Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ardl Bounds Test

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ardl Bounds Test'

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Published: 11 September 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ardl Bounds Test"

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ERDOĞDU, Hamza, and Hasan ÇİÇEK. "Modelling beef consumption in Turkey: the ARDL/bounds test approach." TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 41 (2017): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-1606-43.

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Murshed, Muntasir. "International Tourism Demand in Bangladesh: An ARDL Bounds Test Approach." Journal of Tourism Management Research 5, no. 1 (2018): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.31.2018.51.50.67.

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Muazu, Abdulrazak Umar, and Lawali Mohammad. "Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nigeria, 1970-2010: ARDL Bounds Test Approach." International Journal of Business Administration and Management Research 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijbamr.2015.1.1.04.

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This paper analyses the impact of public expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria during the period 1970 to 2010 making use of annual time series data. The study employs the bounds testing (ARDL) approach toexamine the long run and short run relationships between public expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria. The bounds test suggested that the variables of interest put in the framework are bound together in the long-run. The associated equilibrium correction was also significant confirming the existence of long-run relationships. Our findings indicate the impact of total public spending on growth to be negative which is consistent with other past studies. Recurrent expenditure however was found to have little significant positive impact on growth. Therefore, government should increase its spending on infrastructure, social and economic activities.
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Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday, Mary Oluwatoyin Agboola, Husam Rjoub, Ibrahim Adeshola, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, and Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar. "Linking Economic Growth, Urbanization, and Environmental Degradation in China: What Is the Role of Hydroelectricity Consumption?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 6975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136975.

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Achieving environmental sustainability has become a global initiative whilst addressing climate change and its effects. Thus, this research re-assessed the EKC hypothesis in China and considered the effect of hydroelectricity use and urbanization, utilizing data from 1985 to 2019. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing method was utilized to assess long-run cointegration, which is reinforced by a structural break. The outcome of the ARDL bounds test confirmed cointegration among the series. Furthermore, the ARDL revealed that both economic growth and urbanization trigger environmental degradation while hydroelectricity improves the quality of the environment. The outcome of the ARDL also validated the EKC hypothesis for China. In addition, the study employed the novel gradual shift causality test to capture causal linkage among the series. The advantage of the gradual shift causality test is that it can capture gradual or smooth shifts and does not necessitate previous information of the number, form of structural break(s), or dates. The outcomes of the causality test revealed causal connections among the series of interest.
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Nezahat, Dogan. "Agriculture and Environmental Kuznets Curves in the case of Turkey: evidence from the ARDL and bounds test." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 62, No. 12 (November 23, 2016): 566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/112/2015-agricecon.

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Chandio, Abbas Ali, Yuansheng Jiang, and Abdul Rehman. "Energy consumption and agricultural economic growth in Pakistan: is there a nexus?" International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 597–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-08-2018-0009.

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Purpose This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between energy consumption and agricultural economic growth in Pakistan over the period from 1984 to 2016. Design/methodology/approach This study used the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration to investigate the long-run and short-run determinants of agricultural economic growth in Pakistan. Findings The results of the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration revealed that long-run linkage exists among the study variables. The findings of this paper showed that agricultural economic growth is positively affected by gas consumption and electricity consumption both in the long-run and short run. The long-run and short-run coefficients of gas consumption and electricity consumption were estimated to be 0.906, 0.421, 0.595 and 0.276, respectively. The estimated equation remains stable during the period from 1984 to 2016 as analyzed by the stability tests. Originality/value This study considers the relationship between energy consumption and agricultural economic growth in Pakistan by using an ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration. The study has three contributions to economic literature:this study used different unit root tests to test stationarity of the variables such as ADF unit root test by Dicky and Fuller and P-P unit root test by Philip and Perron; the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration is applied to test the existence of long-run analysis between energy consumption and agricultural economic growth; and to check the robustness, the authors used the Johansen cointegration test to examine the long-run relationship between dependent and independent variables.
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Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday, Manuel Francisco Coelho, Dilber Çağlar Onbaşıoğlu, Husam Rjoub, Mário Nuno Mata, Paulo Viegas Carvalho, João Xavier Rita, and Ibrahim Adeshola. "Modeling the Dynamic Linkage between Renewable Energy Consumption, Globalization, and Environmental Degradation in South Korea: Does Technological Innovation Matter?" Energies 14, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 4265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144265.

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The present research assesses the influence of globalization and technological innovation on CO2 emissions in South Korea as well as taking into account the role of renewable energy consumption and energy consumption utilizing datasets between 1980 and 2018. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing method is utilized to assess long-run cointegration. The outcome of the ARDL bounds test confirmed cointegration among the series. Furthermore, the ARDL reveals that economic growth, energy consumption and globalization trigger environmental degradation while technological innovation improves the quality of the environment. In addition, the study employed the frequency domain causality test to capture causal linkage among the series. The major advantage of this approach is that causal linkage between series can be captured at the short, medium and long term, respectively. The outcomes of the causality test revealed that globalization, technological innovation, economic growth and energy use can predict CO2 emissions in South Korea.
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IYO Ipeghan, Dr, Dr EKPETE Marshall Simon, and EKPETE Kinsley Simon. "Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Approach of Financial Intermediation of Commercial Banks and Risk in Nigeria." Sumerianz Journal of Economics and Finance, no. 312 (December 16, 2020): 246–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjef.312.246.264.

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This study empirically examines the relationship between financial intermediation of commercial banks and risk in Nigeria spanning from 2007-2019 and utilizing the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration and Granger causality analysis. The result of the ARDL bounds test reveals a stable long run relationship between the dependent and independent variables with greater bound value of 16.02. The ARDL results also reveal the presence of short and long run positive and significant relationship between loans and advances and risk factors. The finding of the Granger causality reveals bidirectional causality between loans and advances and risk factors. The study recommends that commercial banks should continue their short term lending of credit for investment as default has been drastically reduced in lending to customers.
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Özaydın, Özgür, and H. Alper Güzel. "Oil Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey: An ARDL Bounds Test Approach in the Presence of Structural Breaks." Business, Management and Economics Research, no. 56 (June 15, 2019): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/bmer.56.77.85.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between oil consumption and income in Turkey, using annual data from 1961 to 2016. The stationarity properties of the series are analyzed with Lee and Strazicizh (2003), unit root test allowing for two structural breaks, along with the conventional unit root tests namely ADF, PP and KPSS. Due to conflicting findings of the unit root tests, ARDL bounds test approach to cointegration is used to capture the relationship between oil consumption and income. The findings of the ARDL bounds test indicated that oil and income are cointegrated. The causal relationship between the variables is also examined by employing Toda and Yamamoto (1995), approach to Granger non-causality. The outcomes of the Toda and Yamamoto (1995), procedure showed that the direction of the causality is running from real GDP to oil consumption, but not vice versa. Both bounds test and Toda and Yamamoto (1995), test results reveal that, energy conservation policies will not harm economic growth in Turkey.
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Fang, Hao, Tsang-Yao Chang, Yen-Hsien Lee, and Wei-Jui Chen. "The impact of macroeconomic factors on the real estate investment trust index return on Japan, Singapore and China." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 4 (December 29, 2016): 242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(4-1).2016.11.

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This study contributes to the existing literature by combining the multiple methods to clarify the influence of the macroeconomic factors on the real estate investment trust (REIT) index in three Asian countries. The authors, first, use an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test to find that a long-run equilibrium exists between the REIT index and the interest rate, inflation rate, and stock index for China and Singapore. The authors, then, analyze the long- and short-run elasticity of the macroeconomic variables on the REIT index. Finally, using the Granger non-causality test, the authors demonstrate that a unidirectional relationship, in which inflation-rate shifts cause REIT index changes, exists in Japan and Singapore and that a wealth effect, in which stock index movements cause REIT index changes, exists in Singapore. The findings have economic implications for investors seeking to gain from REITs using macroeconomic factors. Keywords: REITs, macroeconomic factor, ARDL bounds test, ARDL long-run model, error-correction model, Granger non-causality test. JEL Classification: C22, G11, L85, D53, C58, F14
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ardl Bounds Test"

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Yu, Shengjin. "The relationship between consumptions and incomes for China and India : An ARDL Bound Test Approach." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-15360.

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China and India have many in common, are geographically large developing countries with enormous populations, but with notably different economic systems. This paper focus on exploring the relationship between GDP and consumption behaviors in China and India over the period 1978-2006. We use GDP as a proxy to represent income and household final consumption as a proxy to represent consumption. The long run relations are estimated by ARDL (1, 1) model. We find that India’s consumption is in the line of theory. But the relationship between GDP and consumption in China is unique, in terms of a negative intercept, a negative time trend and a larger than one marginal propensity to consumption. This may due to two possible explanations. First, after almost 30 years high growth households in China are optimistic to their future incomes. They prefer to borrowing for smoothing their consumptions. Second, there might have winding income what are not in the statistics. Finally, we adopt a series of diagnostic tests to check if selected models are strong enough and analysis the results.
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Rosado, Pauline. "O crescimento económico e as emissões de CO2." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19407.

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Mestrado em Métodos Quantitativos para a Decisão Económica e Empresarial
Em novembro de 1990, no primeiro relatório Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC) foi reconhecido, pela primeira vez, que a combustão de energias fósseis tem consequências negativas sobre o ambiente. Desde essa data, a quantidade crescente de emissões de CO2 está associada ao processo das alterações climáticas. 40 anos depois da primeira conferência climática em 1979, as emissões de CO2 mundiais aumentaram de 85% acompanhando o PIB mundial que passou de 9.965 a 79.297 triliões de dólares. Neste enquadramento, este trabalho tem como objetivo perceber se existem relações de longo prazo entre o crescimento económico e as emissões de CO2 num conjunto de países através da especificação de modelos ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag). Perceber se essa relação existe é essencial para fundamentar as decisões governamentais. Este modelo é composto por 5 variáveis julgadas essenciais para esta análise: emissões de CO2 per capita, PIB per capita, o consumo de energia, a abertura comercial e a população urbanizada. Este trabalho abarca um horizonte temporal de 1971 a 2014 e tem em conta dados sobre 20 países com níveis de rendimento diferentes. Os resultados indicam que dos 20 países, tanto desenvolvidos como em desenvolvimento, 14 apresentam uma relação de longo prazo entre o crescimento económico e as emissões de CO2. Esta constatação permite concluir que é necessário e urgente que todos os países, desenvolvidos ou não, tenham uma agenda de políticas ambientais que promova a redução das emissões de CO2, em paralelo com o crescimento das suas economias.
In November 1990, in the first Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report it was recognized for the first time that combustion of fossil fuels has negative consequences for the environment. Since then, the increasing amount of CO2 emissions has been associated with climate change process. 40 years after the first climate conference in 1979, global CO2 emissions increased by 85% as the world GDP went from 9,965 to 79,297 trillion dollars. The countries' resilience to implement the solutions approved in the climate conferences in order to limit CO2 emissions and the continued increase in GDP has raised the question about the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions. In this context, this paper aims to understand if there are long-term relationships between economic growth and CO2 emissions in a set of countries, by specifying an Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL). Understanding whether such a relationship exists is essential to ease government decisions. The model include 5 variables: per capita CO2 emissions, Gross Domestic Product per capita, energy consumption, trade openness and population in urban areas. This paper analyzes data between 1971 and 2014 and on 20 countries with different income levels. The results show that 14 of the 20 countries, both developed and developing, don't have a long term relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions. This finding allows to conclude that it is necessary and urgent that all countries, whether developed or not, have an environmental policy agenda that promotes the reduction of CO2 emissions while assuring economic growth.
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Martins, Diogo Miguel Gomes. "Do labour market reforms pay off? Unemployment and capital accumulation in Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12572.

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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e Financeira
Esta dissertação tem como propósito o estudo da relação de longo-prazo entre o desemprego, a acumulação de capital e as variáveis do mercado de trabalho em Portugal, entre o 1º trimestre de 1985 e o 4º trimestre de 2013. É utilizado o modelo ARDL-Bounds Test para realizar a estimação econométrica. A evidência encontrada sugere que a acumulação de capital foi o principal determinante da taxa de desemprego de longo-prazo (NAIRU), ao passo que as variáveis do mercado de trabalho têm um poder explicativo residual ou inexistente. Estes resultados sugerem que a NAIRU é endógena em relação à acumulação de capital. Com efeito, conclui-se que as reformas no mercado de trabalho propostas pela Troika foram inadequadas para o caso português, uma vez que foram baseadas num enquadramento teórico (a teoria da NAIRU exógena) não representativo do mercado de trabalho desse país.
The aim of this dissertation is to study the long-run relationship between unemployment, capital accumulation and labour market variables in Portugal for the 1985Q1-2013Q4 period. We use an ARDL-bounds test model to perform the econometric estimation. We find evidence that capital accumulation has been the main driver of long-run unemployment (NAIRU), whilst labour market variables have played either a negligible or an existent explicative role. It suggests that Portuguese NAIRU is endogenous relative to capital accumulation. Consequently, we conclude that the labour market reforms proposed by Troika were inadequate to the Portuguese case as they were based upon a theoretical framework (exogenous NAIRU model) that was not representative of the Portuguese labour market.
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Alcobia, João André Ferreira. "Functional and interpersonal distribution of income and economic growth in Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16383.

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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e Financeira
O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é estudar a relação de longo prazo entre a distribuição funcional e interpessoal do rendimento e o crescimento do PIB em Portugal para o período entre 1985 e 2016. O modelo econométrico escolhido é ARDL-bounds test. Há evidências de que a transferência de rendimento do fator capital para o fator trabalho tem efeitos positivos no crescimento de longo prazo de Portugal. O aumento nos rendimentos de topo (TOP 0,01%) também tem efeitos positivos, mas menores no crescimento de longo prazo. As razões invocadas para o aumento do peso do profit share são essencialmente as mesmas que o aumento dos rendimentos de topo. Conclui-se que os governos devem concentrar-se em medidas para aumentar o wage share e, consequentemente, propiciarão a aceleração do crescimento económico de longo prazo.
The objective of this master's thesis is to study the long-term relationship between the interpersonal and functional distribution of income and GDP growth in Portugal for the period between 1985 and 2016.The econometric model chosen is the ARDL-bounds test.There is evidence that the transfer of income from the capital to the labor factor has positive effects on the long term growth of Portugal. The increase in top yields (TOP 0,01%) also have positive but smaller effects.As the reasons given for the increase in the weight of profit share are essentially the same as the increase in top income, it is concluded that governments should be focused on measures to increase wage share and consequently reduce income inequality, having positive long-term economic growth effects.
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Altin, Mehmet. "Economic Sentiment Indicator as a Demand Determinant in Tourism: A Case of Turkey." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42577.

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Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world, employing approximately 220 million people and generating over 9.4% of the world's GDP. The growing contribution of tourism is accompanied by an increased interest in understanding the major factors which influence visitation levels to those countries. Therefore, finding the right variables to understand and estimate tourism demand becomes very important and challenging in policy formulations. The purpose of this study is to introduce Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI) to the field of tourism demand studies. Using ESI in demand analysis, this study will assist in the ability to tap into individuals' hopes and/or worries for the present and future. The study developed a demand model in which the number of tourist arrivals to Turkey from select EU countries is used as the dependent variable. ESI along with more traditional variables such as Interest Rate, Relative Price, and Relative Exchange Rate were brought into the model as the independent demand determinants. The study utilized such econometric models as ARIMA for seasonality adjustment and ARDL Bound test approach to cointegration for the long and short-run elasticities. ESI was statistically significant in 8 countries out of 13, three of those countries had a negative coefficient and five had a positive sign as proposed by the study. The study posits that ESI is a good indicator to gauge and monitor tourism demand and adding the visitors' state of mind into the demand equation could reduce errors and increase variance in arrivals. Policy makers should monitor ESI as it fluctuates over time. Since we do not have direct influence on travelers' demand for tourism, it is imperative that we use indirect approaches such as price adjustment and creating new packages or promotional expenditures in order to influence or induce demand. Using this information generated from the study, government officials and tourism suppliers could adjust their promotional activities and expenditures in origin countries accordingly.
Master of Science
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Sagir, Serhat. "Effects Of Monetary Policy On Banking Interest Rates: Interest Rate Pass-through In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613717/index.pdf.

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In this study, the effects of CBRT monetary policy decisions on the consumer, automobile, housing and commercial loans of the banks during the period from the early of 2004 to the middle of 2011 are examined. In order to perform this study, it is benefited from weekly weighted average loan interest rate data of the banks, which is the data having the highest frequency that could be obtained from the electronic data distribution system of CBRT. Monetary policy instruments of Central Bank may change in the course of time or monetary policy could be executed by more than one instrument. Therefore, as the political interest rate would be insufficient in the calculation of the effect of monetary policy on loan interest rates of the banks, Government Dept Securities&rsquo
premiums are used instead of the political interest rates in this study to make it reflect the policies of central bank more clearly as a whole. Among the Government Dept Securities that have different maturity structure, benchmark bonds that are adapted to the expected political interest rate changes and that react to the unexpected interest rate changes at the high rate (reaction coefficient 0.983) are used. In order to weight the cointegration relation between interest rates, unrestricted error correction model is established and it is determined by Bound Test that there is a long-term relation between each interest rate and interest rate of benchmark bond. After a cointegration relation is determined among the serials, autoregressive distributed lag model is used to determine the level of transitivity and it is determined that monetary policy decisions affect the banking interest rate at 77% level and by 13 weeks delay on average.
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LIU, SHU HSIN, and 劉書昕. "Is Gold a Hedge instrument in Taiwan and US Markets?─Evidence from ARDL Bounds Test." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67m5jd.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
國際企業研究所
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The aim of this paper is to examine whether the gold is a hedge instrument in Taiwan and US markets by using the ARDL bounds test. The monthly data of gold price, stock, consumer product index(CPI), industrial production index(IPI) for Taiwan and US is used from 1997/01-2016/04. We use ADF unit root test and Phillips-Perron unit root test to test the unit root for these variable and the Zivot and Andrews unit root test to find the structure break point, and ARDL model (Pe-saran and Shin, 1998) to analyze the effect of gold in Taiwan and US markets. We find that 1. Taiwan stock market and income had significant effect gold in the short run. 2. US in-flation and income had significant effect Gold in the short run. 3. Gold is the hedge instrument against inflation in both Taiwan and US inflation in the long run. 4. During financial crisis, gold is the safe haven instrument for both Taiwan and US stock market in in the long run.
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Shooshtari, Milad. "ELASTICITY OF DEMAND FOR NATURAL GAS IN WESTERN AND CENTRAL CANADA." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/49070.

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In this paper, we used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and the bounds test approach to estimate the elasticity of demand for natural gas in Western and Central Canada. The best model specification selected by Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) for each province suggests that there exist long-run relationships between the dependent variable and independent variables for all provinces, except Ontario. Consumption per capita in these provinces can be explained by natural gas prices, electricity prices, income, and heating degree days (a measurement for the weather factor) in levels for the selected specification. The results show that natural gas demand is very inelastic with respect to natural gas prices and also with respect to heating degree days.
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Nunes, André Francisco Roque. "Electricity generation mix and economic growth: What role is being played by nuclear sources and carbon dioxide emissions in France?" Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/5831.

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The gradual trend towards the electrification of the economies has raised new challenges. Focusing on France, this dissertation uses monthly data from January 2010 to November 2014, to study the challenge of the simultaneous integration of various sources of generation and their relationship with economic growth. For the analysis of the dynamics of interaction between electricity sources, the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test approach was shown to be appropriate, as it allows short- and long-run effects to be distinguished. The results indicate that nuclear energy has been a huge driver of economic growth in France, meanwhile leads to an environment with lower CO2 emissions. Renewables were shown to exert a negative effect on economic growth, which could be due to lack of investment in other sources of production due to the resilient position held by nuclear source. The substitution effect among sources is noticeable. The robustness of the results was checked with annual data, from 1970 until 2012, and the results are comparable with those from the monthly data.
A presente dissertação visa analisar a interação simultânea entre as várias fontes de produção de eletricidade e o crescimento económico. Esta pesquisa foca-se em França, utilizando dados mensais a partir de Janeiro de 2010 até Novembro de 2014. Para analisar as diferentes dinâmicas de interação utilizou-se o modelo autorregressivo (ARDL). Esta metodologia permite fazer uma distinção entre efeitos de curto e de longo prazo. Os resultados demostram que a energia nuclear tem sido uma grande impulsionadora do crescimento da economia Francesa, e na diminuição das emissões de CO2. Sendo que, as energias renováveis revelam ter um efeito negativo no crescimento económico. De fato, este efeito pode ser causado pela falta de investimentos na implementação de energias renováveis, devido à posição dominante da energia nuclear, no sistema electroprodutor Francês. A robustez dos resultados foi verificada com dados anuais, de 1970 até 2012, através dos quais os resultados obtidos são comparáveis com os dos dados mensais, verificando o efeito de substituição entres as fontes de geração de eletricidade.
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Neves, Sónia Cristina Almeida. "Are electricity ordinary and special regimes driving economic activity?" Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/5988.

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This study focuses on the analysis of interactions between electricity generation sources under both the Special Regime and the Ordinary Regime in Spain, and their relationships with economic activity. The time span comprises data from January 2003 to September 2014. The Toda-Yamamoto causality test is carried out to check causality relationships. Both short- and long-run effects are assessed, by using the ARDL bounds test approach. Overall, the results reveal strong internal consistency when comparing the ARDL results with the causality analysis. On the one hand, a unidirectional causality running from the ordinary regime to the special regime was found. On the other hand, with respect to the ordinary regime there is empirical evidence for the energy-growth hypothesis. In the meantime, the special regime contributes to hampering economic growth in Spain.
A presente dissertação estuda a interação entre fontes de geração de eletricidade através da produção sob regime especial e sob regime ordinário e a sua relação com a atividade económica. O estudo utiliza dados mensais de Janeiro de 2003 até Setembro de 2014. O teste de causalidade Toda-Yamamoto foi executado para averiguar quais as relações de causalidade existentes entre as variáveis. A metodologia ARDL bounds test permitiu capturar os efeitos de curto e de longo prazo em separado. Globalmente, os resultados das causalidades revelam grande consistência quando comparados com os resultados da metodologia ARDL. Os resultados sugerem a existência de uma causalidade unidirecional da produção de eletricidade em regime ordinário para o regime especial. Analisando o tradicional nexus pode-se concluir que a hipótese de feedback é verificada entre o regime ordinário e a atividade económica. Por outro lado, verifica-se também que o regime especial é um entrave ao crescimento da atividade económica.
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Books on the topic "Ardl Bounds Test"

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White, William. The application of polystyrene bound tin hydride to a continuous flow reactor system for the reduction of alkyl and aryl halides. 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ardl Bounds Test"

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Faizulayev, Alimshan, and Isah Wada. "Spillover Effect of Interest Rate Volatility on Banking Sector Development in Nigeria: Dynamic ARDL Bound Test Approach." In Global Issues in Banking and Finance, 111–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30387-7_8.

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Ari, Yakup. "The Impact of USD-TRY Forex Rate Volatility on Imports to Turkey from Central Asia." In Economic, Educational, and Touristic Development in Asia, 70–89. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2239-4.ch004.

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The purpose of this study is to put out the impact of volatility of the USD-TRY forex rate on imports to Turkey from Central Asia. The volatility of the USD/TRY exchange rate is analysed with a conditional variance model which is Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH) model and its extensions. The other section of the methodology is an application of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test which is an efficient approach to determine the cointegration, long-term and short-term relations between macroeconomic variables. The exponential GARCH volatility of the exchange rate and the monthly trade data between the years 2005 and 2018 are used in the ARDL bounds test.
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Chaabouni, Sami, and Chokri Abednnadher. "The Determinants of Health Expenditures in Tunisia." In Health Economics and Healthcare Reform, 253–67. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3168-5.ch015.

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This article examines the determinants of health expenditures in Tunisia during the period 1961-2008, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach by Pesaran et al. (2001). The results of the bounds test show that there is a stable long-run relationship between per capita health expenditure, GDP, population ageing, medical density and environmental quality. In fact, on the one hand there are the short-run and long-run results which reveal that health care is a necessity, not a luxury good. On the other hand, results of the causality test show that there is a bidirectional causal flow from health expenditures to income, both in the short and in the long run.
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Cergibozan, Raif, and Caner Demir. "The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Outflows from Turkey." In Outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Emerging Market Economies, 227–43. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2345-1.ch011.

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The aim of this study is to specify the determinants of the outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows from Turkey. For this purpose, the ARDL Bounds Test is used in order to observe the possible relation between these flows and define potential factors that might have an effect on them. The evidences of the empirical analysis reveal that the destination countries' market size, the home country's development level, trade openness and wage rate are positively related to outward FDI while the home country's interest rate shows a negative relationship. Turkey's outward FDI is significantly determined by the opportunities of the foreign markets as well as the outstanding home country factors.
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Cergibozan, Raif, and Caner Demir. "The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Outflows from Turkey." In Foreign Direct Investments, 659–75. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2448-0.ch028.

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The aim of this study is to specify the determinants of the outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows from Turkey. For this purpose, the ARDL Bounds Test is used in order to observe the possible relation between these flows and define potential factors that might have an effect on them. The evidences of the empirical analysis reveal that the destination countries' market size, the home country's development level, trade openness and wage rate are positively related to outward FDI while the home country's interest rate shows a negative relationship. Turkey's outward FDI is significantly determined by the opportunities of the foreign markets as well as the outstanding home country factors.
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Çetin, Murat, Eyyup Ecevit, Fahri Seker, and Davuthan Günaydin. "Financial Development and Energy Consumption in Turkey." In Handbook of Research on Behavioral Finance and Investment Strategies, 297–314. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7484-4.ch018.

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This chapter investigates the cointegration and causal relationship between financial development and energy consumption in the case of Turkey over the period 1960-2011. In doing so, the ARDL bounds testing and Johansen-Juselius approaches to cointegration and Granger causality test based on vectorerror correction model are employed. The empirical results show that the series are cointegrated. The empirical results also show a positive and statistically significant relationship between financial development and energy consumption in the long run. In addition, a unidirectional causality running from financial development to energy consumption is found in the short and long run. Thus, this chapter provides an empirical evidence that financial development is a determinant of energy consumption in Turkey. This chapter also presents some implications for Turkey's energy policy.
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Menegaki, Angeliki. "An A–Z guide for complete research when using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test approach in the broader energy-growth nexus." In A Guide to Econometrics Methods for the Energy-Growth Nexus, 63–101. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819039-5.00007-0.

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Fahrani, Ramzi, and Azza Béjaoui. "On the Evolutionary Interplay Between Remittances, Financial Development, and Economic Growth." In Advances in Educational Marketing, Administration, and Leadership, 78–96. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8003-4.ch004.

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In this chapter, the authors attempt to investigate the interaction between remittances and financial development and its impact on the economic growth over the period 1980-2016. In this respect, they apply the autoregressive distributed lag bound test (ARDL) approach on cross-country of data series from 1980 to 2016 to study the short- and long-run relationship of remittances and financial development with economic growth. The empirical results show that the direct effects of shipments on growth are significant. On the other hand, the impact of remittances on economic seems to be more significant by means of the financial development. It also shows that these shipments are more efficient in the case of a less developed informal sector, a politically stable economy, and a developed financial structure.
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Bhattacharyya, Rajib. "Changing Patterns of Energy Use and Its Linkage With Some Macroeconomic Variables in India and China." In Handbook of Research on Economic and Political Implications of Green Trading and Energy Use, 163–80. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8547-3.ch009.

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Over the last decade there has been a gradual change in the global energy landscape, with fast-growing emerging markets overtaking the traditional centers in terms of energy demand. International Energy Outlook 2017 forecasts that energy consumption in non-OECD countries would increase by 41% between 2015 and 2040 in contrast to a 9% increase in OECD countries. The chapter focuses on two major areas: (1) examining the changing pattern of the composition of energy use in the two selected countries of Asia (India and China) and (2) examining the short-run and long-run relationship among energy use, GDP per capita, energy intensity, use of electricity power, extent of urbanization. Using ARDL bound test for the period 1990 to 2014 for the World Development Indicator data 2017-18, it reveals that the powerhouses of global energy demand growth are led by the developing economies of Asia (i.e., China, India, Indonesia, Morocco, Brazil, Singapore, and Thailand). In the case of India, a long-run association has been found between energy use and GDP per capita, energy intensity, use of electricity power, and extent of urbanization, but no instances are for China.
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Bhattacharyya, Rajib. "Changing Patterns of Energy Use and Its Linkage With Some Macroeconomic Variables in India and China." In Research Anthology on Clean Energy Management and Solutions, 1615–33. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9152-9.ch070.

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Over the last decade there has been a gradual change in the global energy landscape, with fast-growing emerging markets overtaking the traditional centers in terms of energy demand. International Energy Outlook 2017 forecasts that energy consumption in non-OECD countries would increase by 41% between 2015 and 2040 in contrast to a 9% increase in OECD countries. The chapter focuses on two major areas: (1) examining the changing pattern of the composition of energy use in the two selected countries of Asia (India and China) and (2) examining the short-run and long-run relationship among energy use, GDP per capita, energy intensity, use of electricity power, extent of urbanization. Using ARDL bound test for the period 1990 to 2014 for the World Development Indicator data 2017-18, it reveals that the powerhouses of global energy demand growth are led by the developing economies of Asia (i.e., China, India, Indonesia, Morocco, Brazil, Singapore, and Thailand). In the case of India, a long-run association has been found between energy use and GDP per capita, energy intensity, use of electricity power, and extent of urbanization, but no instances are for China.
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Conference papers on the topic "Ardl Bounds Test"

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Liu, Xiaoqin, and Hongyu Liu. "An ARDL bounds test approach to CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in China." In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5876667.

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Heidari, Hassan, and Narmin Davoudi. "Exports, Imports and Economic Growth in Iran: An Application of Bounds Test Approach to Cointegration." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00172.

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This paper examines the long-run relationship between exports, imports and economic growth in Iranian economy using annual data over the period of 1960-2007. As Iran is an oil-exporting country, and oil-export boom has a direct impact on the import demand function, and it leads to higher levels of consumption that impact on growth, we emphasize the role of the imports variable in this investigation. Moreover, following recent studies about importance of human capital in endogenous growth models, we extend Feder's model (1982) by entering a proxy for human capital. As Iranian economy has been subject to numerous shocks and regime shifts, we apply Bai and Perron (2003) test to detect any possible endogenous structural breaks. Hence, investigating data properties by concerning structural breaks shows that our variables are not in the same order of integration. This property convince us to use Bounds Test approach to cointegration developed by pesaran et, al. (2001) where it can be applied irrespective of order of integration of the variables. Finally, being sure about existence a long-run relationship between variables, ARDL approach and ECM employed to argue about short-run and long-run coefficient. The results reveal that while there is significant positive relationship between exports and economic growth, the effect of imports is insignificant and also human capital has a negative effect on growth both in short and long run.
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Bedir, Serap, Dilek Özdemir, and Kerem Karabulut. "The Feldstein-Horioka Puzzle for Eurasian Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00916.

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The presence of a relation between saving and investment which has been debated in the empirical literature following the pioneering of Feldstein-Horioka (1980) is paramount to the determination of economic policies. Feldstein-Horioka (1980) stated that the relationship between saving and investment depends on the degree of international capital mobility. A high correlation between saving and investment is often taken as evidence of capital immobility. The purpose of this study is to empirically test the validity of the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle. The model developed within the context of the theoretical framework was estimated by means of panel ARDL (auto-regressive distributed lag bound test) approach which is a panel vector error correction method using the data for Eurasian economics for the period 1992-2011. The data is taken from World Development Indicators. The short-run analysis supports the Feldstein-Horioko hypothesis and captured from error correction model (ECM). The results of the bounds test suggest that there is a long run relationship between savings and investment. Therefore, the Feldstein–Horioko correlations are not a puzzle for our sample because of the low correlation and high capital mobility.
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Bedir, Serap, and Arzu Tural Dikmen. "Fiscal Deficit and Inflation: New Evidences from Turkey Using a Bounds Testing Approach." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00915.

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A well-established theory in macroeconomics is that governments running persistent deficits have sooner or later to finance those deficits with money creation, thus producing inflation. The fiscal view of inflation has been especially prominent in the developing country literature, which has long recognized that less efficient tax collection, political instability, and more limited access to external borrowing tend to lower the relative cost of seigniorage and increase dependence on the inflation tax. For this reason, the main factors which affecting inflation rate in developing countries are extremely important for policy makers as when the causes of inflation are correctly specified the appropriate policy change can be easily diagnosed and effectively implemented. The purpose of this study is to test the empirical relationship between inflation and the budget deficit for the Turkish economy by an autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) analysis for the period 1970–2010. The data is taken from Republic of Turkey Ministry of Development and World Bank’s Database. The empirical findings indicates that fiscal deficit is one of the important variables of the price level along with other variables like interest rates, exchange rate, per capita income, trade of GDP. The short-run analysis captured from error correction model (ECM). The results of the bounds test suggest that there is a long run relationship between fiscal deficit and inflation. These findings drive important inferences for implications of monetary and fiscal policies.
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Benazić, Manuel, and Daniel Tomić. "Testing the stability of money multupliers for Croatia." In Organizations at Innovation and Digital Transformation Roundabout: Conference Proceedings. University of Maribor Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-388-3.5.

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This paper analyses the stability of monetary multiplication process in Croatia and its forecasting ability. The money multiplier approach assumes that the monetary authorities are able to control the monetary base through money multipliers by affecting the money supply and the rate of inflation. Thus, by controlling the monetary base, monetary authorities can achieve price stability. For implementing an effective and accurate monetary policy, money multipliers should be stable. The stability of money multipliers implies that different measures of money supply (i.e. different monetary aggregates) and reserve money are stationary or that different measures of money supply and reserve money are cointegrated. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to test for the stationarity of money multipliers and to determine the long-run relationship between different monetary aggregates and reserve money for Croatia using monthly data in the period from 2011 to 2019 and the bounds testing (ARDL) approach for cointegration. The results of the unit-root tests indicate that money multipliers are nonstationary, therefore unstable and inappropriate for the short-run policy purpose. On the other side, the existence of stable cointegration relationships suggests the validity of the money multiplier model in the long-run
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Razali, Radzuan, Habib Khan, Afza Shafie, and Abdul Rahman Hassan. "The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Malaysia: ARDL bound test approach." In 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES (ICFAS2016). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4968159.

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Ersin, Özgür Ömer, and Mustafa Batuhan Tufaner. "An Econometric Analysis on the Relationship between Foreign Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02163.

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The globalization process has accelerated the liberalization of foreign trade and capital movements. This acceleration is caused in widening and intensifying relations between foreign direct investment and foreign trade. This paper examines the foreign direct investments’ contribution to the foreign trade. The empirical study is based on time series analysis for Turkey and used monthly data over the period 1992-2017. Econometric techniques for time series are applied to test unit roots, Johansen cointegration test, ARDL bound model and Granger causality test. The test results indicate that there is a correlative relation between foreign trade and foreign direct investment. As a result foreign trade affects foreign direct investments.
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Ay, Ahmet, Şerife Özşahin, and Mustafa Gerçeker. "The Relationship between Nominal Exchange Rate and Sectoral Output: An Emprical Analysis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00901.

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In this study, it is investigated the existence of the long term relationship between nominal exchange rate and sectoral output for seven different sectors in Turkey by using control variables including money supply, total public expenditure, oil price and unemployment rate. For this purpose, possible relations are tried to be determined by using bound test and ARDL method for the period 1998 Q1-2011 Q3 with quarterly data. As a result of the bound test, it is achieved that there is a long term relationship in all sectors excluding construction. Based on this finding, it is estimated the long term coefficients and equations for the six sectors. These long term coefficients indicate that the rise in the TL/dollar nominal exchange rate affects sectoral output negatively in all sectors excluding finance because of the cost effects of imported input usage.
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Can, Zeynep Gizem, Ufuk Can, and Harun Bal. "Inclusive Growth and Globalization: The Case of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02277.

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This study aims to determine the relationship between inclusive growth and globalization. Since both concepts are multidimensional and do not directly related data on these concepts, an inclusive growth index is formed which covers sixteen different data with the help of principal component analysis. The globalization data are compiled from the KOF Swiss Economic Institute and the relationship between them is determined by Engle-Granger cointegration, Granger causality and ARDL bounds tests. Econometric findings show that inclusive growth has accelerated in the period between 1991 and 2015, that there is a long-term relationship with the inclusive growth index and the globalization index. This situation is contradictory with the conclusion that the causality relationship in the literature is towards global growth through inclusive growth. Information, social, economic and financial globalizations are directly related to economic performance, education, health and infrastructure investments and its funding conditions.
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Manga, Müge, Mehmet Akif Destek, Muammer Tekeoğlu, and Erkut Düzakın. "The Relationship between Financial Development and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01689.

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The relationship between financial development and economic growth and the direction of causality between them have been received a lot of attention recently by many scholars. It is also important to analyze this relationship and the direction of causality due to implications of policies. In this study the relationship between financial development, trade liberalization and economic growth for Turkey are examined using three different models. Model 1, 2 and 3 investigate the effect of domestic loans to the private sector and trade liberalization on GDP, the impact of the domestic credit provided by banks to the private sector and trade liberalization on GDP and the effect of M2 money supply and M2 trade liberalization on GDP, respectively. Data extracted from World Development Indicators. Autoregressive-Distributed Lag Bound Test (ARDL) is used as a co-integration test to determine the long run relationship between variables. In addition, Toda and Yamamoto (1995) is utilized to test the direction of causality between financial development and economic growth according to the three financial indicators such as domestic loans to the private sector, the domestic credit provided by banks to the private sector and M2 money supply. According to the results there is a unidirectional relationship from economic growth to domestic loans to the private sector and the domestic credit provided by banks to the private sector. Additionally, the results indicate that a bidirectional relationship exist between M2 money supply and economic growth.
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