Academic literature on the topic 'Areas degraded by mining'
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Journal articles on the topic "Areas degraded by mining"
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Mergulhão, Adália Cavalcanti do Espírito Santo, Hélio Almeida Burity, Bruno Tomio Goto, and Leonor Costa Maia. "Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a gypsum mining impacted semiarid area." Acta Botanica Brasilica 24, no. 4 (2010): 1052–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062010000400020.
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The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of gypsum mining on the occurrence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Soil samples were collected in the rainy and dry periods in four areas of a gypsum mine: native preserved "caatinga" (NC); mine vicinity (MS); reject area (RA); interface between the reject area and an area of "caatinga" degraded by mining (IN). Forty two plant species were identified in these areas; some were not found in both collection periods. Thirty six taxa of AMF were identified: 31 in the rainy and 31 in the dry period, with different species composition. Mining activity reduced diversity of plants and of AMF in the three mining areas when compared to NC. Plant similarity indexes were low between NC and the degraded areas. Similarity among AMF species was lower in the rainy period and between NC and the ones affected by mining. Glomus intraradices, Glomus sp.1 and Paraglomus occultum were the most common AMF, showing tolerance of edaphic conditions in the impacted areas. These species should be further tested in programs of revegetation of similar gypsum mining degraded areas.
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Leinfelder, Robson Rodrigues, Wilson Siguemasa Iramina, and Sérgio Médici de Eston. "Mining as a tool for reclamation of a Degraded Area." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 68, no. 2 (2015): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672015680127.
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AbstractAny human activity causes environmental degradation, resulting in a continu ous deterioration of environmental quality (water, air or soil). While mining is also an activity that causes degradation of the environment, it is essential for the continuity of life as it is known. On the other hand, paradoxically, by keeping life in this way, we are contributing to its cessation. This leads us to look for alternatives to reduce the impact of mining activities. The Reclamation of degraded areas may be an alternative, as it can mitigate the current picture of continuous environmental degradation.However, Degraded Areas not always follow a mining operation. This article presents a case where mining is the tool used to technically and financially allow the Reclamation of a degraded area.
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Stevovic, Svetlana, Milica Miloradovic, and Ivan Stevovic. "Management of environmental quality and Kostolac mine areas natural resources usage." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 25, no. 3 (2014): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-11-2013-0121.
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Purpose – This paper aims to define and theoretically analyse the performance of modern methods investigated to speed up the recultivation process of degraded areas, and apply it into the mining basin, open pit mines, tailings and all other areas, which need environmental quality improvement. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents methods of conservation and substitution of natural resources for the purpose of faster land recultivation (reclamation) in degraded coal mine areas. Two types of methods have been developed: forest slope recultivation and agricultural recultivation of flat landfills. Indicators of positive changes include: changes in chemical properties of tailings, increase in biogenic properties and changes in biodiversity. Findings – The research results show that the application of these methods, along with the holistic approach and adequate investment, can significantly contribute to the length of recovery process and accelerate it. Research limitations/implications – Mining basin Kostolac is used as a model test. The results can be applied on all mining basin, open pits and any degraded area. Originality/value – All results and conclusions were drawn, based on the original measurements and experiments. Stake holders, wanting to manage environmental quality after exploitation in mining basin, applying those methods, can find the value of this paper.
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Orth, M. H. de A., and Y. de C. Almeida. "The Use of Degraded Areas for Industrial Waste Disposal." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 12 (1991): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0384.
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The subject of this paper is a study approved by Filsan Engenharia e Serviços S/A, about the use of areas degraded by mining activities for final disposal of solid waste from either urban or industrial origin. Provided that technical and environmental conditions are properly secure for executing a project and for adequate operation of a landfill, the use of such areas is useful mainly because it brings the solution for two problems basically considered as main responsible for substantial environmental damages.
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Čech, Vladimír, Bohuslava Gregorová, Juliana Krokusová, et al. "Environmentally Degraded Mining Areas of Eastern Slovakia As a Potential Object of Geotourism." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (2020): 6029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156029.
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The paper deals with the possibilities of further use of environmentally degraded and polluted areas on the example of (mining and industrial) activities residues in the Central Spiš region in eastern Slovakia. On the example of the Slovinky mining tailing pond, the Markušovce mining tailing pond, and two mining dumps in Rudňany, we deal with the analysis of their condition in terms of heavy metal content, as well as the real and potential alternative use of these sites. Data were collected using field trips and field research in sediment sampling in all localities and by preparing a questionnaire for opinion polls. The content of heavy metals from all four places, the results of field trips, and the questionnaire were analyzed. The article points out the current state of these objects in terms of their load with heavy metals and considers their possible alternative uses, especially in terms of geotourism or education. The implementation of geotourism in the studied sites brings along benefits, not only for visitors and students, but also has a positive impact on sites themselves and on the local community. The results of such analyses should also serve as a basis (starting point) in planning the renewal and further development of such areas.
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Silva, Érica Tomé da, Wanderley José de Melo, and Sandra Tereza Teixeira. "Chemical attributes of a degraded soil after application of water treatment sludges." Scientia Agricola 62, no. 6 (2005): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162005000600008.
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Mining is an activity that tends to degrade the environment. The restoration of mining areas, aims to accelerate and improve the succession process according to its future use. The objective of this work was to rehabilitate a soil degraded by tin mining activities in the Amazon Basin (Jamari National Forest, State of Rondônia) with the application of water treatment sludge (WTS), and verify the effect of sludge on values of pH (CaCl2 0.01 mol L-1), organic matter, P, Ca, Mg, K, H+Al, and soil micronutrient contents when cultivated with native plants, legumes, and grass species. A factorial (3 X 5) experimental design was used to optimize the rehabilitation of these areas including three N rates (100, 200, and 300 mg N kg-1 soil supplied by WTS), five plant species (grasses, legumes, and native plants), and two controls (degraded soil with no fertilizer and degraded soil fertilized with mineral fertilizers), with four replications. WTS increased pH values. The chemical products used to treat the water contributed, in greater extension, to increase soil Ca and Fe contents. The use of WTS as fertilizer proved viable, since it contains nutrients for plants; however, nitrogen should not be used as a criterion to define the rate of sludge application, because it is present at small amounts in the WTS.
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SOUZA, CAROLINE ALMEIDA, AMARILIS LUCIA CASTELI FIGUEIREDO GALLARDO, ÉRICA DONAIRE DA SILVA, YOHANA CUNHA DE MELLO, CIRO ABBUD RIGHI, and MARIA LUCIA SOLERA. "ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES ASSOCIATED WITH THE RECLAMATION OF AREAS DEGRADED BY MINING: POTENTIAL FOR PAYMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES." Ambiente & Sociedade 19, no. 2 (2016): 137–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc129835v1922016.
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Abstract This paper discusses the potential of associating environmental services (ES) with techniques for reclaiming degraded areas (RDA) used in the mining sector, considering the current trends in payments for environmental services (PES) in Brazil. A literature review with content analysis generated results which identified the ES generated for eight cases of RDA in mining. As an example, ES related to soil enhancement were found. A more extended review of general RDA techniques confirmed the potential for associating other ES to RDA techniques used in mining, an example here is the enhancement of carbon stocks. Support for actions could come from existing PES schemes, particularly for cases where the ES identified as associated with an RDA technique are related to soil and water conservation. Concluding remarks indicate that there is a potential scenario for ES diversification in the reclamation stage of mining operations. A first step towards accomplishing this diversification envisages the creation of a PES scheme specific to the mining sector. Further studies are needed to develop criteria for fostering a PES scheme specifically for the reclamation phase of mining operations in Brazil.
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de Aquino-Silva, Maria Regina, Marcos Roberto Simão, Denise da Silva Santos, and Eduardo Jorge de Brito Bastos. "Recovery of Degraded Areas in Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo, Brazil: Performance Indicators." Advanced Materials Research 107 (April 2010): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.107.27.
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The aim of restoration is recompose a new vegetation structure in order to obtain benefits such as the containment of bank erosion, reestablishment of a hydric and nutrient regime, and increase the diversity of species. The present paper evaluated the development of the vegetation introduced as ciliar forest around a mining lagoon through establishing indicators based on the vegetation structure, physic-chemical characteristics of the soil and the water. Results show that the indicators of vegetation, like dying of species and the covering of top were classified as negative factors. Regarding vegetation development, it was considered positive when individuals out of inundation points were analyzed. According to soil indicators, chemical factor pH acid suggests intoxication by aluminum, iron and manganese impeding development of the vegetation in the local. Topographic factor also caused erosion and dying/extinction of species localized in declining points and carried nutrients to the inundation point and finally to the sand mining pool.
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Harantová, Lenka, Ondřej Mudrák, Petr Kohout, Dana Elhottová, Jan Frouz, and Petr Baldrian. "Development of microbial community during primary succession in areas degraded by mining activities." Land Degradation & Development 28, no. 8 (2017): 2574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2817.
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Zawadzki, Jarosław, Piotr Fabijańczyk, and Karol Przeździecki. "Geostatistical Methods as a Tool Supporting Revitalization of Industrially Degraded and Post-Mining Areas." New Trends in Production Engineering 3, no. 1 (2020): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2020-0004.
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AbstractPost-industrial and post-mining areas have often been under strong anthropogenic pressure for a long time. As a result, such areas, after the ending of industrial activity require taking steps to revitalize them. It may cover many elements of the natural or urban environment, such as water, soil, vegetated areas, urban development etc. To carry out revitalization, it is necessary to determine the initial state of such areas, often using selected chemical, geophysical or ecological. After that it is also important to properly monitor the state of such areas to assess the progress of the revitalization process. For this purpose a variety of change detection technics were developed. Post-industrial areas are very often characterized by a large extent, are difficult to access, have complicated land cover. For this reason, it is particularly important to choose appropriate methods to assess the degree of pollution of such areas. Such methods should be as economical as possible and time-effective. A very desirable feature of such methods is that they should allow a quick assessment of the entire area. Geostatistics supplemented by modern remote sensing can be effective for this purpose. Nowadays, using remote sensing, it is possible to gather information simultaneously from the entire, even vast area, with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution. Geostatistics in turn provides many tools that are able to enable rapid analysis and inference based on even very complicated often scarce spatial data sets obtained from ground measurement and satellite observations. The goal of the article was to present selected results obtained using geostatistical methods also related to remote sensing, which may be helpful for decision makers in revitalizing post-industrial and post-mining areas. The results described in this paper were based mostly on the previous studies, carried out by authors.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Areas degraded by mining"
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AraÃjo, Isabel Cristina da Silva. "Potential for revegetation of degraded soil by iron mining using leguminous trees and waste shrimp." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8130.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>Dentre as alternativas para recuperar Ãreas degradadas està a adiÃÃo de resÃduos orgÃnicos visando melhorar a estrutura e a disponibilidade de nutrientes no substrato degradado. No Estado do CearÃ, o resÃduo orgÃnico proveniente de tanques de criaÃÃo de camarÃes (carcinicultura) merece destaque por apresentar teores relevantes de nutrientes e matÃria orgÃnica. O objetivo deste estudo foi comprovar a hipÃtese de que o resÃduo de carcinicultura favorece o desenvolvimento de leguminosas arbÃreas e melhora o substrato degradado. Na etapa inicial do estudo foi feita a caracterizaÃÃo geoquÃmica e fÃsico-quÃmica do resÃduo para identificar a presenÃa de pirita e o risco potencial de acidificaÃÃo. Posteriormente, foi instalado um experimento em casa de vegetaÃÃo com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados e esquema fatorial
5x3, com quatro repetiÃÃes. Os tratamentos foram cinco doses de resÃduo de carcinicultura (0; 2; 4; 8; 12 Mg ha-1) e trÃs espÃcies de leguminosas: Sabià (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth), Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) e Jurema Preta (Mimosa hostilis). TrÃs meses apÃs a adiÃÃo do resÃduo de carcinicultura foi avaliado o crescimento das leguminosas, bem como a fitomassa e o acÃmulo de nutrientes na parte
aÃrea e nas raÃzes. TambÃm foi avaliada a disponibilidade de nutrientes no substrato. Por meio dos resultados da anÃlise geoquÃmica do ferro foi observado baixo grau de piritizaÃÃo e, consequentemente baixo risco de acidificaÃÃo ao utilizar o resÃduo de carcinicultura. Ao final do perÃodo de trÃs meses de avaliaÃÃo do experimento em casa de vegetaÃÃo, constatou-se que as leguminosas arbÃreas responderam positivamente Ãs
doses de resÃduo. As espÃcies que apresentaram maior crescimento em altura e maior fitomassa foram Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia e Mimosa hostilis, apresentando tambÃm
maior acÃmulo de nutrientes. Os efeitos do resÃduo de carcinicultura no solo foram: aumento na condutividade elÃtrica e no pH. Conclui-se que o resÃduo da carcinicultura
favorece o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das leguminosas arbÃreas avaliadas no presente estudo, sem prejudicar atributos quÃmicos e fÃsicos do substrato e permitindo
maior disponibilidade de nutrientes de modo a favorecer o processo de revegetaÃÃo da Ãrea degradada.<br>The addition of organic residues is among the alternatives to rehabilitate
degraded lands, aiming to improve the structure as well as the nutrients availability of
mining spoils. In the Cearà State, the organic residue from shrimp farms (carcinicultura)
deserves attention because it contains relevant amount of nutrients and organic matter.
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that residue from shrimp farms
improves the development of leguminous trees as well as the degraded land. In the
initial phase of this study both geochemical and physical-chemical characterization of
the organic residue were done aiming to identify the presence of pirite, and the potential
risk of acidification. One experiment was set up under controled conditions, in the
experimental design of randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 5x3, with four
replications. The treatments were five rates of organic residue from shrimp farms (0; 2;
4; 8; 12 Mg ha-1) and three leguminous trees species: Sabià (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia
Benth), Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) and Jurema Preta (Mimosa hostilis). Three
months after addition of the organic residue were evaluated the growth of leguminous
trees, the fitomass, as well as the nutrients accumulation in the above ground, and
bellow ground parts of the plants. The availability of nutrients in the substrate also was
evaluated. The results of the geochemical analysis showed low amount of pirite, and
consequently the low risk of acidification by the use of organic residue from shrimp
farms. After a period of three months was observed that leguminous trees presented
positive answer to rates of organic residue. The species that presented higher growth
and fitomass production were Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia and Mimosa hostilis,
presenting also the higher nutrients accumulation. The effects of the organic residue in
the soil were: increase in soil eletric conductivity, and pH. The conclusion is that the
organic residue from shrimp farms improved the growth and development of
leguminous trees in the present study, and it did not damage soil chemical and physical
attributes, allowing higher availability of nutrients to favour plant growth in degraded
land.
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Sousa, Rodolfo Neiva de. "Planning and implementing solutions for artisanal gold mining sites, preventing environmental impacts and rehabilitating degraded areas : a Brazilian case study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27950.
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Artisanal small scale gold mining (ASGM) is a large source of environmental, health and safety problems in more than 70 developing countries, employing more than 15 million people, motivated by the current high price of gold and lack of better economic opportunities. Around 200,000 miners are located in Brazil with 40,000 concentrated in the Tapajos River Basin, in the Amazon. In this region, they extract gold by using rudimentary processes, causing mercury contamination, river siltation and deforestation. This thesis conducted research in the Tapajós region highlighting the strengths of some initiatives introduced by the GEF/UNDP/UNIDO Global Mercury Project from 2002 to 2008. Its training program was delivered to 4,200 artisanal miners in 141 mining sites, and it focused on disseminating 20 good mining practices. Performance indicators have shown that the conformance to standards before and after the program improved from 22 to 51%, with highest success on reduction of mercury (43%) and river siltation (37%), and improvement of sanitation (40%) in the participating sites. This study suggests the use of a heuristic approach to environmental impact assessment and ways to address those variables in intervention programs through training and education. The study also presents a successful rehabilitation initiative using simple local materials. In the participating sites 128 pits were backfilled after training and some of them revegetated. In another case study, a pilot plant to pre-concentrate gold with centrifuge followed by intensive cyanidation of the concentrate in a ball mill has demonstrated to be a fast and advantageous alternative to replace the current 20-day vat leaching or even amalgamation. This pilot study reduced cyanide consumption more than 20 times and may represent an economy of US$150,000/a in NaCN. Finally, this study analyzes 20 Brazilian regulations that affect ASGM, shows that many of them have not been effective, and suggests recommendations that would help to organize the miners and give them proper access to training, technical assistance and technology.
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Oliveira, Leandro de. "Soil recuperation in forest settlements in mining areas in the Tremembé municipality - SP." Universidade de Taubaté, 2006. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=77.
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The recuperation of degraded areas due to mining activity namely sand mining is carried out by the forest recomposition with native species. In the present work the availability of nutrients along with amount of living matter cover accumulated in a native ciliary wood and in five fragments of forest recomposition of areas previously used for sand mining in the municipality of Tremembe SP. Such areas are currently at different phases of vegetative development process, ranging from 1, 5 and 11 years. The content of nutrient, organic matter, soil acidity and total
production of living matter cover and coarse living matter leaves ,twigs and roots were analyzed .The living matter cover was sampled in 1 m2 fragments the 0-20 and 20-40 cm layers at five different random points in the beds and between the beds in all areas. The soil samples were analyzed in terms of the attributes pH, organic matter, P, K, Ca , Mg , H , Al , base aggregation , cation exchange capacity and base saturation percentage. The comparison of the living matter cover production and the chemical attributes between the areas were analyzed by means of variance analysis complemented by the Tukey test. A smaller production of total living matter cover was observed in the fragments over 6, 5 reforestation years. As from that period
however, the relation between the content of the organic matter and the amount of living matter cover in the superficial layer of the soil tends to differ. There is an increase in the nature of organic matter and the reduction of the production of living matter cover possibly due to the
cumulative effect of the organic matter in the soil through the organic composts that are more resistant to decomposition and respond for the humus formation. By means of the analyses of the chemical attributes the soils of the forest fragments were classified as dystrophic and moderately fertile. The nature and level of nutrients presented average values for Ca and Mg, high for P and low for K. The higher values for Ca, Mg and P may be a result of the residual effect of the fertilization carried out during the planting process.<br>A recuperação de áreas degradadas devido à exploração mineraria, notadamente pela extração de areia, é realizada pela recomposição florestal com espécies nativas. No presente trabalho analisou-se a disponibilidade de nutrientes e a quantidade de serapilheira acumulada em um fragmento de mata ciliar nativa e em cinco fragmentos de recomposição florestal de áreas anteriormente utilizadas para exploração de areia no município de Tremembé, SP. Estas áreas apresentam-se em processo de desenvolvimento vegetativo com períodos diferentes, variando de 1,5 a 11 anos. Foi analisado o teor de nutrientes, matéria orgânica, acidez do solo e a produção da serapilheira total e fracionada em folhas, ramos e raízes. As serapilheira foi amostrada em parcelas de 1m2, nas camadas 0-20 e 20-40 cm em cinco pontos escolhidos aleatoriamente nas leiras e entre leiras, em todas as áreas. Nas amostras de solo analisaram-se os atributos pH, matéria orgânica, Fósforo, Potássio, Cálcio, Magnésio, Hidrogênio, Alumínio, soma de bases, capacidade de troca catiônica e porcentagem de saturação de base. A comparação da produção de serapilheira e dos atributos químicos entre as áreas foi analisada por meio de análise de variância complementada pelo teste de Tukey. Observou-se menor produção de serapilheira total nos fragmentos a partir de 6,5 anos de reflorestamento. Entretanto, a partir deste período, a relação entre o teor de matéria orgânica e a quantidade de serapilheira da camada superficial do solo tende a diferir, com aumento no teor de matéria orgânica e redução da produção de serapilheira, decorrente, possivelmente, do efeito acumulativo da matéria orgânica no solo através de compostos orgânicos mais resistentes à decomposição responsáveis pela formação do húmus. Por meio das análises dos atributos químicos, os solos dos fragmentos florestais foram classificados como distróficos e de fertilidade moderada. Os teores dos nutrientes apresentaram valores médios para cálcio e magnésio, alto para o fósforo e baixo para o potássio. Os valores mais elevados de
cálcio, magnésio e fósforo podem ser decorrentes do efeito residual da adubação realizada na época do plantio.
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Silva, Edmilson Alves da. "Avalia??o da recupera??o natural de ?reas degradadas pelo garimpo de diamante no Vale do Rio S?o Jos? em Len??is/BA." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/198.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-27<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES<br>The present work examined the floristic compositions and structures, and the similarities between seven areas degraded by mechanized diamond mining along the S?o Jos? River Valley (12o34? to 12?36? S - 41o22? to 41?35? W), in the municipality of Len??is, Bahia State, Brazil, after 23 years of abandonment and natural regeneration and compared them to an area of intact gallery forest along the same river. The collections were made between the months of April and December/2011 along 1 x 100 m transects established in each of the seven areas, applying the point method. A previously compiled species list was used to compare the seven recovering areas with an intact riverine forest site. A total of 62 species were encountered, distributed among 53 genera and 26 families. The families demonstrating the greatest species richness were Leguminosae (16), Poaceae (11), Cyperaceae (7), Melastomataceae (6), Malvaceae (4), and Lycopodiaceae (2). The sum of the richnesses of these families represented fully 74% of the total number of species recorded in the present study. In terms of the plant habits, 11 species (15%) were arboreal, 17 (26%) shrubs, 28 (42%) herbaceous, 07(11%) sub-shrubs, and 04 (6%) vines. The species demonstrating the greatest Relative Vigor and Cover were Sebastiania corniculata, Aristida setifolia, and Homolepis aturensis. The slow natural regeneration of these areas was apparently due to the modification of the soil structure by the mechanized mining, as judged by the greater similarity (although low) between the areas regenerating for the longest periods and the intact gallery forest site along the same river as performing solo one little more structured.c<br>Este trabalho verificou a composi??o flor?stica, estrutura e similaridade entre sete ?reas degradadas pelo garimpo de diamantes no vale do rio S?o Jos? (12o34? e 12?36? S - 41o22? e 41?35? W), munic?pio de Len??is, Bahia, ap?s decorridos 13 anos de registros sobre a regenera??o natural, e comparou com a floresta ciliar do mesmo rio. As coletas foram realizadas entre abril a dezembro de 2011 ao longo de um transecto de 1m x 100m em cada uma das ?reas onde foi aplicado o m?todo de pontos em cada uma das ?reas. Para comparar com o remanescente florestal do entorno, foi usada a lista de esp?cies da floresta ciliar elaborada previamente. Foram amostradas 62 esp?cies distribu?das em 53 g?neros e 26 fam?lias. As fam?lias com maior riqueza de esp?cies s?o Leguminosae (16), Poaceae (11), Cyperaceae (7), Melastomataceae (6), Malvaceae (4), Lycopodiaceae (2). O somat?rio da riqueza destas fam?lias representa 74% do total das esp?cies levantadas neste estudo. Em termos de h?bito foram encontradas 11 (15%) esp?cies arb?reas, 17 (26%) esp?cies arbustivas, 28 (42%) herb?ceas, 07(11%) subarbustivas e 04 (6%) trepadeiras. As esp?cies que mais se destacaram por Vigor Relativo e Cobertura foram Sebastiania corniculata, Aristida setifolia e Homolepis aturensis. A lenta regenera??o natural das ?reas se deve ?s m?s condi??o do solo que apresenta-se modificado pelas a??es do garimpo, tendo sido evidenciada uma maior similaridade, embora baixa, entre as ?reas de maior tempo de abandono que apresentam solo um pouca mais estruturado e o remanescente florestal ciliar do rio S?o Jos?.
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Bitar, Omar Yazbek. "Avaliação da recuperação de áreas degradadas por mineração na região metropolitana de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-25102001-165349/.
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Este estudo compreende uma avaliação de procedimentos e medidas de recuperação de áreas degradadas por mineração na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo- RMSP. Inicialmente, apresenta-se o problema investigado e a hipótese que orientou a pesquisa. Destaca-se o caráter incipiente dos trabalhos de recuperação efetuados na RMSP e o papel relevante que poderiam ter em face do contexto urbano(Capítulo 1). Descreve-se o método adotado na realização da pesquisa, ressaltando o levantamento de 42 minas ativas (17 de brita, 15 de areia, 4 de caulim, 3 de argila, 1 de calcário, 1 de quartizito e 1 de rocha ornamental), 11 minas desativadas e 54 antigas áreas de mineração atualmente ocupadas por outros usos, totalizando 107 áreas estudadas (Capítulo 2). Apresenta-se um breve panorama mundial e nacional sobre o tema da recuperação de áreas degradadas por mineração. Inclui-se uma discussão sobre conceitos básicos, métodos e técnicas comumente empregados em minas ativas, usos pós-mineração freqüentes e instrumentos legais, institucionais e empresariais utilizados no planejamento e gerenciamento da questão (Capítulo 3). Avaliam-se os procedimentos relacionados ao planejamento da recuperação na RMSP, tendo como referência a análise de 91 Planos de Recuperação de Áreas Degradadas - Prads relativos a minerações ativas e desativadas na RMSP (Capítulo 4). As medidas de recuperação praticadas em minas ativas na RMSP são avaliadas quanto às finalidades desejadas, procedimentos adotados e desempenho obtido (Capítulo 5). Discutem-se aspectos relacionados à instalação de usos pós-mineração na RMSP, tendo como base o estudo em minas desativadas e a análise sobre a reabilitação de antigas áreas de mineração que se encontram atualmente ocupadas de forma desordenada ou planejada (Capítulo 6). Ao final, sintetizam-se as conclusões gerais obtidas, contemplando os aspectos principais sobre as medidas de recuperação e a instalação de usos pós-mineração na RMSP (Capítulo 7).<br>This work deals with the assessment of mine reclamation procedures in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region (RMSP). It begin with the presentation of the problem and of the hypothesis which orientated the research work. The very incipient character of the reclamation works is emphazised as well its potential role in urban areas (Chapter 1). Chapter 2 describes the research method. 42 ative mines (17 of aggregate, 15 of sand, 4 of kaolin, 3 of clay, 1 of limestone and 1 of dimension stone) are studied in the RMSP. Other 11 inactive mines and 54 ancient mine sites are also studied. An overview about mine reclamation is presented in the research. It includes some basic concepts, procedures about reclamation in urban areas and after-mining uses (Chapter 3). 91 plans for the reclamation mine (Prads) related to active and inactive mines in the RMSP are also studied (Chapter 4). Procedures for reclamation are evaluated with reference to the final results achieved (Chapter 5). Aspects related to after-mining uses in the RMSP are discussed in Chapter 6. Conclusions achieved are summarized in Chapter 7.
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Ribeiro, Admilson Irio. "Mecanização no preparo de solo em areas degradadas por mineração na Floresta Nacional do Jamari (Rondonia-BR)." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257141.
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Previous issue date: 2005<br>Resumo: A utilização dos recursos naturais de uma nação implica diretamente na manipulação de ambientes naturais da superfície terrestre. Nesse cenário, estimativas indicam que a mineração contribui em um por cento na degradação dos solos do planeta. Observa-se que, mesmo parecendo um valor pequeno esse percentual denota uma alta intensidade de degradação. Esta degradação ao meio provoca grandes modificações ao sistema, tendo um forte efeito perturbador na paisagem, porque requer a remoção da vegetação, do solo e das rochas que estejam acima dos depósitos minerais. De acordo com a legislação ambiental vigente no Brasil e o processo de globalização mercadológico, intensifica-se o compromisso das nações em relação à preservação do meio ambiente. Surge, então, em função das respostas negativas da natureza ao seu intensivo uso, uma conscientização, por parte de empresas e órgãos, de que a ação antrópica sobre o meio tem que ser minimizada, tornando-se um desafio: desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho utilizou-se da mecanização do preparo de solo, como uma técnica para aplicar em larga escala, as estratégias e métodos de recuperação de áreas mineradas, que foram pesquisadas e desenvolvidas experimentalmente por pesquisadores em um projeto temático de recuperação de áreas degradadas. Este trabalho foi realizado no ecossistema amazônico dentro da Floresta Nacional do Jamari Rondônia (FLONA do Jamari) em minas de cassiterita desativadas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: 1. Desenvolver um programa computacional capaz de gerenciar um banco de dados e auxiliar na seleção de máquinas e métodos de preparo para executar as operações de recomposição topográfica e preparo de superfícies em áreas degradadas por exploração mineral de cassiterita. 2. Utilizar o programa desenvolvido no planejamento de custos e desempenho operacional, para as operações requeridas nas estratégias de recuperação das áreas. 3. Analisar a produtividade vegetal nas áreas mobilizadas e qualidade da mobilização superficial, utilizando-se de indicadores e métodos de preparo do solo. 4. Avaliar por meio de indicadores biológicos a eficiência das estratégias e técnicas de recuperação que foram mecanizadas e aplicadas no local. Os resultados mostraram que: o programa computacional (SGMAD) desenvolvido atendeu aos propósitos metodológicos estabelecidos (análise de custos e capacidade operacional) para o planejamento e a seleção de máquinas e métodos de preparo nas áreas de exploração mineral de cassiterita. Os métodos e a qualidade da mobilização superficial aplicados foram significativos para o desenvolvimento de leguminosas nas áreas. O uso de indicadores biológicos (biomassa microbiana e atividade enzimática) na avaliação das técnicas e estratégias adotadas revelou que o plantio de leguminosas e sua posterior incorporação vêm promovendo alterações graduais positivas em alguns dos parâmetros de solo/substrato analisados<br>Abstract: The usage of a nation's natural resources directly implies the manipulation of natural environments on the terrestrial surface. In this scenario, estimates indicate that mining contributes to one percent of the degradation of the soils of the planet. It is observable that, although it seems to be a small number, this percentage denotes a high intensity of degradation. This degradation of the environment provokes large modifications of the system, having a strong disturbing effect on the landscape, for it requires the removal of the vegetation, the soil and the rocks that are above the mineral deposits. According to the environmental legislation enforced in Brazil and the process of marketing globalization, the commitment of the nations to the preservation of the environment is intensified. By reason of nature's negative responses to its intensive use, an awareness then appears from enterprises and agencies about how the anthropic action over the environment needs to be minimized, becoming a challenge: development and sustainability. In this context, the present work made use of the Mechanical tillage of the soil, as a technique to apply, in a large scale, the strategies and methods to recover mined areas that were researched and developed experimentally by researchers on a theme project about the recovering of degraded areas. This work was conducted in the Amazon ecosystem, inside the Jamari National Forest ¿ Rondônia (FLONA do Jamari), in deactivated cassiterite mines. The objectives of this work were to: 1. Develop a computational program capable of managing a database and assist in the selection of machines and preparation methods to execute the operations of topographical recomposition and tillage of surfaces in areas degraded by the mineral exploitation of cassiterite. 2. Use the program that was developed in the planning of costs and operationa development, for the operations required in the strategies for recovering the areas. 3. Analyze the vegetable productivity in the mobilized areas and the quality of the superficial mobilization, making use of indicators and tillage methods. 4. Evaluate, through biological indicators, the efficiency of the recovery strategies and techniques that were mechanized and applied on the location. The results showed that: the developed computational program (SGMAD) served the methodological purposes (the analysis of costs and operational capacity) established for the planning and the selection of the tillage machines and methods in the areas of mineral exploitation of cassiterite. The applied methods and quality of the superficial mobilization were significant to the development of leguminous plants in the areas. The use of biological indicators (microbial biomass and enzymatic activity) in the evaluation of the adopted techniques and strategies revealed that the planting of leguminous plants and their posterior incorporation have been promoting gradually positive alterations in some of the analyzed soil/substract parameters<br>Doutorado<br>Maquinas Agricolas<br>Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
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Neri, Ana Claudia. "Avaliação da eficácia de medidas de recuperação ambiental em mineração de calcário para cimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-22012008-115814/.
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A gestão do processo de recuperação de uma área degradada pela mineração consiste em três etapas principais: planejamento; implementação das medidas de correção ou prevenção e implementação de gestão. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido um instrumento de avaliação que pode ser usado por órgãos públicos ou por empresas de mineração para auxiliar no controle e melhoria das práticas de recuperação ambiental. A avaliação é feita por meio da aplicação de um roteiro, fundamentado nas boas práticas internacionais e nacionais relacionadas à recuperação ambiental de minas. Para fins de teste e calibração, os roteiros foram aplicados em três minas de calcário, nas quais se verificou que as evidências - visuais, documentais e verbais (obtidas por meio de entrevistas) - coletadas devem ser interpretadas dentro de um contexto que envolva o entendimento das características ambientais e operacionais particulares de cada mina. As categorias de classificação da avaliação da eficácia de medidas de recuperação ambiental foram definidas em: eficaz, parcialmente eficaz, não eficaz e não se aplica. Ante aos resultados, foi possível identificar um \"cenário atual\" das práticas de recuperação ambiental empregadas em cada mina inspecionada e consequentemente recomendar ações visando a melhoria das práticas atuais e a redução de um futuro passivo ambiental. Diante destes resultados, conclui-se que o procedimento de avaliação da eficácia de medidas de recuperação ambiental desenvolvido nesta pesquisa é adequado, mas sua aplicação somente pode ser feita por um profissional que detenha alguma experiência no assunto, fator primordial para o julgamento e contextualização das evidências coletadas. O roteiro proposto nesta pesquisa ainda pode ser aplicado em outras minas de diferentes minerais e pedreiras.<br>The reclamation process management of an area degraded by mining activity consists of three main steps: planning. application of correction or prevention measures and monitoring. In this work, an assessment tool to be used by public bodies or by mining companies in order to support the control and improvement of environmental reclamation practices was developed. The assessment has been carried out with a script based on the national and international good practices regarding environmental reclamation in mines. For testing and calibration purposes, the scripts were applied in three limestone mines. The conclusion is that the evidences - visual, documental and verbal (interview) - must be analyzed in a context which involves the understanding of the environmental and operational characteristics in each mine. The categories for classification of the efficacy assessment of environmental reclamation measures have been defined as: efficacious, partially efficacious, non-efficacious and not applicable. Considering the results, it was possible to identify a \"current scenario\" of the environmental reclamation practices used in each inspected mine and consequently recommend actions to improve the current practices and reduce a future environmental liability. It was concluded that the procedure of the efficacy assessment of the environmental reclamation practices developed in this research is appropriate, but its application can only be made by a professional that presents some experience in the subject. It is a decisive factor for the evaluation and contextualization of the collected evidences. The proposed script for this research can still be applied in other mines with different minerals and quarries.
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Rondino, Eltiza. "Áreas verdes como redestinação de áreas degradadas pela mineração: estudo de casos nos municípios de Riberião Preto, Itu e Campinas, estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-18112005-145549/.
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A finalidade das áreas verdes é oferecer, à população dos grandes centros urbanos, oportunidades de lazer, recreação, bem-estar, aumentando, assim, sua qualidade de vida e seu contato com a natureza. O aumento do índice de áreas verdes nas cidades, expresso pela metragem quadrada de espaços livres de uso público em relação à sua população absoluta, induz a diversas manifestações sociais e culturais e amplia a integração da comunidade, inibindo o uso de tempo e energia com atividades danosas à sociedade, inclusive a violência. A recuperação e reabilitação das áreas degradadas pela mineração tornaram-se obrigatoriedade legal, a partir de 1988, com o advento da atual Constituição Brasileira. A existência de diversos sítios degradados nas áreas urbanas dos municípios, resultantes da extração mineral, constituindo espaços livres abandonados e a necessidade de cumprimento da legislação, incentiva a ocupação de tais locais por áreas verdes. A redestinação destes locais degradados pela mineração, em áreas verdes públicas, é uma das alternativas mais eficientes em aumentar o índice de áreas verdes das grandes cidades e ampliar suas opções de lazer. Com o objetivo de aliar o cumprimento da legislação vigente sobre recuperação de áreas degradadas, com as funções primordiais da criação de áreas verdes, foram analisados três casos de áreas verdes públicas paulistas, que outrora foram mineradas para a extração de materiais aproveitados na construção civil e utilizaram o mesmo método de lavra. Os locais escolhidos para estudo foram o Parque Luiz Roberto Jábali, o Parque do Varvito e a Praça Dr. Ulisses Guimarães, localizados, respectivamente, nos Municípios de Ribeirão Preto, Itu e Campinas. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o de estudo de caso. A parte teórica do trabalho consistiu no levantamento de dados bibliográficos regionais e locais sobre as áreas de estudo. A parte prática consistiu no levantamento de dados em campo sobre a situação atual de cada uma das áreas verdes estudadas, através de visitas técnicas para coleta dos dados primários, por meio da comunicação e da observação direta sistemática. A manutenção do Parque Prefeito Luiz Roberto Jábali foi considerada altamente positiva. O local cumpre as funções primordiais de uma área verde, além de contribuir para o aumento do índice de áreas verdes do Município de Ribeirão Preto. O Parque do Varvito apresenta algumas benfeitorias mal conservadas, porém cumpre suas funções culturais e paisagísticas, elevando, também, o índice de áreas verdes do Município. A Praça Dr. Ulisses Guimarães encontra-se abandonada pela Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas e, embora eleve o índice de áreas verdes do Município, não atinge os objetivos básicos de uma área verde municipal. Os sítios urbanos degradados pela mineração são potenciais opções de aumento do índice de áreas verdes num determinado Município. Contudo, somente atingirão tais funções, contemplando bemestar, lazer e recreação à população, quando a conservação e a manutenção forem bem conduzidas pelas políticas governamentais de gestão e fiscalizadas pela comunidade.<br>The purpose of a green area or public park is to offer the population of large urban centers an area where they can enjoy leisure and recreation, thus increasing their quality of life and contact with nature. The ratio of green in a city, expressed by the area of public space such as parks divided by the population, is linked to numerous social and cultural manifestations and increases community integration, inhibiting the use of time and energy with activities that can be considered harmful to society, including violence. The recovery and rehabilitation of areas degraded by mining are required by law since 1988, after the promulgation of the Brazilian Constitution. The fact that there is a great number of sites in cities urban areas that have been degraded as a result of mineral extraction and later become public areas covered by vegetation, has led to making public parks a common alternative when recovering an area, especially because of legal requirements. It is one of the most efficient alternatives when it comes to increasing green areas and leisure spots. It was with the objective of joining compliance with the current legislation on rehabilitation of degraded areas with the basic functions of increasing the number of green areas, that three such areas were analyzed; all in the State of São Paulo and all formerly mined for construction material using the same extraction procedures. The areas chosen for the study were the Parque Luiz Roberto Jábali, the Parque do Varvito and the Praça Dr. Ulisses Guimarães, located respectively in the Municipalities of Ribeirão Preto, Itu and Campinas. The survey method used was the case study. The theoretical aspect of the study consisted in finding local and regional bibliographical data on the areas. The practical aspect consisted in gathering field data on the current situation of each one studied, by means of conducting technical visits for primary data collection through direct and systematic observation. Maintenance of the Parque Prefeito Luiz Roberto Jábali was considered very positive. The location achieves the primary purposes of a green area, and also makes a contribution to the ratio of green in the Municipality of Ribeirão Preto. The Parque do Varvito presents a few positive aspects as far as what it offers, but maintenance has been fairly poor. It does, nonetheless, carry out its cultural and landscaping functions, also helping the ratio of green. The Praça Dr. Ulisses Guimarães has been abandoned by the Municipal Authorities and contributes only to the green area in Campinas, not achieving the primary goals of a Municipal green area. The recovery of a degraded mining is an option for increasing the area of green in a given Municipality; it will, however, only fulfill the purposes of urban green areas, i.e. to increase overall well-being of the population by offering leisure and recreation, when it is duly preserved and maintained with help from government policies and the community.
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Longo, Mariana Hortelani Carneseca. "Serviços ecossistêmicos e a atividade minerária: um estudo de caso no Vale do Ribeira, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-28072014-111523/.
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As atividades antrópicas vêm continuamente influenciando as transformações no ordenamento do solo. A mineração, em suas fases de operação e desativação, é um dos maiores agentes de mudança do uso do solo e alteração da paisagem, o que, consequentemente, resulta em modificações na dinâmica das funções ecológicas, interferindo na oferta de serviços ecossistêmicos. Considerando a inclusão da abordagem dos serviços ecossistêmicos na avaliação ambiental de empreendimentos, a partir de um estudo de caso em uma mineração de rocha fosfática (apatita), localizada no município de Cajati - SP, o presente estudo teve como objetivo responder a seguinte questão: a atividade de mineração interfere na oferta local de serviços ecossistêmicos? Para isso, o método de análise utilizado foi fundamentado em um modelo de avaliação não monetária, com base nos padrões da atividade de mineração ao longo do tempo e do espaço, bem como na capacidade das diferentes classes de uso e ocupação do solo dessa atividade em fornecer serviços ecossistêmicos. O estudo concluiu que todos os serviços ecossistêmicos avaliados são afetados pelos impactos ambientais gerados pela atividade minerária, sendo que a alteração na extensão da área ocupada por floresta nativa - tanto redução quanto aumento - é o que mais influenciou no fornecimento de serviços ecossistêmicos potenciais. Além disso, a atividade minerária ao alterar o padrão de uso e ocupação do solo e, consequentemente, alterar as funções ecológicas locais, reduziu progressivamente a oferta de múltiplos serviços ecossistêmicos e, por outro lado, a recuperação das áreas degradadas pela atividade minerária, recobrindo o solo com espécies de gramíneas e promovendo o plantio de espécies arbóreas nativas, resultou no aumento da oferta local dos serviços ecossistêmicos potenciais. A partir destes resultados fica evidente a importância das ações de recuperação de áreas degradadas pela atividade minerária para o aumento da oferta de serviços ecossistêmicos. Dessa forma, recomendou-se inserir a análise de serviços ecossistêmicos na avaliação de impactos ambientais de empreendimentos minerários, visto que a ferramenta de avaliação baseada em serviços ecossistêmicos permite identificar conflitos e sinergias entre as atividades antrópicas e os ecossistemas, fornecendo subsídios para identificar medidas adicionais de mitigação de impactos e de compensação ambiental.<br>Human activities have continuously influenced changes in land management. Mining in its operational and decommissioning stages, is one of the biggest agents of change in the landscape and land use, which consequently results in changes in the dynamics of the ecological functions, interfering with the supply of ecosystem services. Taking into account the ecosystem services approach in environmental project assessments and based on a case study of a rock phosphate mining operation, located in the town of Cajati - SP, this study aimed to answer the following question: does the mining activity interfere in the local supply of ecosystem services? As such, the method of analysis was based on a framework of non-monetary assessment itself based on the established patterns of the mining activity over time and space, as well as the ability of different land uses to provide ecosystem services. The result of the study was that all the analyzed ecosystem services are affected by the environmental impacts of the mining activity, and that change in the extension of the native forest (as decrease as increase) is what most affects the potential supply of ecosystem services. Moreover, as the mining activity alters the pattern of land use and occupation and consequently alters the local ecological functions, it progressively reduces the provision of multiple ecosystem services. On the other hand, the recovery of degraded areas by mining activities, covering the soil with grass species and promoting the planting of native species, allowed for the growth of the local supply of potential ecosystem services. From these results, the importance of area recovery actions is evident in increasing the supply of ecosystem services. Thus, the inclusion of the analysis of ecosystem services in the environmental impact assessment of projects is recomended, as the assessment tool based on ecosystem services allows us to identify synergies and conflicts between human activities and ecosystems, providing input to identify additional actions for impact mitigation and environmental compensation.
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Vieira, Elisa Hardt Alves. "O licenciamento ambiental de portos de areia da bacia do rio Corumbataí como instrumento para a recuperação de áreas de preservação permanente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-09052006-153754/.
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Este trabalho avaliou se os instrumentos legais do licenciamento ambiental da extração de areia contribuem para a recuperação das Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP), além disso, investigou as condições e os recursos dos órgãos envolvidos e o grau de informação dos proprietários. A área de estudo foi a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Corumbataí, localizada no Estado de São Paulo. A estratégia de estudo se baseou: a) na análise dos processos de licenciamento ambiental e mineral dos 36 empreendimentos existentes na bacia; b) na análise de campo dos plantios em APP de 21 portos de extração de areia de leito de rio; c) em entrevistas com 15 empreendedores e 15 funcionários dos cinco principais órgãos envolvidos. Foi verificado que a maioria dos órgãos envolvidos apresentam alguma dificuldade na atribuição de suas funções dentro do licenciamento, o que reside principalmente da carência de recurso humano, além da carência de recursos financeiros e materiais e de condições de preparo dos técnicos envolvidos. As irregularidades ambientais e legais dos portos de areia são função de uma soma de fatores, entre eles, a falta de informação e negligência dos empreendedores e a lentidão e os elevados custos do licenciamento ambiental e mineral. A avaliação final mostrou que 52% dos plantios podem ser classificados como ruins, 38% como regulares e somente 10% puderam ser considerados como bom e ótimo. Na maioria das vezes, as técnicas de reflorestamento utilizadas não atenderam aos critérios mínimos para o restabelecimento da estrutura e da função de uma floresta. Foi evidenciado ainda uma situação preocupante de perda de biodiversidade, uma vez que a maioria dos plantios e projetos de reflorestamento possui baixa diversidade em espécies e uma tendência à homogeneidade florística quando comparado com áreas naturais. Chama a atenção o insucesso dos plantios efetivados. Grande parte deles apresentou alta mortalidade, baixa densidade, baixa cobertura do solo por sombreamento da copa, fisionomia florestal sem estrutura vertical bem definida, serapilheira ausente ou escassa e regeneração ausente ou de baixas quantidade e qualidade. Os projetos de recuperação por reflorestamento não são satisfatoriamente cumpridos pelos empreendedores e a maioria mostrou uma listagem florística idêntica a de outros projetos. Além disso, se fossem implementados, na sua maioria, não garantiriam a manutenção da biodiversidade natural das matas ciliares. De acordo com os resultados, pode-se inferir que os atuais instrumentos legais do licenciamento ambiental dos portos de areia não estão contribuindo para a recuperação das APP da Bacia do Rio Corumbataí. Entretanto, o licenciamento ambiental da atividade parece estar contribuindo com a conservação das matas naturais ainda existentes na bacia, em função da atual política ambiental de não desmatamento de novas matas em APP.<br>The purposes of this work were to evaluate whether the environmental licensing legislation for sand mining contributes to the recovery of the riparian vegetation of the Permanent Preservation Areas (river buffer zones), as well as the conditions and resources availability of the involved agencies, and the land owners information level. The study area was the Corumbatai River basin, located in the State of São Paulo. The study strategy involved: a) the analysis of the environmental licensing procedures of the 36 existing mining sites in the river basin; b) field analysis of the seedlings growth in the revegetated areas in the 21 sand mining sites; c) interviews with 15 entrepreneurs and 15 officers of the five main agencies involved. It was observed that most agencies have problems with their own attributions in the licensing process, mainly owing to human resource deficiencies, lack of financial and material resources, and poor conditions for the adequate technical capacitating of the responsible officers. The environmental and legal irregularities of the sand mining sites are due to several factors, such as entrepreneurs misinformation and negligence, slowness and high costs involved in the environmental and mineral licensing. A final evaluation showed that 52% of the revegetation areas could be classified as bad, 38% as regular, and only 10% could be considered good or excellent. Generally, the revegetation techniques used did not meet the minimal criteria for reestablishing the riparian forest structure and function. A worrying situation regarding biodiversity loss was also evidenced, since most of the revegetation projects presented low species diversity and a tendency to floristic homogeneity, as compared to what is observed in natural areas. Most of the revegetated areas showed high mortality rate, low density, little soil cover due to canopy shading, poorly defined vertical structure, absense or inadequate litter and absence or low regeneration quantity and quality. Revegetation projects are not succesfully accomplished by the entrepreneurs and most of them showed an identical floristic list of species to those found in previous projects. Moreover, if such projects were implemented, they would probably not guarantee the maintenance of the natural biodiversity of riparian forests. According to the results, it can be inferred that the current environmental licensing legislation of sand mining sites are not contributing to the recovery of the riparian vegetation in the Corumbatai River basin. However, the environmental licensing of the sand mining activity may seem to be contributing to the conservation of the remaining natural forests in the basin, due to the current environmental policy that prohibities the cutting of riparian forests.
Books on the topic "Areas degraded by mining"
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Philippines. Ecosystems Research and Development Service. A research compendium of rehabilitation strategies for mining and volcanic debris-laden areas: Rehabilitation and ecological restoration R and D for marginal and degraded landscapes and seascapes. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau, 2012.
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2
Munshower, Frank F. Floodplain rehabilitation along streams degraded by mining and milling wastes. Montana State University, Reclamation Research Unit, 1992.
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3
Nille, Bernd. New methods of cultivation of degraded soils and steep slopes resulting from mining. Canadian Land Reclamation Association, 1987.
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4
COMA (Symposium on Construction Over Mined Areas (1992 Pretoria, South Africa). COMA: Construction Over Mined Areas. South Arican Institution of Civil Engineers, 1992.
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5
Society, Gujarat Ecological. Ecological restoration strategies for mining areas of Gujarat. The Society, 1997.
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Barnes, William. Report on areas of the Merigomish Coal Mining Company. s.n.], 1992.
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Vagholikar, Neeraj. Undermining India: Impacts of mining on ecologically sensitive areas. Kalpavriksh, 2004.
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Spruill, T. B. Assessment of water resources in lead-zinc mined areas in Cherokee County, Kansas, and adjacent areas. U.S. G.P.O., 1987.
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Spruill, T. B. Assessment of water resources in lead-zinc mined areas in Cherokee County, Kansas, and adjacent areas. U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.
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Metz, Paul A. Metallogeny of the Fairbanks mining district, Alaska, and adjacent areas. Mineral Industry Research Laboratory, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Areas degraded by mining"
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Malakhanov, K., C. Jansen, and J. Köngeter. "GIS-Aided Modelling of Groundwater Situations in Open Pit Mining Areas." In Restoration of Degraded Rivers: Challenges, Issues and Experiences. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2894-2_27.
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Birkhölzer, J., S. Opheys, and G. Rouvé. "A Conceptual Study on the Rehabilitation of the Lignite Mining Area South of Leipzig." In Restoration of Degraded Rivers: Challenges, Issues and Experiences. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2894-2_4.
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Lima, Paulo César Fernandes, Adriano Quadros Lima, and Marcos Antonio Drumond. "Choice of Species for Recovering a Degraded Mining Area in the Semiarid Zone of Brasil." In Conserving Biodiversity in Arid Regions. Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0375-0_21.
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Fazekašová, Danica, and Juraj Fazekaš. "Bioindication and Bioremediation of Mining Degraded Soil." In Rhizomicrobiome Dynamics in Bioremediation. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367821593-2.
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Harris, Stuart A., Anatoli Brouchkov, and Cheng Guodong. "Mining in permafrost areas." In Geocryology. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315166988-19.
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Maiti, Subodh Kumar. "Ecological Impact Assessment of Surface Mining Project." In Ecorestoration of the coalmine degraded lands. Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0851-8_16.
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Montrone, Silvestro, and Paola Perchinunno. "Clustering for the Localization of Degraded Urban Areas." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2012. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31075-1_8.
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Blay, Dominic. "Restoration of Deforested and Degraded Areas in Africa." In A Goal-Oriented Approach to Forest Landscape Restoration. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5338-9_11.
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Kemeuze, V. A., D. J. Sonwa, P. M. Mapongmetsem, L. Verchot, Evariste Fongnzossie, and B. A. Nkongmeneck. "Land Use Management by Smallholders’Households as a Promising Way for Synergies Between the Rio Conventions: Case Study in Semi-Arid Areas of Cameroon." In Agroforestry for Degraded Landscapes. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4136-0_6.
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Hartig, John H., and Michael A. Zarull. "Methods of Restoring Degraded Areas in the Great Lakes." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3054-0_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Areas degraded by mining"
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Slave, Camelia. "REMEDIATION OF DEGRADED MINING AREAS WITH PLANTS." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018v/4.3/s06.043.
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Michalski, Krzysztof. "ANALYSIS OF DEGRADED POST-MINING AREAS FOR RE-DEVELOPMENT � CASE STUDY." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/13/s03.008.
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Ribeiro, A. I., A. J. S. Maciel, R. M. Longo, W. J. Melo, and R. W. Lourenço. "Mechanical tillage of degraded mining areas at Jamari National Forest (Amazonian Forest, Rondônia – BR)." In BROWNFIELDS 2010. WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/bf100161.
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Michalski, Krzysztof. "CONCEPT OF A MODEL DATABASE ENABLING DATA STORAGE FOR PURPOSES OF INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS ASSESSMENT OF DEGRADED POST-MINING AREAS." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b21/s8.069.
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Gonçalves, Luan A., Ronaldo F. Zampolo, and Fabrício B. Barros. "A multi-stream dense network with different receptive fields to assess visual quality." In VII Symposium on Knowledge Discovery, Mining and Learning. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/kdmile.2019.8790.
Full textAbstract:
The prediction of visual quality is crucial in image and video systems. Image quality metrics based on the mean square error prevail in the field, due to their mathematical straightforwardness, even though they do not correlate well with the visual human perception. Latest achievements in the area support that the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) to assess perceptual visual quality is a clear trend. Results in other applications, like blur detection and de-raining, indicate the combination of different receptive fields (i.e., convolutional kernels with different dimensions) improves a CNN performance. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of different receptive fields in visual quality characterization is still an open issue. Thus, in this paper, we investigate the influence of using different receptive fields to predict image distortion. Specifically, we propose a multi-stream dense network that estimates a spatially-varying quality metric parameter from either reference or distorted images. The performance of the proposed method is compared with a competing state-of-the-art approach by using a public image database. Results show the proposed strategy outperforms the competing technique when the quality metric parameter is estimated from degraded images.
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Ivantsova, Elena, Raim Fayziev, and Oleg Dordzhiev. "Improvement of Degraded Pastures of Northwestern Caspian Areas." In IV International Scientific and Practical Conference 'Anthropogenic Transformation of Geospace: Nature, Economy, Society' (ATG 2019). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.200202.018.
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Ribeiro, A. I., R. M. Longo, W. J. Melo, et al. "Recovery of degraded areas using topsoil in the Amazon rainforest." In Sustainability Today. WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/st110431.
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Bialy, Witold. "POST-MINING AREAS RECLAMATION � CASE STUDY." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION AND MINING. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b13/s3.058.
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Aggarwal, Saloni, and Veenu Mangat. "Application Areas of Web Usage Mining." In 2015 Fifth International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies (ACCT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acct.2015.115.
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Longo, R. M., A. Í. Ribeiro, W. J. de Melo, A. C. Demanboro, and S. C. Bettine. "Characterization studies for the recovery of land degraded by mining." In Sustainability Today. WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/st110421.
Full textReports on the topic "Areas degraded by mining"
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van Staal, C. R., R. A. Wilson, N. Rogers, et al. Geology, Bathurst mining camp and surrounding areas, New Brunswick. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/213046.
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Mack, S. F., and M. A. Moorman. Hydrologic investigations of water quality in selected placer-mining areas in interior Alaska, summer 1986. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/2455.
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WoldeGabriel, G. Hydrothermal systems in two areas of the Jemez volcanic field: Sulphur Springs and the Cochiti mining district. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6513705.
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K.N., Funoh. The impacts of artisanal gold mining on local livelihoods and the environment in the forested areas of Cameroon. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005089.
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Connell, S., P. Hunt, and T. J. Katsube. Electrical conductivity mechanism of sericitic schist samples from Giant and Con mine areas, Yellowknife mining district, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/220190.
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Berkowitz, Jacob, Christine VanZomeren, Nia Hurst, and Kristina Sebastian. An evaluation of soil phosphorus storage capacity (SPSC) at proposed wetland restoration locations in the western Lake Erie Basin. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42108.
Full textAbstract:
Historical loss of wetlands coupled with excess phosphorus (P) loading at watershed scales have degraded water quality in portions of the western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB). In response, efforts are underway to restore wetlands and decrease P loading to surface waters. Because wetlands have a finite capacity to retain P, researchers have developed techniques to determine whether wetlands function as P sources or sinks. The following technical report evaluates the soil P storage capacity (SPSC) at locations under consideration for wetland restoration in collaboration with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) and the H2Ohio initiative. Results indicate that the examined soils display a range of P retention capacities, reflecting historic land-use patterns and management regimes. However, the majority of study locations exhibited some capacity to sequester additional P. The analysis supports development of rankings and comparative analyses of areas within a specific land parcel, informing management through design, avoidance, removal, or remediation of potential legacy P sources. Additionally, the approaches described herein support relative comparisons between multiple potential wetland development properties. These results, in conjunction with other data sources, can be used to target, prioritize, justify, and improve decision-making for wetland management activities in the WLEB.
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Henderson, Tim, Mincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285306.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile for this unit. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be recorded such that other researchers may evaluate it in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN, methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285337.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286915.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be protected and conserved for researchers to study and evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers...
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Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, et al. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.
Full textAbstract:
The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.