Academic literature on the topic 'Area specialization'
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Journal articles on the topic "Area specialization"
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Embick, D., A. Marantz, Y. Miyashita, W. O'Neil, and K. L. Sakai. "A syntactic specialization for Broca's area." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, no. 11 (May 16, 2000): 6150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.100098897.
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Viitanen, Elina, Lauri Kokkinen, and Hannu Puolijoki. "Hospital management teams – reflections on organizational and medical specialization cultures." Journal of Hospital Administration 5, no. 1 (November 30, 2015): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v5n1p90.
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Although hospital management is studied in several branches of science, scarcity of studies investigating management team work in hospitals exist. The purpose of this paper was to study managers’ understanding concerning the role of management team work in specialized health care, as well as management team work methods within the different activity areas in a hospital and in the operational units within their domain. A total of 54 interviews of activity area managers and operational unit managers in one Finnish hospital district in 2007-2008 was analyzed using data-driven content analysis. Work of all management teams focused on financial and operative issues. However, different management teams used different working methods, which implicates the existence of medical specialization-specific work subcultures within a shared organizational culture. The psychiatric activity area appeared the most active and the most future-oriented, whereas the activity area of operative specializations seemed the most defensive, and the activity area of conservative specializations was businesslike and unfocused as regards the future. These differences were portrayed in the teams’ inner dynamics and interaction practices. Activity area work methods did not directly transfer to those of the unit-level management teams. We conclude that management teams may not be optimally used as a forum for strategic issues or innovation throughout hospital organizations and more research is needed in order to better understand the connections between management team work, organizational culture and medical specialization culture.
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Wang, Chee Keng John, Leonard Tan, and Eugene I. Dairianathan. "Achievement Goals, Implicit Theories, and Intrinsic Motivation: A Test of Domain Specificity Across Music, Visual Art, and Sports." Journal of Research in Music Education 66, no. 3 (June 25, 2018): 320–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429418784563.
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The purpose of this study was to test the domain specificity of achievement goals across music, visual art, and sports specializations, as measured by Elliot’s 2 × 2 achievement goal framework. Participants in the study were 103 volunteer student teachers from a teacher training institute in Singapore specializing in music, visual art, and physical education. Data were collected via self-report questionnaires that included measures of (a) the 2 × 2 achievement goal orientation constructs; (b) incremental and entity beliefs among the participants in music, visual art, and sports; and (c) participants’ enjoyment, perceived competence, effort, and tension while being engaged in music, visual art, and sports. MANOVA analyses indicated that (a) achievement goals are domain-specific and are highest in participants’ area of specialization; (b) implicit theories can be generalized across the three specializations, with higher incremental beliefs than entity beliefs reported across all specializations; and (c) enjoyment was highest for those who specialized in that particular area. Finally, mastery-approach goals positively predicted enjoyment in each specialization.
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Bastian, Kevin C., and C. Kevin Fortner. "Is Less More? Subject-Area Specialization and Outcomes in Elementary Schools." Education Finance and Policy 15, no. 2 (March 2020): 357–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00278.
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Whereas subject-area specialization is common practice in secondary grades, little is known about its incidence and impact in elementary schools. In this study we use data from North Carolina elementary schools to assess which teachers specialize and estimate whether specialization is associated with teacher effectiveness and school achievement. We find that specialization is prevalent in upper-elementary grades—approximately 25 percent of fourth-grade teachers and 37 percent of fifth-grade teachers specialize—and schools assign relatively more effective teachers to specialize. Analyses indicate that specialization is not leading to its theorized benefits in mathematics and reading. Teachers are less effective than they were before specializing and school-level achievement is not associated with more specialization. However, science results suggest benefits to subject-area specialization. These findings question the use of specialization in elementary grades but invite continued research to more fully assess its impact.
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Issa, Ahmed Idris, Mukhtar Adeola Ibrahim, Amos Ochayi Onojah, and Adenike Aderogba Onojah. "Undergraduates’ Attitude towards the Utilization of Open Educational Resources for Learning." International Journal of Technology in Education and Science 4, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.v4i3.105.
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This study investigated Undergraduates’ Attitude towards the utilization of OER among Undergraduates and the influence of gender and area of specialization on their attitude towards the use. The study adopted a descriptive method of the quantitative research. 3 research questions were developed and answered. 398 respondents were randomly sampled from 3 purposively selected area of specializations. Frequency counts, percentage, rank order and mean were used to answer research questions 1 to 3. The findings of the study were: Undergraduates have a positive attitude towards utilization of OER for learning; There was difference between male and female undergraduates’ attitude towards the utilization of OER for learning in favor of male undergraduates; and There were no significance differences among undergraduates based on Area of Specialization. The study concluded that students have a positive attitude towards use of OER for learning. The research recommends that institutions should endeavor to create their own OERs where students can access anytime and anywhere.
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W.S.K, Fernando, Jayasekara M.K.V.R, Sumanarathne W.G.G.M.J, Senevirathne H.B.M.C, Pathirana G.Y, and Weerarathna R.S. "Factors Affecting the Selection of Human Resources Management as an Area of Specialization: A Conceptual Model." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v11i1.18102.
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In modern times, the trends in students’ choice of specialization in the bachelor’s degree are changing rapidly. Therefore, this research study attempts to build a conceptual framework to uncover the relationship between students’ choice of specialization in Human Resources Management (HRM) and the factors that influence students’ decision making when selecting the area of specialization. This concept paper examines the independent variables (influential factors) which impact the selection of HRM as an area of specialization. The conceptualization supports the theoretical framework created to identify the personal factors, academic factors and social factors which lead to the selection of the area of specialization. The primary importance of this paper is that the conceptual framework can be used in other countries for academic purposes.
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Reys, Robert E., Barbara J. Reys, and Jeffrey C. Shih. "Where Are the Special Niches in Doctoral Programs in Mathematics Education in the United States?" Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 52, no. 3 (May 2021): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc-2020-0029.
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Some people pursuing a doctorate in mathematics education are interested in specializing in a specific area within mathematics education. In addition, people considering postdoctoral appointments often choose institutions that have niches or specializations aligned with their long-term career goals. These specialty areas are typically the result of the foci of specific faculty members who are active in research and scholarship and have gained broad recognition for their work. This brief report offers information about specific areas of specialization within doctoral programs in mathematics education in the United States that are recognized by peer faculty at other doctoral institutions.
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Lonsdale, Richard E. "The Decline in Foreign-Area Specialization in Geography Doctoral Work." Journal of Geography 85, no. 1 (January 1986): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221348608978995.
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Azcona, Nestor. "Specialization and Business Cycle Co-Movement in the Euro Area." Atlantic Economic Journal 47, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11293-019-09618-5.
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Zuzańska-Żyśko, Elżbieta, and Marlena Dyszy. "Dynamic Villages in the Hinterland of a Polycentric Region: Case Study of the Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolis in Poland." Land 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080779.
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This article examines the growth of the labour market and entrepreneurship in a metropolitan area. In particular, the study attempts to answer how the economy of the rural regions is developing in the hinterland of a large urban complex in Southern Poland, which is transforming from a post-industrial conurbation into a metropolitan area. The study applied Florence’s local specialization index, statistical measures, dynamics indexes, and Pearson’s correlation index. The research results show that the local economy, including the labour market, is systematically growing. Rural communes refer to multifunctional development based on services, and they represent diverse economic specializations. They are subject to economies of scale and benefit from the proximity and impact of a large urban complex. The economic growth of rural areas in the hinterland is related to entrepreneurship, convenient location in relation to cities, and migration from cities to villages.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Area specialization"
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Baird, Tyler A. "Bear River Heritage Area: A Study of Recreation Specialization and Importance-Performance." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1740.
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Heritage tourism is a fast growing sector in the recreation arena. Research into multiple aspects of heritage tourism has increased during the last few decades as it has been recognized as a distinct form of tourism and promoted around the globe. This study was conducted in an effort to better understand multiple aspects of heritage tourism in the Bear River Heritage Area of northern Utah and southeastern Idaho. The following aims to provide Bear River Heritage Area leadership with baseline data on their visitors and build upon the base of literature in the areas of recreation specialization, and importance-performance analysis. Attempts to apply the recreation specialization continuum in the context of heritage tourism were relatively unsuccessful in this case. Potential problems with applying recreation specialization to heritage tourism are discussed and implications for future studies are explored. In addition, emerging trends in importance-performance research are applied to respondent ratings of attribute importance and satisfaction in order to provide the best possible suggestions for Bear River Heritage Area management improvements and build upon existing research. Specifically, traditional importance-performance analysis is compared to analyses that incorporate grand means, segmentation, and confidence intervals.
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Wittgren, Johan, and Karl Lindgren. "Valbara kurser : En enkätstudie om valbara kurser för sjöingenjörsstudenter vid Sjöfartshögskolan i Kalmar." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34257.
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På ingenjörsutbildningar får studenter fördjupa sina kunskaper i programmets senare del i form av specialinriktningar eller valbara kurser. Detta är något som inte är tillgängligt för studenter som läser till sjöingenjör vid Sjöfartshögskolan i Kalmar men något som infördes på sjöingenjörsutbildningen vid Chalmers Tekniska Högskola 2009. Studiens syfte är att undersöka intresset för valbara kurser på 7,5 högskolepoäng (hp) vardera för sjöingenjörsstudenter vid Sjöfartshögskolan i Kalmar. En enkätstudie svarade på frågorna om vilka ämnesområden som var av intresse, hur många kurser eleven ville läsa, när under utbildningen önskas kursen läsas, om intresset för valbara kurser saknas och i så fall varför. Resultatet av undersökningen visade att de ämnesområden som är av störst intresse för studenterna på grundnivå är offshore/oljerigg och landkurser. På fördjupningsnivå är el- och reglerteknik samt maskinteknik önskvärda. Studien visade att studenterna vill läsa två valbara kurser under utbildningens sista termin. Det går inte att få ett svar på varför studenterna inte vill införa valbara kurser p.g.a. stor spridning av svaren.In engineering courses, students deepen their knowledge in the later part of the program in form of specializations or elective courses. This is something that is not available to students who study for marine engineer at Kalmar Maritime Academy, a situation that has been present at Chalmers University of Technology since 2009. The purpose of the study is to explore the interest in elective courses of 7.5 credits apiece for marine engineer students at Kalmar Maritime Academy. A questionnaire study was carried out to ascertain as to wheather which topics were of interest, how many courses the student wanted to read, the durability of the course, if interest in the elective course was missing, and if so why. The survey results showed that the subjects of most interest to students at the bachelor level were offshore/oil rig and ashore courses. At the advanced level, electric and control engineering together with mechanical engineering were desirable. The study showed that students want to read two elective courses during the last term. A result cannot be obtained as to why students do not wish to introduce elective courses, this can be attributed to the large spread of responses.
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Moreira, Inês de Castro Luís Lopes. "Filamentos metropolitanos." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20173.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Urbanismo, com a especialização em Urbanismo apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Doutor.As alterações do contexto físico, económico e político, ocorridas desde a segunda metade do século XX, vieram potenciar as transformações no território metropolitano de Lisboa e a emergência de filamentos metropolitanos (áreas urbanas especializadas). Estas, produto de processos de infraestruturação e densificação metropolitana, caracterizam-se pela ocupação de áreas periféricas ao centro consolidado, em localizações estratégicas da rede rodoviária e elevado grau de especialização funcional. O resultado consiste num sistema urbano polinucleado, com a existência de áreas de grande concentração de atividades económicas ligadas ao sector terciário e quaternário e, simultaneamente, o abandono e a posterior reestruturação das áreas industriais periféricas. De forma a analisar o processo subjacente ao seu aparecimento e consolidação, exploram-se as transformações que se verificaram, os principais motores e as consequências da especialização do território. Com o objectivo de identificar e tipificar as formações urbanísticas emergentes, descodificar as suas lógicas espaciais e os seus processos de formação/transformação, propõe-se a seguinte estrutura metodológica: - Enquadramento conceptual e comparativo das transformações do território metropolitano de Lisboa; - Análise das novas configurações urbanas especializadas a nível funcional e da sua correlação com o território metropolitano; - Operacionalização das dinâmicas identificadas e tradução em princípios de atuação exportáveis para realidades semelhantes.
ABSTRACT: The changes in the physical, economic and political context that occurred since the second half of the twentieth century have contributed to the transformations of Lisbon metropolitan territory and the emergence of metropolitan filaments (specialized urban areas). These areas are the product of metropolitan infrastructuration and densification, and are characterized by their peripheral location, in strategic points of the mobility network and a high degree of functional specialization. The result is a polynuclear urban system with areas of great concentration of economic activities related to the tertiary sector and, simultaneously, the abandonment and afterwards the restructuring of peripheral industrial areas. In order to analyze the process underlying its emergence and consolidation, the research focuses on the transformations, the main drivers and the consequences of the territorial specialization. The following methodological structure is applied with the goal of identifying and typifying the emerging urban formations, as well as decoding their spatial logics and the formation / transformation processes: - Conceptual and comparative framework of the transformations occurred in Lisbon metropolitan territory; - Analysis of the new specialized urban forms and their correlation with the metropolitan territory; - Operationalization of the identified dynamics and translation into guidelines applicable to similar realities.
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Janusek, John W. "Diversidad residencial y el surgimiento de la complejidad en Tiwanaku." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113613.
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Domestic Variability and the Emergence of Complexity at TiwanakuThe character of the ancient settlement of Tiwanaku has been a subject of debate for the past half century. Despite general acknowledgement that Tiwanaku influenced vast regions of the south-central Andes for several hundred years, the problem of whether or not Tiwanaku was an "empty" pilgrimage site or a densely populated urban center, and if urban, the constitution of its resident populations, remain compelling questions. This paper addresses these questions by presenting the results of extensive excavations in several residential sectors of the Tiwanaku site. Discussion of comparative spatial architectural and artifactual data emphasizes several intersecting patterns in the changing nature of residential organization during the Tiwanaku IV phase (AD 500-800), during which the site expanded into a major political and religious center. Comparative evidence indicates that during this phase Tiwanaku expanded into a densely populated urban center. This evidence emphasizes notable patterns of spatial order and stylistic uniformity across the site, pointing to the creation and dissemination of a common "state culture". Residential patterns were also characterized by traditional markers of social complexity, including marked status differentiation and specialized craft production. At the same time, these residential areas remained mutually differentiated in local social affiliations with group identity, indicating that the urban center developed out of and remained grounded in a fundamental segmentary social order. These results offer a unique perspective into the distinctive nature of pristine Andean urbanism and social complexity.Las características del antiguo asentamiento de Tiwanaku han suscitado discusiones desde hace más de medio siglo. Pese a aceptar, por lo general, que Tiwanaku ejerció una gran influencia sobre vastas regiones de los Andes surcentrales durante varios siglos, se mantiene el problema de decidir si Tiwanaku fue un lugar de peregrinaje "vacío" o un centro urbano densamente poblado y, aun al aceptar la condición urbana, quedan preguntas difíciles. El presente trabajo trata de estos temas por medio de la presentación de los resultados de excavaciones intensivas en varios sectores residenciales del sitio de Tiwanaku. Se discuten y se comparan los datos espaciales, arquitectónicos y de artefactos, así como se enfatizan varios patrones cruzados en la naturaleza cambiante de la organización residencial durante la fase Tiwanaku IV (500-800 d.C.), en la cual el sitio se convirtió en un gran centro político y religioso. Evidencias comparativas muestran que Tiwanaku fue un centro urbano densamente poblado durante esta misma fase. Estas evidencias subrayan la presencia de notables patrones de orden espacial y de uniformidad estilística a través del sitio, lo cual apunta hacia la creación y difusión de una "cultura estatal" compartida. Los patrones residenciales también se caracterizan por marcadores tradicionales de complejidad social, que incluyen una marcada diferenciación de status y producción artesanal especializada. Al mismo tiempo, estas mismas áreas residenciales mantenían sus diferencias en cuanto a filiaciones sociales locales y la identidad de grupo. Lo que indica que el centro urbano se desarrolló sobre la base de un orden social segmentado. Estos resultados ofrecen una perspectiva única hacia la naturaleza distintiva del urbanismo andino prístino y la complejidad social.
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Otto, Andreas. "Von Downtown zum Arts and Crafts District. Entwicklung des Einzelhandels in den Stadtzentren von Kleinstädten im ländlichen Raum der USA am Beispiel von Ohio." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1212327221172-78285.
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Die historischen Stadtzentren (Downtowns) ländlicher Kleinstädte in den USA unterlagen in den letzten Jahrzehnten des 20. Jahrhunderts einem allgemeinen ökonomischen Niedergang und verloren ihre ursprünglich zentrale Funktion, primäre Einzelhandelsstandorte einer Stadt und ihres Umlands zu sein. Ursachen dafür sind vor allem in der Entstehung attraktiver Einzelhandelsstandorte am Stadtrand zu suchen. Ein genereller ökonomischer Aufschwung der Stadtzentren konnte trotz vielfältiger Bemühungen um eine Revitalisierung bisher nicht erreicht werden. Allerdings bestehen Anzeichen eines in erster Linie qualitativen Wandels und einer Spezialisierung ihrer Einzelhandelsfunktion. Auf der Grundlage des Forschungsstands wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit der Einzelhandel in Stadtzentren ländlicher Kleinstädte untersucht. Dadurch soll der in der Literatur angedeutete, aber weder vertiefend beschriebene noch beurteilte Wandel umfassend charakterisiert werden. Folgende Ziel- und Aufgabenstellungen sind damit verbunden: Erstens sollen der Einzelhandel in den Stadtzentren beschrieben und Typen des Einzelhandels abgeleitet werden. Zweitens geht es um die Kennzeichnung von Einflussfaktoren der Entwicklung unter Herausstellung des Wirkens von Stakeholdern. Drittens sollen Schlussfolgerungen zum funktionalen und strukturellen Wandel der Stadtzentren gezogen werden. Im Besonderen wird die Entwicklung des Arts and Crafts Einzelhandels berücksichtigt, der ein im weiteren Sinne kunsthandwerklich orientiertes Warensortiment mit dekorativem Charakter vorhält. Aus Voruntersuchungen kann von einer hohen Bedeutung dieses Einzelhandelssegments ausgegangen werden. Die konzeptionellen Grundlagen dieser Arbeit werden durch die Diskussion standorttheoretischer Ansätze sowie durch die Analyse der Literatur zur Entwicklung des Einzelhandels und der Stadtzentren in den USA gelegt. Daraus werden Annahmen zur Entwicklung des Einzelhandels und der Stadtzentren als Ausgangspunkte der empirischen Untersuchung abgeleitet. Diese besteht aus drei Teilen. Erstens wird eine auf ganz Ohio bezogene Untersuchung zur Lage des Einzelhandels in ländlichen Kleinstädten durchgeführt. Zweitens geht es um die Analyse des Downtown-Einzelhandels in ausgewählten Städten Ohios. Drittens werden im Rahmen von Fallstudien die Strukturen und Einflussfaktoren der Entwicklung zweier Stadtzentren untersucht. Die Methoden der Datenerhebung umfassen Kartierungen, leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews, teilstandardisierte Befragungen von Händlern sowie Dokumenten- und Datenanalysen. Im Hinblick auf den Downtown-Einzelhandel ist festzuhalten, dass (1) kleine Betriebsformen vorherrschen und Filialen von Mehrbetriebsunternehmen weitgehend fehlen, (2) Anzeichen der weiteren Ausdünnung traditionell in Downtown ansässiger Branchen bestehen, (3) zahlreiche Kleinstbetriebe mit geringwertigem Warensortiment (marginal business) vorkommen, (4) der Anteil des spezialisierten Einzelhandels hoch, aber ein weiteres Wachstum unsicher ist und (5) sich der Arts and Crafts Einzelhandel in den Stadtzentren konzentriert. Aus der Untersuchung von mehr als 100 Betrieben werden neun Typen des Einzelhandels in den Stadtzentren abgeleitet. Die Typenbildung erfolgt zunächst anhand der Sortimentsbreite sowie der Zugehörigkeit zum Arts and Crafts bzw. sonstigen Einzelhandel. Darüber hinaus werden Merkmale des Qualitätsniveaus (Low Quality Stores), der Absatzwege (Delivery Stores), der ökonomischen Rationalität (Self-Realization Stores) und der Betriebsgröße (Downtown Anchor Stores) als Vergleichsdimensionen herangezogen. Im Resultat der Untersuchung von Einflussfaktoren der Einzelhandelsentwicklung können als grundlegend benannt werden: (1) die entscheidende Bedeutung lokaler Faktoren, (2) die bestimmende Funktion des Wettbewerbs als Barriere der Entwicklung, (3) die hohe Bedeutung von Kostenfaktoren und der Kostenminimierung, (4) die grundsätzliche Präferenz der Konsumenten für Standorte mit größerer Angebotsvielfalt und (5) die dezidierte Rolle von Stakeholdern. Die letzte Aussage wird durch die Beschreibung und Beurteilung besonderer Entwicklungsfaktoren weiter untersetzt. Dazu zählen die Tätigkeit von Downtown-Managern, das Wirken privater Investoren sowie das Engagement der kommunalen Politik und Verwaltung für die Entwicklung der Stadtzentren. Schlussfolgerungen zum strukturellen und funktionalen Wandel der Stadtzentren als Einzelhandelsstandorte betreffen (1) die Gefahr der wirtschaftlichen Marginalisierung der Stadtzentren, (2) die Bestätigung einer fortgeschrittenen Standortspezialisierung, (3) die Funktion des Stadtzentrums als „Experimentierfeld“ für den nicht-filialisierten Einzelhandel mit lokalem Ursprung, (4) die Ausrichtung physischer Strukturen an historischen Vorbildern und (5) die weitgehende Stabilität soziokultureller Funktionen von Downtown. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zu Einzelhandelstypen und Einflussfaktoren werden schließlich aufgegriffen, um stabilisierende und destabilisierende Effekte für die Standortentwicklung zu beurteilenHistoric town centers (downtowns) of rural small cities in the U.S. underwent a process of economic downgrading in the later decades of the 20th century. In consequence, they lost their originally central function as being the primary retail location of a small town and its surroundings. Reasons for this development, particularly, can be found in the emergence of attractive shopping centers at the suburban edge. In spite of manifold revitalization activities, a true and overall economic recovery of downtown cannot be stated. However, there are signs of further change in downtown, mainly linked to qualitative transitions and to the specialization of its retail functions. On the basis of the current state of research this dissertation aims at a comprehensive analysis of downtown retail in rural small cities. Potential developments and changes that have only been mentioned in the literature will be characterized in detail. Three objectives and tasks are connected to this statement: First, the downtown retail shall be described in detail and types of retail businesses shall be derived. Second, impact factors shall be identified, specifically considering impacts of stakeholder activities. Third, conclusions shall be drawn with regard to the functional and structural change of downtown as a retail location. Special attention of this dissertation is connected to the emergence and possible growth of arts and crafts retail businesses selling goods with mainly decorative character. This interest originates from previous research, naming the importance of arts and crafts retail as a possible growth segment of downtown retail. The conceptual foundation of this dissertation contains a discussion on location theory as well as analyses of empiric and further theoretic studies on the development of retail and downtowns in the U.S. In a preliminary conclusion, assumptions are drawn as starting points for the empiric part of this study. The empiric research contains: first, a survey on the location of retail businesses in rural and exurban small cities throughout Ohio; second, an analysis of downtown retail in several chosen small cities in Ohio; and third, an examination of detailed case studies on the structures and development factors of two Ohio small city downtowns. Methods of data collection contain mapping, expert interviews, semi-structured surveys of retail businesses, and data analysis. From the characterization of downtown retail it can be concluded that there are: (1) high percentages of small retail formats in downtown and almost no chain stores, (2) clear indications of further decreasing “traditional” downtown trade-lines, (3) high percentages of very small “marginal businesses” with assortments of lower value, (4) high percentages of specialized retail stores but without considerable signs of further growth, and (5) concentrations of arts and crafts shops in downtown. Furthermore, nine different types of downtown retail businesses can be derived from an investigation of more than 100 stores. For this purpose, downtown businesses are rated by the range of products they offer and by their belonging to arts and crafts or other retail sectors. In addition, further dimensions lead to special types of downtown retail considering specific characteristics of retail stores such as the quality level (“low quality store”), the means of distribution (“delivery store”), questions of economic rationality (“self-realization store”) and the size of a store (“downtown anchor store”). The analysis of impact factors identifies the importance of: (1) local factors against non-local factors causing differences among downtowns, (2) competition as a barrier for downtown retail development, (3) cost factors and the minimization of costs for downtown stores, (4) the consumers’ general preferences for larger locations with a wider range of supplies, and of (5) stakeholder activities as being decisive for downtown development. The latter fact receives further attention in this research by assessing specific constellations of stakeholder activities. Among them are the effects of downtown manager action, the impact of private investors, and the commitment of local administration and politics to downtown. Conclusions on the structural and functional change of downtown as commercial location pertain to (1) the danger of marginalization of downtown’s economic role, (2) the affirmation of an advanced specialization of downtown locations, (3) the incubator or laboratory function of downtown for locally-based retail, (4) the orientation of physical structures towards historic ideals, and (5) the widely stable situation of socio-cultural functions of downtown. Finally, the types of downtown retail and impact factors that have been generated in this dissertation are subject to further assessments. They are rated with regard to potential effects on the stabilization or destabilization of downtown’s role as a commercial location
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Otto, Andreas. "Von Downtown zum Arts and Crafts District. Entwicklung des Einzelhandels in den Stadtzentren von Kleinstädten im ländlichen Raum der USA am Beispiel von Ohio." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23604.
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Die historischen Stadtzentren (Downtowns) ländlicher Kleinstädte in den USA unterlagen in den letzten Jahrzehnten des 20. Jahrhunderts einem allgemeinen ökonomischen Niedergang und verloren ihre ursprünglich zentrale Funktion, primäre Einzelhandelsstandorte einer Stadt und ihres Umlands zu sein. Ursachen dafür sind vor allem in der Entstehung attraktiver Einzelhandelsstandorte am Stadtrand zu suchen. Ein genereller ökonomischer Aufschwung der Stadtzentren konnte trotz vielfältiger Bemühungen um eine Revitalisierung bisher nicht erreicht werden. Allerdings bestehen Anzeichen eines in erster Linie qualitativen Wandels und einer Spezialisierung ihrer Einzelhandelsfunktion. Auf der Grundlage des Forschungsstands wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit der Einzelhandel in Stadtzentren ländlicher Kleinstädte untersucht. Dadurch soll der in der Literatur angedeutete, aber weder vertiefend beschriebene noch beurteilte Wandel umfassend charakterisiert werden. Folgende Ziel- und Aufgabenstellungen sind damit verbunden: Erstens sollen der Einzelhandel in den Stadtzentren beschrieben und Typen des Einzelhandels abgeleitet werden. Zweitens geht es um die Kennzeichnung von Einflussfaktoren der Entwicklung unter Herausstellung des Wirkens von Stakeholdern. Drittens sollen Schlussfolgerungen zum funktionalen und strukturellen Wandel der Stadtzentren gezogen werden. Im Besonderen wird die Entwicklung des Arts and Crafts Einzelhandels berücksichtigt, der ein im weiteren Sinne kunsthandwerklich orientiertes Warensortiment mit dekorativem Charakter vorhält. Aus Voruntersuchungen kann von einer hohen Bedeutung dieses Einzelhandelssegments ausgegangen werden. Die konzeptionellen Grundlagen dieser Arbeit werden durch die Diskussion standorttheoretischer Ansätze sowie durch die Analyse der Literatur zur Entwicklung des Einzelhandels und der Stadtzentren in den USA gelegt. Daraus werden Annahmen zur Entwicklung des Einzelhandels und der Stadtzentren als Ausgangspunkte der empirischen Untersuchung abgeleitet. Diese besteht aus drei Teilen. Erstens wird eine auf ganz Ohio bezogene Untersuchung zur Lage des Einzelhandels in ländlichen Kleinstädten durchgeführt. Zweitens geht es um die Analyse des Downtown-Einzelhandels in ausgewählten Städten Ohios. Drittens werden im Rahmen von Fallstudien die Strukturen und Einflussfaktoren der Entwicklung zweier Stadtzentren untersucht. Die Methoden der Datenerhebung umfassen Kartierungen, leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews, teilstandardisierte Befragungen von Händlern sowie Dokumenten- und Datenanalysen. Im Hinblick auf den Downtown-Einzelhandel ist festzuhalten, dass (1) kleine Betriebsformen vorherrschen und Filialen von Mehrbetriebsunternehmen weitgehend fehlen, (2) Anzeichen der weiteren Ausdünnung traditionell in Downtown ansässiger Branchen bestehen, (3) zahlreiche Kleinstbetriebe mit geringwertigem Warensortiment (marginal business) vorkommen, (4) der Anteil des spezialisierten Einzelhandels hoch, aber ein weiteres Wachstum unsicher ist und (5) sich der Arts and Crafts Einzelhandel in den Stadtzentren konzentriert. Aus der Untersuchung von mehr als 100 Betrieben werden neun Typen des Einzelhandels in den Stadtzentren abgeleitet. Die Typenbildung erfolgt zunächst anhand der Sortimentsbreite sowie der Zugehörigkeit zum Arts and Crafts bzw. sonstigen Einzelhandel. Darüber hinaus werden Merkmale des Qualitätsniveaus (Low Quality Stores), der Absatzwege (Delivery Stores), der ökonomischen Rationalität (Self-Realization Stores) und der Betriebsgröße (Downtown Anchor Stores) als Vergleichsdimensionen herangezogen. Im Resultat der Untersuchung von Einflussfaktoren der Einzelhandelsentwicklung können als grundlegend benannt werden: (1) die entscheidende Bedeutung lokaler Faktoren, (2) die bestimmende Funktion des Wettbewerbs als Barriere der Entwicklung, (3) die hohe Bedeutung von Kostenfaktoren und der Kostenminimierung, (4) die grundsätzliche Präferenz der Konsumenten für Standorte mit größerer Angebotsvielfalt und (5) die dezidierte Rolle von Stakeholdern. Die letzte Aussage wird durch die Beschreibung und Beurteilung besonderer Entwicklungsfaktoren weiter untersetzt. Dazu zählen die Tätigkeit von Downtown-Managern, das Wirken privater Investoren sowie das Engagement der kommunalen Politik und Verwaltung für die Entwicklung der Stadtzentren. Schlussfolgerungen zum strukturellen und funktionalen Wandel der Stadtzentren als Einzelhandelsstandorte betreffen (1) die Gefahr der wirtschaftlichen Marginalisierung der Stadtzentren, (2) die Bestätigung einer fortgeschrittenen Standortspezialisierung, (3) die Funktion des Stadtzentrums als „Experimentierfeld“ für den nicht-filialisierten Einzelhandel mit lokalem Ursprung, (4) die Ausrichtung physischer Strukturen an historischen Vorbildern und (5) die weitgehende Stabilität soziokultureller Funktionen von Downtown. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zu Einzelhandelstypen und Einflussfaktoren werden schließlich aufgegriffen, um stabilisierende und destabilisierende Effekte für die Standortentwicklung zu beurteilen.Historic town centers (downtowns) of rural small cities in the U.S. underwent a process of economic downgrading in the later decades of the 20th century. In consequence, they lost their originally central function as being the primary retail location of a small town and its surroundings. Reasons for this development, particularly, can be found in the emergence of attractive shopping centers at the suburban edge. In spite of manifold revitalization activities, a true and overall economic recovery of downtown cannot be stated. However, there are signs of further change in downtown, mainly linked to qualitative transitions and to the specialization of its retail functions. On the basis of the current state of research this dissertation aims at a comprehensive analysis of downtown retail in rural small cities. Potential developments and changes that have only been mentioned in the literature will be characterized in detail. Three objectives and tasks are connected to this statement: First, the downtown retail shall be described in detail and types of retail businesses shall be derived. Second, impact factors shall be identified, specifically considering impacts of stakeholder activities. Third, conclusions shall be drawn with regard to the functional and structural change of downtown as a retail location. Special attention of this dissertation is connected to the emergence and possible growth of arts and crafts retail businesses selling goods with mainly decorative character. This interest originates from previous research, naming the importance of arts and crafts retail as a possible growth segment of downtown retail. The conceptual foundation of this dissertation contains a discussion on location theory as well as analyses of empiric and further theoretic studies on the development of retail and downtowns in the U.S. In a preliminary conclusion, assumptions are drawn as starting points for the empiric part of this study. The empiric research contains: first, a survey on the location of retail businesses in rural and exurban small cities throughout Ohio; second, an analysis of downtown retail in several chosen small cities in Ohio; and third, an examination of detailed case studies on the structures and development factors of two Ohio small city downtowns. Methods of data collection contain mapping, expert interviews, semi-structured surveys of retail businesses, and data analysis. From the characterization of downtown retail it can be concluded that there are: (1) high percentages of small retail formats in downtown and almost no chain stores, (2) clear indications of further decreasing “traditional” downtown trade-lines, (3) high percentages of very small “marginal businesses” with assortments of lower value, (4) high percentages of specialized retail stores but without considerable signs of further growth, and (5) concentrations of arts and crafts shops in downtown. Furthermore, nine different types of downtown retail businesses can be derived from an investigation of more than 100 stores. For this purpose, downtown businesses are rated by the range of products they offer and by their belonging to arts and crafts or other retail sectors. In addition, further dimensions lead to special types of downtown retail considering specific characteristics of retail stores such as the quality level (“low quality store”), the means of distribution (“delivery store”), questions of economic rationality (“self-realization store”) and the size of a store (“downtown anchor store”). The analysis of impact factors identifies the importance of: (1) local factors against non-local factors causing differences among downtowns, (2) competition as a barrier for downtown retail development, (3) cost factors and the minimization of costs for downtown stores, (4) the consumers’ general preferences for larger locations with a wider range of supplies, and of (5) stakeholder activities as being decisive for downtown development. The latter fact receives further attention in this research by assessing specific constellations of stakeholder activities. Among them are the effects of downtown manager action, the impact of private investors, and the commitment of local administration and politics to downtown. Conclusions on the structural and functional change of downtown as commercial location pertain to (1) the danger of marginalization of downtown’s economic role, (2) the affirmation of an advanced specialization of downtown locations, (3) the incubator or laboratory function of downtown for locally-based retail, (4) the orientation of physical structures towards historic ideals, and (5) the widely stable situation of socio-cultural functions of downtown. Finally, the types of downtown retail and impact factors that have been generated in this dissertation are subject to further assessments. They are rated with regard to potential effects on the stabilization or destabilization of downtown’s role as a commercial location.
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Eric, MANIRAGUHA, NTAGWIRUMUGARA Etienne, and Nenad GLODIC. "UTILIZATION OF WIND POWER IN RWANDA: Design and Production Option." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240659.
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This Master Thesis is the research done in the country of Rwanda. The project leads to study the climate of this country in order to establish whether this climate could be used to produce energy from air and to implement the first wind turbine for serving the nation. After an introduction about the historical background of wind power, the thesis work deals with assessment of wind energy potential of Rwanda in focusing of the most suitable place for wind power plants. The best location with annual mean wind speed, the rate of use of turbine with hub height for an annual production per year, the mean wind speeds for 6 sites of Rwanda based on ECMWF for climatic data for one year at relief of altitude of 100m and coordinates are reported too. The result of energy produced and calculations were done based on power hitting wind turbine generator in order to calculate Kinetic energy and power available at the best location to the measurement over the period of 12 months, that could be hoped for long term. With help of logarithmic law, where wind speed usually increases with increasing in elevation and the desired wind speeds at all 6 sites were used. The annual energy production was taken into account at the best site with desired wind speed at the initial cost of turbine as well as the cost of energy (COE).However, with comparison of the tariff of EWSA, the price of Wind designed in this Research per kWh is cheaper and suitable for people of Rwanda.I WISH TO PUBLISH MY THESIS
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Du, Toit Esther Francina. "Nursing students' exposure to the clinical learning environment and its influence on their specialization choice / Esther Francina du Toit." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10688.
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Nursing students in South Africa are exposed to various clinical environments as part of the prescribed curriculum (SANC, 2008). These clinical environments not only positively or negatively influence nursing students but also greatly influence their decisions regarding future specialization. This relationship between the influence of the clinical environment and the decision to apply at a specific hospital was established by Andrews et al. (2005:147), but little is known about how it affects the decision of nursing students to specialize in a specific area. According to the South African Nursing Council‟s statistical data, an additional qualification in operational theatre is one of the least qualifications applied for (SANC, 2012b). This indicates that not many nursing students choose, for example, the theatre as a specialization area when their studies are completed. In light of this evidence, this study aimed to explore the influence that the clinical environment has on the decision of nursing students to specialize in a specific area. An explorative and descriptive design, which is qualitative in nature, was followed to conduct this study. The data collection was conducted in two phases. Phase one: Nursing students‟ experiences after exposure to theatre as a clinical environment were explored by means of reflective essays. Data was analysed according to the principles of Tesch as described in Creswell (1994:154). Meetings between the researcher and an experienced co-coder resulted in consensus regarding the findings. Three main themes and eleven sub themes were identified and provided clarity on the influence of the clinical environment on nursing students. Phase two, consisting of two focus group discussions facilitated by an expert in focus group facilitation, was completed to validate the findings from the reflective essay. This data was transcribed, analysed and the findings validated by the existing data from phase one. Conclusions drawn from this study were that the clinical environment does influence the students‟ decision to specialize in operating theatre, but many choose not to specialize in theatre due to personal preferences.MCur, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Wang, Gwo-Jiun, and 王國君. "The Study of Recreational Specialization and Environmental Preference in costal area--A case Study of Nanwan Coastal area in Kenting National Park." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70012919177454940239.
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碩士國立中山大學
海洋資源學系
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In past years, most of Taiwan costal land are used in industry, aquaculture and farming, The recreational activity are increase in some aspects,such as environmental protection, recreational quantity and quality. In past researches are major in satisfacation, perception, demand, experience etc. This article focuss on various of receational activies specialization and environmental preference of costal area, and take the Nanwan costal area of kenting National Park as an example. The survey methods are behavior observation and questionaire in studying area. The results are: (1) Recreational specialization are "1-3 days period", "2-5 persons" and "by cars" take the most part of visitors. (2) The reasons of people come here are scenery beautiful. (3) The recreational experience are "near the nature." (4) Satisfication are affected majorly by shower room, traffic convenience and enough parking area. (5) Environmental preference are "keeping the nature scenery". We can also use carrying capacity and strategic marketing in costal area management.
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Myburgh, Pieter Abraham Jacobus. "The need for specialization in the SAPS: the case of the Stock Theft Unit in the diamondfield area." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1275.
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During 2002/2003 units in the South African Police Service, such as the Stock Theft Unit in Kimberley were closed which was followed with the closure of the Stock Theft Unit in Postmasburg the next year. Both these units are situated within the Diamondfield police area in the Northern Cape Province.
At the time the closure of these units elicited varied reactions from the farmers' community, the general public and members of the SAPS. This lead to the question what the effect of the closure had on the trust in the police by the farmers' community and whether it had an effect on the fear of crime which lead, in turn to the non-reporting of crime and even vigilantism.
In this study the principles of community policing are studied to determine whether they can be used to address the problem caused by the closure of the units. The current application of community policing in the South African Police Service is discussed as it is implemented through sector policing and Community Police Forums (CPF) and through other applications thereof.
In addition, specialization as manifested in the investigation and detection of crime and especially stock theft by the Stock Theft Units (STU), are discussed.
In the study stock theft statistics from neighbouring states in Africa, as well as those of Australia and Scotland are compared with those of South Africa. The South African situation is further divided into national, provincial and area levels. In the contexts of the Diamondfield Area it was broken down to jurisdictions areas of the Stock Theft Units in order to draw conclusions and comparisons. In the Diamondfield Area the area previously serviced by the Stock Theft Unit Kimberley are compared with that of the Stock Theft Unit Postmasburg.
Questionnaires were distributed among the farmers' community, using a proportional stratified random sampling method; subsequently focus group interviews were held with members of the closed Stock Theft Unit Kimberley. This was triangulated by a focus group interview with members of the Stock Theft Unit Postmasburg, as well as with individual interviews with an influential representative of the farmers' community at both area and provincial level, and the National Head of the Stock Theft Unit of the South African Police Service.
The SARA model (Scanning, Analysis, Response and Assessment), was used to evaluate the results of the questionnaires and to interpret the research in order to make recommendations how to address the identified problems. Lastly, an implementation plan was drawn up to facilitate the process of addressing the identified problems.CRIMINOLOGY
MTECH: POLICING
Books on the topic "Area specialization"
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Fen gong, zhuan ye hua yu cheng shi qun jing ji: Division, specialization and cities agglomeration economies. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2011.
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Kogan, Efim. Ordinary differential equations and calculus of variations. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058922.
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The textbook contains theoretical information in a volume of the lecture course are discussed in detail and examples of typical tasks and test tasks and tasks for independent work.
Designed for students enrolled in directions of preparation 15.03.03 "Applied mechanics" 01.03.02 "mathematics" (specialization "Mathematical modeling"), major 23.05.01 "Land transport and technological means" (specialization "Dynamics and strength of transport and technological systems"). Can be used by teachers for conducting practical classes.
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Krekotnev, Sergey. State policy in relation to cities and regions with mono-specialization: experience and priorities. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1098273.
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The monograph analyzes the policy in relation to cities and regions with monospecialization as one of the priority directions of state policy. The article considers the specifics of single-industry cities and regions as socio-political phenomena and objects of state regulation. The main principles, directions, mechanisms and tools for the implementation of state policy in relation to single-profile spatial formations are studied. Special attention is paid to the political and comparative analysis of foreign and domestic experience in the formation and implementation of this direction of state policy, as well as to identifying the degree of applicability of its main models in modern conditions.
For specialists in the field of political science and related sciences, as well as anyone interested in this issue in its theoretical and applied dimensions.
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Karaseva, Tat'yana, Aleksandr Mahov, and Svetlana Tolstova. Therapeutic physical culture for diseases of the elderly. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1042608.
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The textbook presents questions that reflect the content of the courses "physical therapy and massage", "Physical rehabilitation", as well as the course of specialization of the AFC "physical therapy in geriatrics". It is intended for students studying in the specialties and areas of training "Physical culture" and " Physical culture for people with disabilities (adaptive physical culture)", physical therapy instructors.
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Lysova, Ekaterina, Oksana Paramonova, Natal'ya Samarskaya, and Natal'ya Yudina. Environmental monitoring. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1069167.
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Outlines General environmental monitoring. Special attention is paid to the monitoring of atmospheric air, water objects, soil-ecological monitoring and biodiversity monitoring.
Can be useful for students studying in areas of training 20.03.01 "Technospheric security", specialization "environmental Protection and resource saving", "Engineering protection of environment", as well as for professionals in the field of environmental protection.
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Komarov, Evgeniy. Geotechnology: underground mine workings and their fixing. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1064750.
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The textbook describes the basic concepts of underground mine workings, assessment of their stability, modern methods of fastening and protection during the entire life of mines and mines. Examples of calculating the rational cross-sectional area of mine workings and questions for self-testing aimed at consolidating the knowledge and competencies obtained by students are given.
It is intended for students of all specializations studying in the field of Mining and studying the disciplines " Underground Geotechnology "and" Construction Geotechnology", since it is a basic informative carrier of professional knowledge and competencies.
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Sherstnev, Nikolay. Maintenance and repair of ship pipelines, valves and filters. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048799.
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The tutorial shows the design features of ship pipelines, valves and filters that affect the conditions of their operation and methods of maintenance and repair. Recommendations for external inspection and control of their elements are given. The features of disassembly and Assembly of various types of valves and filters are shown. With examples from ship practice typical defects of the specified elements, ways of their definition and elimination are considered.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions (specialization in the specialty "Operation of ship power plants") and University teachers. It can also be used in the system of secondary vocational education in the specialty "Operation of ship power plants".
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Garzaniti, Marcello, and Lorenzo Pubblici, eds. CeSecom. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-316-8.
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Cesecom was founded by bringing together a group of scholars who are experts in the study of the several regions that are between Central Europe and Caucasus, including Central Asia. Our attention is focused on the centuries before the fall of Constantinople and the discovery of America, a fundamental period in order to understand the roots of the problems and conflicts that are still tormenting this region of the world today. CeSecom was created to meet the exigencies of scholars in order to furnish a tool for research and also provide an open space for discussions, to exchange ideas and share the outcomes of one's studies. The website will be an open resource, whose aim is to improve diverse specializations, sharing and delving in them. We hope that this initiative will meet your liking and will favor communication of our scientific work.
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Bolarev, Boris. Standardization, Metrology, conformity assessment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1078037.
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The textbook reveals the problems of technical regulation, standardization and metrological support, and considers their use in practice. For the first time, the methodology of metrological support of a commercial enterprise is proposed, and the possibilities of organizing activities in a commercial object are determined. It meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation and the approximate work programs of the disciplines "Standardization, Metrology, conformity assessment" and"Metrology, standardization, certification". For students of higher and secondary professional educational institutions studying in the direction of "trade" (bachelor) of the subject "commodity science", specialization "Commerce", "trade logistics", as well as for bachelors of food technology studying the discipline "Metrology, standardization, certification", for undergraduates, it can be used in the system of professional development of trade and public catering workers of the highest, middle level, as well as for a wide range of entrepreneurs and specialists.
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Biggins, Dean E., and David A. Eads. Evolution, natural history, and conservation of black-footed ferrets. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0015.
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Black-footed ferrets were reduced to a remnant population of 10 in 1985 due to diseases (plague, canine distemper), but successful captive breeding and releases have improved the prospects for ferret recovery. Comparisons between black-footed ferrets and Siberian polecats, close relatives that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring, allow the following evolutionary speculation. Predation on ferrets and polecats tends to narrow their niches and promote specialization due to requirements for escape habitats. In Asia, that influence is countered by the larger and more diverse area of steppe and alpine meadow habitats for polecats, and by plague which causes large variation in prey abundance. In North America, the selective pressure favoring specialization in ferrets on prairie dog prey and burrows had no strong counter-force before plague invaded. Plague is an immense challenge to black-footed ferret recovery, and several management tools including vaccines and vector control may be necessary to conserve the species.
Book chapters on the topic "Area specialization"
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Palméro, Sandra. "Trade and Specialization in the Asian Area." In Perspectives on Economic Integration and Business Strategy in the Asia-Pacific Region, 3–23. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25641-9_1.
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Gokan, Toshitaka. "Measures for Geographical Concentration and Specialization with Administrative-area Data." In Economic Integration and the Location of Industries, 30–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230389427_3.
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Lombardi, Mauro. "Traiettorie tecno-economiche." In Studi e saggi, 113–32. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-310-9.08.
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Here six techno-economic trajectories are discussed in light of global challenges and the great changes that are taking place in the techno-scientific and social world: digitization of socio-economic processes, smart specialization, environmental sustainability and systemic resilience, knowledge intensive activities, health topics dealt with IA techniques, bio-economy and agri-food. For each trajectory focus area, actors and indicators are proposed.
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Hill, Berkeley. "International trade." In An introduction to economics: concepts for students of agriculture and the rural sector, 174–93. 5th ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620063.0009.
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Abstract This chapter discusses the theory of comparative advantage, specialization, and trade in surpluses. A two-country and two-commodity model of the gains from specialization and trade is presented, which is then extended to include many countries and many commodities. Also discussed are: transactions involving currencies; arguments put in support of trade restrictions; balance of payments; monetary matters; and government manipulation of the trade balance and exchange rates.
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Baltov, Milen. "The Blue Smart Specialization Challenges Towards the." In Future City, 281–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_15.
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AbstractThe ‘blue economy’ embraces more than five million jobs and the gross added value in the second decade of this century is surpassing EUR half a trillion a year. Now when this growth even accelerates in many more sub-sectors the process goes driven in two ways. On one side, a wave of smart specialization strategies at regional and urban level is under way, in many cases incorporating the restorative economy elements. On the other side, changes just happened even without the respective strategies in the blue economy structure and challenge the established sectors. The purpose of this chapter of the book is to identify the main challenges of the smart specialization strategies at urban and regional level incorporating the blue growth elements that are met towards the restorative economy frames. The methods used are a literature and key policy documents review and some secondary data analysis over performed by the European Commission contractor investigation with reference to a project performed in the sector. As a conclusion the recommendation for sectoral specialization of the coastal areas and its cities’ economy in accordance with the innovative potential for blue growth was outlined, with the understanding it might be fragile due to the unsustainable economic activities in the seas.
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Scorza, Francesco, Angela Pilogallo, and Giuseppe Las Casas. "Investigating Tourism Attractiveness in Inland Areas: Ecosystem Services, Open Data and Smart Specializations." In New Metropolitan Perspectives, 30–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92099-3_4.
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Altukhov, Anatoly I., Alexander G. Semkin, Vasily G. Bykov, and Alexander S. Piatinskiy. "Strategic Areas of Distribution and Specialization in Terms of Development of the Management of Agricultural Production." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 805–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69415-9_92.
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Tanrisever, Canan. "As an Alternative." In Cases on Tour Guide Practices for Alternative Tourism, 217–39. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3725-1.ch012.
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Tourist guidance training/education is different in many countries of the world. Tourism types or tourism choices affect the specialization areas of tourist guides. Tourist guides that should be one of the components of an ecologically based integrity are not yet included in all routes. This area, which is not included in the tourist guidance curriculum, has been proposed as a training module for specialization in this study. In this context, the aim of the study is to contribute to the field and literature by creating the infrastructure of the cultural routes education program as a module. The study is a heuristic research. The interview form used in the research was formed by utilizing expert opinions on qualitative data collection methods based on literature review. According to the results of this research, this module is divided into seven main topics.
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Kadhm, Sherouk J. "Skill of Forecasting Career Trends." In Student-Driven Learning Strategies for the 21st Century Classroom, 352–68. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1689-7.ch022.
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Graduate unemployment is regarded as a global phenomenon that threatens the economic stability in many societies. While there are many factors underlying this phenomenon, many researchers have indicated that inadequate enhancement of 21st century skills is one of the main culprits. In this chapter, the author provides a proposal for a new skill that should be included within our education curriculum. This skill aims to improve students' abilities to predict future career trends in their area of specialization. Forecasting career trends as a new skill is proposed in this chapter. To achieve the desired goal of this skill, the author suggests four sub-skills: perception of career desire; knowledge of specialization changes; recognition of career aspects; and invention of service methods. This chapter concludes with some recommendations and solutions.
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Riviezzo, Angelo, Maria Rosaria Napolitano, and Floriana Fusco. "From the Entrepreneurial University to the Civic University." In Smart Specialization Strategies and the Role of Entrepreneurial Universities, 60–80. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6152-1.ch003.
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The chapter aims to investigate the impact of the presence of the university on the perceived quality of life of the host community. To this aim, the authors focused on a specific area, that is the historical town center of Naples (as defined by the UNESCO in the World Heritage List since 1995), where five universities are located. Adopting a qualitative and explorative approach, 25 in-depth interviews have been conducted with local universities' stakeholders and content-analyzed through the software Nvivo 10. Thus, the authors identified precisely the multiplicity of activities through which the presence of the university contributes to the socio-economic and cultural well-being of the community of which it is part, thinking about the dynamics that may occur in the case of an urban-located university. Based on the findings, a conceptual model is proposed that may be further validated with new investigations.
Conference papers on the topic "Area specialization"
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Bloem, Michael J., and Nicholas Bambos. "An Approach for Finding Multiple Area of Specialization Configuration Advisories." In 2013 Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4201.
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Forgacs, Csaba. "In what direction is agricultural specialization headed in Central and Eastern Europe? (2005-2016)." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.005.
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The paper deals with the main directions of specialization in Central and Eastern European Countries’ (CEECs, EU10) agriculture after the EU’s Eastward Enlargement. We analyse and compare growth and productivity advantages of specialized farm types by physical size (in hectare) in EU10 member-states to the EU10/27/15 average based on EUROSTAT data in the period of 2005-2016. We focus on exploring the main directions of specialization using such indicators as the number of specialized farms, land (Utilized Agricultural Area, UAA) and labour (Agricultural Working Unit, AWU) use on the input side, average farm size by land and labour use as well as area-, labour-, and total productivity on the output side. We conclude that the directions of specialization in farming in EU10 were based on the traditional farm production structure making the latter better able to adjust and take advantages of Common Agricultural Policy. Concerning production growth rate, the three leading specialization types of CEECs’ farms were: (i) cattle rearing and fattening, (ii) cereals, oilseed and protein crops and (iii) fruits and citrus fruits. These three specialization types of farms – in the same ranking order - also increased land (UAA) and labour (AWU) use well above the average. Specialized cereals farms and cattle rearing and fattening farms were also ranked in top three by number. Both cereals and fruits specialized farms have leading position in growth rate of land and labour use and also are in top three in growth rate of land area and total farm productivity. Cereals and fruits specialized farms also more than doubled labour productivity during the first decade after the EU’s Eastward enlargement but did not rank in the top three in this category.
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Forgacs, Csaba. "Regional and structural development of specialized farms in central and eastern european countries (2005-2016)." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.045.
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This paper analyses the structural development of farm specialization in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs/EU-102) over the 2005-2016 period with a special focus on regional aspects of such development. We look at the number, land, labour and production of ten specialization types of farming in each of the EU-10 countries using EUROSTAT data, and compare these with the EU-15/27 averages. We conclude that the number of specialized farms in EU-10 declined to a lesser than in the EU-15 but doubled the production against 30 per cent growth in EU-15. The growth of production shows strong regional differences from 50 per cent to 200 in EU-10 and, offering more jobs in three countries in 2016 than in 2005. Cereal farms more than tripled production closing the gap to EU-15 average from two third to 50 per cent. In 2016, already over 75 per cent of the production of specialized farms in CEECs came from TOP 3 specializations (dairy, cereal and pig), well above EU-15 average (55 per cent). From 2005 until 2016 growth of area, labour and total productivity of specialized farms in EU-10 well exceeded that of EU-15. Their levels, however, were still only around 43 per cent, 25 per cent and 20 per cent of that of EU-15 in 2016. The ratio between the highest and lowest productivity levels within EU-10 is 3.8 with respect to area, 5.2 with respect to labour, and 35.4 with respect to total productivity in 2016 and shows clearly the extent of scattering in the productivity of specialized farms in EU-10 countries.
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Qin, Rui-qi, and Jian Wang. "Study on the status and performance of specialization development in the Binhai New Area and the Yellow River basin." In 2012 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2012.6414303.
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"Influence of Teachers, Profesional Qualification and Area of Specialization on the Implimentation of Environmental Education Curriculum in Cross River State – Nigeria." In International Conference on Chemical, Environment & Biological Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c914120.
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Istomin, Evgeniy, Evgeniy Istomin, Alexander Sokolov, Alexander Sokolov, Anna Fokicheva, Anna Fokicheva, Ludmila Slesareva, Ludmila Slesareva, Николай Попов, and Nikolay Popov. "THE MANAGEMENT OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL RISKS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS OF COASTAL AREAS." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b43152a7479.
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The article considers the problems of functioning and development of complex socio-economic systems of coastal areas in unstable weather-climatic conditions. It is known that the characteristics of the spatial organization of economy of coastal zones are defined industrial and trade specialization and tourism potential of the area It is shown that socio-economic systems are subject to a number of factors, including weather and climatic conditions, which can have both positive and negative effects on economic potential. development of the coastal areas. The density distribution and the economic activities should be considered. The classification of risks of socio - economic systems of coastal areas, due to the influence of hydrometeorological conditions are described. The need to incorporate the tasks of risk management function and the development of spatial distributed systems in the concept of integrated coastal zone management is justified. The model of management of hydrometeorological risks in the system "territory - economy - natural environment" in the space-time dimension is developed. Proposed methods of solving the problems of functioning and development of complex socio-economic systems are based on complex research carried out by the authors.
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Istomin, Evgeniy, Evgeniy Istomin, Alexander Sokolov, Alexander Sokolov, Anna Fokicheva, Anna Fokicheva, Ludmila Slesareva, Ludmila Slesareva, Николай Попов, and Nikolay Popov. "THE MANAGEMENT OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL RISKS IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS OF COASTAL AREAS." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b948ec361a9.97964921.
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The article considers the problems of functioning and development of complex socio-economic systems of coastal areas in unstable weather-climatic conditions. It is known that the characteristics of the spatial organization of economy of coastal zones are defined industrial and trade specialization and tourism potential of the area It is shown that socio-economic systems are subject to a number of factors, including weather and climatic conditions, which can have both positive and negative effects on economic potential. development of the coastal areas. The density distribution and the economic activities should be considered. The classification of risks of socio - economic systems of coastal areas, due to the influence of hydrometeorological conditions are described. The need to incorporate the tasks of risk management function and the development of spatial distributed systems in the concept of integrated coastal zone management is justified. The model of management of hydrometeorological risks in the system "territory - economy - natural environment" in the space-time dimension is developed. Proposed methods of solving the problems of functioning and development of complex socio-economic systems are based on complex research carried out by the authors.
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Martínez, Antonio, Alejandro Liberos, Jose M. Monzo, Marcos Martinez, Jorge Daniel Martinez, and Rafael Gadea. "From specialized to core course in Telecommunications degree: Experiences from digital electronic design and verification." In INNODOCT 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2019.2019.10133.
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The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) defines the competences for professional practice of a Telecommunications Engineer. The School of Telecommunication Engineering of the Universitat Politècnica de València (Valencia, Spain) provides an integrated education program consisting of a Graduate (GITST) + Master (MUIT). The GITST course offers four specialization tracks: Electronics, Telematics, Communication Systems and Multimedia for the proper acquisition of knowledge and competences of the future Telecommunications Engineers. In 2018, the graduate program has implemented a structural change in the organization of subjects for reinforcing important skills, in which a course on digital electronics design and verification (Integration of Digital Systems, ISDIGI) has been transformed into a core subject of the study plan. In this paper, we describe the methodology and adaptation of ISDIGI (i.e. a project-based learning intermediate HDL course that includes design and verification abilities) to the new GITST Curriculum. In addition, this paper describes the process of moving from specialized to core subject.
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Sysoeva, N. M. "THE ROLE OF TRANSBAIKALIA IN THE FAR EASTERN MACROREGION." In SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN EAST: NEW CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC GUIDELINES. Khabarovsk: KSUEL Editorial and Publishing Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0746-2-2021-87-93.
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The object of the study is the regions of Transbaikalia joined the Far Eastern Federal District, through which the main connecting infrastructure of the macroregion with the main territory of the country passes. The purpose of the paper is to show the position of Transbaikalia in the system of the emerging economic corridor China-Mongolia-Russia as a part of China's foreign policy initiative "One Belt - One Road" by analyzing the impact of foreign investment on its current economic situation. This corridor will facilitate the access of Chinese companies to the resources of Siberia and the Far East, enhancing the resource specialization of the area. At the same time, the geostrategic functions of the Trans-Baikal territory, given to it by the new Spatial Strategy of the Russian Federation, require strengthening its own economic potential through the development and diversification of the local economy and horizontal ties between the subjects of the macroregion.
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Domingo Calabuig, Débora, and Laura Lizondo Sevilla. "UNI-HERITAGE. European Postwar Universities Heritage: A Network for Open Regeneration." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10255.
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This research project aims at the regeneration of European universities created in the 60s and 70s through a systematic, circular, open and integrated process of their cultural heritage. At present, these campuses represent both a tangible and intangible heritage (architecture, urban planning, landscape… but also pedagogy, specialization areas, educational policies) whose adaptation to contemporaneity involves issues related to environmental sustainability, to the institution organizational capacities, and to its social implication. Specifically, this proposal aims at lines of action that would offer strategies such as the renewal of infrastructures and services and the adaptive reuse of the built heritage (space recycling, sustainability), the updating of the physical teaching spaces to the new teaching methodologies (European Higher Education Area), and the campus social consideration as a comfortable, conflict-safe and cultural-integrated area. Beyond the simple conservation, restoration and physical rehabilitation of a set of buildings and a university fabric, this project has the added value of an integrated or interdisciplinary action model that seeks four aspects of innovation: the organizational, the formative, the technological and social. This research proposes to ensure a longer life cycle for the heritage through its participation as a resource in the dynamics of regeneration of the universities.
Reports on the topic "Area specialization"
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Frisancho, Verónica, and Martín Valdivia. Savings Groups Reduce Vulnerability, but Have Mixed Effects on Financial Inclusion. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002910.
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This paper evaluates the impact of the introduction of savings groups on poverty, vulnerability, and financial inclusion outcomes in rural Peru. Using a cluster randomized control trial and relying on both survey and administrative records, we investigate the impact of savings groups after more than two years of exposure. We find t hat savings groups channel expensive investments such as housing improvements and reduce households' vulnerability to idiosyncratic shocks, particularly among households in poorer districts. The treatment also induces changes in households labor allocation choices: access to savings groups increases female labor market participation and, in poorer areas, it fosters greater specialization in agricultural activities. Access to savings groups also leads to a four-percentage point increase in access to credit among women, mainly driven by access to the groups loans. However, the introduction of savings groups has no impact on the likelihood of using formal financial services.On the contrary, it discourages access to loans from formal financial institutions and microfinance lenders among the unbanked.