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Journal articles on the topic 'Arctiin'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Zhou, Xiaoying, Haoke Zhang, Liang Ge, Haiyan Gong, and Shuge Tian. "Determination of Arctiin and Arctigenin Contents inArctium TomentosumMill. by HPLC Method." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, s1 (2011): S372—S376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/517681.

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A simple, precise, rapid and accurate, binary-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of arctiin and arctigenin contents in theArctium tomentosumMill. with short run time. Chromatographic separation was achieved by using HPLC system, consisting of a Shimadzu LC-6AD and Kromasil C18column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm, with pre-column), the mobile phase consists of methanol and water (55: 45). Detection wavelength was 280 nm. The speed of flow was 1.0 mL/min. The specimen handing quantity was 10 μL. The arctiin’s linearity range was 1.575∼4.725 μg (r=0.9995). The arctigenin’s linearity range was 0.613, 3.063 μg (r = 0.9998) and the linear relationship was accurate. The average recovery (n=5) of arctiin and arctigenin were 101.55% (RSD=2.23%) 101.63% (RSD =1.49 %) respectively. The contents of arctiin and arctigenin inArctium tomentosumMill. were 10.69 mg/g and 0.15 mg/g, respectively. Therefore， the developed HPLC method can be applied to bothin vitrostudies of arctiin and arctigenin formulations as well as drug estimation in biological samples.

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2

Zhou, Xiaojing, Haixing Liu, and Lintong Wang. "Determination of Arctiin in Fructus Arctii by Capillary Electrophoresis." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 772 (March 31, 2020): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/772/1/012032.

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3

Zhou, Yuyan, Li Xia, Weiqiang Yao, Jun Han, and Guodong Wang. "Arctiin Antagonizes Triptolide-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Activation of Nrf2 Pathway." BioMed Research International 2020 (October 16, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2508952.

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Triptolide (TP) is the most effective ingredient found in the traditional Chinese herbal Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, and it is widely used in therapies of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. However, the hepatotoxicity induced by TP has restricted its use in clinical trials. Arctiin is known as a protective agent against oxidative stress, and it exerts liver-protecting effect. This study was aimed at investigating the protective role of arctiin against TP-induced hepatotoxicity using in vitro and in vivo models. The results indicated that TP not only obviously induced liver injury in mice but also significantly inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells and increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen. Furthermore, TP obviously decreased the expressions of proteins of Nrf2 pathway including HO-1, NQO1, and Nrf2 associated with oxidative stress pathway. However, the above experimental indexes were reversed by the treatment of arctiin. Our results suggested that arctiin could alleviate TP-induced hepatotoxicity, and the molecular mechanism is likely related to its capacity against oxidative stress.

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4

Shin, Hee Soon, Sun Young Jung, Su Yeon Back, Jeong-Ryong Do, and Dong-Hwa Shon. "Arctigenin fromFructus Arctii(Seed of Burdock) Reinforces Intestinal Barrier Function in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/368105.

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Fructus Arctiiis used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat inflammatory diseases in oriental countries. This study aimed to investigate effect ofF. Arctiiextract on intestinal barrier function in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and to reveal the active component ofF. Arctii. We measured transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value (as an index of barrier function) and ovalbumin (OVA) permeation (as an index of permeability) to observe the changes of intestinal barrier function. The treatment ofF. Arctiiincreased TEER value and decreased OVA influx on Caco-2 cell monolayers. Furthermore, we found that arctigenin as an active component ofF. Arctiiincreased TEER value and reduced permeability of OVA from apical to the basolateral side but not arctiin. In the present study, we revealed thatF. Arctiicould enhance intestinal barrier function, and its active component was an arctigenin on the functionality. We expect that the arctigenin fromF. Arctiicould contribute to prevention of inflammatory, allergic, and infectious diseases by reinforcing intestinal barrier function.

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5

Liu, Xueying, Jian Wang, Peiyuan Dou, Xu Zhang, Xiaoku Ran, Linlin Liu, and Deqiang Dou. "The Ameliorative Effects of Arctiin and Arctigenin on the Oxidative Injury of Lung Induced by Silica via TLR-4/NLRP3/TGF-β Signaling Pathway." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (July 17, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5598980.

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Silicosis remains one of the most serious diseases worldwide, with no effective drug for its treatment. Our research results have indicated that arctiin and arctigenin could increase the mitochondrial membrane potential, which in turn reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), blocks the polarization of macrophages, and inhibits the differentiation of myofibroblasts to reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Further, our study revealed that arctiin and arctigenin suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome through the TLR-4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway and the silica-induced secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β, and α-SMA. Besides, the silica-induced increase in the levels of serum ceruloplasmin and HYP was also inhibited. Results of metabolomics indicated that arctiin and arctigenin could regulate the abnormal metabolic pathways associated with the development of silicosis, which involve pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism successively. Furthermore, the analysis of metabolomics, together with network topological analysis in different phases of silicosis, revealed that urine myristic acid, serum 4-hydroxyproline, and L-arginine could be regarded as diagnosis biomarkers in the early phase and formation of pulmonary fibrosis in the latter phases of silicosis. Arctiin and arctigenin could downregulate the increased levels of myristic acid in the early phase and serum 4-hydroxyproline in the latter phase of silicosis. Interestingly, the integration of TLR-4/NLRP3/TGF-β signaling and metabolomics verified the importance of macrophage polarization in the silicosis fibrosis process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that arctiin and arctigenin both can ameliorate silicosis effectively, and the former is a little stronger than its aglycone arctigenin because of its high oral bioavailability, low toxicity, and multimolecular active metabolites as determined by AdmetSAR and molecular docking analysis.

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6

Könye, Rita, Ágnes Evelin Ress, Anna Sólyomváry, Gergő Tóth, András Darcsi, Balázs Komjáti, Péter Horváth, et al. "Enzyme-hydrolyzed Fruit of Jurinea mollis: A Rich Source of (-)-(8R,8′R)-Arctigenin." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 10 (October 2016): 1934578X1601101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601101011.

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In Jurinea mollis fruit, the dibenzylbutyrolactone-type lignan glycoside arctiin and its aglycone arctigenin were determined for the first time using a combination of optimized enzymatic treatment and complementary spectrometric (HPLC-MS, GC-MS) and spectroscopic (CD and NMR) methods. Analysis of separated fruit parts, i.e., the fruit wall and embryo, demonstrated the specific accumulation of arctiin, since it was exclusively found in the embryo. Arctiin in the embryo samples (71.5 mg/g) was found to be quantitatively converted into arctigenin (50.7 mg/g) by endogenous enzymatic hydrolysis, resulting in one of the highest arctigenin-containing plant tissues reported to date and allowing the selective isolation of arctigenin by our recently reported three-step isolation method. The absolute configuration of the isolated arctigenin was determined to be (-)-(8 R,8′ R). Conformational analysis of arctigenin was also performed, resulting in three major low energy conformations.

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7

Ryu, Shi Yong, Jong Woong Ahn, Young Hwa Kang, and Byung Hoon Han. "Antiproliferative effect of arctigenin and arctiin." Archives of Pharmacal Research 18, no. 6 (December 1995): 462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02976353.

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8

Teixeira, Renan S., Paulo H. D. Carvalho, Jair A. K. Aguiar, Valquíria P. Medeiros, Ademar A. Da Silva Filho, and Jorge W. L. Nascimento. "Improved Method for Obtaining of Arctigenin from Arctium Lappa L. and its Antiproliferative Effect on Human Hepatocarcinoma HepG2 Cells." Current Bioactive Compounds 16, no. 3 (June 10, 2020): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573407214666181115124223.

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Background: Arctigenin is a lignan found in Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae) that displays anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies showed that the crude extract of A. Lappa has antitumor activity in human liver carcinoma, lung and stomach cancer cells. The aim of this study was to obtain arctigenin from A. lappa L., as well as to evaluate its antiproliferative effects in cells of liver carcinoma (HepG2) and fibroblasts (NIH/3T3). Methods: Arctigenin was obtained from the hydrolysis of arctiin, which was isolated from the crude extract of A. lappa. The effects of arctigenin and arctiin on HepG2 cell viability and cell adhesion were analyzed by MTT method. Adhesion assay was also carried out to evaluate the antitumor activity. Results: Our results showed that the analytical process to obtain arctigenin was fast and easy. In vitro experiments showed that arctigenin (107-269 μM) decreased HepG2 cells viability and did not cause cytotoxicity on NIH/3T3 cells. Arctigenin (27-269 μM) demonstrated anti-adhesion in HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, when compared with control. Conclusion: These results suggest a promising pharmacological activity for arctigenin as an antiproliferative compound.

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9

Wu, Jian-Guo, Jin-Zhong Wu, Lian-Na Sun, Ting Han, Jian Du, Qi Ye, Hong Zhang, and Yu-Guang Zhang. "Ameliorative effects of arctiin from Arctium lappa on experimental glomerulonephritis in rats." Phytomedicine 16, no. 11 (November 2009): 1033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.04.005.

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10

Tundis, R., G. Statti, F. Menichini, and F. Delle Monache. "Arctiin and onopordopicrin from Carduus micropterus ssp. perspinosus." Fitoterapia 71, no. 5 (September 2000): 600–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00203-3.

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11

Wang, Huiqin, Haixing Liu, and Lintong Wang. "Determination of Arctiin in Yinqiaojiedu Granules by Capillary Electrophoresis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 440 (March 19, 2020): 022009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/440/2/022009.

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12

Wang, Xiao, Fuwei Li, Qinglei Sun, Jingpeng Yuan, Ting Jiang, and Chengchao Zheng. "Application of preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography for separation and purification of arctiin from Fructus Arctii." Journal of Chromatography A 1063, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.11.077.

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13

LU, W., Y. CHEN, Y. ZHANG, X. DING, H. CHEN, and M. LIU. "Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography for the separation of arctiin and arctigenin in Fructus Arctii and its herbal preparations." Journal of Chromatography B 860, no. 1 (December 1, 2007): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.10.017.

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14

Daci, Armond, Markus Gold-Binder, Davide Garzon, Alessio Patea, and Giangiacomo Beretta. "Standardization of Solvent Extracts from Onopordum acanthium Fruits by GC-MS, HPLC-UV/DAD, HPLC-TQMS and 1H-NMR and Evaluation of their Inhibitory Effects on the Expression of IL-8 and E-selectin in Immortalized Endothelial Cells (HUVECtert)." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 7 (July 2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900716.

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In this work we have characterized and standardized the solvent extracts of the fruits of Onopordum acanthium, a plant widely distributed from Europe to Asia and used in different traditional medicines. Fruits were extracted with methanol (ME) and n-hexane (HE) and the extract compositions determined by GC-MS, HPLC-UV/DAD, HPLC-TQMS and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Anti-inflammatory activity (IL-8 and E-selectin, qPCR and ELISA) was investigated in HUVECtert cells stimulated with TNF-α and LPS. Arctiin and isochlorogenic acid were found in ME (87±2%, w/w, and 10.2±0.2%, w/w; 38.0±3.2 mg/gFRUITS and 3.5 ± 0.4 mg/gFRUITS) and (ii) paraffins in the HE (195.6 ± 5.6 mg/g). A dose dependent (from 15 to 40 μgME/mL corresponding to 20–75 μM arctiin) inhibition of E-selectin and of the induction of IL-8 was induced by LPS. The results of this study support the use of O. acanthium fruits in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cancer prevention and treatment.

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15

Zhao, Meili, Haixing Liu, Zongbao Zhang, and Lintong Wang. "Determination of Arctiin in Fengre Ganmao Granules by Capillary Electrophoresis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 440 (March 19, 2020): 022089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/440/2/022089.

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16

Han, Likun, Nana Zhang, Haixing Liu, and Lintong Wang. "Determination of Arctiin in Lingqiao Jiedu Tablet by Capillary Electrophoresis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 440 (March 19, 2020): 022090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/440/2/022090.

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17

Liu, Haixing, and Lintong Wang. "Determination of Arctiin in Lingyang Ganmao tablets by Capillary Electrophoresis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 440 (March 19, 2020): 022091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/440/2/022091.

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18

Liu, Haixing, and Lintong Wang. "Determination of Arctiin in Xiaoer Qingyan Granules by Capillary Electrophoresis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 440 (March 19, 2020): 022008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/440/2/022008.

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19

Zhang, Hui, Zhenying Zhao, Tao Wang, Yijia Wang, Xiao Cui, Huijuan Zhang, and Zhong-Ze Fang. "Inhibition of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) Isoforms by Arctiin and Arctigenin." Phytotherapy Research 30, no. 7 (May 4, 2016): 1189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5627.

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20

Yang, Mei, Xinjun Xu, Chunyan Xie, Zhisheng Xie, Jieyun Huang, and Depo Yang. "Separation and Purification of Arctiin, Arctigenin, Matairesinol, and Lappaol F fromFructus Arctiiby High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography." Separation Science and Technology 48, no. 11 (June 2013): 1738–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2012.753631.

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21

Kuo, Ping-Chung, Zi-Yu Chen, and Miao-Fan Chen. "Biopreparation of an anti-inflammatory agent, diarctigenin, from arctiin isolated from Arctium lappa by Rhizoctonia solani AG-4." Tetrahedron Letters 54, no. 50 (December 2013): 6955–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.057.

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22

Ge, Liang, Fuming Liu, Yueyue Hu, and Xiaoying Zhou. "Qualitative and quantitative analysis of arctiin and arctigenin in Arctium tomentosum Mill. by high-performance thin-layer chromatography." JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC 33, no. 1 (February 2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00764-019-00005-z.

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23

Gao, Qiong, Mengbi Yang, and Zhong Zuo. "Overview of the anti-inflammatory effects, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacies of arctigenin and arctiin from Arctium lappa L." Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 39, no. 5 (April 26, 2018): 787–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/aps.2018.32.

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24

Li, Jing, Yu-Pei Yuan, Si-Chi Xu, Ning Zhang, Chun-Ru Xu, Chun-Xia Wan, Jie Ren, Xiao-Feng Zeng, and Qi-Zhu Tang. "Arctiin protects against cardiac hypertrophy through inhibiting MAPKs and AKT signaling pathways." Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 135, no. 3 (November 2017): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphs.2017.05.012.

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25

Lu, Lai-chun, Wei Zhou, Zhuo-heng Li, Cai-ping Yu, Chen-wen Li, Ming-he Luo, and Hong Xie. "Effects of Arctiin on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Retinopathy in Sprague-Dawley Rats." Planta Medica 78, no. 12 (June 29, 2012): 1317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1314998.

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26

Xie, Li-Hua, Eun-Mi Ahn, Teruaki Akao, Atef Abdel-Monem Abdel-Hafez, Norio Nakamura, and Masao Hattori. "Transformation of Arctiin to Estrogenic and Antiestrogenic Substances by Human Intestinal Bacteria." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 51, no. 4 (2003): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.51.378.

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27

Khosravi, I., and M. Sahihi. "Computational Studies on the Interaction of Arctiin and Liquiritin With β-lactoglobulin." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 53, no. 9 (September 2, 2014): 1591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222348.2014.946844.

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28

Sun, Yantao, Hanqi Zhang, Shuyun Bi, Xiaofu Zhou, Liang Wang, and Yongsheng Yan. "Studies on the arctiin and its interaction with DNA by spectral methods." Journal of Luminescence 131, no. 11 (November 2011): 2299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2011.04.036.

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29

Lu, Lai-chun, Rong Zhang, Ming-bao Song, Shi-wen Zhou, and Gui-sheng Qian. "Optimization of Extraction and Purification of Arctiin from Fructus arctii and Its Protection Against Glucose-Induced Rat Aortic Endothelial Cell Injury." Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 69, no. 1 (October 29, 2013): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12013-013-9775-5.

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30

Kuo, Ping-Chung, Zi-Yu Chen, and Miao-Fan Chen. "ChemInform Abstract: Biopreparation of an Antiinflammatory Agent, Diarctigenin (I), from Arctiin Isolated from Arctium lappa by Rhizoctonia solani AG-4." ChemInform 45, no. 17 (April 10, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201417223.

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31

Chen, Delong, Zhen Ye, Chao Wang, Qingqing Wang, Haibin Wang, Vincent Kuek, Ziyi Wang, et al. "Arctiin abrogates osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via suppressing RANKL-induced ROS and NFATc1 activation." Pharmacological Research 159 (September 2020): 104944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104944.

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32

Okuhara, Yuji, Tsuyoshi Kitamura, Morimichi Hayashi, Tatsuya Nagasawa, Toru Tamura, Junji Kuroda, Nobuo Shibata, and Kunitoshi Mitsumori. "Lack of Modifying Effect of Arctiin on ENU-Induced Uterine Carcinogenesis in ICR Mice." Journal of Toxicologic Pathology 20, no. 3 (2007): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1293/tox.20.149.

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33

Ma, Song-Tao, Dong-lian Liu, Jing-jing Deng, Rui Niu, and Rui-bin Liu. "Effect of Arctiin on Glomerular Filtration Barrier Damage in STZ-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy Rats." Phytotherapy Research 27, no. 10 (November 12, 2012): 1474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4884.

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34

Lee, Sungwon, Seulmee Shin, Hyunyul Kim, Shinha Han, Kwanghee Kim, Jeunghak Kwon, Jin-Hwan Kwak, et al. "Anti-inflammatory function of arctiin by inhibiting COX-2 expression via NF-κB pathways." Journal of Inflammation 8, no. 1 (2011): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-9255-8-16.

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35

Wang, Wei, Qiang Pan, Xue-Ying Han, Jing Wang, Ri-Qiu Tan, Fan He, De-Qiang Dou, and Ting-Guo Kang. "Simultaneous determination of arctiin and its metabolites in rat urine and feces by HPLC." Fitoterapia 86 (April 2013): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.016.

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36

LEE, GHANG TAI, HWA JUN CHA, KWANG SIK LEE, KUN KOOK LEE, JIN TAE HONG, KYU JOONG AHN, IN-SOOK AN, SUNGKWAN AN, and SEUNGHEE BAE. "Arctiin induces an UVB protective effect in human dermal fibroblast cells through microRNA expression changes." International Journal of Molecular Medicine 33, no. 3 (January 7, 2014): 640–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1616.

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37

Chen, Heng, Li-Jing Tang, Hua Tu, Yuan-Jing Zhou, Nian-Sheng Li, Xiu-Ju Luo, and Jun Peng. "Arctiin protects rat heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury via a mechanism involving reduction of necroptosis." European Journal of Pharmacology 875 (May 2020): 173053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173053.

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38

Guo, Mengzhe, Junling Liang, and Shihua Wu. "On-line coupling of counter-current chromatography and macroporous resin chromatography for continuous isolation of arctiin from the fruit of Arctium lappa L." Journal of Chromatography A 1217, no. 33 (August 2010): 5398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.038.

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39

LOU, ZAIXIANG, CHENG LI, XINGRAN KOU, FUHAO YU, HONGXIN WANG, GARY M. SMITH, and SONG ZHU. "Antibacterial, Antibiofilm Effect of Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) Leaf Fraction and Its Efficiency in Meat Preservation." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 1404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-576.

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ABSTRACT First, the antibacterial, antibiofilm effect and chemical composition of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) leaf fractions were studied. Then, the efficiency of burdock leaf fractions in pork preservation was evaluated. The results showed that burdock leaf fraction significantly inhibited the growth and biofilm development of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium. MICs of burdock leaf fractions on E. coli and Salmonella Typhimurium were both 2 mg/ml. At a concentration of 2.0 mg/ml, the inhibition rates of the fraction on growth and development of E. coli and Salmonella Typhimurium biofilms were 78.7 and 69.9%, respectively. During storage, the log CFU per gram of meat samples treated with burdock leaf fractions decreased 2.15, compared with the samples without treatment. The shelf life of pork treated with burdock leaf fractions was extended 6 days compared with the pork without treatment, and the sensory property was obviously improved. Compared with the control group, burdock leaf fraction treatment significantly decreased the total volatile basic nitrogen value and pH of the meat samples. Chemical composition analysis showed that the burdock leaf fraction consisted of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, cynarin, crocin, luteolin, arctiin, and quercetin. As a vegetable with an abundant source, burdock leaf is safe, affordable, and efficient in meat preservation, indicating that burdock leaf fraction is a promising natural preservative for pork.

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40

Tezuka, Yasuhiro, Keiichi Yamamoto, Suresh Awale, Feng Li, Satoshi Yomoda, and Shigetoshi Kadota. "Anti-austeric Activity of Phenolic Constituents of Seeds of Arctium lappa." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 4 (April 2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800414.

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From seeds of Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae) we obtained arctigenin (1), arctiin (2), chlorogenic acid (3), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (5), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (6), matairesinol (11), isolappaol A (12), lappaol F (14), and lappaol B (15), together with 1:1 mixtures of isolappaol C (7) and lappaol C (8), arctignan E (9) and arctignan D (10), and 12 and lappaol A (13), while 3,3′,4′-tri- O-demethylarctigenin (16), 3,3′-di- O-demethyl-4′-dehydroxyarctigenin (17), and 3- O-demethylarctigenin (18) were obtained by anaerobic microbiological metabolism of 1. Then, we evaluated the in vitro preferential cytotoxic activity of these pure compounds and 1:1 mixtures, together with enterodiol (19) and enterolactone (20), against human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells in nutrient-deprived medium (NDM). Among them, 1 and 18 showed potent activity, with PC50 values of 1.75 and 4.38 μ M, respectively, while 11, 15, and 17 showed mild activity with PC50 values of 31.1, 30.9, and 38.7 μ/M, respectively. By comparing their structures and PC50 values, the following structural moieties could be concluded to be important for the preferential cytotoxicity of 1: 1) the 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl group at the 2-position on the γ-butyrolactone ring, 2) the less polar substituent at the 3-position on the γ-butyrolactone ring, and 3) the γ-butyrolactone ring.

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41

Hayashi, Kyoko, Kazuto Narutaki, Yasuo Nagaoka, Toshimitsu Hayashi, and Shinichi Uesato. "Therapeutic Effect of Arctiin and Arctigenin in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 33, no. 7 (2010): 1199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.33.1199.

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42

Zhou, Bo, Guohu Weng, Zhengxin Huang, Tao Liu, and Feiyue Dai. "Arctiin Prevents LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Inhibition of PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Mice." Inflammation 41, no. 6 (August 16, 2018): 2129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10753-018-0856-x.

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43

Hawas, Usama W., Amira M. Gamal-Eldeen, Samy K. El-Desouky, Young-Kyoon Kim, Antje Huefner, and Robert Saf. "Induction of Caspase-8 and Death Receptors by a New Dammarane Skeleton from the Dried Fruits of Forsythia koreana." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 68, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2013): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2013-1-205.

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A new naturally occurring compound based on the dammarane skeleton, i.e. cabralealactone 3-acetate-24-methyl ether, was isolated from the aqueous methanolic extract of Forsythia koreana fruits, along with eight known compounds: cabralealactone 3-acetate, ursolic acid, arctigenin, arctiin, phillyrin, rutin, caffeic acid, and rosmarinic acid. The identifi cation of the isolated compounds was based on their spectral analysis including: HREI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The selected compounds and the aqueous methanolic extract were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against human solid tumour cell lines. Cabralealactone 3-acetate-24-methyl ether and ursolic acid were found to be active against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The cytotoxicity was associated with the activation of caspase-8, the induction of the death receptors DR4 and DR5, as well as DNA fragmentation, and was thus due to apoptosis rather than necrosis

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Liu, Shiming, Kaoshan Chen, Willibald Schliemann, and Dieter Strack. "Isolation and identification of arctiin and arctigenin in leaves of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) by polyamide column chromatography in combination with HPLC-ESI[sol ]MS." Phytochemical Analysis 16, no. 2 (2005): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.816.

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Xue, Yemin, Zonghui Zhang, Jingjing Hou, Zhigang Cao, Lingxian Zhang, Fen Lou, and Puxu Xu. "Resveratrol and arctigenin production from polydatin and arctiin respectively by a thermostable β-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima." Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 37, no. 7-8 (September 2, 2018): 414–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07328303.2018.1541996.

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Yu, Bing-Sheng, Xiao-Pin Yan, Jingyu Xiong, and Qi Xin. "Simultaneous Determination of Chlorogenic Acid, Forsythin and Arctiin in Chinese Traditional Medicines Preparation by Reversed Phase-HPLC." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 51, no. 4 (2003): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.51.421.

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Zeng, Yu, Masanao Yokohira, Hijiri Takeuchi, Kousuke Saoo, Keiko Yamakawa, Yoko Matsuda, Kyoko Hosokawa, Jia-Qing Li, Mico Ikeda, and Katsumi Imaida. "Lack of significant modifying effect of arctiin on prostate carcinogenesis in probasin/SV40 T antigen transgenic rats." Cancer Letters 222, no. 2 (May 2005): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2004.09.026.

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Wang, Yanyan, Lihong Zhang, Dingding Wang, Xiuyun Guo, and Shihua Wu. "Room temperature ionic liquids-based salting-in strategy for counter-current chromatography in the separation of arctiin." Journal of Chromatography A 1478 (December 2016): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.028.

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SCHMIDT, B. CHRISTIAN, and PAUL A. OPLER. "Revised checklist of the tiger moths of the Continental United States and Canada." Zootaxa 1677, no. 1 (January 11, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1677.1.1.

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The checklist of the Arctiinae (generally treated as the Arctiidae previously) of the continental United States and Canada is revised, incorporating a number of corrections and changes to publication dates and nomenclature as presented in the recent checklist of Ferguson and Opler (2006). Clemensia patella (Druce) is revised to synonomy under Clemensia albata Packard, Holoarctia sordida (McDunnough) is raised from synonomy under H. cervini (Fallou), and Arachnis apachea Clarke is transferred from synonomy under Arachnis verna Barnes & McDunnough to Arachnis citra Neumögen & Dyar. Palearctia Ferguson is synonomized under Holarctia M. E. Smith. The North American taxa previously treated as the tribe Arctiini are segregated into the subtribes Arctiina and Spilosomina. The genera Kodiosoma Stretch and Euerythra Harvey, previously treated as Arctiini, are transferred to the subtribe Phaegopterina.

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Seo, Chang-Seob, and Hyeun-Kyoo Shin. "Quantitative Analysis of 18 Marker Components in the Traditional Korean Medicine, Cheongsangbangpung-Tang, Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Combined with Photodiode Array Detector." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010014.

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Cheongsangbangpung-tang (CSBPT) is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used in many regions of Asia, including Korea, China, and Japan, for the treatment of purulent inflammation and eczema on the face. In this study, a method for the simultaneous analysis of 18 marker components, geniposide (1), coptisine chloride (2), prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (3), berberine chloride (4), liquiritin apioside (5), liquiritin (6), ferulic acid (7), narirutin (8), 5-O-methylvisammisoide (9), hesperidin (10), arctigenin (11), baicalin (12), oxypeucedanin hydrate (13), wogonoside (14), baicalein (15), arctiin (16), glycyrrhizin (17), and pulegone (18), was developed for quality control of CSBPT. The novel approach, which is based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation coupled with photodiode array detection, was verified by the assessment of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, recovery, and precision. Analysis of CSBPT by using the established assay revealed that compounds 1–18 were present in concentrations of 0.27–18.31 mg/g.

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