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Guliyev, Ruslan. "Simulation study of areal sweep efficiency versus a function of mobility ratio and aspect ratio for staggered line-drive waterflood pattern." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86050.
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Pattern geometry plays a major role in determining oil recovery during waterflooding
and enhanced oil recovery operations. Although simulation is an important tool for
design and evaluation, the first step often involves rough calculations based upon areal
sweep efficiencies of displacements in homogeneous, two-dimensional, scaled, physical
models. These results are available as a function of the displacement pattern and the
mobility ratio M.
In this research I studied the effect of mobility ratios on five-spot and staggered
waterflood patterns behavior for areal (2D) displacement in a reservoir that is
homogeneous and isotropic containing no initial gas saturation. Simulation was
performed using Eclipse 100 simulator.
Simulation results are presented as graphs of areal sweep efficiency at breakthrough
versus Craig mobility ratio for various staggered line drive aspect ratios.
The main results of the study are presented in the form of a graph of areal sweep
efficiency at breakthrough as a function of staggered line drive aspect ratio. This should
enable engineers to utilize the results in a convenient manner.
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Proulx, Michèle. "The uranium mining industry of the Bancroft area, an environmental history and heritage assessment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21696.pdf.
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Yildirim, Ismail. "Surface Free Energy Characterization of Powders." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27525.
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Microcalorimetric measurements and contact angle measurements were conducted to study the surface chemistry of powdered minerals. The contact angle measurements were conducted on both flat and powdered talc samples, and the results were used to determine the surface free energy components using Van Oss-Chaudhury-Good (OCG) equation. It was found that the surface hydrophobicity of talc increases with decreasing particle size. At the same time, both the Lifshitz-van der Waals (gSLW) and the Lewis acid-base (gSAB) components (and, hence, the total surface free energy (gS)) decrease with decreasing particle size. The increase in the surface hydrophobicity and the decrease in surface free energy (gS) can be attributed to preferential breakage of the mineral along the basal plane, resulting in the exposure of more basal plane surfaces to the aqueous phase.
Heats of immersion measurements were conducted using a flow microcalorimeter on a number of powdered talc samples. The results were then used to calculate the contact angles using a rigorous thermodynamic relation. The measured heat of immersion values in water and calculated contact angles showed that the surface hydrophobicity of talc samples increase with decreasing particle size, which agrees with the direct contact angle measurements. A relationship between advancing water contact angle qa, and the heat of immersion (-DHi) and surface free energies was established. It was found that the value of -DHi decrease as qa increases.
The microcalorimetric and direct contact angle measurements showed that acid-base interactions play a crucial role in the interaction between talc and liquid. Using the Van Oss-Chaudhury-Goodâ s surface free energy components model, various talc powders were characterized in terms of their acidic and basic properties. It was found that the magnitude of the Lewis electron donor, gS-, and the Lewis electron acceptor, gS+, components of surface free energy is directly related to the particle size. The gS- of talc surface increased with decreasing particle size, while the gS+ slightly decreased. It was also found that the Lewis electron-donor component on talc surface is much higher than the Lewis electron-acceptor component, suggesting that the basal surface of talc is basic.
The heats of adsorption of butanol on various talc samples from n-heptane solution were also determined using a flow microcalorimeter. The heats of adsorption values were used to estimate % hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity and the areal ratios of the various talc samples. In addition, contact angle and heat of butanol adsorption measurements were conducted on a run-of-mine talc sample that has been ground to two different particle size fractions, i.e., d50=12.5 mm and d50=3.0 mm, respectively. The results were used to estimate the surface free energy components at the basal and edge surfaces of talc. It was found that the total surface free energy (gS) at the basal plane surface of talc is much lower than the total surface free energy at the edge surface. The results suggest also that the basal surface of talc is monopolar basic, while the edge surface is monopolar acidic. The results explain why the basicity of talc surface increases with decreasing particle size as shown in the contact angle and microcalorimetric measurements.
Furthermore, the effects of the surface free energies of solids during separation from each other by flotation and selective flocculation were studied. In the present work, a kaolin clay sample from east Georgia was used for the beneficiation tests. First, the crude kaolin was subjected to flotation and selective flocculation experiments to remove discoloring impurities (i.e., anatase (TiO2) and iron oxides) and produce high-brightness clay with GE brightness higher than 90%. The results showed that a clay product with +90% brightness could be obtained with recoveries (or yields) higher than 80% using selective flocculation technique. It was also found that a proper control of surface hydrophobicity of anatase is crucially important for a successful flotation and selective flocculation process. Heats of immersion, heats of adsorption and contact angle measurements were conducted on pure anatase surface to determine the changes in the surface free energies as a function of the surfactant dosage (e.g. hydroxamate) used for the surface treatment. The results showed that the magnitude of the contact angle and, hence, the surface free energy and its components on anatase surface varies significantly with the amount of surfactant used for the surface treatment.<br>Ph. D.
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Brickle, Tyler A. "In Defense of Wilderness: A Documentation of the Social and Cultural Aspects of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984123/.
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My thesis research provides an alternative argument for the protection of the wilderness that extends far beyond that of the purely biological and instead looks at wilderness for the intrinsic value, focusing on the social and cultural aspects. Through an ethnographic approach, I uncovered the how, why, and in what context people connect with wilderness and how people lean on these experiences. Through analysis of the interviews and data that was collected, I was able to identify tangible and intangible values associated with wilderness exploration and understand how these social and cultural aspects manifest themselves in people's day-to-day lives.
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Vestrella, Antonio. "Green roofs in the mediterranean area : ecophysiological and agronomic aspects = Cubiertas ajardinadas en ambiente mediterráneo: aspectos ecofisiológicos y agronómicos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386439.
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This study looks at green roofs in a Mediterranean environment. A green roof is a structure installed on the roof of a building and is characterised by a thin substrate layer and limited vegetation growth.
In the last few decades the use of green roofs has become common in North America and Central Europe, though it has only recently begun to spread to the Mediterranean area. There are a variety of different climates in the Mediterranean area, but overall it is differentiated from North America mainly in terms of thermal properties, rainfall variability, and social conditions.
In a Mediterranean context, the specific peculiarities of a green roof are added to by wide temperature variations between day and night, by the effects of climate change, and by the scarce availability of water.
Green roofs can reduce rainwater runoff, thereby lessening the burden on drainage systems, improve the microclimate of buildings (protecting from summer heat and from the cold in winter), and can also help to reduce temperatures in cities as well as contributing to biological diversity.
The trials that were carried out for this study took place in Caldes de Montbui (41° 63´ N 2° 16´ E), 205 metres above sea level, and 30 km from Barcelona (Spain), along the Catalonian pre-coastal mountain range.
We used a number of different green roof simulations and minimal irrigation conditions (0% - 20% - 40% ET0). In the first part of our study we evaluated the adaptability of twelve different species and the way they interacted.
Then we examined the humidity content and substrate temperatures of three species each with a different growth pattern. Our results show that in minimal irrigation conditions there are species which are able to adapt to green roof environments and achieve an increase in biomass as well as adequate vegetational cover and flowering. Different growth forms in the species studied affected the performance of both green roofs in terms of diversity and the capacity to host colonising species. Differences in biomass structure influenced temperature and substrate humidity content.<br>En esta tesis se investigaron los techos verdes extensivos o cubiertas ecológicas en ambiente mediterráneo. Las cubiertas ecológicas son estructuras que se instalan sobre el techo de los edificios y se caracterizan por una capa relativamente delgada de substrato y vegetación con escaso desarrollo.
En las últimas décadas las cubiertas verdes se han desarrollado en Norte de América y en el centro y norte de Europa y recientemente han empezado a implantarse en la zona Mediterránea.
A pesar de la gran variedad climática presente en el mediterráneo, las diferencias más importantes con el norte de Europa afectan los aspectos térmicos, la variabilidad de las precipitaciones y las condiciones sociales entre otros.
A las condiciones de una cubierta ecológica es necesario añadir las grandes diferencias de temperatura entre el día y la noche, los efectos del cambio climático, y la escasez de recursos hídricos propios de la zona mediterránea.
Los techos verdes pueden reducir el flujo de agua de lluvia evitando cargar la red de alcantarillado, mejoran el microclima en los edificios (protegen contra el calor estival y las bajas temperaturas invernales), asimismo la menor temperatura de los tejados puede ayudar a disminuir la temperatura en las ciudades y contribuir a la conservación de la diversidad biológica.
Los diferentes ensayos que componen esta tesis doctoral se han realizado en Caldes de Montbui (205 m.s.n.m.) (41° 63´ N 2° 16´ E) a 30 km de Barcelona (España) en la sierra pre litoral catalana. Se utilizaron diferentes simulaciones de cubiertas verdes en condiciones de riego mínimo (0% - 20% - 40% ET0). En la primera parte del estudio se evaluó la adaptabilidad de 12 especies en techos verdes mediterráneos. La segunda parte se investigó sobre el comportamiento de las plantas con diferentes formas de crecimiento y la interacción entre ellas. En la última parte se estudió el contenido de humedad y la temperatura del substrato en tres especies vegetales con diferente patrón de crecimiento.
Los resultados mostraron que en condiciones de riego mínimo, existen especies que se pueden adaptar en ambiente mediterráneo, obteniendo desarrollo en biomasa, cobertura adecuada y una floración variada. Las diferentes formas de crecimiento han influenciado las especies estudiadas y los comportamientos en las dos simulaciones de cubiertas verdes en diversidad y capacidad de albergar especies colonizadoras o foráneas. La diferente estructura de la biomasa vegetal ha influido en la temperatura y en el contenido de agua del substrato.
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Ode, Åsa. "Visual aspects in urban woodland management and planning /." Alnarp : Dept. of Landscape Planning, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a380.pdf.
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Jacobs, Christopher Colin. "Teaching and assessing aspects of the technology learning area." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1929.
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Thesis (M. Ed. (Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005<br>With the introduction of Outcomes Based Education (OBE), Technology became a new learning area which is compulsory in the General Education and Training band. Technology Education was not offered as a teaching subject in teacher education institutions and as a consequence most teachers received little or no training in technology education. The approach to the teaching of Technology, with its demands, could pose challenges or problems to teachers who did not
receive adequate training in Technology Education. The purpose of this research is to investigate the manner in which technology teachers plan, teach and assess the technological process and the way the learners experience the teaching and assessment of the technological process. The main objective of the study is to enhance classroom practice by highlighting the challenges that face teachers and learners and by offering guidelines for teaching and assessing the
technological process
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Jaiaree, Thoetsak. "The security aspects of wireless local area network (WLAN)." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03sep%5FJaiaree.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Norman F. Schneidewind, Douglas E. Brinkley. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-78). Also available online.
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Blomé, Gunnar. "Organizational and economic aspects of housing management in deprived areas." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-48616.
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This dissertation consists of five papers with different objectives. The overall objective is to improve knowledge of effective policies regarding socially deprived large housing estates. All studies deal with the real estate context from a housing company decision-making perspective. The first two papers focus on organisational issues and the following three papers deal with economic issues related to the development of a specific housing area. The research is based on case studies which involve specific methodologies such as interviews, direct observation and collecting data from company accounts. The main message of this thesis is that landlord policies and resources spent on operation and maintenance contribute to local area development. It is also underlined that there is a need for a paradigm shift in Swedish housing, since the regulatory framework appeared to be inadequate. The experience from this study shows that many problems can be solved within the existing laws and through efficient customised property management, but landlords need more effective incentives to improve their policies further. The first two papers address issues about how to organise local management resources in large housing estates. Three different functions were identified: customer service, (e.g. fault-reporting); the letting process; and caretaking (day-to-day management and control over indoor and outdoor areas). The models where more decisions are decentralised lead to better information about the local conditions, make it easier to coordinate work in an area, create more motivation for the staff and make it easier to involve the tenants. This was particularly valuable for socially deprived estates, but the decentralised model raised some moral hazard problems, e.g. the local team create their own agenda, are pressured by certain tenants to give them advantages and that the result is lack of control and consistent housing policy in the company. The third paper deals with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in housing management. Different types of costs are identified and related to the estates’ social condition. The results indicate that a CSR-based management policy leads to approximately 4.5 percent lower annual operation and maintenance costs which improved the company’s profitability, especially if the higher standard of maintenance, made higher rents possible. The study also identified three other benefits of CSR; improved tenant relationship, goodwill and business opportunities and the study is a first step towards a better understanding of the economic consequences of CSR in a real estate-context. The fourth paper analyses the return of the Swedish slumlords, with a focus on a specific area in Malmö. The tenants stayed even though the rent was higher and the quality was lower than in neighbouring areas because of a combination of three factors; rents were paid by different forms of welfare payment, lack of alternatives because of queues to other areas and because some tenants saw an advantage in the “no questions” asked policy that the slumlord followed. It is further argued that the property owners found this slum strategy as profitable either because they hoped to find a “bigger fool” to sell to or because the decision makers in the company had not invested their own money. The study concludes that both tenants and investors were in the end losers, but not the company managers.The fifth paper is an economic evaluation of renovation in socially deprived housing estates. The empirical data indicates that it is profitable to use a clear and active housing management strategy, especially if the rent levels are affected by the standard of management by the landlord. The results also show that the landlord’s policy had positive social effects, both in the form of tenant welfare and in the form of lower costs for Police and the Fire department. The study also indicates that it can be difficult to justify large scale investment purely from a business perspective.<br>QC 20111122
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Juhna, Talis. "Aspects of drinking water supply in areas of humic water." Doctoral thesis, Luleå, 2002. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2002/27/index.html.
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Shongwe, Lucas B. "The implications of transfrontier conservation areas : a comparative policy analysis study of sustainable development in South Africa between the great Limpopo transfrontier conservation area and Lubombo transfrontier resource area." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23988.
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The dissertation is rooted in the implications of the policy on Transfrontier Conservation Areas. It is a comparative policy analysis study of sustainable development in South Africa between the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area and Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Resource Area. Qualitative research methodology and theoretical analysis are used in this research. Qualitative research answers the question, “what is going on here?” (Bouma, 1996: 169). The research on the two Transfrontier Conservation Area is investigated through literature review and to a lesser extent by conducting face to face interviews with government officials dealing with the two Transfrontier Conservation Areas. The approach in the research is the Managerial approach. “The focus of the management approach is the improvement of the efficiency, effectiveness and economy of the public sector by the utilisation of techniques which were once regarded purely appropriate to the private profit sector” (Parsons, 1995: 479). The dissertation also examine the effects of the two TFCA’s in question on Ecotourism, Economic growth and the conservation of biodiversity for sustainable development in South Africa within the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) initiative. Chapter one is the introduction, the rationale for the dissertation, background and objectives of the study. Chapter two is the theoretical framework in detail which define the managerial approach technique used in the research. Chapter three explain Sustainable Development. It looks at various arguments by the different school of thoughts. It also explains the link between the economy and the environment. In chapter four Environmental Economics and the TFCA’s are looked into as part of the aim of the dissertation to establish whether the policy of the TFCA’s on economic growth and sustainable development is viable or not. Chapter five examine Ecotourism as one of the sub-themes of the dissertation. Ecotourism is defined and the value of ecotourism is examined. Integrated tourism plan is also discussed in the chapter in order to determine the effects of TFCA’s in question on ecotourism. Chapter six deals with the case study no. one of the dissertation which is the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area. It is an indepth study on this TFCA i.e. history of the region of these protected areas, management structures, zonation rivers, diseases etc. Chapter seven is a further expansion on the case study no. one and looks at the developmental aspects of the TFCA. Chapter eight deals with the second case study of the dissertation which is the Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation and Resource Area. It describes in detail the composite parts of this TFCA. It also looks at sociological, cultural and historical resources of the TFCA in question. Opportunities for development and the activities that can boost the economic growth of the region and the surrounding communities. Chapter nine is the concluding chapter of the dissertation which gives findings and recommendation of the dissertation.<br>Dissertation (MA(Political science))--University of Pretoria, 2007.<br>Political Sciences<br>unrestricted
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Petersen, Hans-Georg. "Economic aspects of agricultural areas mangement and land/water ecotones conservation." Universität Potsdam, 1995. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1586/.
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Part of the intorduction:
The task of writing a reliable and convincing paper on this topic is a very uneasy one because it is threefold: one has to know at least a bit about the agricultural sector, biology (or more precisely ecology), and about the sometimes beneficial but often distorting consequences of human activities. And all that has to be judged from the perspective of an economist who is aware of the steadily increasing uncertainties which are closely connected with post-modem sciences. Especially with regard to global, but also regional environmental issues, neither the conventional applied sciences nor the traditional professional consultancy deliver promising results. Today
scientists have to tackle problems which are created by political necessities overwhelmingly caused by short-term human behavior, due in part to a serious lack of information on the longterm behavioral consequences. In these issues, typically, information stacks are high, scientific facts uncertain, individual as well as collective values disputed, and political decisions very urgent. "In general, the post-normal situation is one where the traditional opposition of 'hard'facts and 'soft' values is inverted. Here we find decisions that are 'hard' in every sense, for which the scientific inputs are irremediably 'soft'" (FUNTOWICZ/RAVETZ, 1991, p. 138).
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Burmeister, Lobato José Miguel, and Jiménez Cristóbal Barros. "Aspectos legales de las areas silvestres protegidas privadas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/107726.
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Memoria (Licenciado en Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales)<br>El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los distintos aspectos legales involucrados en las áreas silvestres protegidas de propiedad privada.
Para el análisis legal de estas áreas se han considerado tanto el derecho comparado como el nacional, así como el conjunto de propuestas normativas en la materia en nuestro país.
Como resultado del análisis antes señalado, surgen una serie de recomendaciones para regular y fomentar la conservación privada en Chile: la utilización conjunta de instrumentos legales, a través de convenios y derechos reales de conservación; la creación de una institucionalidad idónea; así como una serie de reformas a la normativa tributaria vigente con el fin de incorporar incentivos para el resguardo de la biodiversidad.
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Chompoobutrgool, Yuwa. "Aspects of Wide-Area Damping Control Design using Dominant Path Synchrophasor Signals." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-164251.
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The presence of inter-area oscillations has long affected stability constraints, and therefore, limited the power transfer capacity of interconnected power systems. Adequate damping of these inter-area oscillations is, thus, necessary to secure system operation and ensure system reliability while increasing power transfers. Power system stabilizers (PSS) are the most common devices used to enhance the damping of such oscillations. Many studies have demonstrated that PSSs using remote signals may perform better than using local signals. The advent of phasor measurement units (PMU) makes remote or wide-area signals become available, which enables various important applications. Of particular interest is wide-area damping control (WADC), which aims to utilize remote or wide-area measurements to damp the inter-area oscillations. However, two main challenges in WADC design are (1) feedback controller input signal selection (which PMU signal is best to use?), and (2) latency (which is inherent in the transmission of the measurements) considerations. In response to the first challenge, this thesis proposes a concept called dominant inter-area oscillation path, which serves to pinpoint a set of candidate signals that can be used as the feedback controller inputs by locating the interconnected corridors where the inter-area modal contents are the most observable. Derivation, identification, and use of the dominant inter-area oscillation paths are demonstrated throughout the thesis. Extensive analysis on the relationships between the proposed set of signals and system properties regarding stability and robustness is presented. To tackle the second challenge, the impacts of time delays on the system performance when using the dominant path signals are investigated. To date, several studies have proposed different control design methods using various oscillation dampers to design WADC. Nevertheless, neither a systematic method nor a concept that encompasses fundamental knowledge on power system dynamics has yet been offered. The objective of this thesis is, thus, to propose an analytical framework based on the dominant path concept which is built upon fundamental principles for feedback controller input signal selection in WADC. With this framework, a proper and systematic approach is developed. The proposed method allows to select appropriate signals and use them to effectively mitigate the inter-area oscillations that constrain power transfer capacity and affect system stability.<br><p>QC 20150414</p>
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Loscombe, Peter Robin. "Key aspects of the structural design of small SWATH ships." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305967.
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Gritt, Andrew Jonathan. "Aspects of agrarian change in south-west Lancashire, c.1650-1850." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2000. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19663/.
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This thesis examines agricultural and agrarian developments 1650-1850 in a region - south-west Lancashire - that was increasingly dominated by industry and large urban centres. The thesis is firmly located within two distinct historiographical traditions: 'agrarian capitalism' and 'agricultural revolution'. The debates encompassed by these concepts have been largely conducted around the development of arable agriculture. Large parts of the north and west of England have been peripheral to these debates and the models of agrarian development were not constructed with counties like Lancashire in mind. This thesis, therefore, offers a geographical corrective to the existing literature. Not surprisingly, the models are found wanting, and patterns of agrarian and agricultural developments in Lancashire follow a different path to arable counties in the English Midlands and East Anglia. Yet, agriculture in Lancashire did not stagnate and farmers and landlords were enclosing and improving land from at least the middle of the seventeenth century in a bid to increase productivity. However, change was much more pronounced from the last third of the eighteenth century, when population growth, industrial expansion, increasing market demand for food and the development of the transport infrastructure offered new opportunities to farmers. They responded in a way which suited the local economic and social setting. In terms of farm size, labour structure and land use, the farmers of south-west Lancashire fell outside contemporary (and subsequent) perceptions of best practice. Lancashire developed a highly specialised and productive agricultural system that was not predicated upon conventional agrarian capitalism and avoided many of the negative outcomes of the processes of agricultural revolution.
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Pearce, Richard Sargon. "Some aspects of a code division multiple access local area network." Thesis, Durham University, 1987. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6810/.
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Moore, Steven Douglas. "Leisure stereotypes: Person perception and social contact norms in a wilderness area." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184726.
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Social contact norms are used by managers to establish standards for regulating visitation of wilderness areas so that visitors can attain adequate experiences of solitude. This study expanded on current conceptions of social contact norms to provide a theoretical and empirical basis for understanding how such norms are formed. Using person perception, stereotyping, and socialization theory and the concept of cognitive schemata, a conceptual framework was built to explain how visitors come to judge certain groups as appropriate or inappropriate in a wilderness area. Seven research hypotheses were proposed and tested using a database consisting of responses to a mail questionnaire survey of 800 permit requestors and 95 interviews with visitors at Aravaipa Canyon Wilderness, Arizona. The first hypothesis, that wilderness visitors would regard some types of groups as appropriate and other types of groups as inappropriate in the wilderness area, was supported. Norms for encountering 13 types of groups were estimated from written questions and drawings, and paired picture comparisons allowed ranking of six types of groups. Encounters with lone hikers, small groups, medium-sized groups, birdwatchers, youth groups, school classes, and rangers were considered more appropriate than encounters with hunters, horseback riders, packstock users, and nude bathers. Logit and multinomial logit models were used to test the six remaining hypotheses, which concerned the influences of socialization and other processes on development of social contact norms. To test the hypotheses, norms for encountering six types for groups were predicted from demographic and other variables. The results indicated that norms for encountering small groups were not affected by social class or race; affiliation with a small group during a wilderness visit was associated with a dislike of large groups, membership in a conservation organization had no such association; members of conservation organizations preferred fewer encounters with hunters; membership in a conservation organization also prompted the respondents to dislike encounters with horseback riders; females, older visitors, and people with children disliked encountering nude bathers; and inexperienced and less self-reliant visitors enjoyed encounters with rangers. Theoretical, managerial, and social implications of these results were then discussed.
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So, Wai-kong, and 蘇偉綱. "The unofficial countryside: ecological management outside protected areas." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013214.
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Giunta, Rosario Graziano. "Experiments towards a general implementation of some design patterns using aspect orientation." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1028.
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This dissertation presents a novel technique to implement the behaviour of some widely used design patterns using a combination of aspect oriented programming and computational reflection.
Object-oriented languages do not support design patterns as a language construct, instead these have to be specifically implemented by the programmer. As a result, their implementation ends up scattered over different classes and tangled with the domain code of such classes, leading to reusability, modularity and comprehensibility issues.
The aspect-oriented implementations presented in this thesis get rid of such issues. A design pattern is implemented as an aspect which, by intercepting an annotation that marks an application class, enforces the role of the pattern on that class, thus making the pattern
available for the system.
Such implementations enjoy four properties, especially defined from from the analysis of the literature, considered useful and not found together in existing approaches.
Efficient variants of the proposed approach are also described and compared with the standard object-oriented approach in terms of running times.
The proposed implementations can be used in object-oriented legacy applications, applying specific refactoring steps to convert legacy code to make it use the aspect versions.
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Crawford, Phillip M. "Culture and Consensus: The Use of Mathematical Models to Examine a Culture of Sports in the Portland Metropolitan Area." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4721.
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The question of what constitutes a culture has often been answered in one phrase: shared knowledge. Recent developments in both the theory and mathematics of examining this shared cultural knowledge allow researchers to produce mathematical models of informants' knowledge and perceptions of the culture they belong to. Many studies in cognitive anthropology have utilized these theoretical and mathematical tools: the present research sought to integrate a research design (based on the theory and mathematics mentioned above) with a relatively new cultural domain: the culture of sports. Three main question pertaining to cultural knowledge were addressed in this research: 1) Did an informant's behavioral embeddedness in sports correspond to their cognitive embeddedness? 2) Did informants' behavioral embeddedness (as a qroup) affect their perceptions of the sports culture they belonqed to? 3) Did informants' coqnitive embeddedness (as a qroup) affect their perceptions of the sports culture they belonged to? Behavioral embeddedness was measured using an instrument that contained 96 bioqraphical variables primarily designed to investigate an informant's participation in sports. Cognitive embeddedness was measured using an instrument based on consensus theory. Subjects' perceptions (called "world view" in this study) of sports were based on their judgements of similarities and differences among 10 sports. These judgements were evoked by triadic analysis. Both consensus theory and triadic analysis followed the framework laid out in Romney and Weller's systematic Data Analysis. Sixty-six informants completed a self-administered survey containing the three parts mentioned above. Because of the nature of the sample used, this study was treated as an ethnography. It was hypothesized that a) behavioral and cognitive embeddedness were correlated and, b) more culturally embedded individuals would have more "sophisticated" perceptions of sports culture. The first hypothesis was not supported: only weak correlations were found between cognitive embeddedness and variables measuring behavioral embeddedness. For the second hypothesis, the exact opposite was found: the more culturally embedded groups of informants had less "sophisticated" perceptions of the sports culture they belonged to.
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Zegrean, Iulia-Georgiana <1983>. "Balkan Romance : aspects on the syntax of Istro-Romanian." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1166.
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The present study presents the initial results of the documentation and (tentative) analyses of some aspects of the grammar of Istro-Romanian (IR), an understudied seriously endangered dialect from the Eastern Romance family, spoken in Croatia. The study is based on data which I collected throughout 2009 and 2010. Chapter 1 offers a brief overview of present-day IR, with references to the community and the linguistic identity. Chapter 2 discusses the properties that IR has in common (or according to which it differs) from languages belonging to the Balkan Linguistic Area, with a systematic comparative look at the three other Eastern Romance languages/dialects. Chapters 3 and 4 present original data on the Noun Phrase and Verb Phrase in IR, in the framework of recent generative studies. Finally, Chapter 5 takes a step further into possible formal comparative analyses – with either Romanian or Slavic, by looking at the behavior of clitic elements in IR.<br>Questo studio presenta i risultati iniziali del lavoro di documentazione e dell’analisi di alcuni aspetti grammaticali del dialetto istro-romeno. L’istro-romeno è una varietà romanza precedentemente poco studiata, parlata in Croazia, appartenente alla famiglia delle lingue romanze orientali, seriamente a rischio d’estinzione. Lo studio è basato su dati empirici che ho raccolto nel 2009 e nel 2010. Il Capitolo 1 offre una panoramica sull’istro-romeno oggi, con riferimenti alla comunità e alla identità linguistica. Nel Capitolo 2 vengono discusse proprietà che l’istro-romeno ha in comune con (oppure secondo le quali si differenzia dalle) lingue appartenenti alla Lega Linguistica Balcanica, guardando sistematicamente i dati delle tre altre varietà romanze orientali, per ragioni comparative. Nei Capitoli 3 e 4 vengono presentati dati originali riguardanti i sintagmi nominale e verbale in istro-romeno, secondo l’approccio generativista. Il Capitolo 5 offre una possibile strada per l’analisi comparativa con il romeno e/o il croato di un fenomeno sintattico specifico, ovvero la posizione degli elementi clitici.
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Di, Battista Maria Elena. "Dementia in Parkinson s Disease: relationship between clinical and neurobiological aspects." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3836.
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Il deficit cognitivo è uno degli aspetti più comuni e importanti della malattia di Parkinson (PD), influisce notevolmente la qualità e l aspettativa di vita del paziente. Lo spettro delle disfunzioni cognitive nei PD è stato recentemente codificato in termini di Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI) e Demenza (PDD) con criteri clinici e diagnostici forniti da specialisti del Movement Disorders Society (MDS). La nostra attenzione è stata inizialmente concentrata sulla affidabilità dei criteri diagnostici proposti per PDD; in seguito i pazienti sono stati seguiti per cinque anni per intercettare un possibile profilo malattia, includendo il profilo di disabilità motoria, i deficit neuropsicologici e la compromissione neuropsichiatrica che potevano essere associati al fenomeno di involuzione cognitiva. Nel setting laboratoristico, abbiamo condotto uno studio di correlazione genotipo-fenotipo per valutare il possibile ruolo degli aplotipi MAPT nel determinare l'espressione del profilo motorio e non-motorio nei pazienti con PD, prima dello sviluppo di demenza. I risultati di questo studio suggeriscono un ruolo dell aplotipo H1 MAPT in tutto il corso della malattia, agendo come cuneo di pressione degenerativa nel corso degli anni: un fattore di rischio per lo sviluppo di PD con un OR di ~ 1,5, un fattore genetico di co-determinazione con un OR > 2 del fenotipo motorio durante le fasi intermedie e, infine, un fattore di rischio per la demenza con un OR> 10. I primi risultati sul profilo dei sintomi non-motori suggeriscono un possibile ruolo degli aplotipi MAPT e della proteina tau anche per quanto riguarda la disfunzione cardiaca disautonomica, anche prima dello sviluppo di demenza e in assenza di evidente associazione con altri sintomi non motori. I risultati dello studio di associazione genotipo-fenotipo sugli aspetti non-motori rappresentano un dato preliminare condotto in una porzione della nostra coorte, devono quindi essere considerati con cautela. I dati, nel loro insieme, indicherebbero il gene MAPT e la proteina tau come un legame biologico tra le manifestazione fenotipiche della malattia ed il successivo sviluppo di demenza aumentando la suscettibilità agli insulti biochimici che sono propri del processo della Malattia di Parkinson.
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Scatozza, Rossella. "Parkinson's disease and degenerative parkinsonism: relationship between clinical and neurobiological aspects." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4045.
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Il neurovascula coupling indica il processo mediante il quale l unità neuro vascolare modula la complessa relazione tra attività neuronale, fattori emodinamici e segnali intracellulari.
Recenti studi individuano la possibile associazione tra alterazioni dell emodinamica cerebrale e il decadimento della performance cognitiva,in parte riconducibile ad una compromissione del fisiologico signaling tra gli elementi dell unità neuro vascolare.
Obiettivo dello studio è quello di indagare la possibile relazione tra disturbi cognitivi ed alterazioni della reattività cerebrovascolare in pazienti affetti da Malattia di Parkinson (MdP).
È stata valutata una popolazione di 34 pazienti (22 maschi e 12 femmine) affetti da MdP in accordo con UK brain bank Criteria e sottoposta a valutazione clinica,motoria e neuropsicologica,valutazione della funzionalità autonomica mediante SCOPA-AUT,valutazione del carico lesionale della sostanza bianca mediante Risonanza Magnetica Cerebrale applicando la scala visiva semiquantitativa CHS e dettagliata valutazione Ultrasonografica TSA e TCD ,inclusa valutazione della reattività cerebrovascolare mediante Breath Holding Index (BHI). La popolazione è stata divisa in due gruppi in base alla presenza di Mild cognitive Impairment (MCI) in accordo con Diagnostic Criteria for PD-MC da Litvan I 2012.
Dai risultati ottenuti i parametri emodinamici valutati mediante TCD non hanno evidenziato differenze significative al baseline di VMF MCA e PCA. Dopo stimolo ipercapnico si è osservata una differenza statisticamente significativa della reattività cerebrovascolare risultando ridotta nel gruppo PD-MCI.
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Khan, Saeeda S. "Neighbourhoods, stress and distress." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81498.
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This study examines stress and distress experienced by working age individuals in the urban environment. The goals of this research are twofold: (1) to test for a social gradient in stress and distress; and (2) to test for environmental effects on the reporting of stress and distress, specifically focussing on variations in stress and distress across neighbourhoods in Montreal. Montreal was selected as the focus of this study because it is a large metropolitan region with some of the highest income disparities in Canada. Individual-level logistic regression models and multilevel analyses of the 2000/01 Canadian Community Health Survey were applied to identify the determinants of stress and distress and to determine the degree of variation in stress (n = 1944) and distress (n = 1836) captured at the neighbourhood level. Results showed that a social gradient exists with distress in Montreal, but not stress, and that neighbourhoods have an effect on distress above and beyond individual characteristics.
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劉先立 and Sien-lap Liu. "Key to success in international telecom market: a regional focus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574614.
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Fischman, Krawczyk Eliana Irene. "Areas protegidas : tierras de nadie." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112631.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)<br>A través de esta memoria examinaremos la situación jurídica en que se encuentran las áreas protegidas que conforman el denominado Sistema Nacional de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas del Estado (SNASPE), especialmente en lo relativo a la precariedad de la tenencia fiscal de sus unidades, procurando determinar el grado de vulnerabilidad que ello representa para el resguardo de sus deslindes y superficies, en síntesis, para la custodia de su integridad.
Considerando que, en un sentido amplio, el objetivo de los espacios naturales protegidos es el de preservar, conservar y restaurar el patrimonio natural y cultural y la diversidad biológica, esperamos contribuir al diagnóstico del SNASPE y de las unidades que lo conforman y sugerir la adopción de medidas precisas e integradas que, en el marco de la siguiente investigación, favorezcan el cumplimiento de su finalidad.
La relevancia de una efectiva protección de las áreas silvestres sujetas a tutela corresponde a un imperativo legal del derecho interno y de los compromisos internacionales vigentes, pero también a un imperativo ético con las generaciones presentes y futuras. El deterioro ambiental es causa y efecto de la pobreza. Un país que agota sus recursos genera cesantía y dependencia de terceros, arriesga la integridad de su territorio, resiente la calidad de vida de sus habitantes, y engendra un inminente deterioro social y comunitario.
La redacción definitiva de la garantía constitucional consagrada en el artículo 19 N° 8, el derecho a vivir en un medio ambiente libre de contaminación, eliminó su inciso final. Este decía: “la integridad territorial de Chile comprende la de su patrimonio ambiental”.
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Rakpong, J. "Regulatory aspects of EU-Thai trade relations in the area of food safety." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348547/.
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This thesis identifies the main characteristics of EU food safety regulation and explores its impact on stakeholders in Thailand. It provides an overview of the principles and mechanisms that underpin EU food safety law and presents two detailed case studies in the areas of baby corn and poultry. The account presented is based not only on doctrinal analysis and but also upon in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders in Thailand. The case studies highlight the far-reaching cross-border impacts of both official EU food safety regulation and of private standards, such as those put in place by EU supermarket chains. Positive and negative cross-border impacts are identified. The most striking and pervasive negative effects arise in relation to private standards. The thesis argues that this is in part because mechanisms to ensure the external accountability of private standard-setting bodies are absent or deficient in several respects. This stands in contrast to the situation in relation to official EU food safety regulation where the World Trade Organisation and what is described as the ‘Competent Authority Model’ succeed in instantiating effective external accountability relationships between the EU and affected stakeholders abroad. Using insights gained from stakeholders’ experiences and concerns, this thesis evaluates the principles and mechanisms that underpin EU official food safety regulation and private standards and, crucially, it also puts forward constructive suggestions to help resolve or mitigate the cross-border problems that arise.
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Chow, Chin-hang Kenneth, and 周展衡. "Pedestrianisation zoning in Hong Kong: for better or worse?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255462.
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Slavin, Courtney Natasha. "The Relationship Between Traffic Signals and Pedestrian, Bicyclist and Transit User Exposure in Urban Areas." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/616.
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Improving the efficiency of traffic operations along arterials is currently a priority for many agencies as their roadway infrastructure is built out to the largest possible capacity within the urban environment. Many advanced systems are being implemented to optimize traffic signal timing. Air quality is typically not a consideration when these decisions are made. The relationship between exposure to air pollution and traffic signal timing has not been fully explored by other researchers. This study is the first research effort to combine detailed traffic signal timing data (at 5 second intervals) and air pollutant exposure data. Results show that longer green time along the busy arterial reduces pollutant levels, while increased volume per cycle increases pollutant levels. This research quantifies the factors that contribute to pedestrian, bicyclist, and transit user exposure at a busy intersection along an urban arterial. The factors include traffic signal timing, weather related variables, traffic volumes, and heavy vehicle and bus presence. Additionally, the impact of an adaptive traffic signal system on air quality is assessed to understand the implications of signal timing on air pollutant exposure.
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Ture, Savadkoohi Parisa. "Study of the electromechanic aspects of RF MEM devices with particular emphasis on the dynamic behavior for the case of RF MEM switches and tuneable capacitors." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368780.
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Research on MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical systems) has seen an amazing growth during the last 15 years, stimulated both by their interesting physical properties and their attractive application potential. One of those appealing MEMS applications are Radio Frequency (RF) switches. These devices have some outstanding advantages like low insertion loss, high isolation and linearity, but they suer from some drawbacks like low switching speed and lack of reliability. In the near future for many applications, like mobile phones and communication systems, reliable switches with higher commutation speed are expected. This thesis is focused on the study of the dynamic behavior of the RF switches with the aim to nd suitable ways to develop switch geometries with faster switching characteristic. The study considers process related aspects, theoretical calculations, numerical simulations and dynamic measurements. In addition other devices that are useful for the design of the complex RF circuits and that are characterized by a complex dynamic behavior like in plane forces are studied.
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Ture, Savadkoohi Parisa. "Study of the electromechanic aspects of RF MEM devices with particular emphasis on the dynamic behavior for the case of RF MEM switches and tuneable capacitors." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2010. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/369/1/Parisa_turesavadkoohi.pdf.
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Research on MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical systems) has seen an amazing growth during the last 15 years, stimulated both by their interesting physical properties and their attractive application potential. One of those appealing MEMS applications are Radio Frequency (RF) switches. These devices have some outstanding advantages like low insertion loss, high isolation and linearity, but they suer from some drawbacks like low switching speed and lack of reliability. In the near future for many applications, like mobile phones and communication systems, reliable switches with higher commutation speed are expected. This thesis is focused on the study of the dynamic behavior of the RF switches with the aim to nd suitable ways to develop switch geometries with faster switching characteristic. The study considers process related aspects, theoretical calculations, numerical simulations and dynamic measurements. In addition other devices that are useful for the design of the complex RF circuits and that are characterized by a complex dynamic behavior like in plane forces are studied.
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Choi, Weng I. "Health status of children left behind in Sichuan rural areas :a cross-sectional study." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3952137.
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Ho, Bo-wan, and 何寶雲. "Environmental protection and management through urban planning in old urban areas of Hong Kong: a case study ofCentral and Western." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893557.
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Taneka, D. "Estimating the performance of rural roads in remote areas." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996.
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Schilcher, Daniela, and n/a. "Supranational governance of tourism : aid, trade and power relations between the European Union and the South Pacific island states." University of Otago. Department of Tourism, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080508.150955.
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This thesis examined the role of supranational organisations (SOs) in the governance of tourism in a North-South context. Focusing on the issue area of development cooperation, this thesis investigated the question of how and why SOs got involved in tourism in developing countries, and more specifically, in small island developing states. Such involvement may occur either directly through aid funded projects or indirectly through international trade regimes that impact on tourism in the aid recipient countries. The thesis adopted a case study approach focussing on the European Union�s (EU�s) involvement in the governance of tourism in South Pacific island states. Grounded in a history of colonialism, the EU has been involved in the �development� of the South Pacific for more than three decades, which allowed to track changes in development philosophy over time. Focusing on the concept of power, the case was assessed in a multi-scalar manner, analysing the EU�s involvement from the global down to the local level. Never before has an entire multilevel polity been assessed in one coherent case study, incorporating actors situated at all levels and ranging from supranational organisations to national governments, businesses, communities, and individuals.
The methods employed in this thesis included interviews, participant observation, document analysis (policy documents and newspapers), and subsequently critical discourse analysis. The latter served to highlight the so-called �third face of power� (Lukes 1974), which is closely related to the concept of ideological hegemony. Interviews were conducted in Fiji and Samoa with officials of the South Pacific Delegations of the EU, officials of tourism authorities, NGOs, tourism operators and community members. Elite interviews in Brussels were conducted with officials of the European Commission and the European Parliament.
Under all scales and �faces� of power the EU was found to be the dominant actor, while the issue of self-interest appeared to play a key role. At a macro-level, the EU clearly dominated in most overt decision-making situations during negotiations on aid and trade agreements. As concerned the inclusion of tourism in the agreements, the relative importance of the sector was clearly dependent on the European Commission�s prevailing attitude on �tourism and development� at any point in time. At a meso- and micro-level, the EU�s influence was less obvious yet nonetheless existent, for example through funding rules and the use of European consultants. Indirect influence also occurred at the national level. In particular the substitution of a preferential trade regime with a free trade agreement (the Economic Partnership Agreements), which is currently being negotiated between the EU and the Pacific Islands, is likely to have a significant impact on the economic importance of tourism, as well as public policy in the South Pacific. In a mini case study of Samoa, it was found that the resulting changes in tourism policy would have a significant impact �on the ground�, in particular with regard to rates of local ownership and control.
Overall, power relations were found to be highly unequal and self-determination and empowerment have largely not been achieved. However, more research is needed to examine the ability to generalise the findings to other geographic regions or other types of SOs. The key contribution of this thesis in the theoretical realm constitutes its bridging of agency and structure within multi-level governance, which may be conceived as a �third way� to either dependency theory-influenced studies (global/structure) or community approaches (local/agency).
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Pinheiro, Gustavo Focesi. "O gerenciamento da construção civil e o desenvolvimento sustentavel : um enfoque sobre os profissionais da area de edificações." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258396.
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Orientador: Andre Munhoz de Argollo Ferrão<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T19:07:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2002<br>Resumo: O atual estágio de desenvolvimento da humanidade apresenta-se cada vez mais agressivo ao ambiente e ao homem. O crescimento populacional aumenta cada vez mais o impacto das atividades produtivas e das edificações sobre o meio. Por esse motivo é importante que o desenvolvimento seja sustentável. Assim, foi realizada uma pesquisa por meio de questionários pré-testados, para verificar como os engenheiros civis e arquitetos estão preparados para reduzir o impacto das edificações sobre o ambiente e como podem ser melhor informados sobre o assunto. O resultado mostra que a maioria dos profissionais, que responderam ao questionário, têm pouco conhecimento sobre o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável, reconhecem os impactos das edificações sobre o ambiente, acreditam que a qualidade seja o item mais importante para a construção civil, e têm interesse em conhecer e aplicar mais os conceitos que diminuam o impacto das construções sobre o meio<br>Abstract: The present human development has been proven wrong by its aggressive means on the environment and to the society. The global population growth, the industrialization and the edifications grown too, to meet the demand, interfering directly in the environment. It¿s important the application of a sustainable development in the civil construction. To identify how the professionals of civil construction are prepared to reduce the affects of edifications on the environment, a survey with pre-tested questionnaires was applied. In this questionnaire, the results show that the respondents do not know precisely what sustainable development means. The answer showed that a great deal of the professionals are worried about the constructions' impact on the environment, and have interest in knowing and getting to know more about the concepts and applying them to their professional life, and think: that quality is the most important thing to the civil construction<br>Mestrado<br>Edificações<br>Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Gonçalves, Kívia Amadei. "A percepção de diferentes atores sociais sobre a qualidade ambiental em trilhas = estudo de caso : Parque Estadual de Itinguçu." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258664.
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Orientador: Rozely Ferreira dos Santos<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T10:30:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: A divergência de opiniões dos vários setores da sociedade sobre os usos e as estratégias de conservação de um território costuma ser a responsável pelos conflitos insolúveis em tomadas de decisão em planos de manejo. Ela é normalmente conseqüente da percepção que os indivíduos têm sobre o território que está sendo planejado. São poucos os estudos que fazem avaliações que podem, efetivamente, conduzir a compreensão mútua e a conciliação dos diversos interesses, seja em direção ao uso, seja em direção à conservação. Sob essa perspectiva, este estudo objetiva identificar e comparar as diferenças de percepção sobre impactos ambientais em trilha entre moradores, visitantes e pesquisadores a partir de uma realidade existente em uma unidade de conservação. A área estudada foi a trilha Cachoeira do Paraíso, localizada no antigo Parque Estadual do Itinguçu, em São Paulo. Foram feitos tabelamentos e mapeamentos de indicadores de impactos antes e depois de picos de visitação, e a realidade diagnosticada foi comparada com os resultados obtidos por simulações fotográficas e entrevistas aplicadas aos grupos sociais. O cruzamento de dados das simulações foi realizado pelo desenho de curvas de aceitabilidade da situação diagnosticada. Os resultados mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes da percepção sobre os impactos ambientais entre os três grupos sociais. Os moradores mostraram-se quase tão permissivos quanto os visitantes e bastante distante das perspectivas dos pesquisadores. Foram diagnosticadas diferenças em relação ao reconhecimento do impacto em tempo real, do grau de permissividade em relação aos impactos, da dispersão de opiniões e da capacidade de aceitabilidade dos impactos<br>Abstract: The divergences in opinion among the society groups about the uses and strategies for the territory conservation are usually the responsible for the conflicts in management planning decision. It is generally consequence of perception the individuals have over the territory that is being planned. The measure of this perception is hard because of diversity of variables involved. There are few studies that can, effectively, lead to mutual comprehension and conciliation of all the interests, directed to use or conservation. Under this perspective, this study aims to point a methodological way to identify the differences in perception about environmental impacts in trails among residents, visitants and researchers from a real situation in a conservation unit. The study area was de Paraiso Falls trail, in old Itinguçu State Park, São Paulo. Maps and tables of impact indicators were done before and after visit, and the observed reality was compared to results obtained by written and visual interviewing. The data analysis included qui-square and 1 proportion tests and acceptability graphs. It was expected that the comparison would permit to observe the differences within and among groups over the impacts in the Conservation Area<br>Mestrado<br>Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais<br>Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Currie, Bianca. "Cost-benefit analysis of land restoration in the Assegaaibos Catchment Area with regard to water yield and tourism benefit." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/726.
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With the emergence of the new field of resource economics, one now has the ability to value and to include natural resources in decision making. This thesis aims to explore the valuation of natural resources by reviewing the economic values, techniques, methods and ecological aspects of restoration. Assegaaibos mountain catchment in the Western Cape Province has been used as a case-study example. A cost-benefit analysis of the restoration of the mountain catchment, in terms of the direct benefits of water and tourism, has been performed. The costs of restoration were observed to see whether they outweighed the benefits (income) derived (water and tourism). The results show that the water and tourism benefits did outweigh the costs of a basic restoration scenario. However, the basic restoration scenario did not fulfil the ecological requirements of the project. The results also illustrated that in the moderate restoration scenario, costs only outweighed the benefits when a three percent discount rate was applied. With the optimistic restoration scenario, costs outweighed benefits only when an eight percent discount rate was used. In the comprehensive restoration scenario, costs were shown to outweigh by far the water and tourism benefits over a thirty-year time frame. However, it should be noted that the deterioration of the environment (accelerated erosion, reinvasion, reduced water quality) was not factored into the costs of failure to rehabilitate.
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Warner, Gary E. "Predicting pedestrian use on outdoor urban plazas utilizing climate/behavior models." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12302008-063811/.
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Hulme, Sarah R., and n/a. "Heterosynaptic metaplasticity in area CA1 of the hippocampus." University of Otago. Department of Psychology, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090818.161738.
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Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an activity-dependent increase in the efficacy of synaptic transmission. In concert with long-term depression (LTD), this synaptic plasticity likely underlies some types of learning and memory. It has been suggested that for LTP/LTD to act as effective memory storage mechanisms, homeostatic regulation is required. This need for plasticity regulation is incorporated into the Bienenstock, Cooper and Munro (BCM) theory by a threshold determining LTD/LTP induction, which is altered by the previous history of activity (Bienenstock et al., 1982). The present work aimed to test key predictions of the BCM model. This was done using field and intracellular recordings in area CA1 of hippocampal slices from young, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The first prediction tested was that following a strong, high-frequency priming stimulation all synapses on primed cells will show inhibition of subsequent LTP and facilitation of LTD induction (heterosynaptic metaplasticity). This was confirmed using two independent Schaffer collateral pathways to the same CA1 pyramidal cells. Following priming stimulation to one pathway, LTP induction was heterosynaptically inhibited and LTD facilitated. To more fully investigate whether all synapses show metaplastic changes, the priming stimulation was given in a different dendritic compartment, in stratum oriens, prior to LTP induction in stratum radiatum. This experiment supported the conclusion that all synapses show inhibited LTP following priming. A second prediction of the BCM model is that metaplasticity induction is determined by the history of cell firing. To investigate this, cells were hyperpolarized during priming to completely prevent somatic action potentials. Under these conditions inhibitory priming of LTP was still observed, and thus somatic action potentials are not critical for the induction of the effect. The next aim was to determine the mechanism underlying heterosynaptic metaplasticity. One way in which plasticity induction can be altered is through changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition of pyramidal cells. For this reason, it was tested whether blocking all GABAergic inhibition, for the duration of the experiment, would prevent priming of LTP. However, priming inhibited subsequent LTP and it was concluded that GABAergic changes do not underlie either the induction, or expression, of the metaplastic state. Proposed revisions to the BCM model predict that postsynaptic elevations in intracellular Ca�⁺ determine the induction of metaplasticity. There are many potential sources for postsynaptic Ca�⁺ elevations, including entry through N-methyl-D-asparate receptors (NMDARs) or voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), or release from intracellular stores. Results of the present work demonstrate that the inhibition of LTP is dependent on the release of Ca�⁺ from intracellular stores during priming; however this release is not triggered by Ca�⁺ entry through NMDARs or VDCCs, or via activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Overall, the present results show that, in accordance with the BCM model, a high level of prior activity induces a cell-wide metaplastic state, such that LTD is facilitated and LTP is inhibited. In contrast to predictions of the BCM model, this is not mediated by cell-firing during priming. Instead the release of Ca�⁺ from intracellular stores is critical for induction of the metaplastic state.
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Jones, T. W. "Aspects of manganese geochemistry in soils and natural solutions from areas of contrasting bedrock, North Wales." Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233180.
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Courthold, Nicola Caroline. "Aspects of air quality management in an urban area : a case study in Bristol, UK." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322022.
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Pearce, James R. "Exploring the incidence of lung cancer in small areas across Scotland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7078.
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Lung cancer is one of the most important causes of 'avoidable deaths' globally and is responsible for approximately 900,000 deaths per year. However, lung cancer rates tend to be higher for males than for females and the disease also varies geographically, as rates are far higher in developed countries compared to developing countries. Scotland has the highest rate of lung cancer of any country where lung cancer data is available. However, explaining the spatial distribution of this disease is difficult because lung cancer has a number of known causes that operate at a range of different spatial scales. This is further complicated by the lag time between the period of exposure to a risk factor and the date of diagnosis. This thesis examines the causes of lung cancer across Scotland, using lung cancer registrations for the period 1988 to 1991. Exploratory methods are presented for examining the geographical distribution of the disease in small areas using methods of age-standardisation and cluster detection to identify areas with unusual rates. Estimates of the key risk factors potentially associated with lung cancer are calculated for the same small areas. These include estimates of smoking behaviour, air pollution levels in 1971 and 1991, radon gas potential, coal mining activity, quarrying activity and area deprivation. The risk factors are incorporated into a set of regression models to examine which factors are significant in explaining lung cancer incidence. Finally, the residual values derived from the optimum model of lung cancer incidence in Scotland are examined to identify areas where lung cancer incidence is particularly high and low. This study revealed that there were marked geographical differences in lung cancer rates, with higher rates in the large urban areas, especially Glasgow, and also the more deprived areas of Scotland. Smoking was consistently significant in explaining lung cancer incidence for all cohorts, types of lung cancer and urban-rural areas. The estimated air pollution levels in 1971 were also found to be significant, but the 1991 estimates were not. Exposure to radon was only significant in explaining lung cancer in the younger age groups. However, the coal mining and quarrying variables did not independently influence the incidence of the disease. Area deprivation and measure of urbanness both had a significant effect on lung cancer incidence in Scotland that was independent of the key risk factors. The analysis of the residual values showed that, having controlled for the key risk factors, lung cancer incidence is higher than expected in rural rather than urban areas.
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Williams, Chavon R. "A National survey of Mercury levels in South Africa's water management areas." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8674_1298356510.
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<p>This study forms part of a broader project co-funded by the Water Research Commission (WRC), and CSIR Parliamentary Grant (PG) and Strategic Research Panel (SRP) research grants, aimed at surveying selected water resources within the 19 Water Management Areas in South Africa. Furthermore, it aims at determining the concentrations of Hg and MeHg in various environmental compartments collected from priority water resources, to identify the potential Hg hotspots, and to assess the degree of compliance with national and international guidelines. Mercury concentrations in the environment have increased globally and this has caused much anxiety in terms of the adverse effects it has on aquatic ecosystems, their organisms, and the communities they sustain. Human health risks associated with the consumption of fish elevated containing Hg concentrations have received minimal attention particularly in South Africa. It is imperative that any potential adverse impacts of Hg on aquatic ecosystems, and the subsequent impacts on human health, be investigated.</p>
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Koekemoer, Carmen. "Political grey : areas of ambiguity and contradiction." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013136.
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This Master of Fine Arts submission, consisting of a thesis titled ‘Political Grey: Areas of Ambiguity and Contradiction’ accompanied by an exhibition titled ‘Positions’, encompasses the concept of leadership while uncovering and expressing its ‘grey areas’ in a contemporary and undefined moment in South Africa. The concept of leadership has been complicated throughout the thesis in terms of how it is conceptualised in a traditional royal African art context as well as how Leader-Figures have been and are portrayed in both Western and African portrait genres. The notion that the new is built upon the old is continued throughout my thesis and is evident in the accompanying body of work. This notion is expressed on a number of levels: by the re-contextualisation of the print medium; the creative processes described as ‘postproduction’ which I use in my work; as well as that which is described as a ‘post-transitional’ moment. The recent political history of the country is considered, with reference made to the anti-apartheid movement and resistance art produced. Printmaking, viewed as an archetypal medium for resistance, is discussed, with reference made to its socio-political role during the 1980s as well as to the extent to which it continues to be used by contemporary artists in a different realm of conflict and change. This is demonstrated by the shift from the medium as a tool for protest to the medium as an instrument of political irony and pointed commentary.
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Boardman, Jason David. "The social determinants of health race, resources, and neighborhoods in the Detroit tri-county area /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3077407.
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Song, Kyungsoo. "Documentation and demonstration of naturalistic method for measuring climate/behavior relationships." Thesis, This resource online, 1987. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04122010-083558/.
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Mkwela, Gcobani. "The role of agriculture in the Ncora area." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021107.
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Despite 19 years of democracy and public action by civil society, policy makers continue to neglect the role of agriculture in improving the quality of life in rural areas such as Ncora in the Eastern Cape. The communities in the Ncora area still experience poverty despite the fact people receive state grants. Agriculture is declining in this area without basic infrastructure. The study argues that communities in the Ncora area need assistance from government in order to increase agricultural activities. These activities are an important route through which these communities can reduce poverty. The primary objective of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the role of agriculture in reducing poverty in the Ncora rural areas. The conditions necessary to sustain agriculture in the rural areas were identified. This was mainly done to help alleviate the plight of rural areas in the Ncora area and to improve the quality of life of the rural population. The study was based on three research objectives. The first objective was to investigate the constraints to agricultural production in Ncora. The second objective was to ascertain what has been done by the Eastern Cape government in increasing agricultural activities. The third objective was to investigate the contribution of agriculture in reducing poverty in Ncora. The main finding in terms of the first research objective is that constraints to agricultural production in Ncora are structural constraints. These include inadequate infrastructure such as poor roads, lack of transport and equipment, lack of farming skills, poor quality seed, no access to markets, inadequate and unaffordable services. In terms of the second research objective, the main finding is that the government has encouraged investment in infrastructure using labour-intensive methods will eliminate service backlogs in underserviced areas such as Ncora. Secondly, it has encouraged the revival of irrigation schemes such as the Ncora irrigation scheme and is investing in human capital through the empowerment of people in order to improve the quality of life of the Ncora community. Empowerment involves skills and training, education and access to basic services, expertise regarding credit, land and the growing of vegetables. The development of human capital is an important determinant of the pace of economic development. Human, social, natural, financial and physical capital are essential elements of reducing poverty. In fact, the Ncora community has lobbied Intsika Yethu Municipality for community development Community development through education and community participation in development programmes. Efforts have to be made to increase the skills that will enable them to complete development projects. These include technical skills in areas such as vegetable and crop production during the year. A key component of the success of development projects is to involve communities in the planning and decision-making processes. Community development is linked to empowerment, in other words, empowered people are able to contribute to the development of their community because they have knowledge of the economic, social and political goals of development. Therefore, empowerment enables people to participate in and have an influence on the decisions that affect their lives. The main finding in terms of the third research objective is that people in the Ncora community are using their own labour to improve food production to reduce poverty. The Ncora community has been shown when and how to make, grow and plant seeds, and look after the vegetables of their choice. The community of Ncora has learnt about cropping practices that are appropriate to their situation. The intention is to sell vegetables and crops to local communities and markets in order to generate income. The community has to do it for themselves or else they will wait forever.
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Maziero, Thiago Augusto. "Monitoramento de água subterrânea em área urbana: aspectos quantitativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-06102017-154832/.
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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os aspectos quantitativos da água subterrânea (recarga, parâmetros hidráulicos e variáveis envolvidas para essa quantificação) no aqüífero freático de uma área intensamente urbanizada. Duas sub-bacias contíguas do rio Monjolinho (bacia do córrego do Gregório e bacia do córrego do Tijuco Preto), localizadas na região central do município de São Carlos - SP, foram escolhidas como área de estudo. As bacias cobrem um área de 22,8 Km2 e apresentam índice de impermeabilização total estimado de 72,5%. Para este estudo foi instalada uma rede de monitoramento permanente, composta por 20 piezômetros. Os dados de nível freático foram coletados com freqüência semanal no período de 1 ano hidrológico (fevereiro de 2004 a janeiro de 2005). Os métodos utilizados para a estimativa da recarga foram: Water Table Fluctuation (WTF) e aproximação Darcyana com base na variação do nível freático, e o balanço hídrico, utilizando dados de três estações hidrometeorológicas localizadas no interior dos limites das bacias. Os valores de condutividade hidráulica de cada piezômetro, utilizados na aproximação Darcyana, foram determinados com a técnica slug test, variando de 2,6.10-7 a 6,0.10-5 m/s. Os valores de rendimento específico, utilizados no método WTF, foram estimados pela equação empírica de Biecinski, com variação de 0,07 a 0,15. A recarga efetiva estimada pelo método WTF representou 16,4% da precipitação (1596,5 mm) ocorrida durante o ano hidrológico, enquanto que a recarga efetiva estimada pela aproximação Darcyana representou 16,3% da precipitação. No método do balanço hídrico foi obtida uma recarga potencial de 277,0 mm, equivalente a 17,4% do total de chuvas do ano hidrológico considerado. Os resultados apresentados fornecem subsídios para uso racional dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos, assim como incentivam o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas na área de aqüíferos em centros urbanos.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate groundwater recharge (rate, hydraulic parameters and related variables necessary for estimation) in an unconfined aquifer of a highly urbanized area. The study area is composed by two contiguous sub-basins (Gregório creek and Tijuco Preto creek) in córrego do Monjolinho basin, located in São Carlos (Brazil). The total area of these basins is 22.8 Km2 with an estimated impermeabilization coefficient of 72.5%. For this study a permanent monitoring network composed by 20 piezometers was constructed. Data collection was performed during one hydrologic year (February 2004 to January 2005). The recharge rate was estimated by water table fluctuation (WTF), Darcyan approach and water balance. The hydraulic conductivity, used as input in the Darcyan approach, was determined by slug tests performed in each piezometer, ranging from 2.6.10-7 m/s to 6.0.10-5 m/s. The specific yield, which is necessary for the WTF method, was evaluated using Biecinski\'s varying between 0.07 and 0.15. The recharge rate estimated by WTF amounts to 16.4% of the annual precipitation (1596.5 mm) observed in the considered hydrologic year, while the Darcyan approach indicates a rate of 16.3%. The water balance method, based on data obtained from three hydrometeorological stations located inside the watersheds, results in a potential recharge rate of 277.0 mm. This value represents 17.4% of the observed precipitation in the period. The results obtained in this work may be used as support to groundwater resources management in urban area or as reference for future research works in the field.