure deficit, soil temperature, and soil moisture are essential state variables for monitoring high latitude climate and estimating the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. Methods are developed and evaluated to retrieve surface soil temperature, daily maximum/minimum air temperature, and land surface wetness information from the EOS Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on the Aqua satellite for eight Boreal forest and Arctic tundra biophysical monitoring sites across Alaska and northern Canada. Daily vapor pressure deficit is determined by employing AMSR-E daily maximum/minimum air temperature retrievals. The seasonal pattern of microwave emission and relative accuracy of the estimated land surface state are influenced strongly by landscape properties including the presence of open water, vegetation type and seasonal phenology, snow cover and freeze-thaw transitions. Daily maximum/minimum air temperature is retrieved with RMSEs of 2.88 K and 2.31 K, respectively. Soil temperature is retrieved with RMSE of 3.1 K. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is retrieved to within 427.9 Pa using thermal information from AMSR-E. AMSR-E thermal information imparted 27% of the overall error in VPD estimation with the remaining error attributable to underlying algorithm assumptions. Land surface wetness information derived from AMSR-E corresponded with soil moisture observations and simple soil moisture models at locations with tundra, grassland, and mixed -forest/cropland land covers (r = 0.49 to r = 0.76). AMSR-E 6.9 GHz land surface wetness showed little correspondence to soil moisture observation or model estimates at locations with > 20% open water and > 5 m2 m-2 Leaf Area Index, despite efforts to remove the impact of open water and vegetation biomass. Additional information on open water fraction and vegetation phenology derived from AMSR-E 6.9 GHz corresponds well with independent satellite observations from MODIS, Sea-Winds, and JERS-1. The techniques and interpretations of high-latitude terrestrial brightness temperature signatures presented in this investigation will likely prove useful for future passive microwave missions and ecosystem modeling.
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Amiraux, Rémi. "Ice biota degradation in the Arctic environment : impact of bacterial stress state on this material's preservation and burial." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0189/document.
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L’océan Arctique, particulièrement sensible au changement climatique, a vu lors des dernières décennies une augmentation de sa température deux fois supérieure à la moyenne mondiale. Certains scientifiques prévoient la disparition complète de la banquise pour 2050. Du fait de la future disparition des algues de glace et de l’augmentation de la fonte du pergélisol, une réévaluation de leurs contributions respectives au stockage de CO2 est nécessaire. Dans cette étude, nous avons ainsi montré que les algues de glace possèdent une forte capacité de préservation dans les sédiments (et donc de stockage du CO2) due à l’incapacité de leurs bactéries à les reminéraliser. A l’inverse, les quantités grandissantes de pergélisol rejetées en mer sont fortement reminéralisables. L’effet conjoint de l’augmentation du rejet de CO2 lors de la dégradation du pergélisol et de la diminution de son stockage par les algues de glace devrait donc contribuer à une amplification du réchauffement climatique<br>With a rise in Arctic temperatures almost twice as large as the global average in recent decades, it is at high latitude that the effects of global warming are the most evident. Thus, some scientists have already predicted the complete disappearance of sea ice for 2050. Due to the future disappearance of ice algae and the increase of permafrost thawing, a reassessment of their respective contributions to CO2 storage was required. We have shown that unlike permafrost, ice algae are highly preserved in sediments (allowing CO2 storage) due to the inability of their bacteria to remineralize them. The combined effect of increasing discharge of permafrost by Arctic rivers and decreasing storage of ice algae due to the disappearance of sea ice should thus contribute to increase the global warming
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Amiraux, Rémi. "Ice biota degradation in the Arctic environment : impact of bacterial stress state on this material's preservation and burial." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0189.
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L’océan Arctique, particulièrement sensible au changement climatique, a vu lors des dernières décennies une augmentation de sa température deux fois supérieure à la moyenne mondiale. Certains scientifiques prévoient la disparition complète de la banquise pour 2050. Du fait de la future disparition des algues de glace et de l’augmentation de la fonte du pergélisol, une réévaluation de leurs contributions respectives au stockage de CO2 est nécessaire. Dans cette étude, nous avons ainsi montré que les algues de glace possèdent une forte capacité de préservation dans les sédiments (et donc de stockage du CO2) due à l’incapacité de leurs bactéries à les reminéraliser. A l’inverse, les quantités grandissantes de pergélisol rejetées en mer sont fortement reminéralisables. L’effet conjoint de l’augmentation du rejet de CO2 lors de la dégradation du pergélisol et de la diminution de son stockage par les algues de glace devrait donc contribuer à une amplification du réchauffement climatique<br>With a rise in Arctic temperatures almost twice as large as the global average in recent decades, it is at high latitude that the effects of global warming are the most evident. Thus, some scientists have already predicted the complete disappearance of sea ice for 2050. Due to the future disappearance of ice algae and the increase of permafrost thawing, a reassessment of their respective contributions to CO2 storage was required. We have shown that unlike permafrost, ice algae are highly preserved in sediments (allowing CO2 storage) due to the inability of their bacteria to remineralize them. The combined effect of increasing discharge of permafrost by Arctic rivers and decreasing storage of ice algae due to the disappearance of sea ice should thus contribute to increase the global warming
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Campbell, Meadow Lea. "Biological Distance in Middle and Late Archaic Populations of the Mid-South United States." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1151.
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This dissertation used osteometrics to assess the level of congruence between biological distance and long-distance material exchange in three Middle and Late Archaic groups living in the mid-South United States. Dental and cranial data support greater biological affinity between groups in southern Illinois (represented by individuals from the Black Earth site) and central Tennessee (individuals from Eva and surrounding sites) while groups in the Green River region of western Kentucky (Shell Mound Archaic) were somewhat more removed or perhaps more isolated. Females were more biologically variable than males for the majority of metrics used. This finding is suggestive of a patrilocal residence pattern, if only loosely followed.
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Berry, Dawn Alexandrea. "The North Atlantic Triangle and the genesis and legacy of the American occupation of Greenland during the Second World War." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8dfcb09d-955e-4d43-a43d-6c7c26f5ef1d.
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On April 9, 1940, Germany invaded Denmark. Instantly, the fate and status of Greenland, a Danish colony, was thrust into limbo. During the war, Greenland’s vital mineral resources and location made it significant for the warring parties on both sides of the Atlantic. However, conflicting international corporate and political interests made any act to defend the island on the part of the Allies, or the officially neutral Americans, problematic. Within a year of the Danish occupation, the American government had signed an agreement for the defense of Greenland, extending the protection of both the Monroe Doctrine and the American military to the island. This action was an important step in the formal expansion of American influence in the Western Hemisphere that occurred during the Second World War. This thesis argues that global economic, political, and technological changes led to Greenland’s increased geopolitical significance and set the stage for a shift in the balance of power within the North Atlantic Triangle. It demonstrates how decisions relating to the security of the island came to be made and how conflicting interests within and between governments affected the genesis of the occupation. It explores how Winston Churchill’s decision to mine the North Sea led to the American occupation of Greenland and examines the ways in which the effects of Churchill’s actions raised concerns in Canada about the possibility of a British defeat, which in turn led Mackenzie King, the Canadian Prime Minister, to align his foreign policy closer to that of the United States’ President Roosevelt. This thesis also asserts that Roosevelt successfully used the potential foreign occupation of Greenland to demonstrate to the American public the dangers of foreign conflicts to the United States and to further his hemispheric security objectives both domestically and abroad. These events had a profound and lasting impact on the relationships within the North Atlantic Triangle and on political identity in Greenland, and signalled an important shift in the foreign policy of the United States toward greater American involvement in world affairs.
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Willey, Hannah Rose. "Law and religion in the archaic and classical Greek poleis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607836.
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Triplett, Linda A. (Linda Ann). "A radiocarbon assessment of the projectile point typology for the archaic period of the Northeast of North America /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65554.
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Winn, Stephen Nicholas Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Co-management under the Inuvialuit final agreement: bridging the gap between indigenous self-regulation and state-based resource management in the western Arctic?" Ottawa, 1991.
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Funani, Luthando Sinethemba. "State, democracy and development: An exploration of the scholarship of professor (Archie) Monwabisi Mafeje." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5238.
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Magister Artium - MA<br>The departing point of the thesis is that the neglect of African's intellectual heritage within the South African Universities and in public discourse undermines the ability of the post-apartheid government to set its developmental agenda and maximize its democratic potential. The thesis highlights the neglect of Professor Mafeje's scholarly contribution as an example of this neglect and argues that an engagement with his scholarly output might have differently shaped the debate on the thematic issues that are covered in this study. Against this backdrop, this study explores Mafeje's scholarly works in the areas of state, development and democracy, specifically focusing on the insight that we can garner from his scholarly works that will allow us to re-examine the challenges of development. In this context Mafeje's work is examined and situated within the social history of his milieus. The study employs social constructionism to explore the scholarship of Professor Mafeje. An important aspect of this theoretical framework is social embeddedness. Brunner (1990:30) has argued that it is culture, not biology that shapes human life and mind. The important aspect of this approach is that it acknowledges that the way we commonly understand the world, the categories and concepts we use, are historically and cultural specific. Mafeje's ideas make sense
when located within complex social contexts in which they were produced. Because he was not producing knowledge in a vacuum, an understanding and appreciation of his ideas must be located within the social history that produced them.
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Höfer, Ilka. "Q.Kun.Hs.1-590 - Spezialkatalog zum Kunowski-Archiv." Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36898.
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Miller, Darcy Shane. "From Colonization to Domestication: A Historical Ecological Analysis of Paleoindian and Archaic Subsistence and Landscape Use in Central Tennessee." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/320030.
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My dissertation project utilizes a theoretical perspective derived from historical ecology to explore the trajectory in prehistoric subsistence that began with the initial colonization of the region and eventually led to the domestication of indigenous plants, such as goosefoot and maygrass, roughly 5,000 calendar years ago. Because a major handicap for exploring prehistoric subsistence in eastern North America is the rarity of sites with preserved flora and fauna, I apply formal models derived from behavioral ecology to stone tool assemblages and archaeological site distributions to evaluate models that have been proposed for the emergence of domesticated plants. Based on my results, I argue that the origins of plant domestication came about within the context of a boom/bust cycle that has its roots in the Late Pleistocene and culminated in the Mid-Holocene. More specifically, warming climate caused a significant peak in the availability of shellfish, oak, hickory, and deer, which generated a "tipping point" during the Middle Archaic period where hunter-gatherer groups narrowed their focus on these resources. After this "boom" ended, some groups shifted to other plant resources that they could intensively exploit in the same manner as oak and hickory, which included the suite of plants that were subsequently domesticated. This is likely due the combined effects of increasing population and declining returns from hunting, which is evident in my analysis of biface technological organization and site distributions from the lower Tennessee and Duck River Valleys. Consequently, these conclusions are an alternative to Smith's (2011) assertion that plant domestication in eastern North America came about as a result of gradual niche construction with no evidence for resource imbalance or population packing.
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Bove, Jens. "Das Archiv der Fotografen in der Deutschen Fotothek." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-101898.
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Im September 2012 hat das Archiv der Fotografen in der Deutschen Fotothek seine Tätigkeit aufgenommen. Die Deutsche Fotothek in der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden übernimmt damit Verantwortung für die Erhaltung und Präsentation fotografischer Werke und Nachlässe als Teil unseres visuellen Erbes.
Die Deutsche Fotothek ist Ansprechpartner für Fotografen und ihre Nachfahren, für Institutionen und Museen, für die Wissenschaft und alle Bilder- Suchende. Sie bewahrt und aktiviert Fotografenarchive oder vermittelt diese in Kooperation mit weiteren fotografischen Institutionen an geeignete Standorte.
Das virtuelle Archiv der Fotografen macht die Lebenswerke bedeutender deutscher oder in Deutschland arbeitender Fotografen anschaulich sichtbar und trägt zur Vermittlung der Vielfalt und Bedeutung deutscher Fotografie bei.
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García, Muriel Rubén José. "Contaminación religiosa en la Grecia arcaica y clásica: estudio crítico de fuentes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672146.
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En esta tesis doctoral presentamos un estudio de la contaminación religiosa y los ritos de purificación en la Grecia arcaica y clásica a partir de la recopilación y el análisis exhaustivo de la documentación literaria y epigráfica disponible. Nuestro objetivo es estudiar cómo este concepto se desarrolla en las fuentes y va adquiriendo una relevancia cada vez mayor, a la vez que su gestión se desplaza progresivamente del ámbito estrictamente privado hacia el marco de las instituciones de la polis. Para ello se parte de un análisis filológico de los textos recopilados, con especial consideración de los datos procedentes de la epigrafía, una fuente de información a veces negligida y que, sin embargo, permite sacar conclusiones de calado sobre la percepción de la impureza y la forma como este fenómeno era gestionado en el seno de las comunidades griegas.
Los primeros capítulos del estudio están dedicados al análisis de la documentación literaria, que presentamos siguiendo un criterio cronológico. Los primeros textos que tratamos pertenecen a la épica homérica, no solo por ser la primera fuente conservada, sino por presentar un tratamiento peculiar de la impureza, aunque todavía muy ligado a la idea básica de suciedad física. A continuación, sigue un análisis de ciertos pasajes de la épica cíclica y la poesía hesiódica donde se aprecia ya una mayor complejidad en el concepto de contaminación religiosa, con una casuística más amplia y unos primeros ejemplos de ritos de purificación, sobre todo en relación con el crimen de sangre. Seguidamente, nuestro análisis nos lleva a tratar la historiografía del siglo V, donde se constata la consolidación de ciertos prototipos literarios relacionados con el homicida y la impureza, así como la importancia de algunos episodios (pseudo-)históricos en los que la pureza ocupa un lugar destacado en la consolidación de instituciones públicas e incluso de élites dominantes en algunas polis, particularmente en Atenas. En idéntica línea, el capítulo siguiente se centra en rituales y fiestas atenienses donde la pureza podía jugar un papel fundamental.
El sexto y último capítulo del estudio trata la documentación epigráfica y es la aportación más novedosa de la tesis, ya que incluye la traducción y el comentario pormenorizado y actualizado de algunas inscripciones poco conocidas, pero de gran interés para la temática aquí analizada. Tras admitir las muchas dificultades para clasificar estos
documentos, hemos optado por dividirlas en tres grandes apartados de acuerdo con su contenido: inscripciones ligadas a cultos o santuarios, inscripciones que se ocupan del proceso de purificación y, en su caso, de reintegración de los homicidas, e inscripciones fúnebres. Pese a encontrarse mayoritariamente en un estado fragmentario, estas inscripciones ofrecen un valioso testimonio de la sofisticación tanto de la impureza ritual como de los rituales de purificación. Asimismo, solo estos documentos permiten conocer y valorar el papel que las instituciones locales tuvieron a la hora de intervenir y delimitar los códigos de pureza ritual en una comunidad concreta.
Por último, el trabajo finaliza con un apartado de conclusiones en el que se sintetizan las aportaciones principales de las diversas fuentes y se plantean algunas aportaciones de mejora. La tesis incluye también las referencias bibliográficas, una tabla de concordancia de inscripciones y un apéndice.<br>This doctoral thesis examines religious contamination as well as purification rites in archaic and classical Greece, based on the compilation and exhaustive analysis of all existing literary and epigraphic evidence. Our main aim is to study how this concept developed and gained an increasing significance, while its handling drifted from a strictly private environment towards the institutional framework of the polis. To do so, we begin with a philological analysis of our corpus paying special attention to the data collected from epigraphical sources, documentation sometimes neglected which, nonetheless, can provide valuable insight into the perception of impurity and the way this matter was handled among Greek communities.
The first texts examined belong to Homeric epic, not only for being the most ancient source but also because they show a peculiar treatment of impurity, although it is still very linked to the basic idea of physical filth. Next to this, there is an analysis of some passages from Cyclic epic and Hesiodic poetry, where it is noticeable that religious contamination appears as a more complex concept: it shows a wider range of uses and there are also the first examples of purification rites, especially concerning bloodshed. After this, our analysis brings us to study 5th century historiography, where certain literary prototypes regarding homicides and impurity are consolidated. Moreover, there are relevant (pseudo-)historical episodes in which purity plays a significant role in the establishment of public institutions and even ruling elites in some poleis – most significantly in Athens. In this same line, the following chapter is focused on Athenian rituals and festivities where purity could play a fundamental role.
The last part of our dissertation addresses epigraphic documentation and is the most innovative contribution of the thesis, since it includes a translation as well as a detailed and updated commentary on some inscriptions which are not so well known, yet highly relevant to our field of study. Having assessed the many difficulties in classifying these documents, we have resolved to divide them into three large categories, according to their content: inscriptions related to cults or sanctuaries; inscriptions on the purification process and, if so, the reintegration of homicides into society; and funerary inscriptions. Albeit mostly fragmentary, these inscriptions provide valuable evidence of how sophisticated ritual impurity and purification rites were. Besides, only these documents enable us to know and assess the role
local institutions played in establishing and delimitating ritual purity codes among a certain community.
Lastly, our dissertation ends with a conclusions section in which we synthesise the most remarkable contributions of the different sources and offer some possible improvements.
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Steinicke, Stefan [Verfasser], Carlo [Akademischer Betreuer] Masala, Carlo [Gutachter] Masala, and Daniel-Erasmus [Gutachter] Khan. "Germany's Arctic Engagement : Between Environmental Responsibilities and Geo-Economic Interests / Stefan Steinicke ; Gutachter: Carlo Masala, Daniel-Erasmus Khan ; Akademischer Betreuer: Carlo Masala ; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Staats- und Sozialwissenschaften." Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1195461976/34.
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Steinicke, Stefan [Verfasser], Carlo [Akademischer Betreuer] Masala, Carlo Gutachter] Masala, and Daniel-Erasmus [Gutachter] [Khan. "Germany's Arctic Engagement : Between Environmental Responsibilities and Geo-Economic Interests / Stefan Steinicke ; Gutachter: Carlo Masala, Daniel-Erasmus Khan ; Akademischer Betreuer: Carlo Masala ; Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Staats- und Sozialwissenschaften." Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1195461976/34.
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Johnson, Caroline E. ""Archie's Girls?" Betty, Veronica, and the Rise of American Youth Culture, 1941-1950." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1461937477.
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Bennesved, Peter. "The Road in the Park : Ideology and State power during the 20th century seen through Maps of the Swedish subarctic Abisko." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-86908.
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The scope of this thesis is to show how the use of maps in political and scientific arguments functions as a mediator between ideological discourse and the physical landscape. This is done by studying three maps displaying the same geographical region but from different times and with different motifs. The maps were studied by operationalizing the French Sociologist Bruno Latour’s concept of immu-table mobiles into a methodological toolset.The thesis shows that the cartographic tradition of the Swedish state throughout the 20th century func-tioned as an immutable mobile that ideological actors could use to form political or scientific argu-ments. An almost trivial point to make. However, the problem is the great distance between state and the place, which in this case is about 1400 kilometers. Thus, the map allows a remote power relation-ship. As the state-owned immutable mobiles were extracted, they were interpreted by the politicians and scientists ideological perspectives. The ideological interpretations were then used in government propositions and reports and thus resulted in actual political decisions that affected the physical land-scape.The creation of Abisko National Park is one example of how this process can look. The park was instigated with a specific set of political goals to be achieved. The political and scientific actors used the immutable mobile that is the map and formed a proposition with it. The act of instigating and upholding the Abisko Valley as a national park is thus a manifestation of both state presence, its supremacy over territory as well as its contemporary ideological context. Moreover, it would be im-possible to instigate a park without the use of maps to define its borders. The planning and ratification of Transnational Road 98 can be seen as another example of the same thing, but with a different contemporary ideology as background.The thesis results in an explanation about what the maps role is in a stately place making process. Additionally the thesis shows what happens over time as different ideological embodiments in the landscape conflict with each other because of their different visions of how the landscape should be used and by whom.<br>Uppsatsens syfte är att försöka hur kartor fungerar som en länk mellan politisk diskurs och det fysiska landskapet. Detta görs genom att studera tre kartor som avbildar samma område men vid olika tidpunkter och med olika motiv. Kartorna studeras genom en operationalisering av den franske sociologen Bruno Latour’s teori om ’immutable mobiles’.Uppsatsen visar att den statliga kartografiska verksamheten under 1900-talet i Sverige producerade immutable mobiles som sedan kunde avläsas av aktörer och som i sin tur kunde använda dem för att understödja deras politiska och vetenskapliga argument. En tillsynes trivial poäng. Problemet är dock avståndet i mellan den centraliserade makten och platsen som i detta fallet är ca 1400 kilometer. Kartorna möjliggör alltså en maktrelation trots det stora avståndet. Allt eftersom de statligt ägda kartorna var hämtade, tolkades de av aktörernas ideologiska perspektiv. Dessa tolkningar låg sedan till grund för politiska beslut som sedan resulterade i faktiska ingrepp i landskapet.Formerandet av Abisko nationalpark används i uppsatsen som ett exempel på hur denna process fungerar. Parken skapades med ett specifikt set av ideologiska motiv. De politiska aktörerna använde statliga kartor för att utforma sin proposition. Formerandet av parken är således en manifestation av både statlig närvaro, statlig kontroll över landskapet och ett ideologiskt artefakt. Det vore därtill omöjligt att skapa parken utan en karta för att definiera dess gränser. Planerandet och konstruerandet av mellanriksväg 98 mellan Kiruna och Narvik har analyserats på ett liknande sätt, dock med en annan ideologisk bakgrund.Uppsatsen resulterar i en möjlig förklaring till vad kartorna har för roll i en statlig platsskapande och landskapsförändrande process. Vidare så försöker uppsatsen förklara hur olika ideologiska tolkningar av landskapet kan hamna i konflikt med varandra över tid på grund av inkompatibla ideologiska motiv.
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Roleda, Michael Y. "Effects of ultraviolet radiation on early life stages of cold temperate and Arctic macroalgae : implications for recruitment and vertical depth distribution = Effekte von UV-Strahlung auf frühe Lebensstadien kaltgemässiger und arktischer Makroalgen : Auswirkungen auf Rekrutierung und Vertikalverteilung /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0703/2006499119.html.
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Huot, Matthieu. "Le pic à dos noir (Picodes arcticus) : colonisation des brûlis récents et étude de ses déplacements par l'analyse d'isotopes stables de l'hydrogène /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2007. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Thèse (M.Ress.Renouv.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2007.<br>La p. de t. porte en outre: Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en ressources renouvelables. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. 65-71. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
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Jankowiak, Aleksy. "La détermination du statut juridique de l'océan Glacial arctique par le droit international public." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0170.
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L’océan Arctique est confronté aujourd’hui à des enjeux d’ordre souverain et environnemental. D’une part, ses États riverains revendiquent de vastes territoires maritimes. D’autre part, l’environnement de l’océan Arctique subit de multiples atteintes. La région est notamment affectée par de nombreux polluants. Puis, elle subit également de plein fouet les effets néfastes du réchauffement climatique. Le but de cette étude est de déterminer le statut juridique de l’océan Arctique au travers de ces différentes questions. Plus précisément, cette étude a pour objet l’identification, l’analyse et l’interprétation des régimes régionaux et internationaux applicables, et des problématiques de droit international s’y rapportant, afin d’appréhender le statut juridique de l’océan Arctique dans sa globalité et de déterminer sa capacité à faire face auxdits enjeux et à évoluer dans le cadre d’une coopération et d’une gouvernance interétatiques en constant développement<br>The Arctic Ocean is facing environmental and territorial challenges. On one hand, the coastal states are claiming vast marine territories. On the other hand, the Arctic Ocean environment suffers from many damages. In particular, the region is affected by a lot of pollutants. Then, the region also bears the brunt of the harmful effects of climate change. This study aims to determinate the legal status of the Arctic Ocean through these different issues. More precisely, this study aims to identify, to analyse and to interpret the regional and international legal regimes which apply to the Arctic Ocean, and their legal issues, in order to consider the legal status of the Arctic Ocean as a whole and to determinate its capacity to deal with environmental and territorial challenges, and to progress in the context of an intergovernmental governance and cooperation in constant development
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Leroy-Dos, Santos Christophe. "Variabilité du cycle hydrologique atmosphérique en régions polaires à partir de mesures des isotopes stables de l'eau dans la vapeur, les précipitations et les carottes de névé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASJ006.
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Dans un contexte de réchauffement climatique, appréhender l'évolution de la hausse du niveau des mers est un enjeu majeur. Pour cela un des éléments clefs est de comprendre l'évolution du cycle hydrologique atmosphérique dans les régions polaires qui influence directement le bilan de masse de surface des calottes Arctique et Antarctique (les deux plus gros réservoirs d'eau douce de la planète). Des enregistrements existent grâce aux données satellites depuis 50 ans et quelques rares données météo depuis 70 ans en Antarctique mais ces enregistrements sont trop courts pour étudier les modes de variabilité pluri-annuels ainsi que la différence entre signal anthropique et signal naturel. Pour avoir accès à des enregistrements plus longs, une des meilleures solutions est d'utiliser les traceurs climatiques dans les carottes de névé. La composition isotopique de l'eau dans ces carottes est largement utilisée pour reconstruire les variations de température passée. Cela dit, le lien entre température et composition isotopique n'est pas très bien contraint car de nombreux autres paramètres influencent la composition isotopique de la neige au moment de sa formation (i.e. température, altitude, humidité, origine de la masse d'air) ou après le dépôt de neige en surface (i.e. échange atmosphère-neige, diffusion du signal, sublimation de la neige de surface).L'objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre le cycle hydrologique atmosphérique et son influence sur la composition isotopique de la vapeur et de la précipitation dans les régions polaires avec en tête l'idée d'améliorer l'interprétation des carottes de névé dans ces régions. Ce travail se décompose en 3 parties.Dans un premier temps, nous avons développé une solution technique qui répondait au défi de la mesure de la composition isotopique de la vapeur toute l'année en région polaire. En effet, l'hiver étant très sec dans ces régions (jusqu'à 10 ppmv à Dome C, l'hiver), l'utilisation d'un analyseur laser Picarro était limité car il est très sensible aux variations d'humidité en dessous de 2000 ppmv. L'hiver est une saison clé dans les régions polaires car elle est synonyme d'une importante variabilité climatique du fait de nombreux évènements synoptiques. Durant cette thèse, la fabrication de 2 prototypes de générateur de très basse humidité (LHLG) a permis de calibrer les analyseurs Picarro sur une gamme de 200 à 2500 ppmv.Ensuite, j'ai analysé la plus longue série de mesures de la composition de la vapeur et de la précipitation jamais effectuée en région polaire: 4,5 années en continu, à 78°N au Svalbard. J'ai montréque le site de mesure était très peu influencé par des processus locaux agissant sur la composition isotopique de la vapeur d’eau. Grâce à cela, j'ai pu attribuer les variations observées, l'hiver, à des évènements synoptique et ainsi attribuer une signature isotopique différente aux masses d'air en fonction de leur origine (Nord Atlantique ou Arctique).Enfin, j'ai installé le nouvel instrument de calibration fabriqué au début de mon doctorat à Dumont D'Urville (DDU), sur la côte en Terre Adélie. Grâce à cela, la première campagne de mesure continue de la composition isotopique de la vapeur à DDU initiée en janvier 2019 est toujours en cours. Je présente ici les 22 premiers mois de ce nouvel enregistrement. Cette série unique permet de documenter la signature isotopique du cycle hydrologique atmosphérique en Terre Adélie toute l'année. J'ai étudié l'influence des vents catabatiques, de la glace de mer et des rivières atmosphériques sur le signal enregistré dans la vapeur. Ces résultats préliminaires ouvrent des perspectives pour l'interprétation des carottes de névé récemment forées dans le cadre du programme ASUMA<br>In a global warming context, understanding the evolution of sea level rise is a major challenge. It is key to estimate the evolution of the atmospheric hydrological cycle in the polar regions, which directly influences the surface mass balance of the Arctic and Antarctic ice caps (the two largest freshwater reservoirs on the planet). Records are available from satellite data for the last 50 years and a few rare weather data since the 50's in Antarctica, but these records are too short to study the patterns of interannual variability and the difference between anthropogenic and natural signals. One of the best ways to access longer records is to use climate proxies in snow cores. The water isotopic composition in these cores is widely used to reconstruct past temperature variations. However, the link between temperature and isotopic composition is not very well constrained because many other parameters influence the isotopic composition of snow at the time of its formation (i.e. temperature, altitude, humidity, origin of the air mass) or after snow deposition on the surface (i.e. atmosphere-snow exchange, signal scattering, sublimation of surface snow).The objective of this thesis is to better understand the atmospheric hydrological cycle and its influence on the isotopic composition of vapour and precipitation in polar regions with the idea of improving the interpretation of snow core records in these regions. This work is divided into 3 parts.Firstly, we developed a technical solution to meet the challenge of measuring the vapor isotopic composition all year round in polar regions. Indeed, winter being very dry in these regions (down to 10 ppmv at Dome C in winter), the use of a Picarro laser analyzer is limited because it is very sensitive to humidity variations below 2000 ppmv. Winter is a key season in the polar regions as it is associated with significant climate variability due to numerous synoptic events. During this thesis, the fabrication of 2 prototypes of low humidity level generator (LHLG) allowed the calibration of the Picarro analyzers over a range of 200 to 2500 ppmv.Then, I analyzed the longest series of vapor and precipitation isotopic composition measurements ever performed in a polar region: 4.5 years continuously at 78°N in Svalbard. I showed that the water isotopic composition at this measurement site was unsignificantly influenced by local processes. Thanks to this, I was able to attribute the observed winter variability to synoptic events and thus assign a different isotopic signature to the air masses according to their origin (North Atlantic or Arctic).Finally, I installed the new calibration instrument (LHLG) built at the beginning of my PhD at Dumont D'Urville (DDU), on the coast in Terre Adélie. Thanks to this, the first continuous measurement campaign of the vapor isotopic composition at DDU initiated in January 2019 is still ongoing. I present here the first 22 months of this new record. This unique series makes possible to document the isotopic signature of the atmospheric hydrological cycle in Terre Adélie all year round. I have studied the influence of katabatic winds, sea ice and atmospheric rivers on the signal recorded in the vapor. These preliminary results open perspectives for the interpretation of recently drilled cores from the ASUMA program
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Balembois, Stéphanie. "Ecrire en vain ? Le questionnement éthique dans Le jeu de patience, "archi-roman" de Louis Guilloux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432050.
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Quel impératif pousse Guilloux à se tourner vers les autres? Provient-il d'un appel au sentiment ? D'un appel à la raison ? Est-il la réponse à une éthique ? Pourquoi cette nécessité de rendre la vie valable ? La valeur d'un homme se juge d'après ses actes semble dire Guilloux. Qu'est-ce qu'écrire en regard de l'action ? Comment écrire dans un monde en guerre ? L'écriture peut-elle être agissante ? Guilloux a voulu partager ses interrogations avec ses lecteurs, esquisser tous les cheminements possibles jusqu'à la contradiction. D'abord, montrer le processus de mythification entourant les actions des hommes qui ont précédé Guilloux dans cette vie. Ceux d'avant savaient agir ensemble et pour le bien de tous, ce savoir s'est perdu laissant l'individu seul face à ses doutes. Les tourments qui agitent le début du XXème siècle n'ont fait qu'exacerber le questionnement existentiel. Les divers degrés de responsabilité des hommes se dévoilent ainsi dans leurs manières de se conduire vis-à-vis d'autrui, autant d'engagements concrets ou de retraits qui attestent de l'humanité ou de l'inhumanité: " Trop et pas assez d'intelligence - trop et pas assez d'amour ". Ni la famille, ni la société, jaugée au travers de ses institutions, l'école, la justice, le clergé, ne répondent plus à l'exigence d'équité. Alors c'est aux hommes de s'unir. Agir, pour Guilloux, semble une forme de révolte et d'indignation contre la souffrance et l'injustice. Lutter, c'est aussi veiller sur la vie des autres. En refusant toutes compromissions, les personnages que Guilloux met en scène voient leur champ d'action se réduire à l'action humanitaire, quant à l'auteur lui revient le devoir de témoigner. Il se lance alors dans une écriture labyrinthique, un incessant jeu de miroir qui rapproche les hommes les plus différents : l'homme d'action, l'homme de lettres, l'homme militant, l'homme pas cru, l'homme en difficulté, l'homme perdu... chacun explore, estime, selon son itinéraire, la valeur accordée à sa vie et à celles des autres, hanté toujours par le devoir et la volonté de changer le monde
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Spreer, Lars, and Michael Vogel. "Reinigung von Bibliotheksgut: Sächsischer Werkstatttag für Bestandserhaltung 2017." SLUB Dresden, 2018. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16982.
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Können Bücherstaub sowie Oberflächenverschmutzungen von Papieren oder Einbandmaterialien und damit verbunden die Reinigung von Bibliotheks- oder Archivgut interessante Themen sein und zu einem praxisnahen Fachaustausch anregen? Offenbar ja – wie der breite Teilnehmerkreis des Sächsischen Werkstatttages für Bestandserhaltung in der SLUB Dresden am 21. September 2017 zeigte. Insgesamt 86 Bibliothekare und Archivare aus Sachsen, Thüringen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Berlin, Brandenburg und Rheinland-Pfalz waren angereist, um einschlägige Erfahrungen aus ihrem Arbeitsalltag weiterzugeben oder um entsprechende Anregungen mit nach Hause zu nehmen.
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Kelley, Caitlin. "Ten Thousand Years of Prehistory on Ocheesee Pond, Northwest Florida| Archaeological Investigations on the Keene Family Land, Jackson County." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1535883.
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<p>The purpose of this project was to record the private archaeological collection of the Keene family, which was previously unknown to the professional community. While at the two sites, Keene Redfield site (8Ja1847) and Keene Dog Pond site (8Ja1848), in Jackson County, northwest Florida, USF archaeologists also conducted field investigations to look for prehistoric cultural materials in undisturbed contexts. </p><p> This research was conducted at the request of the Keene family. The field crew systematically documented, cataloged and photographed each artifact in the Keene collection while at the sites. Surface survey and testing were also carried out in order to determine site boundaries, occupation and function. </p><p> ]Over 1,000 artifacts from every time period from the transitional Paleo-Indian/Early Archaic through the Mississippian were documented from the collection. Field investigations resulted in the location and investigation of undisturbed cultural strata below the plow zone, enabling the researchers to obtain radiocarbon dates from these deposits. Evidence of hunting and gathering activities and of tool processing including repair, sharpening and possible re-use was found at both sites. </p><p> This work allowed for the publication of two previously unknown, rich archaeological sites and for a better understanding of the prehistoric activities and functions of this region of the southeast. While participating in this public archaeology project, several other similar opportunities presented themselves, providing USF archaeologists with the ability to maintain a presence in the area to continue public archaeology efforts to engage the community and encourage appropriate participation and good stewardship of these types of private sites. </p>
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Siegel, Jens, and Michael Vogel. "Schutzbehältnisse für Zeitungsoriginale." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-164470.
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Historische Zeitungen werden in nur wenigen Exemplaren und meist in gebundener Form in Bibliotheken und Archiven aufbewahrt. Diese Zeitungsbände sind aufgrund ihres Gewichts, ihrer Formatgrößen und der Fragilität der verwendeten dünnen und säurehaltigen Papiere konservatorische Sorgenkinder in Archiven und Bibliotheken. Gleichzeitig nimmt das Interesse an diesen Originalen zu (vgl. BIS 2012, H. 3, S. 189–191). Aktuell sind Zeitungen besonders für Forschungen zum Ersten und Zweiten Weltkrieg unverzichtbare Quellen (vgl. BIS 2014, H. 2, S. 90–91). Deshalb fördert die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft aktuell Pilotprojekte zur Digitalisierung wichtiger Zeitungen für eine gleichermaßen bestandsschonende wie uneingeschränkte Nutzung.
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Vogel, Michael. "Kampf um das Original." SLUB Dresden, 2016. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A7792.
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Fraßschäden durch Insekten stellen nur eine der vielfältigen Herausforderungen beim Erhalt eines Bibliotheksbestandes dar. Lichteinwirkungen und drohender Schimmelpilzbefall bei unangepassten klimatischen Lagerbedingungen, aber auch unvorhergesehene Eventualitäten wie Wasserschäden machen diesen Bereich der Bibliotheksarbeit zu einem komplexen Arbeitsfeld. Deshalb kommen Bibliotheks- und Archivmitarbeiter regelmäßig zum Sächsischen Werkstatttag für Bestandserhaltung zusammen. Das diesjährige Treffen fand Ende September an der SLUB Dresden statt.
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Wolff, Christoph, and Barbara Wiermann. "www.bach-digital.de." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-60914.
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Hinter „Bach Digital“ verbirgt sich die Idee einer digitalen Bibliothek aller erhaltenen Originalhandschriften Johann Sebastian Bachs. Das seit 2008 von der DFG geförderte Projekt wird vom Bach-Archiv Leipzig, der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin und der SLUB Dresden betreut, in denen etwa 90% der Originalhandschriften überliefert sind. Um in absehbarer Zeit alle Bach-Autographe zu vereinen, werden Vorgespräche mit der Library of Congress in Washington, der New York Public Library und der British Library in London geführt.
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Aubail, Aurore. "Étude des variations spatiales et temporelles du mercure en Arctique : utilisation des dents et des poils des prédateurs supérieurs comme tissus de biomonitoring." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583122.
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Les tendances spatiales et temporelles du mercure en Arctique ont été étudiées au travers de l'analyse de ce métal dans les tissus durs, i.e. dents et poils, des phoques annelés (Phoca hispida) et des ours polaires (Ursus maritimus). Aucune influence du sexe sur les concentrations n'a été détectée dans les tissus de ces deux espèces alors que l'âge est apparu comme un facteur d'influence important.Deux tendances spatiales ont été observées dans les tissus de ces deux espèces : un premier gradient d'augmentation du mercure de l'Est vers l'Ouest de l'Arctique, i.e. de Svalbard, vers le Groenland et enfin, l'Arctique canadien, et un second du Sud vers le Nord de l'Arctique canadien, résultant très probablement de la minéralogie du socle rocheux, mais aussi potentiellement de facteurs biotiques et abiotiques.Une tendance à l'augmentation des concentrations de mercure a été globalement détectée entre la période préindustrielle et la fin du XXe siècle. Cependant, les variations temporelles associées à la seconde partie du XXe siècle révèlent une augmentation continue dans l'Ouest de l'Arctique et une tendance à la diminution dans l'Est de l'Arctique, cette différence étant probablement liée à des apports distincts des masses d'air atmosphériques à ces deux régions. Par ailleurs, une composante de variabilité climatique pourrait contribuer aux variations observées ces dernières décennies en influençant les habitudes alimentaires de ces prédateurs marins arctiques. Ainsi, les isotopes stables d'azote et de carbone s'avèrent être un outil essentiel à coupler aux études sur les tendances de mercure pour permettre de déterminer la part d'un changement dans le régime alimentaire ou dans les niveaux environnementaux.Cette étude a mis en évidence l'importance des poils comme tissu de monitoring non-invasif et pertinent pour un suivi régulier voire annuel tandis que l'utilisation des dents s'avère être plus adaptée à la reconstruction de tendances sur le long-terme.
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Edynak, Elsa. "Le droit international applicable à l'océan Arctique : l’adéquation d’un ensemble juridique complexe à un espace spécifique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR139.
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Le changement climatique et les bouleversements qu’il implique en Arctique ont véritablement renouvelé l’intérêt pour cet espace. Celui-ci soulève des enjeux de différentes échelles (aussi bien régionale que globale), mais aussi de différentes natures (économiques, politiques, sociales, environnementales), qui constituent autant de problématiques juridiques et interrogent la pertinence du droit applicable. Cependant, et c’est là l’enjeu juridique principal de ce sujet : le cadre juridique existant fait preuve d’une grande complexité, dont la cohérence et la pertinence vis-à-vis de la région ont été largement remises en cause. Mais à ce mal unique – la complexité – les auteurs ne semblent pas s’accorder sur les solutions à adopter. Ces divergences soulignent l’intérêt de déterminer si le cadre juridique applicable à l’océan Arctique peut être consi-déré comme « adéquat » dans le sens où il permettrait une gestion répondant aux critères d’un système juridique satisfaisant. Du point de vue de la méthode, l’étude demandait de mettre de l’ordre dans le désordre apparent. A cette fin, la systématisation, à travers la réalisation d’un tableau synoptique analysant l’ensemble des normes de droit international applicables à la région, a été nécessaire. En conclusion, en dépit de sa diversité, le cadre juridique peut néanmoins être considéré comme satisfai-sant du point de vue substantiel (complétude) et formel (cohérence). Au-delà de la simple cohérence, la construc-tion actuelle d’un droit de l’Arctique amène à identifier un processus d’ordonnancement au niveau régional, appa-rentant de plus en plus cet encadrement à un véritable « système juridique ». Cette régionalisation est juridiquement indispensable, mais il faut néanmoins admettre qu’elle ne permet pas d’assurer l’action mondiale qui demeure indispensable face au problème global du changement climatique. Si elle constitue une étape probablement néces-saire, elle représente surtout une étape supplémentaire à cette mise en oeuvre généralisée et renforce dès lors la fragmentation du droit international, et donc sa complexité<br>Climate change and the disruption it implies in the Arctic have really renewed the interest in this space. This raises issues of different scales (both regional and global), but also of different natures (economic, political, social, environmental), which constitute as many legal issues and question the relevance of the applicable law. However, and this is the main legal issue here: the existing legal framework is extremely complex, whose consistency and relevance concerning the region have been widely questioned. But to this unique problem - com-plexity - the authors do not seem to agree on the solutions to adopt. These differences underline the interest to determine whether the legal framework for the Arctic Ocean can be considered as "adequate" in the sense that it would enable a management that meets the criteria of a satisfying legal system. Regarding the method, the study demanded to put the apparent disorder in order. To this end, systematization was necessary; it was done through the creation of a synoptic table analyzing all the standards of international law applicable to the region,. In conclusion, despite its diversity, the legal framework can nevertheless be considered satisfactory from a substantive (completeness) and formal (coherence) point of view. Beyond simple coherence, the current cons-truction of an Arctic law leads to the identification of an scheduling process at the regional level, this framework resembling more and more a real "legal system". This regionalisation is legally essential. Nevertheless, it must be recognized that it does not ensure the worldwide action which remains essential in the face of the global problem that is climate change. If it constitutes a probably necessary step, it represents above all an additional step in this generalized implementation and therefore reinforces the fragmentation of international law, and its complexity
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Georgi, Simone, Julia Meyer, and Annika-Valeska Walzel. "Infrastructural funding of digitization and long-term preservation to save the cultural memory of a region." Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16403.
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To preserve the cultural memory of the Free State of Saxony and to promote the treasures kept in numerous heritage institutions, the government provides additional budget funds to digitize collections of historical importance and outstanding items. The program aims to provide online access to information and objects of cultural and scientific tradition for purposes of research, teaching and for the general public. It is obviously necessary to make historic stocks online available to guarantee the visibility and use in the digital age.
The Saxon State and University Library, Dresden (SLUB) has many years of experience in digitization and offers large digital collections of several media, including books, manuscripts, newspapers and photographs. Smaller libraries and archival institutions very often do not have the necessary infrastructure and resources to accomplish extensive digitization projects. The SLUB uses its long experiences to coordinate the state digitization program and to expand its existing infrastructure for digitization and long-term preservation all over the region. The whole workflow of production and presentation is accomplished with the open source software Kitodo which allows flexible processing of different media types and ensures the transfer to the national aggregator Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek (DDB). Also part of the program is the long-term preservation of all digitized material using the existing interface between Kitodo and the SLUBArchiv, which has been expanded to fulfill the growing demands.
After two years a first résumé proofs the success of this strategy. Several special collections are online, the program has helped to build up knowledge in participating institutions, to standardize workflows and to ensure constant high quality of the digital objects.
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Rohaut, Laura. "Les naïskoi votifs de Marseille : étude des édicules avec femme assise dans les cités phocéennes, ioniennes et éoliennes à l’époque archaïque." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0122.
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Si les fouilles archéologiques menées depuis la fin des années 1960 ont enrichi nos connaissances sur Marseille grecque, la documentation relative à la période archaïque demeure restreinte dans le domaine des productions locales. L’artisanat de la sculpture est très peu représenté : seuls les quarante-quatre édicules en calcaire, trouvés rue Négrel au XIXe s. dans un même contexte, témoignent de l’activité d’ateliers locaux. Ces œuvres appartiennent à un type créé à Marseille à partir d’un modèle grec d’Asie Mineure, probablement introduit en Occident par les Phocéens, ou peut-être par d’autres colons ioniens, après 545 av. J.-C. : dans un naïskos (petit temple ou chapelle en grec), est assise une divinité féminine. Les études antérieures ont porté principalement sur l’identité de la déesse : plusieurs possibilités ont été envisagées avant que soit privilégiée l’interprétation comme Cybèle, mais cette attribution reste très controversée. La description et l’analyse de la série marseillaise sous tous ses aspects, pour la première fois présentée ici, offrent le point de départ d’une étude de l’ensemble des naïskoi à femme assise dans les cités phocéennes, ioniennes et éoliennes à l’époque archaïque. Pour comprendre les sculptures de Marseille, il est indispensable de retracer la circulation et les variantes du type depuis sa création à Milet, au plus tôt dans le 3e quart du VIe s. av. J.-C., jusqu’à son adaptation dans les cités de Grèce de l’Est et dans leurs colonies respectives. Malgré des différences stylistiques imputables aux ateliers régionaux et l’ajout, dans de rares cas, d’un petit lion, les naïskoi à femme assise forment un ensemble relativement homogène<br>Although the archaeological excavations, carried out since the end of 1960’s, have substantially increased our knowledge on Greek city of Marseilles, our documentation on the Archaic Period remains restricted in the field of local productions. Sculture and its craft are poorly represented and the important series of 44 aedicules in limestone, found in the rue Négrel during the 19th century, still the only testimony for the existence of local workshops, which produced an iconographic type directly derived from a Greek model, created in Asia Minor, and most probably introduced through the Phocaeans – or perhaps by other groups of Ionian settlers – after 545 BC. These pieces of sculptures represent of small temple or shrine (naiskos in greek), within which a female deity is seated. The previous studies have focused on the identity of the goddess : several possibilities were envisaged before the interpretation as Cybele was privileges, but this attribution has raised a considerable debate. The present research is devoted to the analysis of this ensemble and more generally, to the study of aedicules with seated woman in the Phocaean, Ionian and Aeolian cities in the Archaic Period. As a matter of fact, the series from Marseilles can only be understood within a large-scale reflection, embracing the whole development of the type, from its creation at Miletus in the third quarter of the 6th century to its diffusion in the cities of Eastern Greece and in their colonies. In spite of stylistic differences attributable to regional workshops and of the addition, in a few cases of a small lion, the naiskoi with seated woman form a relatively homogeneous series
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Jonaitis, Lauren A. "Using Roadkill as a Lens to Understand Animal Movement and Mortality." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1497912666154545.
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Glasz, Maëlle. "Statut du poète et question de l’éternité dans les Odes d’Horace entre héritage grec et romanité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL069.
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Plusieurs odes réflexives (Odes I, 1, II, 20, III, 30 ou encore IV, 3) se font le miroir du projet poétique d’Horace. Le poète y définit clairement son dessein : être reconnu comme le premier poète de Rome à avoir adapté en latin la lyrique lesbienne du VIe siècle avant J.-C. et voir son nom inscrit dans la chaîne éternelle des uates lyrici, des poètes lyriques inspirés. L’imitation est un geste incontournable à Rome : tout auteur qui souhaite s’illustrer dans un genre particulier doit se mesurer à ses prédécesseurs grecs, selon le double principe de l’imitatio-aemulatio. Toutefois, le projet d’Horace est ambitieux : la lyrique grecque archaïque est une poésie de l’occasion, de la performance, contextes que la Rome augustéenne ignore. De plus, cette lyrique, Horace la connaît au travers de sa réception hellénistique, plus livresque. Mais que nous dit précisément le poète de ses modèles ? Et comment réussit-il à conjuguer l’imitation de ses différents héritages et influences à une inspiration profondément romaine, empreinte de morale et ancrée dans le saeculum augustum ? La création d’une telle lyrique – qui a acquis une légitimité en tant que poésie civique – va permettre à Horace de faire entrer dans l’éternité non seulement les objets les plus humbles, mais aussi les summi uiri de Rome. Or, comment parvenir à faire du plus important d’entre eux, Auguste, le princeps, un fragment d’éternité ? Et que peut retirer le poète – qui revendique de façon jamais ouïe jusqu’alors que ses vers offriront l’immortalité à leur créateur – d’une telle entreprise ? C’est à ces questions que nous nous proposons, dans notre thèse, d’apporter des éléments de réponse<br>Several reflexive odes (Odes I, 1, II, 20, III, 30 and IV, 3) are the mirror of Horace’s poetic project. The poet clearly defines his aim : to be recognized as the first poet in Rome to have adapted into Latin the lesbian lyric of the 6th century B.C. and to see his own name inscribed in the eternal chain of uates lyrici, of inspired lyric poets. Imitation is an inevitable gesture in Rome : any author wishing to excel in a particular genre has to confront his Greek predecessors according to the double principle of imitatio-aemulatio. However, Horace’s project is an ambitious one : archaic Greek lyric is a poetry of occasion, of performance, contexts that Augustan Rome is not familiar with. What’s more, Horace knows this lyric through its Hellenistic, more book-based reception. But what does the poet precisely tell us about his models ? And how does he manage to combine the imitation of various heritages and influences with a profoundly Roman inspiration, imbued with morality and rooted in the saeculum augustum ? The creation of such a lyric – which has acquired legitimacy as civic poetry – will enable Horace to bring into eternity not only the humblest objects, but also the summi uiri of Rome. But how can he turn the most important of them, Augustus, the princeps, into a fragment of eternity ? And what’s in it for the poet – who claims in a way never heard before that his verses will bring immortality to their creator ? It is to these questions that we propose, in our thesis, to provide some answers