Relevant bibliographies by topics / Arctic tundra

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Arctic tundra'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Arctic tundra"

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Shiryaev, A. G., and L. G. Mikhalyova. "Aphyllophoraceous fungi (Basidiomycetes) in the tundra and forest-tundra of the Lena River delta and Novosibirsk Islands (Arctic Yakutia)." Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 47 (2013): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2013.47.155.

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Total of 124 species of the aphyllophoroid fungi have been found in the tundra and forest-tundra vicinities of Tiksi and Novosibirsk Isles (Arctic Yakutia). Only 6 species were collected in native conditions of «high Arctic» (northern Arctic tundras), 5 of them belonging to the clavarioid morphological group (83.3 %). The species composition of aphyllophoroid fungi in other subzones of tuntra («low Arctic») is presented in our collections by 46 species, including 56 % of clavarioid and 37 % of corticioid species, poroid and thelephoroid morphological groups making less than 5 % both. 114 species were found in the forest-tundra zone, half of them are corticoid fungi (49 %), whereas the ratio of clavarioid ones is 27 %, that of poroid ones 22 %, and that of thelephoroid ones not over 2 % of species. Similar tendencies in changing the roles of different morphological groups under zonal gradient were described during analysis of the Urals and Mid-European aphyllophoroid fungi too.
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Horak, E., and O. K. Miller Jr. "Phaeogalera and Galerina in arctic-subarctic Alaska (U.S.A.) and the Yukon Territory (Canada)." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 414–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-055.

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Eleven taxa of Galerina and Phaeogalera are described. Galerina leptocystis, Galerina subarctica, and Galerina praticola are reported from arctic North America for the first time. Phaeogalra stagnina is only found in very humid, wet meadow tundra associated with Drepanocladus or Calliergon. Galerina arctica is reported for the first time from Alaska and Canada. One species, Galerina pseudocerina, is found only in arctic alpine habitats in Canada and not in the arctic tundra. Two forms of Galerina pseudomycenopsis represent the most common taxon observed in Alaskan North Slope wet meadow tundra on peat or associated with Calliergon, Drepanocladus, and Sphagnum. Two species, Galerina clavata and Galerina hypnorum, are common cosmopolitan taxa, but only G. clavata is frequently encountered on the Alaskan North Slope. The association of the Galerina taxa with mosses is presented and discussed, as well as their occurrence in microhabitats in wet meadow tundra and among polygons in coastal tundra on the Alaskan North Slope. Key words: Galerina, Phaeogalera, Cortinariaceae, Alaska, Yukon Territory, bryophytes.
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Christensen, Torben R. "Methane emission from Arctic tundra." Biogeochemistry 21, no. 2 (June 1993): 117–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00000874.

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Jiang, Fan, Xia Qiu, Xulu Chang, Zhihao Qu, Lvzhi Ren, Wenjing Kan, Youhao Guo, Chengxiang Fang, and Fang Peng. "Terrimonas arctica sp. nov., isolated from Arctic tundra soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_11 (November 1, 2014): 3798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.067033-0.

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A novel, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated R9-86T, was isolated from tundra soil collected near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard Archipelago, Norway (78° N). Growth occurred at 4–28 °C (optimum, 22–25 °C) and at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain R9-86T belonged to the genus Terrimonas in the family Chitinophagaceae . 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain R9-86T and the type strains of species of the genus Terrimonas with validly published names ranged from 93.7 to 95.0 %. Strain R9-86T contained iso-C15 : 1-G (25.7 %), iso-C15 : 0 (24.5 %), iso-C17 : 0-3OH (18.3 %) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, 8.7 %) as its major cellular fatty acids; phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown polar lipid as its main polar lipids, and MK-7 as its predominant respiratory quinone. The DNA G+C content was 48.4 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain R9-86T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Terrimonas , for which the name Terrimonas arctica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R9-86T ( = CCTCC AB 2011004T = NRRL B-59114T).
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Jiang, Fan, Jun Dai, Yang Wang, Xiuqing Xue, Mengbo Xu, Wenxin Li, Chengxiang Fang, and Fang Peng. "Cohnella arctica sp. nov., isolated from Arctic tundra soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_4 (April 1, 2012): 817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.030247-0.

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A psychrotolerant Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped and orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain M9-62T, which was motile by means of peritrichous flagella, was isolated from tundra soil sampled near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard Islands, Norway (78° N). Growth occurred at 4–30 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and pH 5.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–7.0). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain M9-62T placed it in the genus Cohnella ; sequence similarities of the isolate with type strains of members of related genera ranged from 92.0 to 96.3 %. Strain M9-62T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 (51.1 %), iso-C16 : 0 (7.5 %) and C16 : 0 (6.1 %) as the major cellular fatty acids and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the DNA G+C content was 50.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain M9-62T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Cohnella , for which the name Cohnella arctica sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is M9-62T ( = CCTCC AB 2010228T = NRRL B-59459T).
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Xu, Qiang, Fan Jiang, Xuyang Da, Yumin Zhang, Yingchao Geng, Kun Qin, Jia Liu, and Fang Peng. "Chitinimonas arctica sp. nov., isolated from Arctic tundra soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 3455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004194.

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A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, green-pigmented, aerobic and motile bacterium, strain R3-44T, was isolated from Arctic tundra soil. Stain R3-44T clustered closely with members of the genus Chitinimonas , which belongs to the family Burkholderiaceae , and showed the highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity to Chitinimonas naiadis AR2T (96.10%). Strain R3-44T grew optimally at pH 7.0, 28 °C and in the presence of 0–0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant respiratory isoprenoid quinone of strain R3-44T was identified as ubiquinone Q-8. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminolipid and unidentified phospholipid. The main fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c, 40.6 %) and C16 : 0 (29.3 %). The DNA G+C content of strain R3-44T was 60.8 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain R3-44T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinimonas , for which the name Chitinimonas arctica sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain R3-44T (=CCTCC AB 2010422T=KCTC 72602T).
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Fu, Dongjie, Fenzhen Su, Juan Wang, and Yijie Sui. "Patterns of Arctic Tundra Greenness Based on Spatially Downscaled Solar-Induced Fluorescence." Remote Sensing 11, no. 12 (June 20, 2019): 1460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11121460.

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A general greening trend in the Arctic tundra biome has been indicated by satellite remote sensing data over recent decades. However, since 2011, there have been signs of browning trends in many parts of the region. Previous research on tundra greenness across the Arctic region has relied on the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). In this research, we initially used spatially downscaled solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) data to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of Arctic tundra greenness (2007–2013). The results derived from the SIF data were also compared with those from two NDVIs (the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies NDVI3g and MOD13Q1 NDVI), and the eddy-covariance (EC) observed gross primary production (GPP). It was found that most parts of the Arctic tundra below 75° N were browning (–0.0098 mW/m2/sr/nm/year, where sr is steradian and nm is nanometer) using SIF, whereas spatially and temporally heterogeneous trends (greening or browning) were obtained based on the two NDVI products. This research has further demonstrated that SIF data can provide an alternative direct proxy for Arctic tundra greenness.
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Christensen, Torben. "Arctic and sub-Arctic soil emissions: possible implications for global climate change." Polar Record 27, no. 162 (July 1991): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400012584.

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AbstractClimate models predict a substantial warming at high latitudes following the enhanced greenhouse effect caused by anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and various other trace gases. Arctic and sub-Arctic soils contain large amounts of organic carbon that could be made increasingly available for decomposition in a wanner climate due to deepening of the biologically-active layer and increased thermokarst erosion. This produces the potential for increased emissions of CO2 and CH4 from tundra areas and thus positive (enhancing) feedback effects on the greenhouse effect. From being a net absorber of CO2 the global tundra areas could become a net source of up to 1.25 Gt C yr1 as a result of the predicted warmer and dryer conditions during the thaw period. CH4 is at least 21 times more effective as a greenhouse gas than CO2. How the CH4 balance in the tundra will respond to climate change is therefore very important but also much less certain. Estimates of total present CH4 emissions from northern wetlands vary greatly, ranging from 2.4 to 106 Tg CH4 yr1 and little is known about the mechanisms controlling the flux. There are indications, however, that if the tundra becomes wetter under warming, CH4 emissions would probably increase. If it becomes dryer, the emissions could cease or even turn the tundra into a sink for atmospheric CH4, partly due to increasing microbial consumption of CH4 in the soil. There is an urgent need for more research into the processes controlling the CH4 flux in Arctic and sub-Arctic soils.
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Liu, Xue-Yan, Keisuke Koba, Lina A. Koyama, Sarah E. Hobbie, Marissa S. Weiss, Yoshiyuki Inagaki, Gaius R. Shaver, et al. "Nitrate is an important nitrogen source for Arctic tundra plants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 13 (March 14, 2018): 3398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715382115.

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Plant nitrogen (N) use is a key component of the N cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. The supply of N to plants affects community species composition and ecosystem processes such as photosynthesis and carbon (C) accumulation. However, the availabilities and relative importance of different N forms to plants are not well understood. While nitrate (NO3−) is a major N form used by plants worldwide, it is discounted as a N source for Arctic tundra plants because of extremely low NO3− concentrations in Arctic tundra soils, undetectable soil nitrification, and plant-tissue NO3− that is typically below detection limits. Here we reexamine NO3− use by tundra plants using a sensitive denitrifier method to analyze plant-tissue NO3−. Soil-derived NO3− was detected in tundra plant tissues, and tundra plants took up soil NO3− at comparable rates to plants from relatively NO3−-rich ecosystems in other biomes. Nitrate assimilation determined by 15N enrichments of leaf NO3− relative to soil NO3− accounted for 4 to 52% (as estimated by a Bayesian isotope-mixing model) of species-specific total leaf N of Alaskan tundra plants. Our finding that in situ soil NO3− availability for tundra plants is high has important implications for Arctic ecosystems, not only in determining species compositions, but also in determining the loss of N from soils via leaching and denitrification. Plant N uptake and soil N losses can strongly influence C uptake and accumulation in tundra soils. Accordingly, this evidence of NO3− availability in tundra soils is crucial for predicting C storage in tundra.
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Mbufong, H. N., M. Lund, M. Aurela, T. R. Christensen, W. Eugster, T. Friborg, B. U. Hansen, et al. "Assessing the spatial variability in peak season CO<sub>2</sub> exchange characteristics across the Arctic tundra using a light response curve parameterization." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 5 (May 6, 2014): 6419–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-6419-2014.

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Abstract. This paper aims to assess the functional and spatial variability in the response of CO2 exchange to irradiance across the Arctic tundra during peak season using light response curve (LRC) parameters. This investigation allows us to better understand the future response of Arctic tundra under climatic change. Data was collected using the micrometeorological eddy covariance technique from 12 circumpolar Arctic tundra sites, in the range of 64–74° N. The LRCs were generated for 14 days with peak net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using an NEE -irradiance model. Parameters from LRCs represent site specific traits and characteristics describing: (a) NEE at light saturation (Fcsat), (b) dark respiration (Rd), (c) light use efficiency (α), (d) NEE when light is at 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 (Fc1000), (e) potential photosynthesis at light saturation (Psat) and (f) the light compensation point (LCP). Parameterization of LRCs was successful in predicting CO2 flux dynamics across the Arctic tundra. Yet we did not find any trends in LRC parameters across the whole Arctic tundra but there were indications for temperature and latitudinal differences within sub-regions like Russia and Greenland. Together, LAI and July temperature had a high explanatory power of the variance in assimilation parameters (Fcsat, Fc1000 and Psat), thus illustrating the potential for upscaling CO2 exchange for the whole Arctic tundra. Dark respiration was more variable and less correlated to environmental drivers than was assimilation parameters. Thus, indicating the inherent need to include other parameters such as nutrient availability, substrate quantity and quality in flux monitoring activities.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arctic tundra"

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Deslippe, Julie Royann. "Carbon, plant and microbial dynamics in Low-Arctic tundra." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/17446.

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Anthropogenic climate change threatens the stability of Arctic C stores. Soil microbes are central to the C balance of ecosystems as decomposers of soil organic matter and as determinants of plant diversity. In four experiments in the tundra, I address critical gaps in our understanding of the role of soil microbial communities in the response of an Arctic ecosystem to climate change. My objectives were 1) to asses the role of mycorrhizal networks (MN) in plant-plant interactions; 2) to determine the effects of warming and fertilization on the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) community of Betula nana; 3) to determine the effect of warming on soil fungi and bacteria over time; 4) to assess the role of the mycorrhizal symbiosis in C-allocation to rhizosphere organisms. I show that MNs exist in tundra and facilitate transfer of C among Betula nana individuals, but not among the other plants examined. C-transfer among Betula nana pairs through MNs represented 5.5 ± 2.2% of photosynthesis, total belowground transfer of C was 10.7 ± 2.1%. My results suggest that C-transfer through MNs may alter plant interactions, increasing competition by Betula nana, and that this will be enhanced with warming. I show that warming leads to a significant increase of fungi with proteolytic capacity, particularly Cortinarius spp., and a reduction of fungi with high affinities for labile N, especially Russula spp. My findings suggest that warming will alter the ECM community and nutrient cycling, which may facilitate Betula nana in tundra. I show that warming leads to a 28% and 22% reduction in the richness of soil fungi and bacteria in tundra, respectively, as well as corresponding declines in diversity. My data agree with reductions in plant community richness with warming at this site, and suggest that warming will reduce total community diversity in tundra. I show that Gram-negative bacteria and a species-specific community of mycorrhizal fungi are the primary consumers of rhizodeposit C among tundra shrubs. Together, these results strongly suggest that soil microbes play a critical role in plant community dynamics and C-cycling in Arctic tundra, and that this role will become increasingly important as climate warms.
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Wiltshire, Andrew John. "Modelling the surface energetics of patchy Arctic tundra snowcover." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2785/.

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A combination of field observations and measurements were used to study the energy-balance of a patchy arctic tundra snow-cover during the winter of 2003/2004 at a mountain tundra site in Northern Sweden. To quantify the effect of patchy snow-cover on surface energetic, the Met. Office Surface Exchange Scheme (MOSES 2) was employed to simulate surface snow dynamics. Surface snow patchiness was controlled by the interaction of blowing snow with surface topography and vegetation, with deep drifts forming in topographic hollows and tall shrub beds. Some exposed ridge tops remained exposed for the majority of the winter. The surface patchiness was found to significantly alter the surface energetics, and the interaction between snow and snow-free surfaces was critical to accurately numerically simulating snow-cover ablation. The assumption of uniform snow- covers in large-scale atmospheric models may lead to significant errors in model simulations. It was found that for large-scale models, heterogeneous snow-covers can be adequately represented by the use of separate energy-balances for snow and snow-free surfaces respectively with a single underlying soil layer. The proportions of each surface can be represented using a snow covered fraction which is a parameterisation of the distribution of snow depths. Simulated surface fluxes, particularly surface runoff and heat and water vapour, were found to be highly sensitive to the exact form of this parameterisation. No field evidence was found for the advection of turbulent energy between snow and snow-free surfaces
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Street, Lorna Elizabeth. "Carbon dynamics in Arctic vegetation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5651.

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Rapid climate change in Arctic regions is of concern due to important feedbacks between the Arctic land surface and the global climate system. A large amount of organic carbon (C) is currently stored in Arctic soils; if decomposition is stimulated under warmer conditions additional release of CO2 could result in an accelerating feedback on global climate. The strength and direction of Arctic C cycle - climate feedbacks will depend on the growth response of vegetation; if plant growth increases some or all of the extra CO2 emissions may be offset. Currently the Arctic is thought to be a small net sink for CO2, the expected balance of terrestrial C sinks and sources in the future is unknown. In this thesis I explore some of the critical unknowns in current understanding of C cycle dynamics in Arctic vegetation. Quantifying gross primary productivity (GPP) over regional scales is complicated by large spatial heterogeneity in plant functional type (PFT) in Arctic vegetation. I use data from five Arctic sites to test the generality of a relationship between leaf area index (LAI) and canopy total foliar nitrogen (TFN). LAI and TFN are key drivers of GPP and are tightly constrained across PFTs in Low Arctic Alaska and Sweden, therefore greatly simplifying the task of up-scaling. I use data from Greenland, Barrow and Svalbard to asses the generality of the LAI-TFN relationship in predicting GPP at higher Arctic latitudes. Arctic ecosystems are unique among biomes in the large relative contribution of bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) to plant biomass. The contribution of bryophytes to ecosystem function has been relatively understudied and they are poorly represented in terrestrial C models. I use ground based measurements in Northern Sweden to fill an existing data gap by quantifying CO2 fluxes from bryophytes patches in early spring and summer, and develop a simple model of bryophyte GPP. Using the model I compare bryophyte GPP to that of vascular plants before, during and after the summer growing season, finding that productive bryophyte patches can contribute up to 90 % of modelled annual GPP for typical vascular plant communities at the same site, and that the relative magnitude of bryophyte GPP is greatest in spring whilst the vascular plant canopy is still developing. Understanding how GPP relates to plant growth is important in relating remotely sensed increases in Arctic ‘greenness’ to changes in plant C stocks. I use a 13C pulselabelling techniques to follow the fate of recently fixed C in mixed vascular and bryophyte vegetation, with a focus on quantifying the contribution of bryophytes to ecosystem carbon use efficiency (CUE). I show that bryophytes contribute significantly to GPP in mixed vegetation, and act to increase ecosystem CUE. I highlight the importance of including bryophytes, which do not have roots, in aboveground: belowground partitioning schemes in C models. To further explore C turnover in bryophytes, I use the results of a second 13C labelling experiment to develop a model of C turnover in two contrasting Arctic mosses (Polytrichum piliferum and Sphagnum fuscum). I find significant differences in C turnover between Polytrichum piliferum which respires or translocates about 80 % of GPP, while Sphagnum fuscum respires 60 %. This analysis is the first to explicitly model differences in C partitioning between Arctic bryophyte species. Finally, I discuss the implications of each chapter for our understanding of Arctic C dynamics, and suggest areas for further research.
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Kroehler, Carolyn J. "The role of acid phosphatases in the phosphorus nutrition of arctic tundra plants." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80295.

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The acid phosphomonoesterase activity associated with two major rooting strategies in arctic tundra plants was examined: that of Eriophorum vagina tum, a dominant plant in tussock tundra ecosystems, with its predominantly non-mycorrhizal root system; and that of ectomycorrhizal roots. Eriophorum has phosphatase activity which is evenly distributed along its root surface, has a pH optimum at soil pH (3.5-4.0), and continues at substantial rates at 1 °C. Inorganic phosphorus inhibits activity only 7 to 19%. In addition, Eriophorum has phosphatase activity associated with all the "below-ground" components of its tussock growth form: dead roots, leaf sheaths, and soil. Plants with higher tissue phosphorus growing in soils with higher available phosphate in general had higher live and dead root, leaf sheath, and soil phosphatase activity in both natural and manipulated sites of higher plant productivity. Yearly and seasonal variation sometimes exceeded differences among treatments, suggesting that enzyme activity would not provide a reliable measure of plant or soil phosphorus levels. Experiments with radiolabeled inositol hexaphosphate showed that Eriophorum is able to hydrolyze and absorb inorganic phosphate from an organic phosphate source. A comparison of enzyme hydrolysis rates with inorganic phosphate assimilation rates indicates that organic phosphate hydrolysis may occur as rapidly as inorganic phosphate absorption. Inorganic phosphate released by root surface phosphatase activity could satisfy approximately 65% of the annual phosphate demand of Eriophorum. Phosphatases of two ectomycorrhizal fungi (Cenococcum geophilum and Entoloma sericeum) responded similarly to growth in axenic culture at 2 or 50 micromolar KH₂PO₄ or sodium inositol hexaphosphate: surface Vmax estimates were significantly greater for 2 micromolar- than for 50 micromolar-grown isolates. The presence of constitutive extracellular soluble phosphatase activity resulted in the appearance of inorganic phosphate in media initially supplied only with organic phosphate. The surface acid phosphatase activity of field-collected ectomycorrhizal roots of arctic Salix and Betula, however, did not respond in a consistent way to differences in soil characteristics. Activity differed more among "color types" or fungal types than among sites of different soil characteristics.
Ph. D.
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Thomas, Jacob. "A study of factors controlling pH in Arctic tundra soils." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-163364.

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In Arctic tundra soils pH serves as an important parameter related to several biotic parameters such as, plant and microbial community composition, biodiversity, nutrient dynamics and productivity. Both abiotic and biotic factors, for instance, base saturation (BS) and plant nutrient uptake may exert a control on soil pH, while it is still unclear to what extent different factors can explain soil pH across different tundra vegetation types. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent different abiotic and biotic factors influence soil pH in the humus layer across different tundra vegetation types. To do so, eight different tundra vegetation types of which four were underlaid by permafrost (Arctic Alaska) and four with no permafrost (Arctic Sweden) were studied in detail with regard to different properties affecting soil pH. I found that BS was the main factor controlling soil pH across the different vegetation types regardless if the soil was underlain by permafrost or not. Factors, such as, ionic strength or soil water content could not explain any overall pH variation and did only significantly affect the heath soils. Further, the uptake of the most abundant base cations (Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+) from meadow and heath vegetation revealed a high difference between plant functional groups within the same vegetation types. The higher dominance of slow growing woody species in heath vegetation which had a lower uptake corresponded with a lower BC content (especially (Ca2+), pH and BS in the humus soil relative the meadow meanwhile the content of K+ was more than three times higher in heath. Overall, this study suggests that the degree of neutralization (base saturation) regulates pH either via the influence of bedrock and hydrogeochemistry and/or via plant traits that affects the uptake and turnover of base cations.
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Borgelt, Jan. "Terrestrial respiration across tundra vegetation types." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-132765.

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Large amounts of carbon (C) are stored in tundra soils. Global warming may turn tundra ecosystems from C sinks into sources or vice versa, depending on the balance between gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER) and the resulting net ecosystem exchange (NEE). We aimed to quantify the summer season C balance of a 27 km2 tundra landscape in subarctic Sweden. We measured CO2 fluxes in 37 widely distributed plots across five tundra vegetation types and in 7 additional bare soil plots, to assess effects of abiotic and biotic components on C exchange. C fluxes in bare soils were low and differed to all vegetation types. Thus, accounting for differences between bare soils and vegetated parts is crucial for upscaling a C balance using a landcover classification map. In addition, we found that both NEE and ER, varied within and across different tundra vegetation types. The C balance model for the growing season 2016 revealed a net C loss to the atmosphere. Most vegetation types acted as CO2 sources, with highest source strength in dense shrub vegetation at low elevations. The only considerable C sinks were graminoid-dominated upland meadows. In addition, we found a shift in C balance between different heath vegetation types, ranging from C source in dense deciduous shrub vegetation (Mesic Heath and Dry Heath) to C sink in low growing shrub vegetation (Extremely Dry Heath). These results highlight the importance to account for differences between vegetation types when modelling C fluxes from plot to landscape level.
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Kelly, Barry C. "Trophic transfer of persistent organic pollutants in an Arctic tundra ecosystem." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0025/MQ51376.pdf.

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O, Pamela Constance. "Effects of simulated and actual caribou grazing on low-Arctic tundra vegetation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36588.

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Barren-ground caribou have been grazing and trampling the tundra for thousands of years. Because the timing of grazing and trampling is episodic, it has been theorized that their impacts at any given site are weak or absent. This study investigated if this could be verified observationally and experimentally. I conducted an experiment to examine the effects of simulated grazing and lichen removal on birch hummock - lichen heath tundra in the low-Arctic. I also examined the effects of trampling and grazing by the Bathurst Caribou Herd on the biomass of three low-Arctic plant communities. In general, the simulated grazing at intermediate and high intensities did not cause changes in vascular plants biomass or species diversity, or carbon dioxide flux. However, lichen removal caused significant reductions in lichen biomass, lichen diversity, and net ecosystem production. Ecosystem respiration rates and biomass were much lower on than off the caribou migratory trails in each of the habitats studied, due to the low amounts of biomass on migratory trails compared to off the trails. These studies show that the effects of grazing were not easily detected, but the migratory trails that have been used by caribou for thousands of years were distinctly different than the surrounding areas. The results indicate that some habitats may be resistant to change, but once they are altered, they may not readily recover.
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Forbes, Bruce Cameron. "Anthropogenic tundra disturbance and patterns of response in the eastern Canadian Arctic." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41196.

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The literature of disturbance ecology reveals that, under present climatic conditions, non-native plants have little or no role in high arctic tundra revegetation. Rather, it has been suggested that indigenous flora, especially long-lived perennial graminoids, are crucial to recovery. However, few long-term data are available on past impacts within productive sedge-meadows in the High Arctic, and none which consider the non-vascular flora.
This thesis combines biogeographical and patch dynamics perspectives to focus on $ geq$21 yr of natural and assisted recovery of vegetation and soils from a wide range of dated anthropogenic surface disturbances at three Canadian Arctic sites. Empirical, experimental and archival investigations were made among climatically similar, but widely disjunct, coastal lowlands of contrasting geologies on Baffin, Devon, and Cornwallis Islands. These data encompass minerotrophic and oligotrophic wetlands in which the vascular floras show minimal differentiation yet the sampled bryofloras share only 31.8% of their total taxa. The occurrences chosen for study are representative of the most widespread, small-scale human impacts in the North, including vehicular, pedestrian, construction, and pollution disturbances.
It was determined that rutting from even a single passage of a tracked vehicle in summer resulted in significant reductions in species richness and biomass. On slopes $ geq$2$ sp circ$, these same small ruts have drained large areas of peatlands, a serious cumulative impact. Long-term effects of drainage include the local extinction of populations of Sphagnum spp. and rhizomatous vascular aquatics, and changes in the chemistry and thermal regime of drained mineral soils. Other effects include significant changes in biomass and the concentrations of macronutrients in the leaves of dominant species. These effects were magnified in peatlands drained where multi-pass vehicle movements occurred.
Species richness displayed an inverse relationship with trampling intensity and the soils of heavily trampled ground remained severely compacted after 21 years. These patches were dominated by dense swards of ruderal grasses. Nutrient concentrations in the leaves of the latter and other colonizing and surviving species tended to increase with trampling intensity. Trampled patches and archaeological sites appeared selectively grazed by several herbivores. Although humans initiated the disturbances within these patches, it is the animals which are responsible for many of the dynamics of patch change over the long-term.
Classification and ordination procedures revealed linkages between the floristic associations of trampled meadows on Baffin Island and archaeological sites on Devon and Cornwallis Islands. One critical implication is that even low levels of human impact may give rise to ruderal plant communities which are extremely persistent. These patches are poor in terms of species richness, but contribute to habitat heterogeneity at the landscape level and comprise preferred forage for local vertebrate herbivores.
Archaeological excavation and restoration revealed that at least some stores of viable seed exist in both mesic and wet tundra soils and point to the importance of initial floristic composition (sensu Egler 1954). From a long-term perspective, the data establish that mesic tundra vegetation and soils are easily disturbed and recover much more slowly than their low arctic counterparts under similar disturbance regimes.
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Quinton, William Leo. "Runoff from hummock-covered Arctic tundra hillslopes in the continuous permafrost zone." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24043.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Arctic tundra"

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Arctic tundra. Vero Beach, Fla: Rourke Enterprises, 1989.

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Riggs, Kate. Arctic tundra. Mankato, MN: Creative Education, 2010.

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Forman, Michael H. Arctic tundra. New York: Children's Press, 1997.

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Silver, Donald M. Arctic tundra. New York, N.Y: W.H. Freeman, 1994.

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Arctic tundra. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001.

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Tundra, the Arctic land. New York: Atheneum, 1986.

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Theodore, Taylor. Hello, Arctic! San Diego: Harcourt, 2002.

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Fowler, Allan. Arctic tundra: Land with no trees. New York: Children's Press, 1996.

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Woodford, Chris. Arctic tundra and polar deserts. 2nd ed. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2011.

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Tarbox, A. D. An Arctic tundra food chain. Mankato, Minnesota: Creative Education/Creative Paperbacks, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Arctic tundra"

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Collinson, A. S. "Arctic and alpine tundra." In Introduction to World Vegetation, 298–303. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-3935-7_17.

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Miller, Orson K. "Higher Fungi in Tundra and Subalpine Tundra from the Yukon Territory and Alaska." In Arctic and Alpine Mycology II, 287–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1939-0_19.

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Walter, Heinrich. "Zonobiome of the Arctic Tundra Climate." In Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere, 284–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96859-4_11.

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Lee, Yoo Kyung. "Arctic Tundra: Where There Are No Trees." In Arctic Plants of Svalbard, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34560-0_1.

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Moorhead, D. L., and J. F. Reynolds. "Modeling Decomposition in Arctic Ecosystems." In Landscape Function and Disturbance in Arctic Tundra, 347–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01145-4_16.

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Hope, A. S., and D. A. Stow. "Shortwave Reflectance Properties of Arctic Tundra Landscapes." In Landscape Function and Disturbance in Arctic Tundra, 155–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01145-4_7.

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Walter, Heinrich, and Siegmar-W. Breckle. "Zonobiome IX: The Arctic Tundra of Eurasia." In Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere, 495–531. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70160-3_9.

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Forbes, B. C. "Anthropogenic Tundra Disturbance in Canada and Russia." In Disturbance and Recovery in Arctic Lands, 365–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5670-7_21.

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McKendrick, J. D. "Long-Term Tundra Recovery in Northern Alaska." In Disturbance and Recovery in Arctic Lands, 503–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5670-7_29.

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Laursen, Gary A., Joe F. Ammirati, and David F. Farr. "Hygrophoraceae from Arctic and Alpine Tundra in Alaska." In Arctic and Alpine Mycology II, 273–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1939-0_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Arctic tundra"

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Zhang, Lijie, Michael Philben, Ziming Yang, Eric M. Pierce, David E. Graham, and Baohua Gu. "Biogeochemical Controls on Mercury Methylation in Arctic Tundra Soils." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.3109.

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Niittynen, Pekka, Juha Aalto, Risto Heikkinen, and Miska Luoto. "The underestimated role of winter microclimate for Arctic tundra vegetation." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107498.

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Murphy, Michael J., Oystein Tveito, Eivind Flittie Kleiven, Issam Rais, Eeva M. Soininen, John Markus Bjorndalen, and Otto Anshus. "Experiences Building and Deploying Wireless Sensor Nodes for the Arctic Tundra." In 2021 IEEE/ACM 21st International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccgrid51090.2021.00047.

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Asmus, Ashley. "Arthropod food web collapse following an insect herbivore outbreak in Arctic tundra." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.109000.

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Kim, E. J., and A. W. England. "Land surface process modeling and passive microwave remote sensing of Arctic tundra regions." In IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174). IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.1998.703672.

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Meng, Ran, Dedi Yang, Andrew McMahon, Wouter Hantson, Dan Hayes, Amy Breen, and Shawn Serbin. "A UAS Platform for Assessing Spectral, Structural, and Thermal Patterns of Arctic Tundra Vegetation." In IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8897953.

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Herndon, Elizabeth, Lauren Kinsman-Costello, Alex Michaud, David Emerson, and William Bowden. "X-Ray Vision in the Arctic Tundra: Exploring How Redox Biogeochemistry Influences Ecosystem Processes." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1024.

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Mironov, V. L., and K. V. Muzalevskiy. "Impact of a freezing topsoil on determining the Arctic tundra surface deformation using InSAR." In 2013 International Siberian Conference on Control and Communications (SIBCON 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sibcon.2013.6693624.

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Chacon, Astrid D., Miguel Velez-Reyes, Stephen M. Escarzaga, Sergio A. Vargas-Zesati, and Craig E. Tweedie. "Analysis of close-range hyperspectral images of vegetation communities in a high Arctic tundra ecosystem." In Algorithms, Technologies, and Applications for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imagery XXV, edited by David W. Messinger and Miguel Velez-Reyes. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2520670.

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Leonidovich, Mironov Valery, Muzalevskiy Konstantin Victorovich, and Shvaleva Anna. "Measuring soil temperature and moisture of arctic tundra based on SMOS and ALOS PALSAR data." In 2015 International Siberian Conference on Control and Communications (SIBCON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sibcon.2015.7147154.

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Reports on the topic "Arctic tundra"

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Schimel, J. P. Controls over nutrient flow through plants and microbes in arctic tundra. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6144289.

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Linkins, A. Factors controlling decomposition in arctic tundra and related root mycorrhizal processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6949359.

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Linkins, A. E. Modelling regulation of decomposition and related root/mycorrhizal processes in arctic tundra soils. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7263706.

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Schimel, J. Controls over nutrient flow through plants and microbes in Arctic tundra. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10118913.

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Chapin, F. S. III. Controls over nutrient flow through plants and microbes in Arctic tundra. Final technical report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10107106.

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Linkins, A. E. Modelling regulation of decomposition and related root/mycorrhizal processes in arctic tundra soils. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10178205.

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Douglas, Thomas, and Joel Blum. Mercury isotopes reveal atmospheric gaseous mercury deposition directly to the Arctic coastal snowpack. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41046.

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Springtime atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) lead to snow with elevated mercury concentrations (>200 ng Hg/L) in the Arctic and Antarctic. During AMDEs gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) is photochemically oxidized by halogens to reactive gaseous mercury which is deposited to the snowpack. This reactive mercury is either photochemically reduced back to GEM and reemitted to the atmosphere or remains in the snowpack until spring snowmelt. GEM is also deposited to the snowpack and tundra vegetation by reactive surface uptake (dry deposition) from the atmosphere. There is little consensus on the proportion of AMDE-sourced Hg versus Hg from dry deposition that is released in spring runoff. We used mercury stable isotope measurements of GEM, snowfall, snowpack, snowmelt, surface water, vegetation, and peat from a northern Alaska coastal watershed to quantify Hg sources. Although high Hg concentrations are deposited to the snowpack during AMDEs, we estimate that ∼76 to 91% is released back to the atmosphere prior to snowmelt. Mercury deposited to the snowpack as GEM comprises the majority of snowmelt Hg and has a Hg stable isotope composition similar to Hg deposited by reactive surface uptake of GEM into the leaves of trees in temperate forests. This GEM-sourced Hg is the dominant Hg we measured in the spring snowpack and in tundra peat permafrost deposits.
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Wallenstein, Matthew. Understanding Litter Input Controls on Soil Organic Matter Turnover and Formation are Essential for Improving Carbon-Climate Feedback Predictions for Arctic, Tundra Ecosystems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1411190.

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Douglas, Thomas, Merritt Turetsky, and Charles Koven. Increased rainfall stimulates permafrost thaw across a variety of Interior Alaskan boreal ecosystems. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41050.

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Earth’s high latitudes are projected to experience warmer and wetter summers in the future but ramifications for soil thermal processes and permafrost thaw are poorly understood. Here we present 2750 end of summer thaw depths representing a range of vegetation characteristics in Interior Alaska measured over a 5-year period. This included the top and third wettest summers in the 91-year record and three summers with precipitation close to mean historical values. Increased rainfall led to deeper thaw across all sites with an increase of 0.7 ± 0.1 cm of thaw per cm of additional rain. Disturbed and wetland sites were the most vulnerable to rain-induced thaw with ~1 cm of surface thaw per additional 1 cm of rain. Permafrost in tussock tundra, mixed forest, and conifer forest was less sensitive to rain-induced thaw. A simple energy budget model yields seasonal thaw values smaller than the linear regression of our measurements but provides a first-order estimate of the role of rain-driven sensible heat fluxes in high-latitude terrestrial permafrost. This study demonstrates substantial permafrost thaw from the projected increasing summer precipitation across most of the Arctic region.
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