Journal articles: 'Area specialization'

1

Embick, D., A. Marantz, Y. Miyashita, W. O'Neil, and K. L. Sakai. "A syntactic specialization for Broca's area." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, no. 11 (May 16, 2000): 6150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.100098897.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Viitanen, Elina, Lauri Kokkinen, and Hannu Puolijoki. "Hospital management teams – reflections on organizational and medical specialization cultures." Journal of Hospital Administration 5, no. 1 (November 30, 2015): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v5n1p90.

Full text

Abstract:

Although hospital management is studied in several branches of science, scarcity of studies investigating management team work in hospitals exist. The purpose of this paper was to study managers’ understanding concerning the role of management team work in specialized health care, as well as management team work methods within the different activity areas in a hospital and in the operational units within their domain. A total of 54 interviews of activity area managers and operational unit managers in one Finnish hospital district in 2007-2008 was analyzed using data-driven content analysis. Work of all management teams focused on financial and operative issues. However, different management teams used different working methods, which implicates the existence of medical specialization-specific work subcultures within a shared organizational culture. The psychiatric activity area appeared the most active and the most future-oriented, whereas the activity area of operative specializations seemed the most defensive, and the activity area of conservative specializations was businesslike and unfocused as regards the future. These differences were portrayed in the teams’ inner dynamics and interaction practices. Activity area work methods did not directly transfer to those of the unit-level management teams. We conclude that management teams may not be optimally used as a forum for strategic issues or innovation throughout hospital organizations and more research is needed in order to better understand the connections between management team work, organizational culture and medical specialization culture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Wang, Chee Keng John, Leonard Tan, and Eugene I. Dairianathan. "Achievement Goals, Implicit Theories, and Intrinsic Motivation: A Test of Domain Specificity Across Music, Visual Art, and Sports." Journal of Research in Music Education 66, no. 3 (June 25, 2018): 320–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429418784563.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to test the domain specificity of achievement goals across music, visual art, and sports specializations, as measured by Elliot’s 2 × 2 achievement goal framework. Participants in the study were 103 volunteer student teachers from a teacher training institute in Singapore specializing in music, visual art, and physical education. Data were collected via self-report questionnaires that included measures of (a) the 2 × 2 achievement goal orientation constructs; (b) incremental and entity beliefs among the participants in music, visual art, and sports; and (c) participants’ enjoyment, perceived competence, effort, and tension while being engaged in music, visual art, and sports. MANOVA analyses indicated that (a) achievement goals are domain-specific and are highest in participants’ area of specialization; (b) implicit theories can be generalized across the three specializations, with higher incremental beliefs than entity beliefs reported across all specializations; and (c) enjoyment was highest for those who specialized in that particular area. Finally, mastery-approach goals positively predicted enjoyment in each specialization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Bastian, Kevin C., and C. Kevin Fortner. "Is Less More? Subject-Area Specialization and Outcomes in Elementary Schools." Education Finance and Policy 15, no. 2 (March 2020): 357–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00278.

Full text

Abstract:

Whereas subject-area specialization is common practice in secondary grades, little is known about its incidence and impact in elementary schools. In this study we use data from North Carolina elementary schools to assess which teachers specialize and estimate whether specialization is associated with teacher effectiveness and school achievement. We find that specialization is prevalent in upper-elementary grades—approximately 25 percent of fourth-grade teachers and 37 percent of fifth-grade teachers specialize—and schools assign relatively more effective teachers to specialize. Analyses indicate that specialization is not leading to its theorized benefits in mathematics and reading. Teachers are less effective than they were before specializing and school-level achievement is not associated with more specialization. However, science results suggest benefits to subject-area specialization. These findings question the use of specialization in elementary grades but invite continued research to more fully assess its impact.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Issa, Ahmed Idris, Mukhtar Adeola Ibrahim, Amos Ochayi Onojah, and Adenike Aderogba Onojah. "Undergraduates’ Attitude towards the Utilization of Open Educational Resources for Learning." International Journal of Technology in Education and Science 4, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.v4i3.105.

Full text

Abstract:

This study investigated Undergraduates’ Attitude towards the utilization of OER among Undergraduates and the influence of gender and area of specialization on their attitude towards the use. The study adopted a descriptive method of the quantitative research. 3 research questions were developed and answered. 398 respondents were randomly sampled from 3 purposively selected area of specializations. Frequency counts, percentage, rank order and mean were used to answer research questions 1 to 3. The findings of the study were: Undergraduates have a positive attitude towards utilization of OER for learning; There was difference between male and female undergraduates’ attitude towards the utilization of OER for learning in favor of male undergraduates; and There were no significance differences among undergraduates based on Area of Specialization. The study concluded that students have a positive attitude towards use of OER for learning. The research recommends that institutions should endeavor to create their own OERs where students can access anytime and anywhere.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

W.S.K, Fernando, Jayasekara M.K.V.R, Sumanarathne W.G.G.M.J, Senevirathne H.B.M.C, Pathirana G.Y, and Weerarathna R.S. "Factors Affecting the Selection of Human Resources Management as an Area of Specialization: A Conceptual Model." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v11i1.18102.

Full text

Abstract:

In modern times, the trends in students’ choice of specialization in the bachelor’s degree are changing rapidly. Therefore, this research study attempts to build a conceptual framework to uncover the relationship between students’ choice of specialization in Human Resources Management (HRM) and the factors that influence students’ decision making when selecting the area of specialization. This concept paper examines the independent variables (influential factors) which impact the selection of HRM as an area of specialization. The conceptualization supports the theoretical framework created to identify the personal factors, academic factors and social factors which lead to the selection of the area of specialization. The primary importance of this paper is that the conceptual framework can be used in other countries for academic purposes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Reys, Robert E., Barbara J. Reys, and Jeffrey C. Shih. "Where Are the Special Niches in Doctoral Programs in Mathematics Education in the United States?" Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 52, no. 3 (May 2021): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc-2020-0029.

Full text

Abstract:

Some people pursuing a doctorate in mathematics education are interested in specializing in a specific area within mathematics education. In addition, people considering postdoctoral appointments often choose institutions that have niches or specializations aligned with their long-term career goals. These specialty areas are typically the result of the foci of specific faculty members who are active in research and scholarship and have gained broad recognition for their work. This brief report offers information about specific areas of specialization within doctoral programs in mathematics education in the United States that are recognized by peer faculty at other doctoral institutions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Lonsdale, Richard E. "The Decline in Foreign-Area Specialization in Geography Doctoral Work." Journal of Geography 85, no. 1 (January 1986): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221348608978995.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Azcona, Nestor. "Specialization and Business Cycle Co-Movement in the Euro Area." Atlantic Economic Journal 47, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11293-019-09618-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Zuzańska-Żyśko, Elżbieta, and Marlena Dyszy. "Dynamic Villages in the Hinterland of a Polycentric Region: Case Study of the Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolis in Poland." Land 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080779.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines the growth of the labour market and entrepreneurship in a metropolitan area. In particular, the study attempts to answer how the economy of the rural regions is developing in the hinterland of a large urban complex in Southern Poland, which is transforming from a post-industrial conurbation into a metropolitan area. The study applied Florence’s local specialization index, statistical measures, dynamics indexes, and Pearson’s correlation index. The research results show that the local economy, including the labour market, is systematically growing. Rural communes refer to multifunctional development based on services, and they represent diverse economic specializations. They are subject to economies of scale and benefit from the proximity and impact of a large urban complex. The economic growth of rural areas in the hinterland is related to entrepreneurship, convenient location in relation to cities, and migration from cities to villages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Zheng, Zane Z. "The Functional Specialization of the Planum Temporale." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 6 (December 2009): 3079–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00434.2009.

Full text

Abstract:

The planum temporale (PT) is an anatomically heterogeneous area with several architectonic subdivisions and extensive connections with other parts of the brain. Here I review a functional MRI study investigating the role of a functionally defined area (Spt) within the left PT in speech motor processing and discuss the functional properties of PT regions in the context of findings from recent neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Dias Neto, David, Sónia Figueiredo, Constança Biscaia, Maria João Barros, Ricardo Barroso, and Filipa Fernandes. "Routes for Specialization in Psychology throughout Europe." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10010007.

Full text

Abstract:

The specialization of psychology helps to delineate fields in the practice of psychology. When establishing professional qualification criteria, associations seek to promote, in their members, scientific skills and knowledge considered fundamental for the practice of psychology in a given area. The present study reports on a survey of the member associations of the European Federation of Psychologists Associations (EFPA). The survey inquired about: (a) the initial requisites for entering the profession and (b) additional requisites for specialization. Of the 37 associations contacted, 14 replied and we retrieved the information of 12 associations from their official websites. The results indicate that specialization is widespread throughout Europe and is independent of the regulation of the profession. In almost half of the countries considered, the specialization process is completed in universities—it is frequently associated with the postgraduate level of the EuroPsy—and relies on conventional learning methods. The number of existing specialties in psychology is very high, but the traditional areas (clinical and health, education, and social/organizational) are more prevalent. The results are discussed in light of the advantages, but also the challenges posed by the specialization in psychology. A continuous model of the specialization of psychology is proposed with two stages: broad and advanced psychology areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Polk, Thad A., Matthew Stallcup, Geoffrey K. Aguirre, David C. Alsop, Mark D'Esposito, John A. Detre, and Martha J. Farah. "Neural Specialization for Letter Recognition." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892902317236803.

Full text

Abstract:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to estimate neural activity while subjects viewed strings of consonants, digits, and shapes. An area on or near the left fusiform gyrus was found that responded significantly more to letters than digits. Similar results were obtained when consonants were used whose visual features were matched with the digits and when an active matching task was used, suggesting that the results cannot be easily attributed to artifacts of the stimuli or task. These results demonstrate that neural specialization in the human brain can extend to a category of stimuli that is culturally defined and that is acquired many years postnatally.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Kuśmierek, Paweł, and Josef P. Rauschecker. "Functional Specialization of Medial Auditory Belt Cortex in the Alert Rhesus Monkey." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 3 (September 2009): 1606–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00167.2009.

Full text

Abstract:

Responses of neural units in two areas of the medial auditory belt (middle medial area [MM] and rostral medial area [RM]) were tested with tones, noise bursts, monkey calls (MC), and environmental sounds (ES) in microelectrode recordings from two alert rhesus monkeys. For comparison, recordings were also performed from two core areas (primary auditory area [A1] and rostral area [R]) of the auditory cortex. All four fields showed cochleotopic organization, with best (center) frequency [BF(c)] gradients running in opposite directions in A1 and MM than in R and RM. The medial belt was characterized by a stronger preference for band-pass noise than for pure tones found medially to the core areas. Response latencies were shorter for the two more posterior (middle) areas MM and A1 than for the two rostral areas R and RM, reaching values as low as 6 ms for high BF(c) in MM and A1, and strongly depended on BF(c). The medial belt areas exhibited a higher selectivity to all stimuli, in particular to noise bursts, than the core areas. An increased selectivity to tones and noise bursts was also found in the anterior fields; the opposite was true for highly temporally modulated ES. Analysis of the structure of neural responses revealed that neurons were driven by low-level acoustic features in all fields. Thus medial belt areas RM and MM have to be considered early stages of auditory cortical processing. The anteroposterior difference in temporal processing indices suggests that R and RM may belong to a different hierarchical level or a different computational network than A1 and MM.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Fox, Peter T. "Broca's area: Motor encoding in somatic space." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 2 (June 1995): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00038760.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractEncoding articulate speech is widely accepted as the principal (or sole) role of the frontal operculum. Clinical observations of speech apraxia have been confirmed by brain-imaging studies of speech production. We present evidence that the frontal operculum also programs limb movements. We argue that this area is a ventral counterpart of the dorsal premotor area. The two are functionally distinguished by specialization for somatic and visual space, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Bakhtiari, Shahab, and Christopher C. Pack. "Functional specialization in the middle temporal area for smooth pursuit initiation." MNI Open Research 2 (October 31, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/mniopenres.12806.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Smooth pursuit eye movements have frequently been used to model sensorimotor transformations in the brain. In particular, the initiation phase of pursuit can be understood as a transformation of a sensory estimate of target velocity into an eye rotation. Despite careful laboratory controls on the stimulus conditions, pursuit eye movements are frequently observed to exhibit considerable trial-to-trial variability. In theory, this variability can be caused by the variability in sensory representation of target motion, or by the variability in the transformation of sensory information to motor commands. Previous work has shown that neural variability in the middle temporal (MT) area is likely propagated to the oculomotor command, and there is evidence to suggest that the magnitude of this variability is sufficient to account for the variability of pursuit initiation. This line of reasoning presumes that the MT population is homogeneous with respect to its contribution to pursuit initiation. At the same time, there is evidence that pursuit initiation is strongly linked to a subpopulation of MT neurons (those with strong surround suppression) that collectively generate less motor variability. To distinguish between these possibilities, we have combined human psychophysics, monkey electrophysiology, and computational modeling to examine how the pursuit system reads out the MT population during pursuit initiation. We find that the psychophysical data are best accounted for by a model that gives stronger weight to surround-suppressed MT neurons, suggesting that variability in the initiation of pursuit could arise from multiple sources along the sensorimotor transformation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Bakhtiari, Shahab, and Christopher C. Pack. "Functional specialization in the middle temporal area for smooth pursuit initiation." MNI Open Research 2 (March 18, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/mniopenres.12806.2.

Full text

Abstract:

Smooth pursuit eye movements have frequently been used to model sensorimotor transformations in the brain. In particular, the initiation phase of pursuit can be understood as a transformation of a sensory estimate of target velocity into an eye rotation. Despite careful laboratory controls on the stimulus conditions, pursuit eye movements are frequently observed to exhibit considerable trial-to-trial variability. In theory, this variability can be caused by the variability in sensory representation of target motion, or by the variability in the transformation of sensory information to motor commands. Previous work has shown that neural variability in the middle temporal (MT) area is likely propagated to the oculomotor command, and there is evidence to suggest that the magnitude of this variability is sufficient to account for the variability of pursuit initiation. This line of reasoning presumes that the MT population is homogeneous with respect to its contribution to pursuit initiation. At the same time, there is evidence that pursuit initiation is strongly linked to a subpopulation of MT neurons (those with strong surround suppression) that collectively generate less motor variability. To distinguish between these possibilities, we have combined human psychophysics, monkey electrophysiology, and computational modeling to examine how the pursuit system reads out the MT population during pursuit initiation. We find that the psychophysical data are best accounted for by a model that gives stronger weight to surround-suppressed MT neurons, suggesting that variability in the initiation of pursuit could arise from multiple sources along the sensorimotor transformation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Harmer, Aaron M. T., and Marie E. Herberstein. "Functional diversity of ladder-webs: moth specialization or optimal area use?" Journal of Arachnology 38, no. 1 (April 2010): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/hi09-46.1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

PLOTKIN, JOSHUA B., MATTHEW D. POTTS, NANDI LESLIE, N. MANOKARAN, JAMES LAFRANKIE, and PETER S. ASHTON. "Species-area Curves, Spatial Aggregation, and Habitat Specialization in Tropical Forests." Journal of Theoretical Biology 207, no. 1 (November 2000): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2000.2158.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Gilbert, Sam J., Stephanie Spengler, Jon S. Simons, J. Douglas Steele, Stephen M. Lawrie, Christopher D. Frith, and Paul W. Burgess. "Functional Specialization within Rostral Prefrontal Cortex (Area 10): A Meta-analysis." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 6 (June 2006): 932–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.6.932.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the least well understood regions of the human brain is rostral prefrontal cortex, approximating Brodmann's area 10. Here, we investigate the possibility that there are functional subdivisions within this region by conducting a meta-analysis of 104 functional neuroimaging studies (using positron emission tomography/functional magnetic resonance imaging). Studies involving working memory and episodic memory retrieval were disproportionately associated with lateral activations, whereas studies involving mentalizing (i.e., attending to one's own emotions and mental states or those of other agents) were disproportionately associated with medial activations. Functional variation was also observed along a rostral-caudal axis, with studies involving mentalizing yielding relatively caudal activations and studies involving multiple-task coordination yielding relatively rostral activations. A classification algorithm was trained to predict the task, given the coordinates of each activation peak. Performance was well above chance levels (74% for the three most common tasks; 45% across all eight tasks investigated) and generalized to data not included in the training set. These results point to considerable functional segregation within rostral prefrontal cortex.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Yom, Sean. "Comparative Politics and Area Specialization: The Hidden Costs of Analytic Transparency." Chinese Political Science Review 1, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 489–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41111-016-0034-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Zygar, Carol A., Marc J. Lee, and Russell D. Fernald. "Nasotemporal asymmetry during teleost retinal growth: preserving an area of specialization." Journal of Neurobiology 41, no. 3 (November 15, 1999): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4695(19991115)41:3<435::aid-neu11>3.0.co;2-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Hwa-sung, Song, and Yun Ja-Yon. "Application of the Concept of Specialization in the Area of Culture Tourism: Case of Suwon Hwaseog Visitors." Journal of Tourism Sciences 39, no. 6 (August 31, 2015): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17086/jts.2015.39.5.185.203.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Constantinescu-Aruxandei and Oancea. "Process Intensification on Circular Bioeconomy—A Practical Approach." Proceedings 29, no. 1 (October 17, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019029090.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Mahony, Daniel F., and Brenda G. Pitts. "Research Outlets in Sport Marketing: The Need for Increased Specialization." Journal of Sport Management 12, no. 4 (October 1998): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.12.4.259.

Full text

Abstract:

While Weese recently recommended that JSM and NASSM become more practitioner-oriented, Cuneen and Parks argued that JSM and NASSM need to maintain a more theoretically-oriented approach. Further, Cuneen and Parks agreed with Weese's suggestion that a new practitioner-oriented journal could be developed in order to meet the current needs of practitioners and to provide opportunities for both types of research. The authors of this paper would like to go further and suggest that it is important to allow for both types of research within the various content areas. However, despite the popularity of sport marketing in North America, there is currently only one practitioner-oriented journal specializing in this area. The authors of this paper believe that there is an immediate need for a theoretical sport marketing journal that, together with the Sport Marketing Quarterly, will contribute to the development of this content area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Watanuki, Yutaka, Akinori Takahashi, and Katsufumi Sato. "Feeding area specialization of chick-rearing Adélie Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae in a fast sea-ice area." Ibis 145, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-919x.2003.00165.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Bąk, Henryk, and Sebastian Maciejewski. "Endogeneity and Specialization in the European Monetary Union." International Journal of Management and Economics 46, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 7–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijme-2015-0020.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract There has been a broad discussion about the viability of the European Monetary Union (EMU) in its present and prospective confines. Generally, the EMU, consisting of 19 countries, is not considered an optimal currency area due to low labor market flexibility, autonomous fiscal policies, and structural differences among its members. Considerations about the endogeneity effect of currency unions lead to the question whether the EMU will become more viable over time. According to the endogenity hypothesis formulated by Frankel and Rose [1996, 2000], a common currency area may gradually become an optimal currency area at some future point (ex post unification), despite not having been an optimal currency area (OCA) prior to (ex ante) currency unification. Currency unification should bring about increased intra-industry trade and greater business cycle synchronization among member states. The most recent literature and analyses presented in this paper suggest that the endogenity effect in the EMU has been frail since its onset. While real convergence between EMU member states has not advanced, divergence in i.a. economic structures, national income and productivity levels is observed. The most important economic mechanisms reinforcing convergence and divergence among monetary union members are presented in this paper. Using recent data and related research results, we show a significant divergence in economic structures, business cycle synchronization and productivity levels among Eurozone members in the last decade. The Krugman sectorial dissimilarity index is applied to measure changes in industrial similarity among member countries and the Hodrick-Prescott filter to estimate business cycle synchronization in the EMU. These divergence tendencies have been strengthened by the global financial crisis of 2008 and persist, calling for reforms and new policies within the EMU.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Martini, Barbara, and Marco Platania. "Analyzing Resilience in Local Labor Market Areas: A Spatial Analysis for the Case of Italy." Applied Economics Quarterly: Volume 65, Issue 3 65, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/aeq.65.3.189.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The aim of the paper is to analyse if and in which way specialization, geographical localization and spill-over effects affect resilience. The research is carried out using LLMAs (Local Labor Market Areas) as observational unit and spatial data analysis techniques (Anselin 1999, LeSage & Pace, 2009) in Italy. Resilience literature focalized its attention on regions. Despite this, there is no general agreement regarding the most appropriate observation unit. Our aim is not only to investigate the relationship between specialization and resilience at smaller scale using the LLMAs as observation unit but also to explore the spatial relationship among them. Results highlight a strong spatial correlation among LLMAs. As consequence resilience is not only influenced by specialization but also by geographical localization through spill-over effects. JEL Classifications: R10, R12, C23, C33 Spatial analysis; Resilience; Labor Market Area; Italy

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Rinayanti, Rinayanti, and Riatu Mariatul Qibthiyyah. "Indonesia Local Industry Structure and Firms Productivity in Industrial Area." Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi 10, no. 1 (March 14, 2021): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v10i1.17197.

Full text

Abstract:

Using three industry structure indices: specialization, diversification, and competition, we explore how local industry structure may affect firm productivity in the industrial estates. Based on unbalanced panel data of large and medium-sized industrial firms in Indonesia during 2010-2015, our study found that local industry structure influences firm productivity, measured as total factor productivity (TFP). The effect differs between firms outside the industrial estate and firms in the industrial estate. Specialization decreases the productivity of both firms in the industrial estate and outside. Diversification has a positive effect on increasing firm productivity in the industrial estate. As for firms outside the industrial estate, diversification has a negative effect, but the effect is less significant. Meanwhile, local industry competition has a positive and significant effect on firm productivity outside the industrial estate, but the effect is not significant for firms within the industrial estate. Empirically, firms in industrial estates may only benefit from a diversified local industry structure.JEL Classification: D24, L52, R10How to Cite:Rinayanti., & Qibthiyyah, R. M. (2021). Indonesia Local Industry Structure and Firms Productivity in Industrial Area. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 10(1), 93-112. doi: http://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v10i1.17197.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Romanus, Robin N., John J. Maher, and Damon M. Fleming. "Auditor Industry Specialization, Auditor Changes, and Accounting Restatements." Accounting Horizons 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 389–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2008.22.4.389.

Full text

Abstract:

SYNOPSIS: The increasing occurrence of accounting restatements has drawn considerable attention from regulators, audit firms, and corporate boards concerning audit and financial statement quality. Research suggests that auditor industry specialization is associated with improved error detection and greater financial statement quality. We examine the impact of auditor industry specialization on a sample of restatement and nonrestatement firms and find that auditor industry specialization is negatively associated with the likelihood of accounting restatement. In addition, focusing on the subset of restatement firms, we find that auditor industry specialization reduces the likelihood of issuing restatements affecting core operating accounts, suggesting that industry specialization adds value in auditing a particularly critical area of the firms’ continuing operations. Finally, we find changing from a nonspecialist to a specialist auditor increases the likelihood of restatement, and changing from a specialist to a nonspecialist reduces the likelihood of restatement. Our findings are consistent with industry specialization enhancing auditors’ role in improving the quality of the financial reporting process, particularly related to the core operations of their clients.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

CARMONA, JUAN. "Sharecropping and livestock specialization in France, 1830–1930." Continuity and Change 21, no. 2 (August 2006): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416006005996.

Full text

Abstract:

Historians of sharecropping in France have usually emphasized its negative effects on growth and on the workers' welfare. However, from about 1840 the regions of central and western France, regions where sharecroppers were especially numerous, were also areas that saw great improvements and the specialization in commercial livestock. As the author shows, landowners from these areas used sharecropping contracts in order both to seize the opportunities given by the potential scale economies in livestock rearing and to take advantage of family labour at a time of increasing wages. After presenting some basic data regarding sharecropping contracts, the second section is intended to describe the improvements in livestock farming in the area under sharecropping after 1840 and the contribution of landowners. Section III offers an explanation of why landowners preferred sharecropping to fixed-rent contracts. Three causes in particular are identified: (i) a lack of physical and human capital sufficient to allow potential farmers to engage in large scale farming; (ii) the contribution of landlord managerial expertise; and (iii) the fact that the complexity of mixed farming required a quality of work that would have been too expensive with wage labour. In a final section the ways in which the success of sharecropping minimized transaction costs are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

SHIPP, STEWART, and SEMIR ZEKI. "The functional organization of area V2, I: Specialization across stripes and layers." Visual Neuroscience 19, no. 2 (March 2002): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523802191164.

Full text

Abstract:

We used qualitative tests to assess the sensitivity of 1043 V2 neurons (predominantly multiunits) in anesthetised macaque monkeys to direction, length, orientation, and color of moving bar stimuli. Spectral sensitivity was additionally tested by noting ON or OFF responses to flashed stimuli of varied size and color. The location of 649 units was identified with respect to cycles of cytochrome oxidase stripes (thick-inter-thin-inter) and cortical layer. We used an initial 8-way stripe classification (4 stripes, and 4 “marginal” zones at interstripes boundaries), and a 9-way layer classification (5 standard layers (2–6), and 4 “marginal” strata at layer boundaries). These classes were collapsed differently for particular analyses of functional distribution; the main stripe-by-layer analysis was performed on 18 compartments (3 stripes × 6 layers). We found direction sensitivity only within thick stripes, orientation sensitivity mainly in thick stripes and interstripes, and spectral sensitivity mainly in thin stripes. Positive length summation was relatively more frequent in thick stripes and interstripes, and negative length/size summation in thin stripes. All these “majority” characteristics of stripes were most prominent in layers 3A and 3B. By contrast, “minority” characteristics (e.g. spectral sensitivity in thick stripes; positive size summation in thin stripes) tended to be most frequent in the outer layers, that is, layers 2 and 6. In consequence, going by the four functions tested, the distinctions between stripes were maximal in layer 3, moderate in layer 2, and minimal in layer 6.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Parming, Tönu. "“Baltic studies:” The emergence, development, and problematics of an area studies specialization." Journal of Baltic Studies 18, no. 2 (June 1987): 133–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01629778700000031.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Antonioli, Davide, Claudio Di Berardino, and Gianni Onesti. "Specialization and KIBS in the Euro area: a vertically integrated sector perspective." International Review of Applied Economics 34, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 267–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2019.1708278.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Jackson, Eugene, and Constance Ahrons. "The Relationship of Practice Area Specialization and Interpersonal Effectiveness to Emotional Sensitivity." Journal of Social Work Education 21, no. 1 (January 1985): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10437797.1985.10671695.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Kądalska, Ewa, Halina Żmuda-Trzebiatowska, and Katarzyna Pawłowska. "The importance of specialization training and opportunities to utilize the qualifications of specialists in long-term care nursing to improve the quality of nursing care of chronically and terminally ill patients." Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pielxxiw-2016-0002.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractAim of the Study. To analyse the usefulness of specialization training in the area of long-term care nursing as well as the possibilities to make use of the acquired qualifications – in the opinion of the specialists in this area.Material and Methodology. The questionnaire survey was conducted among 162 specialists in long-term care nursing.Results. The majority of respondents considered the specialization training as useful (91.4%) and meeting their expectations (83.9%). As the result of obtained specialization, they perform their work with patients better (67.9%), demonstrate expertise and proficiency as well as high degree of efficiency (67.3%). Some of them exercise their right to independent provision of healthcare services, predominantly the assessment of the patient’s level of consciousness with the use of methods and classifications (75.7%), physical examination (61.2%), oxygen therapy (55.3%), and definitely less often – referral to diagnostic tests (20.4%).Conclusions. Completion of a specialization training in the area of long-term care nursing brings satisfaction and professional prestige to specialists, results in increased professional independence and improvement in the quality of provided care. However, high qualifications of this professional group are underutilized.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Montiglio, Pierre-Olivier, Caterina Ferrari, and Denis Réale. "Social niche specialization under constraints: personality, social interactions and environmental heterogeneity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1618 (May 19, 2013): 20120343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0343.

Full text

Abstract:

Several personality traits are mainly expressed in a social context, and others, which are not restricted to a social context, can be affected by the social interactions with conspecifics. In this paper, we focus on the recently proposed hypothesis that social niche specialization (i.e. individuals in a population occupy different social roles) can explain the maintenance of individual differences in personality. We first present ecological and social niche specialization hypotheses. In particular, we show how niche specialization can be quantified and highlight the link between personality differences and social niche specialization. We then review some ecological factors (e.g. competition and environmental heterogeneity) and the social mechanisms (e.g. frequency-dependent, state-dependent and social awareness) that may be associated with the evolution of social niche specialization and personality differences. Finally, we present a conceptual model and methods to quantify the contribution of ecological factors and social mechanisms to the dynamics between personality and social roles. In doing so, we suggest a series of research objectives to help empirical advances in this research area. Throughout this paper, we highlight empirical studies of social niche specialization in mammals, where available.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Chang, Ari, and Yeon-Sook Hwang. "A Study on the Area Planning of Data Area and Reading Area and User Satisfaction in Subject Specialization of University Libraries." Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal 23, no. 5 (October 31, 2014): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14774/jkiid.2014.23.5.157.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Zalutskyy, Ivan. "Institutional and legal principles of smart specialization implementing in Ukraine." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 5(139) (2019): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2019-5-1.

Full text

Abstract:

The article analyzes scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept «smart-specialization». It investigates the specifics of smart specialization in the European Union (EU). National/regional innovation strategies for smart specialization RIS3 must be based on four «Cs» smart specialization principles – Tough Choices and Critical mass; Competitive Advantage; Connectivity and Clusters; Collaborative Leadership. The article emphasizes «the entrepreneurial discovery process» which includes entrepreneurial actors, researchers and the remainder of society as innovation users in addition to public administration. The reasonability of defining the term «smart specialization» in the Law of Ukraine «On Innovation Activity» as innovative approach aimed at realization of unique combination by state planning documents of competitive advantages of corresponding area and innovation development activity. To realize planning strategy for regional development in Ukraine on smart specialization principles, this article proposes to amend: the Law of Ukraine «On the Priority Directions of Innovation Activity in Ukraine» (Article 4), which should establish the Strategic Priority Directions of Innovation Activity in 2021-2030 for national, sectoral and regional stages as a basis for state-funded priorities under state planning documents on smart specialization; the Law of Ukraine «On principles of State Regional Policy» with specification of state regional policy priorities on state, regional and local stages; European smart specialization practices; determining exclusively by this Law of the algorithm of design, coherence, approval and implementing of State Strategy for Regional Development, regional and local strategies for development on smart specialization principles; compiling of a publicly available national multistage info-analytical platform for electronic verification of state planning documents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Zikria, Virda. "Area Analysis of Commodity and Contribution of Coffee to Regional Development in Central Aceh Regency." Jurnal Social Economic of Agriculture 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/j.sea.v9i2.42966.

Full text

Abstract:

Coffee is one of commodities that has important role in the national economy in generating foreign exchange, providing employment and industrial raw materials. This study aims to identify the base areas for coffee production and the role of coffee in supporting regional development in Central Aceh Regency. The data used are secondary data for the time period 2015-2019. The data analysis method used are the location quotient analysis, locality, specialization, basic service ratio analysis and regional multiplier. The results showed that the coffee base areas based on production indicators in Central Aceh Regency were all district in Central Aceh Regency except Silih Nara District. Arabica coffee commodity farming is not localized and concentrated in one particular district but spreads in several districts and does not specialize in coffee commodity farming. Coffee farming is able to support regional development activities in Central Aceh Regency.Keywords: Coffee, Location quotient, Localization, Specialization

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Good, Gregory. "Magnetic World: The Historiography of an Inherently Complex Science, Geomagnetism, in The 20th Century." Earth Sciences History 26, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.26.2.12072212x1n53521.

Full text

Abstract:

The 20th century witnessed a succession of remarkable developments in the history of geomagnetic research. After 1900, geomagnetic researchers increased their activity as they adopted theories by C. F. Gauss and J. C. Maxwell and developed means to bridge the gulf between these theories and masses of data of global phenomena. This paper outlines three main streams in 20th-century geomagnetic research: investigations of processes deep inside the Earth that produce the main geomagnetic field, examinations of crustal magnetism, and research into processes on the edge of space, where Earth's magnetic field interacts with the interplanetary environment. This discussion places these research streams in the historiographic context of disciplinary specialization and transformation. In the early 20th century, geomagnetic researchers thought of their domain as all of Earth's magnetic and electric phenomena. In mid-century, however, many researchers began to narrow their gaze to one problem area or another. This specialization contributed to a period of dramatic developments in the latter half of the century: geodynamo theory, paleomagnetic evidence of plate tectonics, computer modeling of magnetic reversals, and discovery of the solar wind, radiation belts, and magnetic substorms. But there was more to this period than simple specialization. As researchers gradually shifted their research programs, their methods, instruments, and theories moved from one program to another, researchers sometimes going with them. Chameleons and opportunists frequently left one research program for another, more promising one. This paper closes with a discussion of the possibility of "re-connection" among these specializations, as researchers have begun once again to communicate across inter-field lines.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Cianciara, Dorota, Iwona Wrześniewska-Wal, and Anna Augustynowicz. "The role of laboratory diagnostics in public health." Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 54, no. 3 (September 20, 2018): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7717.

Full text

Abstract:

Public health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts of society. Public health is one of 14 specialization paths for laboratory diagnostics in Poland, but not very popular. Only 1.5% of all laboratory diagnosticians on the list maintained by KIDL have such a specialization. Currently, there are changes in the mode and rules in education of medical workers, including in the specialization program for laboratory diagnostics in the field of public health. The contemporary role of laboratory diagnostics in public health has been discussed, including structural changes in the specialization program and key skills of a public health worker. General principles of functioning of public health laboratories in the USA and directions of reforms were discussed. They can suggest the national direction in which the laboratory diagnostics should aim in the area of public health

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Nichols, Deborah L., Mary Jane McLaughlin, and Maura Benton. "PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION AND REGIONAL SPECIALIZATION." Ancient Mesoamerica 11, no. 2 (July 2000): 267–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095653610011106x.

Full text

Abstract:

Although textiles were important commodities in the Aztec political economy, it is widely held that textile production did not involve organized workshops. In the late 1960s, Charlton (1971, 1981) found a concentration of large spindle whorls at the Aztec city-state capital of Otumba that he interpreted as remains of a maguey-fiber workshop. A subsequent survey and surface collections made by the Otumba Project discovered additional concentrations of spindle whorls associated with fiber-processing tools and manufacturing debris that provide substantial evidence for organized maguey-fiber workshops at Otumba. An unusually large sample of more than 1,600 spindle whorls was recovered in surface collections from sites in the Aztec city-state of Otumba where both small cotton whorls and large maguey whorls occurred in low densities associated with concentrations of domestic pottery (and in some cases house-mound remnants). In the Aztec capital town of Otumba, maguey spindle whorls were also present in localized dense concentrations within a restricted area of the site. These concentrations also included molds for making spindle whorls, “wasters,” a high density of heavily worn obsidian blades and basalt scrapers used in fiber production, and obsidian scrapers. Based on the quantities and types of associated artifacts we argue that these concentrations represent remains of Late Aztec maguey-fiber workshops that were household based. The workshops processed maguey fibers and made maguey spindle whorls in a range of sizes for spinning thin and thick threads and cordage. Secondary craft activities in one workshop included making cotton spindle whorls and some lapidary and figurine manufacturing. Maguey-fiber processing, spinning, and, presumably, weaving also took place in rural villages, but evidence of organized workshops has only been found at the urban center. The growth of the maguey-fiber industry at Otumba during the Late Postclassic period was part of a broader economic trend of production intensification in the northeastern Basin of Mexico that included xerophytic plant cultivation and craft specialization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Fogel, Sondra J., and James R. Cook. "CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SCHOLARSHIP OF ENGAGEMENT AS AN AREA OF SPECIALIZATION FOR FACULTY." Journal of Social Work Education 42, no. 3 (September 2006): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5175/jswe.2006.200404146.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Seo Bo Weol. "A Specialization Aspect of Kinship terminology in a Lineage Village of Gyeongbuk Area." Korean Studies 1, no. 11 (December 2007): 143–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36093/ks.2007.1.11.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Cohen, Laurent, and Stanislas Dehaene. "Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area." NeuroImage 22, no. 1 (May 2004): 466–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.12.049.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Wilson, Tony W., Max J. Kurz, and David J. Arpin. "Functional specialization within the supplementary motor area: A fNIRS study of bimanual coordination." NeuroImage 85 (January 2014): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.112.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Hayes, T. L., and D. A. Lewis. "Anatomical Specialization of the Anterior Motor Speech Area: Hemispheric Differences in Magnopyramidal Neurons." Brain and Language 49, no. 3 (June 1995): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/brln.1995.1035.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Rabelo, Marya, Marta Debolini, Ricardo Villani, Tiziana Sabbatini, and Nicola Silvestri. "Expansion and Specialization of Agricultural Systems in Western Mediterranean Areas: A Global Analysis Based on the Two Last Census Data." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050904.

Full text

Abstract:

The study aims to describe and interpret the agricultural system dynamics on the Western Mediterranean areas in terms of occupied land and crop specialization, by using the available data from the two last agricultural censuses. From the spatial point of view, we chose to adopt the most detailed level available, by using the smallest land administrative unit (LAU) for every involved country (Spain, Portugal, France and Italy). The resulting database was made of about 16k records and seven fields for a total of 112k single data. The considered variables were: total farm area (TFA), utilized agricultural area (UAA), irrigated area (IA), arable lands (AL), permanent crops (PC), permanent grassland (PG) and remaining surface (RS). The LAU data analysis was carried out following the four steps: (i) level of land occupation by agricultural systems; (ii) patterns of crop groups in UAA composition; (iii) attribution to each LAU of an agricultural typology (AT), resulting from the combination of the two previous features and iv) calculation of two synthetic indices to evaluate the expansion and specialization level for each LAU. Finally, an analysis of the spatial distribution of the two indices was proposed. Results showed a lowering over time of the TFA, UAA and PG areas and an increase of IA and RS. The number of identified ATs was rising at the expense of their extension. This phenomenon led to a fragmentation in ATs spatial distribution within the same geographical region. These changes prove that farmers’ responses to the driving forces acting on agricultural systems have been more differentiated than in the past. The prevailing strategy seems to aim at a reduction in the level of specialization of the agricultural systems whereas less marked was the lowering of their level of expansion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Pangarso, R. Agung, R. Suharyadi, and R. Rijanta. "The Spatial Patterns and Local Economic Determinant of Industrial Agglomeration in Semarang District, Indonesia." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 6, no. 2 (April 7, 2020): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.6.2.99-112.

Full text

Abstract:

Urbanization creates opportunities for Indonesia, potentially to boost economic growth and create vibrant cities (metropolitan). Urbanization and agglomeration economies should be an important element in Indonesia‘s development as a mid-income country. Manufacturing industry becomes a dominant economic sector in metropolitan area such as Semarang that shows urbanization-industrialization relationship. Industrial agglomeration potentially induces socio-economic changes in the region. To prepare these changes, it is important to understand the spatial dynamics of agglomeration and predict its determinants locally. This paper aims to answer questions related to the spatial patterns and determinants of industrial agglomeration in Semarang Regency, a periphery of Semarang metropolitan. Nearest Neighbor Analysis is used to identify spatial patterns, followed by Ellison and Glaeser Index to measure agglomeration strength, and Specialization Index to measure industrial specialization. Geographically Weighted Regression is used to identify determinants of agglomeration. Analysis uses geographical database of Large and Medium Industries in 2016 and related sub-district based data. Result shows 11 of 21 sub-sectors of industries geographically form clustered (agglomerated) pattern. Six of them are strongly agglomerated (most localized). High specializations in these six sub-sectors occur in 14 sub-districts. Result obtains a significant spatial regression model explains the effect of independent variables simultaneously occurring in three sub-sectors: beverages; wearing apparel; wood and products of wood and cork, except furniture, articles of straw and plaiting materials. Partially, industrial agglomeration by three sub-sector’s specializations in sub-district level is determined by variables: industrial employment; vocational school; Gross Regional Domestic Product; population; arterial road; agricultural land availability; and agricultural households.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Area specialization'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles