Academic literature on the topic 'Area at highest risk'
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Journal articles on the topic "Area at highest risk"
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TA, Olusi, Aniaguya RN, Dada EO, and Olaniran O. "Water Contact! One Risk Too Many: Risk Factors Associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection in Osun State, Nigeria." Epidemiology International Journal 8, no. 4 (2024): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.23880/eij-16000284.
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Urinary schistosomiasis (US) is a significant public health problem to humans globally, particularly in sub-Sahara African countries. This study was carried out among 427 residents of Aye-Oba and Aye-Amodo in Ife South Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. Their urine samples were examined by microscopy for the egg (s) of Schistosoma haematobium using a standard parasitological technique of sedimentation. The result showed that a total of 32.6% were positive for S. haematobium infection. Infection significantly varied among sex and age groups (p<0.05). Moreover, students/unemployed had the highest prevalence 52.1% compared to skilled workers with none positive for S. haematobium infection. Similarly, those with primary education recorded highest S. haematobium infection compared with those who had tertiary education with none positive for infection. Annual family income also played a major role as those with income ≤ ₦360,000 annually had the highest infection compared to those who earned ≤ ₦1,200,000 annually who recorded only 10.0% prevalence rate. Other variables including source of water, types of toilet and water contact activities also played a significant role in the transmission of urinary schistosomiasis. Thus, appropriate mitigating measures should be employed in the control of urinary schistosomiasis in the study area.
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Focus, Erasto, Mwemezi J. Rwiza, Najat K. Mohammed, and Firmi P. Banzi. "Health Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Soil for People Living and Working in a Mining Area." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (July 2, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9976048.
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The present study used soils collected from a small-scale gold mine area to determine the health risks due to trace elements to the at-risk population in the study area. The work involved 74 soil samples from four sampling categories: 29 samples were from the mining pits (MD), 18 samples from the first washing area (WA), 17 samples from the second washing area (WB), and 10 samples from the control area (C). All samples were analyzed for Cr, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Zn, and Hg using the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Florescence (ED-XRF) method. Trace element levels were found to vary across the four sampling categories. The concentrations of trace elements recorded from different sampling categories varied in an increasing order of MD > WA > WB > C. Mercury was detected in the highest levels (max. 3.72 ± 0.15) at WB while it was not detected in the samples from C. Samples from MD indicated that Cu (max. 737.66 ± 1.3 mg/kg) was found in the highest levels whereas Hg (mean = 0.007 mg/kg) was the lowest. At WA, Cu (max. = 178.97 ± 2.46 mg/kg) registered the highest average concentration while Hg (mean = 0.05 mg/kg) had the lowest concentration. For WB, Cu (max. = 230.66 ± 3.99 mg/kg) was found in the highest concentration. The hazard index value for all exposure routes was found to be 1.77, making noncarcinogenic effects significant to the adult population. For children, the hazard index value was 9.11, showing a severe noncarcinogenic effect on children living in the study area. For the noncancer effects through the inhalation pathway, the risk posed by Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb was negligible for both adults and children, while Co posed the highest noncancer risk for children. Cobalt also indicated the highest noncancer risk for children through the dermal pathway, while As indicated the highest noncancer risk to children through ingestion. For the cancer risk, the adults were more at risk compared to children, except for As and Co through the dermal pathway posing the highest threat. Trace element concentrations, hazard quotient, and hazard index values indicated that the area was polluted and that noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects on residents and miners were significant. Therefore, there is a need to put in place mining regulations aimed at protecting the at-risk human population in the study area.
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Baker, Richard, Dominic Eyre, and Sarah Brunel. "Matching methods to produce maps for pest risk analysis to resources." NeoBiota 18 (September 13, 2013): 25–40. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.18.4056.
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Decision support systems (DSSs) for pest risk mapping are invaluable for guiding pest risk analysts seeking to add maps to pest risk analyses (PRAs). Maps can help identify the area of potential establishment, the area at highest risk and the endangered area for alien plant pests. However, the production of detailed pest risk maps may require considerable time and resources and it is important to match the methods employed to the priority, time and detail required. In this paper, we apply PRATIQUE DSSs to <i>Phytophthora austrocedrae</i>, a pathogen of the Cupressaceae, <i>Thaumetopoea pityocampa</i>, the pine processionary moth, <i>Drosophila suzukii,</i> spotted wing Drosophila, and <i>Thaumatotibia leucotreta</i>, the false codling moth. We demonstrate that complex pest risk maps are not always a high priority and suggest that simple methods may be used to determine the geographic variation in relative risks posed by invasive alien species within an area of concern.
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Rammerstorfer, Margarethe. "Risk Acceptance and Regulatory Risk." Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 10, no. 3 (2009): 235–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/178359170901000302.
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The current debate among policy makers, regulatory analysts, and industry concerns the insufficient investment activities within the area of regulated utilities and emphasises the necessity of analyzing the interdependencies between systematic risk and regulatory activities. This article deals with the different extents of systematic risk under different regulatory regimes. First, it is shown that price cap regulation provides higher systematic risk than incentive regulation or no-regulation. In a second step, the extent of risk aversion of regulated companies is analyzed. It turns out that an unregulated company chooses the investment project with the highest expected return, whereas regulated companies primarily focus on risk prevention.
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Li, Guoyi, Jiahong Liu, and Weiwei Shao. "Flood Risk Assessment Using TELEMAC-2D Models Integrated with Multi-Index Analysis in Shenzhen River Basin, China." Water 14, no. 16 (2022): 2513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162513.
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An urban flood simulation model based on TELEMAC-2D was constructed, and the inundation data of two measured rainstorms (7 June 2018 and 16 September 2018) were selected to validate the model. Flooding processes were simulated under 12 designed rainfall scenarios with rainfall return periods of 20, 50 and 100 years and rainfall peak coefficients of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. The hazard-vulnerability (H-V) method was used for urban flood risk assessment. The selected hazard factors included inundation depth, flood velocity, elevation and slope. The vulnerability factors included land use type, population density and property distribution. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to calculate the weight values of each indicator factor, and ArcGIS software was used for overlay calculation. The results of the analysis show that as the rainfall peak coefficient factor increases, the area of each risk zone increases to varying degrees. The larger the rainfall peak coefficient factor, the more serious the flooding. As the rainfall return period increases, the effect of the rainfall peak coefficient factor of the change in the area of the highest risk zone diminishes. The highest risk zone is the largest within Luohu District (LHD), accounting for 46.38%, 60.92% and 45.54% of the total highest risk area, respectively. As the return period increases, the area of the highest risk zone within Futian District (FTD) increases, but its proportion has a decreasing trend, and the proportion of the highest risk area within Longgang District (LGD) has an increasing trend. The risk zoning map can better reflect the risk distribution of the basin and provide a scientific basis for early warning of flood prevention and drainage in the Shenzhen River basin.
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Hudanti, Farida, Takeyuki Okubo, and Petrus Natalivan Indradjati. "Spatial Analysis for Fire Risk Reduction in Kampung Ampel Cultural Heritage Area, Surabaya." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 7, no. 1 (2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.7.1.1-16.
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The objective of the research is to improve fire risk reduction in Kampung Ampel Surabaya through: [1] identifying the current firefighting system in Surabaya; [2] identifying the characteristics and conditions of Kampung Ampel; [3] identifying structure of the problem; [4] proposing strategies for fire risk reduction in Kampung Ampel. The analysis will focus on determining risks and resources of Kampung Ampel to fire hazard using Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis. Risk and resources are combined to find out the areas that have the highest risk of fire hazard. The results of the analyses consist of challenges and possible solutions. The challenges can be concluded as follow: [1] resources for firefighting cannot cover the entire area of Kampung Ampel; and [2] resources for evacuation cannot accommodate all the population and visitors. The proposed solutions for those challenges are: [1] reactivation of inactive fire wells; [2] utilization on source of water in Ampel Mosque; [3] proposing wider road to connect roads which are wider than 3.5 meters but are blocked by narrower roads; [4] the purchase of adapters to connect different types of fire hoses; [5] adding the number of fire hoses brought to the site; [6] remodeling the vulnerable buildings using inflammable materials with keeping the value of cultural landscape; [7] keeping portable fire pump in Ampel Mosque to facilitate the fire handling by residents; and [8] preparing evacuation route to the closest open space areas. The application of those solutions can reduce the high-risk area from 26.6% to 0.2%.
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Joomjee, Ratchanee, Momthicha Raksin, Yanitha Paengprakhon, Jaruporn Duangsri, and Niruwan Turnbull. "Risk assessment based on fault tree analysis and analytic hierarchy process in rural areas of Thailand." F1000Research 13 (March 11, 2024): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.139489.1.
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Introduction The importance of understanding the factors contributing to road accidents at schools cannot be overstated. This study aims to determine the risk of accidents in situations that could lead to accidents near schools. Methods A total of 10 kindergarten to junior high schools were selected for the study. The research used the Haddon Matrix to classify factors at risk of accidents, risk assessment through fault tree analysis, and the analytic hierarchy process (FTA-AHP) techniques. Fourteen sub-criteria were defined for risk identification, risk probability analysis, and risk assessment of the 10 roads. The likelihood of each event was analyzed using the AHP technique for all schools with an expert choice program. RI (random index) was calculated, and CR (consistency ratio) < 0.10 was considered satisfactory. Results The possibility of human accidents ranked highest in three areas: 1) Risk perception in SC 01, 03, and 02, with probabilities of 69.30%, 61.90%, and 57.4%, respectively. 2) The likelihood of accidents from vehicles/equipment, with the highest probabilities in a) Handling (SC01) at 64.70%, b) Braking (SC07) at 61.90%, and c) Lighting (SC03) at 57.80%. 3) The likelihood of accidents from the environment, with the highest probabilities in 1) driving at excessive speeds in areas SC01, 06, 03, and 09, which were 43.60%, 40.90%, and 40.00%, respectively. Conclusions The impacts of all three main factors were as follows: a) humans had the highest impact in the SC01 area (77.90%), b) vehicles/equipment had the highest impact in the SC01 area (75.90%), and c) the highest environmental impact in the SC01 area was 69.90%. The accident risk assessment revealed the highest risk score in three areas: 1) human risk perception, 2) environment with driving at excessive speeds, and 3) vehicle/equipment, including lighting, braking, and handling.
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Rizkalla, Christine, Laurie J. Bauman, and Jeffrey R. Avner. "Structural Impediments to Condom Access in a High HIV/STI-Risk Area." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/630762.
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As embarrassment is a known obstacle to condom acquisition, selling condoms from physically inaccessible places that require personnel assistance constitutes a barrier to access. This study investigates the extent of this barrier in the Bronx, a high HIV/STI prevalence county of New York. 75 of 320 listed Bronx pharmacies were sampled via computer randomization. Investigators coded condom placement and physical accessibility within these pharmacies and 140 surrounding stores. 91% of sites sold condoms. In 82%, condoms could not be accessed without assistance. Condoms were physically inaccessible in venues most encountered in the community: grocery stores versus pharmacies (OR=15; 95% CI, 5–48), independent versus chain pharmacies (OR=32; 95% CI, 6–235). They were physically inaccessible more in the lowest SES/highest HIV prevalence areas versus the highest SES/lowest HIV prevalence areas (OR = 4.3, 95% CI, 1.1–17). Findings can inform efforts to increase accessibility of condoms, distribute condoms in alternative settings, and prompt similar investigations in other high-risk communities.
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Li, Dongtan. "Evaluating Various Machine Learning Techniques in Credit Risk Area." BCP Business & Management 38 (March 2, 2023): 2836–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v38i.4198.
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Implementing machine learning techniques to credit scoring is a popular method, which is widely used by many financial institutions and banks at present. As the fast development of machine learning tools, these technologies could provide people more accurate predictions and help enterprises avoid future risk. A supervised machine learning technique is utilized in this research as the classification approach. In this experiment, several machine learning algorithms will be compared in order to present the performance by evaluating the type of credit risk. The data is about assessing customers of a German banking systems from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, which contains 5000 instances and 21 attributes. The final result of this research shows the comparison of 12 scenarios among different combinations of balancing methods, feature selection methods, and predictive algorithms, which finally presents that the collection of Adaptive Synthetic, Boruta and k-Nearest Neighbor receives the highest accuracy score.
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Aziz, Nazrina. "COVID-19 Disease Mapping in Malaysia Using Poisson-gamma Model to Safeguard Community." ASM Science Journal 19 (December 19, 2024): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1526.
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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an extremely transmissible disease that causes tremendous human suffering worldwide, with millions of people dying within two years. In Malaysia, the COVID-19 pandemic continues with an increasing number of positive cases. In order to monitor and prevent the disease, disease mapping is proposed for quantifying and describing the disease risk. The primary objective of this research is to estimate the COVID-19 relative risk using one of the most widely employed Bayesian approaches, namely the Poisson-gamma model, and eventually display a disease map to show the COVID-19 risk level in each state. The relative risk results are divided into five different levels to classify the COVID-19 risk level in each Malaysian state. The illustration of five different shades in the disease mapping has distinguished the risk levels within each state, where the most light-coloured area indicates very low risk whilst the most dark-coloured area indicates very high risk. According to the results, the area with the lowest risk of contracting COVID-19 in 2020 is Perlis, and the area with the highest risk is Labuan, whereas in 2021, Perlis remains the lowest risk area while Selangor is the highest risk area.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Area at highest risk"
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Liang, Jonathan Zhongyuan. "Seismic risk analysis of Perth metropolitan area." University of Western Australia. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0142.
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[Truncated abstract] Perth is the capital city of Western Australia (WA) and the home of more than three quarters of the population in the state. It is located in the southwest WA (SWWA), a low to moderate seismic region but the seismically most active region in Australia. The 1968 ML6.9 Meckering earthquake, which was about 130 km from the Perth Metropolitan Area (PMA), caused only minor to moderate damage in PMA. With the rapid increase in population in PMA, compared to 1968, many new structures including some high-rise buildings have been constructed in PMA. Moreover, increased seismic activities and a few strong ground motions have been recorded in the SWWA. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate the seismic risk of PMA under the current conditions. This thesis presents results from a comprehensive study of seismic risk of PMA. This includes development of ground motion attenuation relations, ground motion time history simulation, site characterization and response analysis, and structural response analysis. As only a very limited number of earthquake strong ground motion records are available in SWWA, it is difficult to derive a reliable and unbiased strong ground motion attenuation model based on these data. To overcome this, in this study a combined approach is used to simulate ground motions. First, the stochastic approach is used to simulate ground motion time histories at various epicentral distances from small earthquake events. Then, the Green's function method, with the stochastically simulated time histories as input, is used to generate large event ground motion time histories. Comparing the Fourier spectra of the simulated motions with the recorded motions of a ML6.2 event in Cadoux in June 1979 and a ML5.5 event in Meckering in January 1990, provides good evidence in support of this method. This approach is then used to simulate a series of ground motion time histories from earthquakes of varying magnitudes and distances. ... The responses of three typical Perth structures, namely a masonry house, a middle-rise reinforced concrete frame structure, and a high-rise building of reinforced concrete frame with core wall on various soil sites subjected to the predicted earthquake ground motions of different return periods are calculated. Numerical results indicate that the one-storey unreinforced masonry wall (UMW) building is unlikely to be damaged when subjected to the 475-year return period earthquake ground motion. However, it will suffer slight damage during the 2475-return period earthquake ground motion at some sites. The six-storey RC frame with masonry infill wall is also safe under the 475-year return period ground motion. However, the infill masonry wall will suffer severe damage under the 2475-year return period earthquake ground motion at some sites. The 34-storey RC frame with core wall will not experience any damage to the 475-year return period ground motion. The building will, however, suffer light to moderate damage during the 2475-year return period ground motion, but it might not be life threatening.
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Gbadago, Evelyn Dela. "Training Risk Measure Models to Ascertain Which Continent’ Equity Has the Highest Risk ForInvestment Based On Randomly Selected Individual Continents’ Equities Listed On The New YorkStock Exchange." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-53087.
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Western countries, institutions, and people from all walks of land, including Africans, have carried the notion that it is riskier to invest in African countries compared to countries in other continents. This study verified if that notion is empirically established or it is just a mere notion born out of people's imagination and unfounded belief. The study did select one special metal mining company listed on the New York stock exchange from every continent using a systematic random sampling of period five. All these stocks' data were daily data spanning the period 2003-06 - 2020:06 obtained from Yahoo Finance. The said duration was used for the analysis because one of the companies selected for the study only had stock data starting from 2003-06-25. Because of Generalized Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroscedastic (GARCH) ability to model the conditional randomly varying volatility, the study trained several of them for a different order of the GARCH terms σ2, and the order of the ARCH terms ε2 and for different distributions. Based on the AIC and BIC, the GARCH model that best fitted the data was GARCH (1,1), thus order one of the GARCH terms σ2 and order one of the ARCH terms ε2 based on student-t innovation. The study proceeded to estimate the risk measure using three of the approaches (risk metrics, Block Maxima Method under extreme value situation, and Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) for the tail ends of the distribution). None of the approaches or methods used in calculating VaR or conditional VaR (ES) of the stocks supported the conventional beliefs and age long-held purported gospel that African counties are the riskiest to invest on earth. In the risk metrics approach, the African stock was second riskiest to European stock. At the same time, in extreme value situations, it was third to European and South American; with GPD, it was third once again to South American and European stock. The study proceeded to verify if this founding were statistically significant. Applying analysis of variance (ANOVA), found that none of the differences established above is statistically significant. Meaning, statistically, the value and conditional value of one's investment that will be at risk is not different based on the investment's continental location. Thus, it is not statistically riskier to invest in one continent than the other.
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Li, John Zhang. "A planned approach to high collision risk area." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129029.
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Thesis: S.M., Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), September, 2020<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-107).<br>This thesis examines the transition of a vessel from the open ocean, where collisions are rare, to a high risk and heavy traffic area such as a Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS). Previous autonomy approaches generally view path planning and collision avoidance as two separate functions, i.e. a vessel will follow the planned path until conditions are met for collision avoidance algorithms to take over. Here an intermediate phase is proposed with the goal of adjusting the time of arrival to a high vessel density area so that the risk of collision is reduced. A general algorithm that calculates maximum future traffic density for all choices in the speed domain is proposed and implemented as a MOOS-IvP behavior. This behavior gives the vessel awareness of future collision risks and aids the collision avoidance process. This new approach improves the safety of the vessel by reducing the number of risky encounters that will likely require the vessel to maneuver for safety.<br>by John Zhang Li.<br>S.M.<br>S.M. Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)
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Bunn, Matthew. "Guardians at the Gates of Hell : estimating the risk of nuclear theft and terrorism -- and identifying the highest-priority risks of nuclear theft." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39006.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology, Management, and Policy Program, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 419-466).<br>Methods are presented to assess the global risk of nuclear theft and nuclear terrorism, to identify the nuclear facilities and transport legs that pose the highest-priority risks of nuclear theft, and to evaluate policy approaches to strengthening security and accounting for nuclear stockpiles worldwide. First, a qualitative assessment outlines the demand for black-market nuclear weapons and materials; the plausibility of terrorist construction of an improvised nuclear device; the global stocks and flows of nuclear weapons, plutonium, and highly enriched uranium (HEU), with the global distribution of facilities where they exist; and the widely varying standards of physical protection, control, and accounting in place to prevent theft. Particular dangers of nuclear theft in Russia, Pakistan, and from HEU-fueled research reactors are highlighted. Second, a mathematical model of the global risk of nuclear terrorism is presented, with detailed assessments of what is known about the values of each of the parameters, and of policies that could change each of the parameters to reduce risk.<br>(cont.) Third, a methodology for identifying the nuclear facilities and transport legs posing the highest risks of nuclear terrorism is presented, combining the security levels for each facility or transport leg, the levels of threat they face, and the quantity and quality of nuclear weapons or weapons-usable material they contain. Fourth, the global nuclear security system is described and assessed as a complex, large-scale, integrated, open system (CLIOS). Based on past experiences with different policy tools from negotiated international standards to on-the-ground technical cooperation to install improved security equipment, options to improve system performance in reducing the risk of nuclear terrorism are assessed. A final chapter offers conclusions and recommendations.<br>by Matthew Bunn.<br>Ph.D.
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Ferreira, Ana Maria Nogueira. "Gastrointestinal parasite risk in dog parks in the Lisbon area." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9088.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>Dog parks may pose a risk for the transmission of parasitic zoonotic agents via the faeces and soil contact. This is the first study to investigate gastrointestinal infections in park-attending dogs in Lisbon.
The research was carried out under the frame of a field study including both parasitological and a survey approach. 369 faecal and 18 soil samples were collected from three dog parks in the Lisbon area and analysed for parasite eggs. 102 questionnaires were filled.
The overall prevalence for positive faecal samples was 33%. Ancylostomatidae represent 17%, Cryptosporidium spp. 12%, Giardia spp. 11%, Toxascaris leonina and Cystoisospora spp. 1% each, Toxocara spp. 0.5% and Sarcocystis spp. 0.3%.
From soil samples, 28% were contaminated with only Ancylostomatidae eggs.
In the last 12 months 94% of the dogs were observed by a veterinarian. 90% were dewormed in the previous six months, from which 28% at least four times a year. Additionally, 26% of the dogs share the house with at least one dog, 50% visit the park daily, and 75% were always allowed to be off-leash. Also, 1% was fed with raw meat. Despite 94% of the owner’s claimed faecal collection of their pets, it was common to see 10-20 faecal samples on the environment of every dog space on sampling days. Regarding the pet-owner relationship, 76% of the dogs were allowed to lick their owners’ faces, 82% to be in their bedroom and 43% to sleep in their bed.
Approximately one third of faecal samples of dogs in canine parks was infected with gastrointestinal parasites, some with potential zoonotic risk. Less than a quarter of the dogs were dewormed following the recommended schedule (at least 4 times a year). The majority of the owners have close physical contact with their dogs, increasing the transmission risk of zoonoses. Public awareness about potential risks and preventive procedures is therefore advised.<br>RESUMO - Risco parasitário gastrointestinal em parques caninos na área de Lisboa - Os parques caninos podem representar um risco para a transmissão de agentes parasitários zoonóticos através do contato com fezes e solo. Este é o primeiro estudo a investigar infeções gastrointestinais em cães que frequentam parques caninos em Lisboa.
O estudo foi realizado sob a estrutura de um estudo de campo, incluindo tanto uma abordagem parasitológica como um questionário. 369 amostras fecais e 18 amostras de solo foram recolhidos de três parques caninos na área da Grande Lisboa e analisadas para ovos de parasitas. 102 inquéritos foram preenchidos.
A prevalência global de amostras fecais positivas foi de 33%. A presença de Ancylostomatidae representa 17%, Cryptosporidium spp. 12%, Giardia spp. 11%, Toxascaris leonina e Cystoisospora spp. 1% cada, Toxocara spp. 0.5% e Sarcocystis spp. 0.3%.
Das amostras de solo, 28% estavam contaminadas apenas com ovos de Ancylostomatidae.
Nos últimos 12 meses 94% dos cães foram observados por um veterinário. 90% foram desparasitados nos seis meses anteriores, dos quais 28% pelo menos quatro vezes por ano. Além disso, 26% dos cães partilha a casa com, pelo menos um cão, 50% visita o parque diariamente, e 75% foi sempre autorizado a estar solto. Além disso, 1% era alimentado com comida crua. Apesar de 94% dos proprietários alegar a colheita das fezes dos seus animais de estimação, era comum ver 10-20 amostras fecais em cada espaço canino nos dias de amostragem. Tendo em conta o relacionamento do animal de estimação com o dono, 76% dos cães eram autorizados a lamber as caras dos donos, 82% a estar no seu quarto e 43% a dormir na sua cama.
Aproximadamente um terço das amostras fecais de cães de parques caninos estava infectado com parasitas gastrointestinais, alguns com potencial risco zoonótico. Menos de um quarto dos cães eram desparasitados seguindo o esquema recomendado (pelo menos 4 vezes por ano). A maioria dos proprietários tem contato físico com os seus cães, aumentando o risco de transmissão de zoonoses. A sensibilização do público sobre os riscos potenciais e os procedimentos de prevenção é, portanto, aconselhável.
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Abdullah, Hanifa. "A risk analysis and risk management methodology for mitigating wireless local area networks (WLANs) intrusion security risks." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10122006-155850.
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Saldivar-Sali, Artessa Niccola D. 1980. "A landslide risk rating system for the Baguio City, Philippines area." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29418.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-156).<br>This research formulates a LANDSLIDE RISK RATING SYSTEM for the Greater Baguio area in the Philippines. It is hoped that the tool will be made a part of the physical/urban planning process when used by engineers and planners and used to address risks posed by landslides given the rapidly increasing concentration of population and the development of infrastructure and industry in the Baguio area. Reports and studies of individual landslides in the area are reviewed in order to discover the causal factors of mass movements and their interactions. The findings of these research works are discussed in the first portion of this paper. A description of the LANDSLIDE RISK RATING SYSTEM, remedial measures, and recommendations form the rest of the paper. This SYSTEM integrates different hazard (bedrock geology, slope gradients, vegetation) and risk (population, land use) factors. The selection of hazard factors takes into account the results of the analysis of causal factors of mass movements in the area. This analysis is based on the specific attributes of the subject study area, namely: a relatively extreme topographic relief, variable bedrock geology, and no significant differences in rainfall from one zone to another. The study assumes that the entire Greater Baguio area is subject to a uniform amount of rainfall during any given precipitation event. Although this study is area-specific it can have wider application.<br>(cont.) Finally, the paper recommends that in future research work on this subject matter, soil and rock samples from various slopes be subjected to geomechanical testing to facilitate a mathematical analysis of slope failures. This can be the basis for a comprehensive database which can be used to create a Landslide Hazard Map where each slope in the Greater Baguio area can be rated. In addition, it would be beneficial to conduct an analysis of how Hazard Ratings may be reduced when particular remedial measures are in place. A site-specific preventive and remedial slope safety system for every slope in the Greater Baguio area would be the ultimate goal of future work.<br>by Artessa Niccola D. Saldivar-Sali.<br>M.Eng.
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Cunliffe, Jack. "Offending risk factors and area : an investigation using structural equation modelling." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3257/.
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This thesis has two main aims. The first is substantive: to investigate whether and how an individual’s perceptions of their area act as risk factors for offending. The second is methodological: to demonstrate that theoretically-informed structural equation modelling can make best use of existing and often under-utilised datasets, particularly cross-national studies such as those typically conducted by large-scale organisations or governments. Using the United Kingdom Offending, Crime and Justice Survey (OCJS) conducted between 2003 and 2006, and taking a range of questions on individual perceptions, family circumstance, self-reported offending and variables relating to the area in which the respondent lives, the work reviews previous criminological measurement constructs of well-known risk factors (from both an analytical and theoretical perspective) and once these are defined moves on to examine self-report offending using structural equation modelling. Findings are predominantly consistent with previous work and show that individual criminogenic propensities matter most, but also that a complex interrelationship of area perceptions operate in conflicting directions. Once this is accounted for, living in an area with higher disorder seems to increase self-report offending, with part of the relationship explained by perceptions of lower collective efficacy. However, this relationship seems to operate only at one time point and when looking longitudinally it appears that it is the family situation that takes precedence. This leads in turn to mixed policy implications. In the short-term, it appears that interventions to address perception of area would be most successful to combat offending behaviour but over the longer term addressing the family situation would be more appropriate. Implications for data collection processes and analytical approaches to existing data are centred on the simple analytical framework that pays equal attention to the set of questions: 1) What can be measured? 2) Can these measures be structured? 3) What are the results?
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Yung, Chung-hing, and 翁宗興. "A study of the portfolio risk within the Pacific Basin." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31265145.
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Rousseau, Marie-Claude. "Risk factors for incident cervical human papillomavirus infection in women in a high-risk area for cervical cancer." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/MQ44263.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Area at highest risk"
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Psaroudakis, Georgios, ed. Risk Sharing in the Euro Area. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19600-3.
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Arnaboldi, Francesca. Risk and Regulation in Euro Area Banks. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23429-4.
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Üniversitesi, Boğaziçi, and Kandilli Rasathanesi, eds. Earthquake risk assessment for the İstanbul Metropolitan area. Boğaziçi University Press, 2003.
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Cramer, Jennifer. Sounding the alarm: Remote area nurses and Aboriginals at risk. University of Western Australia Press, 2005.
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New Zealand. Ministry of Women's Affairs., ed. Think women's health: A checklist for area health board members. Ministry of Women's Affairs, 1989.
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Yazoumé, Yé, ed. Environmental factors and malaria transmission risk: Modeling the risk in a holoendemic area of Burkina Faso. Ashgate, 2009.
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California. Bureau of State Audits. High risk: The California State Auditor has designated the state budget as a high-risk area. California State Auditor, Bureau of State Audits, 2009.
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United States. General Accounting Office, ed. Reducing wildfire threats: Funds should be targeted to the highest risk areas : statement of Barry T. Hill, Associate Director, Energy, Resources, and Science Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the Task Force on Resources and the Environment, Committee on the Budget, House of Representatives. The Office, 2000.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Great Lakes National Program Office and Environmental Research Laboratory (Athens, Ga.), eds. Baseline human health risk assessment: Saginaw River, Michigan, area of concern. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes National Program Office, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Area at highest risk"
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Chilma-Arias, Andres, Sebastian Giraldo-Vaca, and Juan A. Sánchez. "A Light Pollution Assessment in the Fringing Reefs of San Andrés Island: Towards Reducing Stressful Conditions at Impacted Coral Reefs." In Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6663-5_5.
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AbstractThe degradation of the night sky’s quality due to artificial light sources negatively affects marine environments, because many organisms use natural light as cues for reproductive and dispersal behaviors, find favorable habitats, and for the biochemistry of their symbiotic microorganisms. Despite the tremendous effect on marine life, measuring the effects of artificial light pollution is difficult because our understanding of natural light brightness coming from celestial bodies like the Moon is minimal. Here, we fill this gap by quantifying the sky’s brightness and Artificial Light Pollution at Night (ALAN). This study assessed light pollution along the reefs around San Andrés Island, which Hurricane Iota significantly impacted. We modified and installed Sky Quality Meters (LU-DL) at both leeward and fringing reefs, down to 11 m depth. The results indicate the highest ALAN values in the area of Johnny Cay (18 msas) compared to Acuario (20 msas) and West View (21 msas). Additionally, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA and Unihedron databases show an increase in artificial light on land, where constant artificial light and coastal vegetation loss due to Hurricane Iota (between 15 and 19th November 2020), are the main factors that may be generating this increase in artificial light.
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Poggi, Francesco, Roberto Montalti, Emanuele Intrieri, Alessandro Ferretti, Filippo Catani, and Federico Raspini. "Spatial and Temporal Characterization of Landslide Deformation Pattern with Sentinel-1." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 2 Issue 1, 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39012-8_15.
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AbstractThe results of multi-interferometric processing applied to radar images acquired by the European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel-1 constellation, obtained in the framework of the IPL (International Programme on Landslides) project n.221, are presented in this manuscript. The target area is the Hunza-Nagar River valley, a remote area in northern Pakistan. The Humarri slide, a massive landslide located along the left side of the valley, is the most active phenomenon in the area, and poses a very high risk to the Humarri village built in the lowest part of the landslide, and a threat of damming the Hispar River. The highest deformation rates (with peaks higher than 300 mm/yr) were recorded in the middle and low part of the landslide. Where the Humarri village is located, the velocity values are lower and range between −30 and −80 mm/yr. The analysis of displacement time series, spanning from February 2017 to January 2020, reveal different deformation behaviors and different onset of accelerating behaviors within the landslide body. The global coverage, the wide-area mapping capabilities, and the regular acquisitions planning ensured by the Sentinel-1 constellation, coupled with InSAR ability to deliver very precise and spatially dense information, make it possible to scan wide areas and spot unstable zones, especially where remoteness, vast areal extension, and climatic conditions make it difficult to undertake field activities.
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Dong, Hai tao, Qing Sun, Lu lu Shan, Xi Meng, Ru-nan Li, and Yi-he Fang. "Risk Analysis of Blueberry Gale Disaster in Liaodong Green Economic Zone Based on Machine Learning." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8401-1_7.
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AbstractBased on the long time series gale data of 9 national meteorological stations in Liaoning province and the data of blueberry growth period, the optimal machine learning model is chosen to extend the time series of maximum wind speed, using the maximum wind speed and disaster information data of the corresponding stations, considering the frequency and duration comprehensively, the meteorological index thresholds of different grades of high wind disaster risk during the ripening period of blueberry were determined, the risk grades of mild, moderate and severe gale disasters were established, and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of blueberry gale disaster risk were analyzed by the frequency of disasters and the ratio of stations. The results showed that the stochastic forest model had a high simulation precision and could extend the maximum wind speed time series, and the maximum wind disaster risk threshold was ≥ 13.9 ms−1 in the mature period of blueberry, the results were verified to be in accordance with the actual situation. During the whole mature period of blueberry in 30 years, the impact of Gale Disaster Risk tended to be mitigated, and the frequency of occurrence showed a non-significant decreasing trend, the Xiuyan area showed the most significant decrease, while the Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County area showed a significant increase trend. The probability of occurrence of gale hazard over the whole mature period of 30 years is 83.3%, and the probability of occurrence of gale hazard over two years (≥ 50%), among which the Fushun region has the highest risk degree, the middle risk probability is 17.8%, the Qingyuan region has the highest risk degree, and the severe risk degree is 5.2%, mainly in Fushun and Benxi. In general, the northwest part of the Green Economic Zone is a high risk area for gale disasters, which are widespread, frequent and severe, mainly distributed in Fushun, Benxi, Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County and Xifeng County.
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Mani, Lara, Azaf Tzachor, and Paul Cole. "12. Global Catastrophic Risk From Low Magnitude Volcanic Eruptions." In An Anthology of Global Risk. Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0360.12.
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This chapter advocates for a more systematic approach to thinking about extreme global risk and argues that most research on volcanic risk focuses on the catastrophic potential of eruptions, rather than the issues of our exposure and vulnerability to them. The authors explore seven geographical locations, or “pinch points”, where there is believed to be the highest levels of criticality for the infrastructure systems they contain, such as areas around Taiwan and the Mediterranean Sea. By considering these critical systems simultaneously with potential volcanic activity, this chapter reveals the risks of lower magnitude volcanic eruptions, allowing for new approaches to global risk management―a narrative which, this chapter argues, has been previously neglected by the volcanic risk community.
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Parente, Joana, Marj Tonini, Malik Amraoui, and Mário Pareira. "Socioeconomic Impacts and Regional Drivers of Fire Management: The Case of Portugal." In Fire Hazards: Socio-economic and Regional Issues. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50446-4_14.
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AbstractWildfires are uncontrolled and unwanted fires that usually occur in forested/rural areas and burn forests, agricultural areas, and wildlands. Land abandonment, with the consequent growth of the rural–urban interface, increases the exposure and vulnerability of fire-prone regions around the World. In the last two decades, Europe experienced a high number of wildfires causing large burnt areas mainly concentrated in the Mediterranean Basin. This high fire incidence seems to be the result of human activities including land use/land cover changes, but also of climate variability and change. In the present study, we analyse the current situation in Portugal, which is the European country with the highest total number of wildfires and the second-highest total burnt area. The spatial and temporal variability of the wildfires within the country is very heterogeneous, due to the human and biophysical drivers. In this regard, four main aspects are considered and discussed: (1) the spatial and temporal distribution of wildfires in mainland Portugal; (2) the main human and biophysical fire drivers; (3) socioeconomic impacts; and (4) the main strategies for fire risk mapping and management. The main results indicate high spatial heterogeneity of the fire incidence, with higher fire activity in the northern region than the southern region, mainly promoted by a higher irregular topography and significantly different types of climate and land use/land cover characteristics. We highlight how fire incidence is strongly dependent on many biophysical and human factors/drivers and the direct and indirect socioeconomic impacts of wildfires. Methodologies and indexes developed by Portuguese authorities to map fire risk and assess fire danger are described. The elements discussed in this chapter result from research and lessons learned in recent years on the fire regime in Portugal and Europe. These findings can contribute to improving forest, landscape, and fire management, in Mediterranean European countries which share similar characteristics.
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Hernández-Cadena, Karla M., Ricardo J. Garnica-Peña, Jorge González-Sánchez, and Irasema Alcántara-Ayala. "Understanding Landslide Awareness: Exploring Students’ Disaster Risk Perception in Higher Education Institutions." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72736-8_2.
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AbstractUnderstanding how individuals perceive and respond to the impact of diverse hazards such as landslides is crucial in effective disaster risk management. This is particularly significant in areas like Teziutlán, Puebla, Mexico, where landslides have historically occurred. This study aimed to understand the perception of landslide risk among students in this area. The research methodology involved identifying a school near landslide-prone areas and conducting a risk perception survey. The survey assessed students’ perceptions of landslide risk, knowledge of hazards and exposure, previous experience with landslides, information and media, landslide preparedness, and communication. The data was collected through paper-and-pencil surveys. The study results can be used to improve disaster awareness and preparedness, reduce disaster risk and mitigate the impact of landslide disasters in the municipality of Teziutlán and similar mountain regions. This study is a valuable contribution to disaster risk perception and awareness literature, focusing specifically on higher education students in areas susceptible to landslides.
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Mäntysaari, Petri. "Digitalisation v. The Values of Higher Education: Opportunities, Threats, Recommendations for the EHEA." In European Higher Education Area 2030: Bridging Realities for Tomorrow’s Higher Education. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-75140-0_25.
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Abstract Whether the deployment of digital technology in higher education can be regarded as an opportunity or a risk is a question of values. The relevant values range from traditional academic values and the fundamental values of higher education in the EHEA to a democratic society and respect for human rights. Before COVID-19, it was customary to focus on potential benefits for learners. However, the earlier approach failed to pay enough attention to the wider educational and societal impacts of digital transformation. This changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies have discussed the impact of the digital transformation of higher education on staff, institutions, the higher education market and society as a whole. In this chapter, it is argued that the digital transformation of higher education can have an impact on academic freedom, student and staff participation in higher education governance, public responsibility for higher education, public responsibility of higher education, and democracy. The digital transformation of higher education makes it necessary to balance multiple values. Higher education policy in the EHEA should take into account both opportunities and risks.
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Bloemendaal, Nadia, and E. E. Koks. "Current and Future Tropical Cyclone Wind Risk in the Small Island Developing States." In Hurricane Risk in a Changing Climate. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08568-0_6.
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AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) are amongst the costliest and deadliest natural hazards and can cause widespread havoc in tropical coastal areas. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are particularly vulnerable to TCs, as they generally have limited financial resources to overcome past impacts and mitigate future risk. However, risk assessments for SIDS are scarce due to limited meteorological, exposure, and vulnerability data. In this study, we combine recent research advances in these three disciplines to estimate TC wind risk under past (1980–2017) and near-future (2015–2050) climate conditions. Our results show that TC risk strongly differs per region, with 91% of all risk constituted in the North Atlantic. The highest risk estimates are found for the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, with present-climate expected annual damages (EAD) of 1.51 billion and 1.25 billion USD, respectively. This study provides valuable insights in TC risk and its spatial distribution, and can serve as input for future studies on TC risk mitigation in the SIDS.
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Sun, Rui, Jinxia Xu, and Liang Zhang. "Rainstorm Waterlogging Simulation and Risk Assessment in Central Urban Area of Chengdu, China." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8401-1_9.
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AbstractUrban rainstorm waterlogging disasters affect the sustainable urban development seriously. The distribution of waterlogging disaster risk is not only affected by rainstorm, but also closely related to urban terrain, population distribution and urban built environment. In this paper, based on the soil conservation service (SCS) runoff generation model and GIS tools, we selected Chengdu as the research area and proposed a simplified urban rainstorm waterlogging disaster model which can simulate the 3h waterlogging scenarios under the 10, 50, and100 year return periods of rainstorm. The proposed model overcome the drawbacks of time-consuming calculation, high data demands and low applicability of the previous hydrodynamic model. The results show that: (1) Under the rainstorm return period of 10a, 50a and 100a, the maximum inundation elevation in the central urban area can reach 0.67m, 0.72m and 0.79m, respectively. The flooded area accounts for 4.3%, 12.6% and 18.4% of the central urban area, respectively. (2) The ROC value of MaxENT waterlogging probability prediction model developed in this paper is above 0.8, and the distance from road traffic is the most contribution factor. (3) The risk level of rainstorm and waterlogging in the south of the Chengdu is significantly higher than that in the north, and gradually decreases from the urban center to the surrounding suburbs. This risk distribution is closely related to the precipitation climate distribution and the terrain.
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Fildes, Brian N., Brendan Lawrence, Luke Thompson, and Jennie Oxley. "Speed-Limits in Local Streets: Lessons from a 30 km/h Trial in Victoria, Australia." In The Vision Zero Handbook. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_34.
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AbstractFatal and Severe Injuries (FSI) to vulnerable road users is a major road safety problem internationally. Recent resolutions by the Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety called for a blanket 30 km/h speed limit in urban areas to address this problem. A project undertaken in Melbourne, Australia, set out to evaluate the effectiveness and benefits of a lower speed limit in a local residential area in the City of Yarra. The intervention comprised replacing 40 km/h speed limit signs in the treated area with 30 km/h signs with an adjacent untreated control area. A before and after study was employed with speed, resident surveys, and estimated safety benefits as measures of its success. Modest reductions in mean speed were observed in the after-phase of the study while benefits were impressive for vehicles travelling at higher speed levels where the risk of severe injury or death is greater. These findings represent an estimated 4% reduction in the risk of severe injury for pedestrians in the event of a collision. Questionnaire responses showed an increased degree of support for the 30 km/h speed limit in local streets in the trial area. The implication of these findings for road safety is discussed, along with the challenges and potential hurdles. Lower speed limits in local streets and municipalities is one important measure to help address vulnerable road users in residential local streets.
Conference papers on the topic "Area at highest risk"
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Guan, Hua, and Jean-Claude Vernus. "Risk Evaluation and Control of Corrosion and Bacteria in a Mature Field." In CORROSION 2014. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-4303.
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Abstract Intensive corrosion and bacteria problems were encountered by a mature onshore field with over 30 years production history, which has resulted in frequent work overs for tubing / casing repair and replacement. This has necessitated the investigation into root causes, the review of the existing risk evaluation and chemical treatment activities, in view to protect future production and the integrity of new drilled wells. Based on the analysis of field historical production, work over, sampling, chemical treatment and monitoring data, the predominant corrosion mechanism and a suitable corrosion risk model is validated and qualified for this field. The model has proved to be successful in identifying the corrosive wells with good agreement with the historical data. Not only the probability of corrosion but also the consequence of failure are considered and captured in the new risk model; using this newly developed work flow, a full field mapping of the corrosion risks is carried out which allows the field to planning chemical budget ahead and to make sure the wells at highest risks are well protected. Improvements in chemical injection are discussed in this paper.
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Longpre, Robert L., and Colin T. McGovern. "Quality Management Process for the Design of Monitoring and Inspection Strategies." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98076.
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Abstract The quality management (QM) process, as it relates to pipelines, is a risk based, systematic process that identifies the activities required to maintain pipeline integrity. Through the application of the QM process, limited funds and resources can be deployed in the areas of highest risk to reduce the likelihood of catastrophic failures. The process can easily be applied to any pipeline system from the very simple to the very complex. The process clearly identifies the pipeline function, operating envelopes, deterioration mechanisms, failure modes and effects, associated risks, and maintenance requirements. Pipeline maintenance activities identified within the process are easily justified as they are the result of a structured risk based analysis. This paper includes a simplified review of the quality management process (QM) and a case history showing how applying this process helped a production company focus inspection activities and successfully revealed severe internal corrosion.
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Gizatullina, Daniya, Mikhail Nikolaev, Emilia Valeeva, Raushania Gaifullina, and Elvira Zaikina. "PRIORITY AIR POLLUTANTS AS GLOBAL RISK FACTORS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KAZAN)." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s20.28.
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The results of our study revealed regional peculiarities, which showed an excess of the share of PM10 compared to PM2.5 in the rank distribution and high concentration of soot in the level of impact on public health. It was found that the distribution in terms of contribution to the total risk value (HQ) of the main pollutants is highest in all three zones: carbon (soot), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), suspended solids (PM), where the main share is suspended particles up to 10 microns (PM10). Among the studied zones, zone 1 is the most polluted zone in terms of the impact of atmospheric air chemicals on human health. The share contribution of chemical substances showed that the first rank of influence on the occurrence of negative effects on adolescent health is carbon (soot), which accounted for 35.9% in zone 1, in zones 2 and 3 - respectively 26% and 36.9%. nitrogen dioxide accounted for 17.9%-19.4%, the distribution of suspended particles PM10 by area ranged from 13.9%-21.8%. Comparison of the total hazard quotients of the studied population groups revealed an excess of this indicator both in adolescents and adults. They are characterised as high (HQ >3): 4.12-5.48 for adolescents, 3.0-3.91 for adults. The main critical organs exposed to the impact of pollutants in the territory of Kazan turned out to be respiratory organs, systemic impact, on teeth, impact on mortality and blood system.
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Ivanov, Alexander, and Maria Ivanova. "ONLINE SERVICES FOR URBAN ENVIRONMENT MONITORING." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/2.1/s08.18.
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Urban meteorological parameters and traffic emissions are characterized by microterritorial variability. Online weather and traffic information is the basis for creating online services to provide users with information about the toxicological risk, noise effects and thermal stress risk. The purpose of this work is to assess the possibilities of online environmental modeling. The methodology includes special field studies to select model parameters, developing models for online calculations of noise levels, concentrations of pollutants from traffic flows and microterritorial changes in temperature and wind speed, as well as tools for providing processing and storage of information. As a result, it was found that the concentration of nitrogen and carbon oxides in the roadside zone reaches maximum permissible values, which corresponds to the modeling results. The noise level exceeds 70 dBA and also corresponds to the simulation results. The effective temperature mitigation inside closed-canopy green areas compared to open space is several Celsius degrees and provides protection from thermal stress in accordance with the proposed model. The result of the work is the development of a test version of three services, including calculation of the concentration of pollutants during traffic congestion; calculation of the noise level produced by intensive traffic flow and calculation of the effective temperature during thermal stress for the hottest summertime. It is during thickening of traffic flows that the highest concentrations of pollutants are observed and at this time the risks of toxicological and noise effects are significant. The research conditions correspond in time and space to the highest level of local environmental risk. To perform online calculations, in addition to the parameters obtained during field studies, real-time information about the weather and traffic flow speed is required. The online services can be used both for users to make immediate decisions and for city policies to reduce emissions risks and to create urban green islands of thermal safety with a closed canopy that protects during extreme heat
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Javaherdashti, Reza. "Corrosion Assessment for Buried, Coated Metallic Pipelines with Cathodic Protection: Proposing an Algorithm." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03154.
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Abstract To assess corrosion in buried metallic pipelines that are coated and under cathodic protection, an algorithm is proposed. This algorithm that is called “Corrosion Assessment Algorithm” or briefly CAA, can be regarded as a modification of Frank & Morgan risk analysis. By using CAA, one can both calculate the most capital-requiring part of a system and distinguish the technically riskiest subsystems based on their risk factors. CAA can be used to give the highest expecting reliability due to improvement in conditions of a corroding system.
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Wang, Xiu Hua, Hua Wang, Cui Cui He, Huan De Feng, and Ting Zhong Wang. "Distribution of Pb and Cd in Soil and Rice Systems of Se-Rich Area of Hainan Island." In 12th Annual International Conference on Material Science and Engineering. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-cxp1qn.
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Clarifying the distribution of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the soil of Hainan's Se-rich areas will not only provide a basis for the healthy and sustainable development of Hainan's Se-rich industry, but also provide ideas for Hainan's agricultural and food safety research. Using a method that combines field investigation and indoor analysis, with the help of geostatistics and spatial analysis technology, the concentration of Pb and Cd in the soil and rice in the area were studied. The Cd in the cultivated soil layer of the arableland in the area is lower than the first-level standard of our country's soil environmental quality standards, and the soil Pb content is slightly higher than the first-level standard. The overall ecological risk is low. Pb and Cd in polished rice are 0.14 and 0.11 mg/kg respectively. The concentrations distribution of lead and cadmium in rice is: straw > polished rice. Heavy metals are more likely to accumulate in non-edible parts such as straw.
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Alvarez Sanchez, Ana, Alex Geovanny Farinango Tupiza, Alexis Suarez Del Villar Labastida, and Eric Martínez. "Ergonomic risk reduction in the balance unloading area in a poultry microenterprise." In 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002789.
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An ergonomic study was carried out to evaluate the manual handling of loads and identify possible musculoskeletal conditions to establish preventive measures to reduce the risk in the worker in the balancing unloading area. To identify risk factors, information was collected through direct observation and photographs. To establish the ergonomic risk in the manual handling of loads, the OWAS (Ovako Working Analysis System) evaluation method was applied with respect to the postures to which it is exposed. By conducting the evaluation, sixteen postures were analyzed using the encodings of the back, arms, legs and load postures. Positions 9, 10 and 11 are the ones with the highest risk for the worker, obtaining a risk category 4, this means that it is necessary to adopt corrective actions as soon as possible. In addition, the Snook and Ciriello method was applied for the evaluation of load handling, for this method the ERGOSoft PRO software for Windows used in Ergonomics is used to facilitate the work of the prevention specialist with data collection from mobile technology. The results for the initial force gave a risk level between 1.5 - 2.0 with a value of 1.82 having a high risk due to being exposed to a significantly high force, for the sustained force the risk level is&gt; 2.0 with a value of 3.33 having a very high risk due to being exposed to high force and overexertion, it is recommended that you include in your budget the performance of complementary examinations every six months for the control and prevention of musculoskeletal injuries due to activities that they involve efforts in the postures of the back, arms and legs.
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Hoffman, Kevin D., James L. Hyde, Eric L. Christiansen, and Dana M. Lear. "Extravehicular Activity Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris Risk Assessment Methodology." In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-058.
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Abstract A well-known hazard associated with exposure to the space environment is the risk of vehicle failure due to an impact from a micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) particle. Among the vehicles of importance to NASA is the extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) “spacesuit” used while performing a US extravehicular activity (EVA). An EMU impact is of great concern as a large leak could prevent an astronaut from safely reaching the airlock in time resulting in a loss of life. For this reason, a risk assessment is provided to the EVA office at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) prior to certification of readiness for each US EVA. This paper will detail the methodology for an ISS EVA risk assessment. The soft goods regions (multilayer fabric over a pressurized bladder) are the highest contributors of risk for an ISS EVA. The gloves, due to reduced fabric layers to allow for improved dexterity, carry the highest risk per area. ISS EVA risk can be reduced by minimizing the exposure of the front of the suit and gloves to the orbital debris flux.
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Dreyfuss, Michael, and Yahel Giat. "Identifying Security Risk Modules in Information Systems." In InSITE 2016: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Lithuania. Informing Science Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3436.
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We develop a two-stage model for identifying IT system modules with high security risks. In the first phase, we identify the subsystems that pose the highest risk and which require further investigation. In the next phase, we identify the high-security-risk modules using a more detailed approach. The output of this model helps managers decide on how to invest efficiently in improving the security of their IT system. We describe an application of this model to an IT system in an academic institution in Israel. In the first phase, three of ten subsystems are found to be very risky. In the next phase, we highlight the critical modules within those subsystems. The results of our application in the academic institution indicate that security breaches for the purpose of cheating are a greater threat than other types of security issues.
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Thushyanthan, S., and U. P. Nawagamuwa. "Identifying potential geo-hazards in Hingurakgoda area linked to damaged houses." In Civil Engineering Research Symposium 2024. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/cers.2024.36.
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Expansive soils pose significant challenges for construction projects worldwide due to their dynamic response to changes in moisture levels. This study focuses on identifying and categorizing expansive soils in the Hingurakgoda region, using data from the National Building Research Organization (NBRO) alongside advanced analytical techniques. By examining key soil parameters such as Atterberg limits, clay content, moisture content, and swell pressure, the research aims to understand the underlying causes of structural issues affecting buildings in the area. Spatial analysis tools like ArcGIS and Google Earth Pro were utilized to develop effective methods for recognizing expansive soils and understanding their geological relationship with marble layer cavities. The presence of minerals like smectite, montmorillonite , and illite in expansive soils significantly influences their swelling and shrinking behaviors. The study thoroughly investigates the geotechnical aspects of the soil, revealing complex underground conditions such as alluvial deposits and karstic formations, which exacerbate the challenges posed by expansive soils. The research emphasizes the importance of accurately identifying and categorizing these soils to predict soil movement and potential structural damage effectively. By combining insights from extensive data analysis and geotechnical studies, the study offers valuable recommendations for minimizing risks associated with expansive soils, thereby enhancing the security and durability of structures in the Hingurakgoda region. In this study, six different methods were utilized to assess the swelling potential of expansive soils: Seed et al. (1960, 1962a), Ladd et al. (1961), Ranganatham and Satyanarayana (1965), Carter and Bentley (1991), Chen (1988), and Vander Merwe (1964). Among these methods, the Vander Merwe (1964) method demonstrated the highest level of similarity in predicting soil swelling potential The method’s consistent performance across various test results suggests that it is the most appropriate approach for classifying expansive soils in the Hingurakgoda area. The accuracy and reliability of the Vander Merwe (1964) method make it a valuable tool for evaluating soil expansiveness and managing associated risks, providing a strong foundation for construction and mitigation strategies in regions prone to soil swelling. To further build on these findings, future research should prioritize increasing the number of soil sampling locations in Hingurakgoda. Expanding the sampling distribution would lead to more comprehensive data, allowing for more accurate spatial mapping and improved predictions of swelling potential. This approach would enable a more precise identification of high-risk areas, contributing to better-targeted risk mitigation strategies. By adopting an enhanced sampling strategy, future studies can significantly improve the reliability of soil classification and provide more effective guidelines for construction practices in regions affected by expansive soils. In conclusion, the study's findings underscore the critical role of accurate soil classification methods, particularly the Vander Merwe (1964) method, in mitigating the risks associated with expansive soils and ensuring the long-term stability of structures in the Hingurakgoda region
Reports on the topic "Area at highest risk"
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Lines, Lisa M., Marque C. Long, Jamie L. Humphrey, et al. Artificially Intelligent Social Risk Adjustment: Development and Pilot Testing in Ohio. RTI Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.rr.0047.2209.
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Prominent voices have called for a better way to measure, predict, and adjust for social factors in healthcare and population health. Local area characteristics are sometimes framed as a proxy for patient characteristics, but they are often independently associated with health outcomes. We have developed an “artificially intelligent” approach to risk adjustment for local social determinants of health (SDoH) using random forest models to understand life expectancy at the Census tract level. Our Local Social Inequity score draws on more than 150 neighborhood-level variables across 10 SDoH domains. As piloted in Ohio, the score explains 73 percent of the variation in life expectancy by Census tract, with a mean squared error of 4.47 years. Accurate multidimensional, cross-sector, small-area social risk scores could be useful in understanding the impact of healthcare innovations, payment models, and SDoH interventions in communities at higher risk for serious illnesses and diseases; identifying neighborhoods and areas at highest risk of poor outcomes for better targeting of interventions and resources; and accounting for factors outside of providers’ control for more fair and equitable performance/quality measurement and reimbursement.
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Sett, Dominic, Christina Widjaja, Patrick Sanady, et al. Hazards, Exposure and Vulnerability in Indonesia: A risk assessment across regions and provinces to inform the development of an Adaptive Social Protection Road Map. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/uvrd1447.
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Risk induced by natural hazards and climate change has been accelerating worldwide, leading to adverse impacts on communities' well-being. Dealing with this risk is increasingly complex and requires cross-sectoral action. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) has emerged as a promising approach to strengthen the resilience of communities by integrating Social Protection (SP), Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) efforts. To inform this integration and thereby support the development of a functional ASP approach, the identification and provision of relevant data and information are vital. In this context, risk assessments are crucial as they establish the groundwork for the design of effective ASP interventions. However, despite the importance of risk information for ASP and the abundance of sectoral assessments, there is not yet a comprehensive risk assessment approach, a reality that also applies to Indonesia. Although the country is one of the international pioneers of the concept and has enshrined ASP at the highest national level in its development plans, this emphasis in policy and practice has been hampered by the absence of more unified assessment methods. The Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) presented here takes a unique approach to develop such a cross-sectoral risk assessment and apply it throughout Indonesia. The HEVA brings together different risk understandings of key actors both internationally and domestically within SP, DRM and CCA, as well as identifying commonalities across sectors to establish a joint understanding. The HEVA not only considers risk as an overarching outcome but also focuses on its drivers, i.e. hazards, exposure and vulnerability, to identify why specific communities are at risk and thus customize ASP interventions. Subsequently, risks are assessed for Indonesia’s regions and provinces based on this cross-sectoral risk understanding. Secondary data has been acquired from various existing sectoral assessments conducted in Indonesia, and in total, data for 44 indicators has been compiled to calculate hazard, exposure and vulnerability levels for all 34 Indonesian provinces. Findings of the HEVA suggest that overall risk is high in Indonesia and no single province can be characterized as a low-risk area, demonstrating a strong relevance for ASP throughout the whole of the country. Papua, Maluku, and Central Sulawesi were identified as provinces with the highest overall risk in Indonesia. However, even Yogyakarta, which was identified as a comparatively low-risk province, still ranks among the ten most hazard-prone provinces in the country and has a demonstrated history of severe impact events. This also underlines that the composition of risk based on the interplay of hazard, exposure and vulnerability differs significantly among provinces. For example, in Papua and West Papua, vulnerability ranks as the highest in Indonesia, while hazard and exposure levels are comparatively low. In contrast, East Java and Central Java are among the highest hazard-prone provinces, while exposure and vulnerability are comparatively low. The results provide much more comprehensive insight than individual sectoral analyses can offer, facilitating the strategic development and implementation of targeted ASP interventions that address the respective key risk components. Based on lessons learned from the development and application of the HEVA approach, as well as from the retrieved results, the report provides recommendations relevant for policymakers, practitioners and researchers. First, recommendations regarding risk assessments for ASP are given, emphasizing the need to bring together sectoral understandings and to consider the interconnection of hazards, exposure and vulnerability, including their drivers and root causes, to assess current and future risk. It is also recommended to complement national level assessments with more specific local assessments. Secondly, recommendations regarding ASP option development in general are provided, including the importance of considering side effects of interventions, root causes of risks, the potential of nature-based solutions and barriers to implementation due to local capacities when designing ASP interventions. Third, recommendations regarding focal areas for ASP programmes are outlined for the case of Indonesia, such as prioritizing interventions in risk hotspots and areas characterized by high readiness for ASP solutions. At the same time, it is vital to leave no region behind as all provinces face risks that potentially jeopardize communities’ well-being.
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Maycock, Barry, Cath Mulholland, Emma French, and Joseph Shavila. Rapid Risk Assessment: What is the risk from microcystins in the edible flesh of fish caught from Lough Neagh? Food Standards Agency, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.slz868.
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During the Summer and Autumn of 2023, Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland was affected by a cyanobacterial bloom. Testing of water from within the bloom reported high concentrations of one type of cyanobacterial toxin, microcystins. Samples were taken from the Lough of eels, roach, perch, pollan and bream and tested for a range of cyanobacterial toxins, including microcystins, nodularins, anatoxin, cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxin. Each sample comprised 10 fish, and five samples were taken of each species, except for bream for which a single sample was collected. The fish were dissected and the edible flesh, intestine, liver, roe, gonad and/or gills analysed separately. Microcystins were detected at a range of concentrations in the various parts of the fish that were sampled - intestine, liver, roe and/or gills, but were not detected in the edible flesh of any of the fish samples. Averaged across the samples, the highest concentrations of microcystins were quantified in the intestine samples, followed by the liver samples, with low concentrations were detected in the gills and a small number of the samples of gonads and roe. None of the other toxins were detected in any fish sample. The initial analysis for microcystins was of free toxins only. However, there is evidence that microcystins which are covalently bound to proteins are also bioavailable and therefore 22 fish tissue samples, including nine fish flesh samples, were also sent to another laboratory where they were analysed by a method which measures the total concentrations of microcystins, free and protein-bound. The viscera tissue samples chosen for the further analysis were those with the highest concentrations of the free toxins, while the fish flesh samples included 2-3 samples each of eels, roach, pollan and perch. The concentrations of total microcystins found in viscera samples were around one order of magnitude higher than the concentrations of free microcystins that had been measured. However, microcystins were still not detected in the edible fish flesh samples. It is possible that microcystins were not present at any level in any of the fish flesh samples. However, the presence of microcystins in the edible flesh of fish has been reported in the scientific literature, albeit at lower levels than those in the gastrointestinal tract or other parts of the viscera such as liver (Testai et al., 2016). Since microcystins were detected in other parts of the fish sampled from Lough Neagh it is also possible that they were also present in the fish flesh but at levels below the limits of detection of the analytical methods. The limit of detection of the analytical method for total (free + bound) microcystins was 10 µg/kg wet weight. An upper bound dietary exposure assessment was conducted. While a lower bound exposure assessment would assume the microcystins were not present in the edible flesh, i.e. a concentration of 0 µg/kg, the upper bound approach assumed they were present at the limit of detection of 10 µg/kg. The true concentrations may be between these levels. The exposure assessments consider high consumers of fish (97.5th percentile). For eels, consumption data were used from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). For roach, perch, pollan and bream. No consumption data were available from the NDNS and consumption data for trout were used instead as a proxy. The main target organ for toxicity of the microcystins is the liver, though other organs may also be affected. The microcystin most studied toxicologically is microcystin-LR, which is one of the most common microcystins. A WHO review established a provisional tolerable daily intake (TDI) for microcystin-LR of 0.04 µg per kg bodyweight (bw). WHO recommended that exposures to total microcystins should be compared to this provisional TDI, though there is uncertainty with this as individual microcystins are likely to differ significantly in their toxic potencies. Estimated dietary exposures of total microcystins were all within the provisional TDI, indicating no health concern from consuming the edible flesh of these species. Since fish may be caught and prepared for consumption not only by food business operators but by recreational anglers, concern has been raised that evisceration may be incomplete or the edible flesh may become contaminated in the process, and therefore this was also considered in the risk assessment. This was based on the sample of fish which contained the highest concentration of total microcystins in a viscera component, which was a sample of roach with a particularly high concentration of microcystins in intestine. It was assumed that 10% of the relative proportion of intestine to flesh in the fish would be inadvertently consumed with the flesh. In this scenario, dietary exposures would be within the provisional TDI in most age groups or would marginally exceed the TDI, but this would not be toxicologically significant. In addition, since this exposure scenario used an upper bound approach to the concentration in flesh, and used the highest concentration in any viscera sample, it is not clear that there would be any exceedance of the provisional TDI in practice. Overall, it appears unlikely that consumers will substantially exceed the provisional TDI on a long-term basis due to incomplete evisceration of fish. Overall, exposure to microcystins from eating the edible flesh of the tested fish species would not be expected to cause adverse effects in consumers, including if the fish is inadequately eviscerated. Therefore, we consider the frequency of adverse reactions in the general population to be negligible, so rare that it does not merit to be included. Based on the possible levels of exposure to microcystins from fish from Lough Neagh, it is considered that any liver injury, were it to occur in consumers of fish, would result from long term exposure and be mild. Overall, we consider the severity of illness that could potentially occur as a result of exposure to microcystins from consuming edible fish flesh from Lough Neagh to be medium (i.e. moderate illness, incapacitating but not usually life-threatening and of moderate duration). We consider the level of uncertainty to be medium (i.e. there are some but no complete data available), but that this does not affect the conclusion of the risk assessment since many of the key uncertainties are addressed within the risk assessment. However, future monitoring would be useful to assess whether microcystin concentrations in the fish change over time.
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Huynh, Tai, Nathalie Sava, Shoshana Hahn-Goldberg, et al. Mobile On-Site COVID-19 Vaccination of Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities by Neighbourhood Risk in Toronto. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.14.1.0.
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Naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs) are apartment, condo, co-op and social housing buildings that while not purpose-built for older adults, have become home to a high number of them. In Toronto, there are 489 residential buildings that are NORCs. Of these, 256 are located in neighbourhoods with the highest cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2, and are home to 40,955 older adults 65 years of age and above, including 18,144 older adults 80 years of age and above. Prioritizing COVID-19 vaccination by both age and neighbourhood of residence is an effective strategy to minimize deaths, morbidity, and hospitalization. Targeting people living in NORCs in high-risk neighbourhoods for early vaccination is a practical application of that strategy, which will also address barriers to vaccination in this population.
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Case, R., J. Alabakis, K.-A. Bowles, and K. Smith. Suicide prevention in high risk occupations. The Sax Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/zfla9501.
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This review aimed to provide a summary of suicide prevention programs/interventions targeting specific occupations and key enablers for their effectiveness. It aimed to identify which occupations in NSW have higher rates of suicide and prevention programs/interventions targeting these groups which of these have been effective in reducing suicide risk. Particularly high rates of suicide risk were found among farmers, construction workers, emergency services personnel, veterinarians, entertainers and artists, and those in the transport industry. However, evidence on the effectiveness of preventive programs/interventions targeting high risk occupations is limited. The review concludes that there is an urgent need for high quality research into the effectiveness of such programs/interventions to guide future government spending in this area.
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Abrigo, Michael, Edmar Lingatong, and Charlotte Marjorie Relos. School Bullying Contributes to Lower PISA Achievement among Filipino Students: Who Gets Bullied? Why Does It Matter? Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2024.45.
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The Philippines has one of the highest school bullying rates in the world. While its nature, causes, and impacts are well-documented in the international literature, local evidence remains limited and at times conflicting. This study assesses the contribution of bullying exposure to student achievement in a large-scale international student assessment and infers its potential long-term implications. Differences in bullying exposure explain around 0.05 standard deviations of the gap in average student achievement between proficient and nonproficient students, which could potentially cost the Philippines around PHP 10–20 billion annually in foregone economic activity. Important risk factors for being the “most bullied” around the world are also documented, along with highlighting spatial disparities in bullying risks.
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Memarsadeghi, Natalie, Sebastian Rowan, Adam Sisco, and Ahmad Tavakoly. Enhancing resilience : integrating future flood modeling and socio-economic analysis in the face of climate change impacts. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2025. https://doi.org/10.21079/11681/49803.
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As climate change intensifies, floods will become more severe in some areas with geographic variation, necessitating governments implementing systems providing information for climate adaptation. We aimed to develop a methodology identifying areas at an increased risk. In this study, 100-year recurrence interval flood extents and depths were estimated using an ensemble of six independent Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 climate models for a past and future period under the highest-emissions climate scenario. The flood inundation results were related to social vulnerability for two study areas in the Mississippi River Basin. To identify at-risk areas, the relationship between the spatial distribution of flood depths and vulnerability was assessed. Finally, an analysis of current and future damages on infrastructure from flooding on residential housing to determine whether damages correlated with higher vulnerability areas. Results show flood extents and depths are increasing in the future, ranging from an increase of 6 to 76 km2 in extent. A statistically significant relationship between spatial clusters of flooding and of vulnerability was found. Overall, a framework was established to holistically understand the hydrologic and socioeconomic impacts of climate change, and a methodology was developed for allocating resources at the local scale.
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Gisladottir, Viktoria, Amanda Kolker, Zachary Zody, and Ian Warren. Phase I geothermal opportunities assessment of the Delta Junction area, Alaska. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47766.
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To enhance energy resilience at military installations in Interior Alaska, we are exploring geothermal energy, which harvests Earth’s heat to provide thermal energy, electricity, or both. Parts of Interior Alaska have high subsurface heat flow, likely related to high-heat-producing granites. While electric load is usually the focus of energy resilience; in cold regions, the thermal load dominates energy demand, and operations can be sensitive to it. A local geothermal energy source enhances energy resilience by providing baseload energy and lessening supply chain demand. Geothermal energy technology is mature and often economical, but resource location and assessment remain challenging. We present exploration methods for a geothermal feasibility study for Interior Alaska and Phase I prefeasibility study results assessing opportunities to develop geothermal at Fort Greely, Alaska. We present possible geothermal resource types, their potential uses, likelihood of existence, and development risk. We also present custom methodology for locating the resources, associated uncertainty, and the impact of finding each re-source. Phase I shows geothermal at Fort Greely survives the elimination test. Investment into a Phase II field study to address knowledge gaps should consider the higher risk in comparison to other geothermal plays due to new methodology and sparse existing data.
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Bruce, Judith, and Shelley Clark. Including married adolescents in adolescent reproductive health and HIV/AIDS policy. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1002.
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The majority of sexually active girls aged 15–19 in developing countries are married, and married adolescent girls tend to have higher rates of HIV infection than their sexually active, unmarried peers. Married adolescent girls represent a sizable fraction of adolescents at risk and experience some of the highest rates of HIV prevalence of any group. Nonetheless, married adolescents have been marginal in adolescent HIV/AIDS policies and programs and have not been the central subjects for programs aimed at adult married women. This paper offers a partial explanation for why married adolescents have so often been overlooked, the reasons why marriage might bring elevated risk of HIV, initial analytic tools to assist policymakers in determining how to accord appropriate levels of priority to the marriage process, five brief case studies, and a menu of potential policy interventions and actions to make married adolescents an integral part of reproductive health and HIV-prevention initiatives.
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Keshav, Dr Geetha, Dr Suwaibah Fatima Samer, Dr Salman Haroon, and Dr Mohammed Abrar Hassan. TO STUDY THE CORRELATION OF BMI WITH ABO BLOOD GROUP AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS. World Wide Journals, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/2405523.
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Introduction: Advancements and increase in access to healthcare have increased the life expectancy in India from 32 years in 1947 to almost 70 years currently. Due to robust vaccination and basic health programs, most of the communicable diseases are kept under control. The disease burden is now skewed towards non-communicable diseases. It is an established fact that body mass index (BMI) is a reliable predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Early prediction can decrease the disease load and enable early preventative measures. A more novel approach of connecting it with blood groups would yield profound results in predictability and subsequent management. This study was done to see correlation between BMI and known blood groups in order to predict the potential incidence of CVDs in medical students. Material and Method - A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Bhaskar Medical College from September 2022 - November 2022. The sample population included 150- 1st year medical students chosen by Randomized sampling method. BMI was calculated based as weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters (kg/m2). Discussion - Many studies conducted on the association of Blood groups with BMI yielded mixed and inconclusive results. On analysis of the data obtained from this study, O- positive blood group showed the highest inclination towards obesity i.e. 30 of the total participants. A-positive and B- positive blood groups were shown to have a lesser association with obesity i.e. 11 participants of the 150. These results were in accordance with a study done among female students by Shireen Javad et.al, nding blood group O to be the most prone to obesity.8 Incompatible to our results, a study conducted by Samuel Smith Isaac Okai et.al. found no signicant association between blood groups and BMI.10 Another study conducted by Christina Ravillo et.al. found that blood group O had the highest and blood group AB with lowest prevalence of obesity9. These ndings were similar to the results obtained in our study. To study the correlation of BMI with ABO blood group and Cardiovascula AIMS and OBJECTIVES Aim: - r risk among medical students. 1. Calculate and segregate the participants according to BM Objectives: - I using the standard formula provided by the WHO. 1. Determine Blood group using antisera 2. Evaluation of Lipid prole in obese individuals