Journal articles: 'Areas degraded by mining'

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Mergulhão, Adália Cavalcanti do Espírito Santo, Hélio Almeida Burity, Bruno Tomio Goto, and Leonor Costa Maia. "Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a gypsum mining impacted semiarid area." Acta Botanica Brasilica 24, no. 4 (2010): 1052–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062010000400020.

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of gypsum mining on the occurrence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Soil samples were collected in the rainy and dry periods in four areas of a gypsum mine: native preserved "caatinga" (NC); mine vicinity (MS); reject area (RA); interface between the reject area and an area of "caatinga" degraded by mining (IN). Forty two plant species were identified in these areas; some were not found in both collection periods. Thirty six taxa of AMF were identified: 31 in the rainy and 31 in the dry period, with different species composition. Mining activity reduced diversity of plants and of AMF in the three mining areas when compared to NC. Plant similarity indexes were low between NC and the degraded areas. Similarity among AMF species was lower in the rainy period and between NC and the ones affected by mining. Glomus intraradices, Glomus sp.1 and Paraglomus occultum were the most common AMF, showing tolerance of edaphic conditions in the impacted areas. These species should be further tested in programs of revegetation of similar gypsum mining degraded areas.

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Leinfelder, Robson Rodrigues, Wilson Siguemasa Iramina, and Sérgio Médici de Eston. "Mining as a tool for reclamation of a Degraded Area." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 68, no. 2 (2015): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672015680127.

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AbstractAny human activity causes environmental degradation, resulting in a continu ous deterioration of environmental quality (water, air or soil). While mining is also an activity that causes degradation of the environment, it is essential for the continuity of life as it is known. On the other hand, paradoxically, by keeping life in this way, we are contributing to its cessation. This leads us to look for alternatives to reduce the impact of mining activities. The Reclamation of degraded areas may be an alternative, as it can mitigate the current picture of continuous environmental degradation.However, Degraded Areas not always follow a mining operation. This article presents a case where mining is the tool used to technically and financially allow the Reclamation of a degraded area.

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Stevovic, Svetlana, Milica Miloradovic, and Ivan Stevovic. "Management of environmental quality and Kostolac mine areas natural resources usage." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 25, no. 3 (2014): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-11-2013-0121.

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Purpose – This paper aims to define and theoretically analyse the performance of modern methods investigated to speed up the recultivation process of degraded areas, and apply it into the mining basin, open pit mines, tailings and all other areas, which need environmental quality improvement. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents methods of conservation and substitution of natural resources for the purpose of faster land recultivation (reclamation) in degraded coal mine areas. Two types of methods have been developed: forest slope recultivation and agricultural recultivation of flat landfills. Indicators of positive changes include: changes in chemical properties of tailings, increase in biogenic properties and changes in biodiversity. Findings – The research results show that the application of these methods, along with the holistic approach and adequate investment, can significantly contribute to the length of recovery process and accelerate it. Research limitations/implications – Mining basin Kostolac is used as a model test. The results can be applied on all mining basin, open pits and any degraded area. Originality/value – All results and conclusions were drawn, based on the original measurements and experiments. Stake holders, wanting to manage environmental quality after exploitation in mining basin, applying those methods, can find the value of this paper.

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Orth, M. H. de A., and Y. de C. Almeida. "The Use of Degraded Areas for Industrial Waste Disposal." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 12 (1991): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0384.

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The subject of this paper is a study approved by Filsan Engenharia e Serviços S/A, about the use of areas degraded by mining activities for final disposal of solid waste from either urban or industrial origin. Provided that technical and environmental conditions are properly secure for executing a project and for adequate operation of a landfill, the use of such areas is useful mainly because it brings the solution for two problems basically considered as main responsible for substantial environmental damages.

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Čech, Vladimír, Bohuslava Gregorová, Juliana Krokusová, et al. "Environmentally Degraded Mining Areas of Eastern Slovakia As a Potential Object of Geotourism." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (2020): 6029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156029.

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The paper deals with the possibilities of further use of environmentally degraded and polluted areas on the example of (mining and industrial) activities residues in the Central Spiš region in eastern Slovakia. On the example of the Slovinky mining tailing pond, the Markušovce mining tailing pond, and two mining dumps in Rudňany, we deal with the analysis of their condition in terms of heavy metal content, as well as the real and potential alternative use of these sites. Data were collected using field trips and field research in sediment sampling in all localities and by preparing a questionnaire for opinion polls. The content of heavy metals from all four places, the results of field trips, and the questionnaire were analyzed. The article points out the current state of these objects in terms of their load with heavy metals and considers their possible alternative uses, especially in terms of geotourism or education. The implementation of geotourism in the studied sites brings along benefits, not only for visitors and students, but also has a positive impact on sites themselves and on the local community. The results of such analyses should also serve as a basis (starting point) in planning the renewal and further development of such areas.

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Silva, Érica Tomé da, Wanderley José de Melo, and Sandra Tereza Teixeira. "Chemical attributes of a degraded soil after application of water treatment sludges." Scientia Agricola 62, no. 6 (2005): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162005000600008.

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Mining is an activity that tends to degrade the environment. The restoration of mining areas, aims to accelerate and improve the succession process according to its future use. The objective of this work was to rehabilitate a soil degraded by tin mining activities in the Amazon Basin (Jamari National Forest, State of Rondônia) with the application of water treatment sludge (WTS), and verify the effect of sludge on values of pH (CaCl2 0.01 mol L-1), organic matter, P, Ca, Mg, K, H+Al, and soil micronutrient contents when cultivated with native plants, legumes, and grass species. A factorial (3 X 5) experimental design was used to optimize the rehabilitation of these areas including three N rates (100, 200, and 300 mg N kg-1 soil supplied by WTS), five plant species (grasses, legumes, and native plants), and two controls (degraded soil with no fertilizer and degraded soil fertilized with mineral fertilizers), with four replications. WTS increased pH values. The chemical products used to treat the water contributed, in greater extension, to increase soil Ca and Fe contents. The use of WTS as fertilizer proved viable, since it contains nutrients for plants; however, nitrogen should not be used as a criterion to define the rate of sludge application, because it is present at small amounts in the WTS.

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SOUZA, CAROLINE ALMEIDA, AMARILIS LUCIA CASTELI FIGUEIREDO GALLARDO, ÉRICA DONAIRE DA SILVA, YOHANA CUNHA DE MELLO, CIRO ABBUD RIGHI, and MARIA LUCIA SOLERA. "ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES ASSOCIATED WITH THE RECLAMATION OF AREAS DEGRADED BY MINING: POTENTIAL FOR PAYMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES." Ambiente & Sociedade 19, no. 2 (2016): 137–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc129835v1922016.

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Abstract This paper discusses the potential of associating environmental services (ES) with techniques for reclaiming degraded areas (RDA) used in the mining sector, considering the current trends in payments for environmental services (PES) in Brazil. A literature review with content analysis generated results which identified the ES generated for eight cases of RDA in mining. As an example, ES related to soil enhancement were found. A more extended review of general RDA techniques confirmed the potential for associating other ES to RDA techniques used in mining, an example here is the enhancement of carbon stocks. Support for actions could come from existing PES schemes, particularly for cases where the ES identified as associated with an RDA technique are related to soil and water conservation. Concluding remarks indicate that there is a potential scenario for ES diversification in the reclamation stage of mining operations. A first step towards accomplishing this diversification envisages the creation of a PES scheme specific to the mining sector. Further studies are needed to develop criteria for fostering a PES scheme specifically for the reclamation phase of mining operations in Brazil.

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de Aquino-Silva, Maria Regina, Marcos Roberto Simão, Denise da Silva Santos, and Eduardo Jorge de Brito Bastos. "Recovery of Degraded Areas in Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo, Brazil: Performance Indicators." Advanced Materials Research 107 (April 2010): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.107.27.

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The aim of restoration is recompose a new vegetation structure in order to obtain benefits such as the containment of bank erosion, reestablishment of a hydric and nutrient regime, and increase the diversity of species. The present paper evaluated the development of the vegetation introduced as ciliar forest around a mining lagoon through establishing indicators based on the vegetation structure, physic-chemical characteristics of the soil and the water. Results show that the indicators of vegetation, like dying of species and the covering of top were classified as negative factors. Regarding vegetation development, it was considered positive when individuals out of inundation points were analyzed. According to soil indicators, chemical factor pH acid suggests intoxication by aluminum, iron and manganese impeding development of the vegetation in the local. Topographic factor also caused erosion and dying/extinction of species localized in declining points and carried nutrients to the inundation point and finally to the sand mining pool.

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Harantová, Lenka, Ondřej Mudrák, Petr Kohout, Dana Elhottová, Jan Frouz, and Petr Baldrian. "Development of microbial community during primary succession in areas degraded by mining activities." Land Degradation & Development 28, no. 8 (2017): 2574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2817.

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Zawadzki, Jarosław, Piotr Fabijańczyk, and Karol Przeździecki. "Geostatistical Methods as a Tool Supporting Revitalization of Industrially Degraded and Post-Mining Areas." New Trends in Production Engineering 3, no. 1 (2020): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2020-0004.

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AbstractPost-industrial and post-mining areas have often been under strong anthropogenic pressure for a long time. As a result, such areas, after the ending of industrial activity require taking steps to revitalize them. It may cover many elements of the natural or urban environment, such as water, soil, vegetated areas, urban development etc. To carry out revitalization, it is necessary to determine the initial state of such areas, often using selected chemical, geophysical or ecological. After that it is also important to properly monitor the state of such areas to assess the progress of the revitalization process. For this purpose a variety of change detection technics were developed. Post-industrial areas are very often characterized by a large extent, are difficult to access, have complicated land cover. For this reason, it is particularly important to choose appropriate methods to assess the degree of pollution of such areas. Such methods should be as economical as possible and time-effective. A very desirable feature of such methods is that they should allow a quick assessment of the entire area. Geostatistics supplemented by modern remote sensing can be effective for this purpose. Nowadays, using remote sensing, it is possible to gather information simultaneously from the entire, even vast area, with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution. Geostatistics in turn provides many tools that are able to enable rapid analysis and inference based on even very complicated often scarce spatial data sets obtained from ground measurement and satellite observations. The goal of the article was to present selected results obtained using geostatistical methods also related to remote sensing, which may be helpful for decision makers in revitalizing post-industrial and post-mining areas. The results described in this paper were based mostly on the previous studies, carried out by authors.

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Karan, Shivesh Kishore, Sukha Ranjan Samadder, and Vivek Singh. "Groundwater vulnerability assessment in degraded coal mining areas using the AHP-Modified DRASTIC model." Land Degradation & Development 29, no. 8 (2018): 2351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2990.

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Figueiredo, Maurilio Assis, Adriana Pedrosa Diniz, Maria Cristina Teixeira Braga Messias, and Alessandra Rodrigues Kozovits. "Propagation and establishment of rupestrian grassland grasses for restoration of degraded areas by mining." Brazilian Journal of Botany 41, no. 2 (2018): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40415-018-0456-x.

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Chirif, Bruno Sanguinetti, Francisco Román Dañobeytia, and Gorka Atxuara. "Management and restoration of degraded areas by gold mining activity in madre de dios." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 4 (2021): 5925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n4-072.

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This document synthesizes a model for the restoration of degraded areas by gold mining, developed between 2008 and 2016 by the Consortium Madre de Dios CMDD with the Florida University, and the support of the Government and People of the United States of America. This successful reforestation experience, continued by CMDD and CEDE, as well as by CINCIA, is part of an environmental management proposal, which with the support of communication tools and knowledge management has included the education of children with mental disabilities due to effects mercury contamination in alluvial gold mining; and since 2016 with CMDD CEDE and the Ministry of Energy and Mines MINEM, through effective interaction between stakeholders has strengthened governance and incorporated an environmental mitigation component with clean technologies. In the context of the current controversial and polemic political situation in Peru (2021) 21 miners' associations in process of being formalized in Madre de Dios are considering their implementation.  Este documento sintetiza un modelo de restauración de áreas degradadas por la minería de oro, desarrollado entre 2008 y 2016 por el Consorcio Madre de Dios CMDD con la Universidad Florida, y el apoyo del Gobierno y del Pueblo de los Estados Unidos de América. Esta exitosa experiencia de reforestación, continuada por CMDD y CEDE, así como por CINCIA, es parte de una propuesta de gestión ambiental, la cual con el apoyo de herramientas de comunicación y gestión del conocimiento ha incluido la educación de niños con discapacidad mental por efectos de contaminación por mercurio en la minería aluvial aurífera; y desde 2016 con CMDD CEDE y el Ministerio de Energía y Minas MINEM, mediante efectiva interacción entre las partes ha fortalecido la gobernanza e incorporado un componente de mitigación ambiental con tecnologías limpias. En el marco de la actual controversial y polémica coyuntura política del Perú (2021) 21 asociaciones de mineros en proceso de formalización en Madre de Dios están considerando su implementación.

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Halecki, Wiktor, and Sławomir Klatka. "Aplication of Soil Productivity Index after Eight Years of Soil Reclamation with Sewage Sludge Amendments." Environmental Management 67, no. 5 (2021): 822–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01422-1.

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AbstractRemediation methods are gaining acceptance as effective and inexpensive techniques used in the reclamation of degraded areas. The reclamation of post-mining sites has become important for the conservation of soil and vegetation. An assessment of potential productivity of plants based on the depth of their root zone is crucial for the validation of properties of post-mining soils. Our aim was to present soil productivity parameters that would facilitate assessment of various post-mining objects. Soil productivity index (SPI) was calculated to assess soil quality, mainly in areas degraded by hard coal mining. It is based on an equation determining the relationship between the productivity index and the physical, chemical, and hydrological properties of soil. Our study demonstrated the positive effects of enriched sewage sludge with amendments on newly formed soil and plants. The soil productivity index was 0.81, demonstrating the suitable condition of the initial soil resulting from reclamation. This parameter might be important for post-industrial reclamation, such as wasteland intended to be transformed into woodland. Considering the composition of sewage sludge amendments, it can be successfully used as an effective method of restoring and improving both the physical and chemical properties of soils, thus effectively replacing mineral fertilisers. The use of sewage sludge in soil reclamation will be an important method of managing this waste material in post-mining areas.

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Lara, Rodrigo De Oliveira, MICHELE APARECIDA PARECIDA PEREIRA da silva, Paula Alves Oliveira, Israel Marinho Pereira, and Paulo Henrique Grazziotti. "GROWTH OF Kielmeyera rubriflora INOCULATED WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCHORRIZAL FUNGI ON IRON MINING SUBSTRATES." FLORESTA 50, no. 1 (2019): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v50i1.58894.

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Mining results in major landscape changes. Restoring areas after exploitation of natural resources can be accomplished through adopting techniques used to optimize the restoration process. Among such techniques, planting seedlings of species adapted to adverse edaphoclimatic conditions and which have interspecific associations with microorganisms stand out. One of these indigenous species which occur in the Southern Espinhaço Mountain Range with potential for use in restoring degraded areas is Kielmeyera rubriflora (Spreng) Mart. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the survival and growth of Kielmeyera rubriflora Cambess. on two substrates from iron mining. The experiment was carried out in a nursery of the UFVJM Plant Species Propagation Center (CIPEF) in a randomized block design and treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design, using two iron mining substrates and inoculated and uninoculated plants with five repetitions. The seedlings received 25 g of the soil-inoculum mixture of Paraglomus occultum (C. Walker) JB Morton & D. Redecker and Claroideoglomus etunicatum (WN Becker & Gerd) C. Walker & A. Schüßler at the transplantation time to 17 dm3 pots. Stem diameter and leaf number were influenced only by the main effects of substrate and inoculation, while plant height was influenced by the interaction between substrate and inoculation. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi in Kielmeyera rubriflora ensures survival, species growth and root development on both iron mining substrates and is a suggested strategy for planting in areas degraded by iron mining.

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Placek, Agnieszka, Anna Grobelak, Dariusz Wlóka, Bal Ram Singh, Åsgeir Almås, and Malgorzata Kacprzak. "Methods for calculating carbon sequestration in degraded soil of zinc smelter and post-mining areas." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 134 (2018): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.23023.

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Garcia, Kaio Gráculo Vieira, Vânia Felipe Freire Gomes, Paulo Furtado Mendes Filho, et al. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Phytostabilization of Soil Degraded by Manganese Mining." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 12 (2018): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n12p192.

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Mining and processing of manganese (Mn) minerals are activities that may result in the generation of large amounts of wastes and serious environmental impacts. Several strategies have been employed to remediate areas with high Mn concentrations, but many of them imply high investments and high risk of secondary pollution. This study aimed to evaluate the phytostabilization potential of Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. in Mn mining soil influenced by inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments [not inoculated (control), inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus; inoculated with Claroideoglomus etunicatum and inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus + Claroideoglomus etunicatum (Mix)], and four replicates. Inoculation with Mix and C. etunicatum had higher efficiency in protecting plants against excess Mn, due to the greater retention of this element in the roots and lower translocation to the shoots. Inoculation with R. clarus did not influence plant development and reduction of Mn contents in the shoots. The association of the AMF Mix and C. etunicatum with the species Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth. enhances Mn phytostabilization in mining soils with high concentration of this element. The use of multivariate analyses proved to be an important tool with respect to the behavior of biometric, chemical and microbiological variables in mining soil with high Mn concentration.

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González, A. H., D. Morales Londoño, E. Pille da Silva, et al. "BradyrhizobiumandPseudomonasstrains obtained from coal-mining areas nodulate and promote the growth ofCalopogonium muconoidesplants used in the reclamation of degraded areas." Journal of Applied Microbiology 126, no. 2 (2018): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.14117.

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FERREIRA, LEANDRO V., PIA PAROLIN, DARLEY C. L. MATOS, DENISE A. CUNHA, PRISCILLA P. CHAVES, and SELVINO O. NECKEL. "The effect of exotic grass Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D.Webster (Poaceae) in the reduction of species richness and change of floristic composition of natural regeneration in the Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 88, suppl 1 (2016): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150121.

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ABSTRACT The introduction of exotic species is considered as one of the major causes of biodiversity loss. The National Forest of Carajás is one of the largest mineral provinces in the world. Mining activities caused changes of the natural habitats, leaving degraded areas after the mineral exploitation. One of the mining areas within FLONA Carajás was used for the extraction of gold. In the process of exploitation, a huge depression was formed by the removal of soil which was mounded up nearby. To prevent soil erosion of these mounds, an exotic grass, Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D.Webster (Poaceae) was planted. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of this non-native grass on species richness and species composition of the natural regeneration in the degraded areas. Four areas were compared, two with and two without presence of U. decumbens. In each area, twenty four 1m²/plots were established. Species richness of the regeneration areas and population sizes were significantly lower in the plots where the exotic grass was present. Our study shows that U. decumbens had a negative effect on species richness and population density, and its presence changed the species composition and distribution of life forms of the natural regeneration.

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Biały, Witold, Vlastimil Moni, Beata Gibesova, Barbara Stalmachova, and Milan Mikolas. "Rehabilitation of Post-Mining Areas in the Bohumin City Area (Czech Republic). Case Study." New Trends in Production Engineering 3, no. 1 (2020): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2020-0031.

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AbstractRehabilitation of post-industrial areas involves many areas. The area after hard coal mines, requires many specific actions and funds in order to eliminate any remnants of the former infrastructure that is located in this area. The area of Upper Silesia, which includes areas on both the Polish and Czech borders, belongs to the area where the process of underground hard coal mining is being extinguished. As a result of the completion of mining works, the mine areas and adjacent sites begin to undergo transformations. Thus, the landscape of this area changes, various types of land, residential buildings and roads are destroyed. The activities related to restoring the utility value to degraded areas should be carried out consistently, primarily from their inhabitants’ perspective. The rehabilitation of post-mining area and its proper management can bring great benefits to the city and its inhabitants in the future. The publication presents a proposal for land development solutions for the former hard coal mine in Bohumin, Vrbice district in the Czech Republic.

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Mendes Filho, P. F., R. L. F. Vasconcellos, A. M. de Paula, and E. J. B. N. Cardoso. "Evaluating the Potential of Forest Species Under “Microbial Management” for the Restoration of Degraded Mining Areas." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 208, no. 1-4 (2009): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0150-5.

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Figueiredo, Maurilio Assis, Adriana Pedrosa Diniz, Maria Cristina Teixeira Braga Messias, and Alessandra Rodrigues Kozovits. "Correction to: Propagation and establishment of rupestrian grassland grasses for restoration of degraded areas by mining." Brazilian Journal of Botany 41, no. 2 (2018): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40415-018-0478-4.

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Amaral, Wander Gladson, Israel Marinho Pereira, Danielle Piuzana Mucida, Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado, and Michele Aparecida Pereira da Silva. "DINÂMICA DA VEGETAÇÃO COLONIZADORA EM TRÊS ÁREAS DEGRADADAS PELO GARIMPO NA SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO MERIDIONAL." Nativa 8, no. 2 (2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v8i2.8187.

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A avaliação do processo de sucessão vegetal em locais degradados constitui uma importante ferramenta para se definirem estratégias de recuperação. Assim, considerando-se o quadro atual de degradação nos ecossistemas florestais, o presente trabalho objetivou estudar a dinâmica da composição florística da vegetação colonizadora, em três áreas degradadas em processo de regeneração natural, na Serra do Espinhaço Meridional. No primeiro inventário, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbóreo-arbustivo com DAS30 ≥ 3 cm. No segundo inventário, foram registrados os indivíduos mortos, remensurados os sobreviventes e mensurados e identificados os indivíduos recrutados (DAS30 ≥ 3 cm). Foram calculadas as taxas de dinâmica: mortalidade, recrutamento, ganho e perda em área basal e número de indivíduos para cada área. Os valores de H’ obtidos para as áreas foram comparados aos pares pelo teste de t de Hutcheson. O padrão observado nas três áreas foi semelhante e as alterações mais expressivas durante os dois inventários foram o aumento significativo da densidade e o rápido aumento da área basal total. Todos os indicadores estruturais analisados mostraram que as áreas estão em processo de construção inicial, porém a área degradada pelo garimpo de ouro encontra-se em estágio sucessional mais avançado quando comparada à área degradada pelo processo de voçorocamento e à área degradada pelo garimpo de diamante.Palavras-chave: composição florística; impactos antrópicos; heterogeneidade temporal; sucessão ecológica. COLONIZING VEGETATION DYNAMICS IN THREE AREAS DEGRADED BY MININGIN SOUTHERN SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO ABSTRACT: The evaluation of the process of plant succession in degraded places is an important tool to define recovery strategies. Thus, considering the current situation of degradation in forest ecosystems, the present study aimed to study the dynamics of the floristic composition of the colonizing vegetation, in three degraded areas in the process of natural regeneration, in the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional. In the first inventory, all tree-shrub individuals with DAS30 ≥ 3 cm were sampled. In the second inventory, dead individuals were recorded, survivors were remeasured and recruited individuals were measured and identified (DAS30 ≥ 3 cm). The dynamics rates were calculated: mortality, recruitment, gain and loss in the basal area and number of individuals for each area. The H 'values obtained for the areas were compared in pairs by the Hutcheson t test. The pattern observed in the three areas was similar and the most significant changes during the two inventories were the significant increase in density and the rapid increase in the total basal area. All the structural indicators analyzed showed that the areas are in the process of initial construction, but the area degraded by gold mining is in a more advanced successional stage when compared to the area degraded by the voçorocamento process and the area degraded by diamond mining.Keywords: floristic composition; human impacts; temporal heterogeneity; ecological succession.

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Karfidova, E. A., V. M. Makeev, A. P. Sizov, and I. M. Kravchenko. "Comprehensive Assessment of the Geoecological Situation of Mining Areas (on the Example of Solikam Urban District)." Ecology and Industry of Russia 24, no. 2 (2020): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2020-2-46-51.

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The methods for the complex assessment of the geoenviromental situation in a mining region based on the integration of open data from the ROSREESTR (The Federal Service For State Registration, Cadastre And Cartography), the ROSPRIRODNADZOR (Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources), Google Earth, scientific publications and other sources, in particular, related to the analysis of neotectonic and geodynamic problems in the region are considered. The conclusions are made as a result of the analysis of the geoenviromental situation on the example of the Solikamsk urban district and the recommendations are proposed: a land management program and the formation of geoecological data in the Unified State Register of Real Estate quarters (polluted, degraded and disturbed lands) - as an information basis for the regional model of spatial planning of mining regions.

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Quintela-Sabarís, Celestino, Michel-Pierre Faucon, Rimi Repin, et al. "Plant Functional Traits on Tropical Ultramafic Habitats Affected by Fire and Mining: Insights for Reclamation." Diversity 12, no. 6 (2020): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12060248.

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Biodiversity-rich tropical ultramafic areas are currently being impacted by land clearing and particularly by mine activities. The reclamation of ultramafic degraded areas requires a knowledge of pioneer plant species. The objective of this study is to highlight the functional traits of plants that colonize ultramafic areas after disturbance by fire or mining activities. This information will allow trait-assisted selection of candidate species for reclamation. Fifteen plots were established on ultramafic soils in Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia) disturbed by recurrent fires (FIRE plots) or by soil excavation and quarrying (MINE plots). In each plot, soil samples were collected and plant cover as well as species abundances were estimated. Fifteen functional traits related to revegetation, nutrient improvement, or Ni phytomining were measured in sampled plants. Vegetation of both FIRE and MINE plots was dominated by perennials with lateral spreading capacity (mainly by rhizomes). Plant communities displayed a conservative growth strategy, which is an adaptation to low nutrient availability on ultramafic soils. Plant height was higher in FIRE than in MINE plots, whereas the number of stems per plant was higher in MINE plots. Perennial plants with lateral spreading capacity and a conservative growth strategy would be the first choice for the reclamation of ultramafic degraded areas. Additional notes for increasing nutrient cycling, managing competition, and implementing of Ni-phytomining are also provided.

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Schlickmann, Monique B., Jaqueline B. B. Dreyer, Fabio R. Spiazzi, et al. "Impact Assessment From Coal Mining Area in Southern Brazil." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 8 (2018): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n8p426.

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The mining activity is highly environmental impacting, being the excavation process and waste sterile rejects crowding the main pollution sources. The Santa Catarina Coal Basin has great importance, considering that contains 4.3 billions tons of coal (13% of the Brazilian reserve) and 6.400 hectares of degraded area. That way, the study objective was to characterize and identify the ambient impacts derivated from coal mining activities, at the Sideropolis city, SC. The base method used to evaluate was The Leopold matrix which adaptations were made according to a qualitative attribute weighting matrix to verify the significance of impacts. The interaction between two actions of the enterprise and 11 generated environmental impacts was analysed according to the attributes of frequency, extension, duration, direction and degree, both in the physical and anthropic environments. All impacts had a negative direction, where the most striking activity was the opening of the cava, which, when forming the acidic lagoon, changes the surface water quality, being described as of great importance. Therefore, recognizing the principal environment problems could help on strategies to accomplish the recovery requirements of degraded areas on this area.

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Brasil Neto, Alberto Bentes, Gustavo Schwartz, Norberto Cornejo Noronha, Marcos André Piedade Gama, and Gracialda Costa Ferreira. "Natural regeneration for restoration of degraded areas after bauxite mining: A case study in the Eastern Amazon." Ecological Engineering 171 (November 2021): 106392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106392.

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Teixeira, Sandra Tereza, Wanderley José de Melo, and Érica Tomé Silva. "Heavy metals in a degraded soil treated with sludge from water treatment plant." Scientia Agricola 62, no. 5 (2005): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162005000500016.

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The application of water treatment sludge (WTS) to degraded soil is an alternative for both residue disposal and degraded soil reclaim. This study evaluated effects of the application of water treatment sludge to a Typic Hapludox soil degraded by tin mining in the National Forest of Jamari, State of Rondonia, Brazil, on the content of heavy metals. A completely randomized experimental design with five treatments was used: control (n = 4); chemical control, which received only liming (n = 4); and rates D100, D150 and D200, which corresponded to 100, 150 and 200 mg of N-sludge kg-1 soil (n = 20), respectively. Thirty days after liming, period in which soil moisture was kept at 70% of the retention capacity, soil samples were taken and analyzed for total and extractable Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr. The application of WTS increased heavy-metal contents in the degraded soil. Although heavy metals were below their respective critical limits, sludge application onto degraded areas may cause hazardous environmental impact and thus must be monitored.

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Mondal, Sonjay, Debashish Chakravarty, Jatisankar Bandyopadhyay, and Kunal Kanti Maiti. "Identification of Land Subsidence and Management Using Cadastral Techniques, Mining Area of Raniganj, Barddhaman District, India." Energy and Environment Research 6, no. 2 (2016): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v6n2p52.

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Coal mining, open crest/underground adversely affects the Eco-system. Raniganj area known as mining zone, but several time natural hazards (land subsidence) occurs in the area, Subsidence in old workings leads to severe damage to surface structures. it is very much important that suitable assessment studies to learn the potential adverse impact of mining on environmental ecosystem (flora, fauna). In the subsequent discussions an attempt has been made to clarify the coal mining activities and its outstanding impact on environment and agricultural activities. The study area region being the foremost coal producing region country, it’s also ranked high in the list of environmentally degraded areas, in mining area have seen that waste materials are usually stacked as huge dumps in surroundings. After that those dumps were coupled with coal dumps, because this significant effect impact on land. The environmental awareness is given our society brought life from mining area another concerted effort for reclamation of the subsided land.

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Janků, J., D. Kučerová, J. Houška, J. Kozák, and A. Rubešová. "The evaluation of degraded land by application of the contingent method." Soil and Water Research 9, No. 4 (2014): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/227/2014-swr.

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Industrial activities in the Czech Republic have brought into existence many degraded and contaminated sites. Such areas are not suitable for farming, building or recreation purposes. The necessary reclamation is typically very expansive. In this study, the contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to estimate the public&rsquo;s willingness to pay for soil reclamation, and also to find out the desire of habitants to live in a good environment with respect to soil quality, and generally to improve the publics awarness of soil protection. This study can help to improve understanding of the local public willingness to pay for reclamation of degradated land protection and can provide useful information for an effective land protection programme. The study was carried out on the locality of Březov&eacute; Hory &ndash; a part of the old mining town Př&iacute;bram. The chosen locality was used for the placement and storage of residual material after mining, but also includes different soils, which have been transported here as useless material. After the reclamation of a part of the locality, a forest park has been established. A random questionnaire survey was conducted with local resident and as well as holiday makers. The results of the survey indicated that protection of cultivated land was important to the local public. The mean willingness to contribute to reclamation of degraded and contaminated lands in Březov&eacute; Hory was expressed as the following amount of money: 36.64 CZK (1.4 &euro;) per habitant. The findings calculated suggested that the costs of reclamation of landfill soils on Březov&eacute; Hory totaled 1528 CZK/m<sup>2</sup>. The results of the survey also showed that the willingness to pay increased according to the dependence on income, the gender and also residential address of respondents. The results have not confirmed the dependence on education. In order to increase the hypothetical willingness to pay, an increase of public awareness of soil degradation and harmful effects on the environment is necessary. Furthermore, it was shown that the market valuation of land can not be used for soil protection purposes.

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Ji, Chuning, Jiu Huang, Yu Tian, et al. "Feasibility Study on the Application of Microbial Agent Modified Water-Jet Loom Sludge for the Restoration of Degraded Soil in Mining Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (2021): 6797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136797.

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Open-pit mining causes soil damage and affects the health of the ecosystem. In the arid grassland mining areas, the soil is severely sanded, water-starved, and saline, thus making it difficult for plants and microorganisms to survive. Water-jet loom sludge can be used to improve the quality as it contains a lot of clay and is rich in organic matter, which provides a material basis for microorganism activity. To explore the effects of microbial agent-modified water-jet loom sludge on the restoration of degraded soil in grassland mining areas, four pot trials were set up, i.e., for untreated soil, the application of a microbial agent alone, the application of water-jet loom sludge alone, and the combined application of water-jet loom sludge and the microbial agent. The results show that (1) microbial agent-modified sludge can improve soil water-holding capacity and aggregate stability; (2) the nutrient content of the restored soil fraction increased significantly, and the pH of the original saline soil decreased from 9.06 to 7.84; (3) this method significantly increased plant biomass and microbial biomass carbon and enhanced the abundance and diversity of fungi and bacteria. The three treatments had different results in different soil properties, and the effect of the combined water-jet loom sludge and microbial agent treatment on soil remediation was significantly better than the individual application of either.

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Bondaruk, Jan, Adam Hamerla, and Karolina Jąderko-Skubis. "Multifunctional platform OPI-TPP for post-mining areas management - supportive tool for environmental impact assessment in the Silesia Voivodeship." MATEC Web of Conferences 305 (2020): 00048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030500048.

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Ongoing transformation of coal industry taking place in Silesian Voivodeship lead to increasing number of characteristic objects and post-industrial areas. Most of them are degraded and vacant even if they own resources of measurable natural or socio-economic value. Therefore effective scheme of their revitalisation is a high priority target for regional authorities and society. Multidimensional approach to the analysis of post-mining areas requires ensuring proper scope and quality of data, integrating various areas of knowledge and information. An example of complex approach is an information platform based on analytical and expert modules the OPI-TPP system, which is a tool to support decision-making processes on the future use of post-industrial areas. OPI-TPP based on Geographical Information System is an integrated tool dedicated for environmental impact assessment and provides measures that are necessary for regional and local stakeholders and reinforces decision making process. This paper describes the methodology of post-mining area assessment in environmental impact aspect and exemplary applications with the use of the platform. The main functional relations of the system were presented, allowing to use the available range of data and analysis modules for the purpose of supporting environmental impact assessment for post-mining areas management in the Silesia Voivodeship.

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Anabel, González Hernández, D. Canei Andressa, M. Morales Londoño Diana, et al. "Root symbioses in two legume-grass consortia inoculated with soils obtained from degraded coal mining areas in reclamation." African Journal of Microbiology Research 12, no. 44 (2018): 1004–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2018.9002.

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Zanon, Jair Augusto, Francisca Alcivania de Melo Silva, Reginaldo Barboza da Silva, Ricardo Cordeiro de Paula, and Lucas Florencio Mariano. "Impact of sand mining: A case study of initial growth of forest species for recovery of degraded areas." Bosque (Valdivia) 42, no. 1 (2021): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-92002021000100111.

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Jhariya, M. K., B. H. Kittur, and S. S. Bargali. "Assessment of herbaceous biomass: A study in Rowghat mining areas of Chhattisgarh, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 2 (2016): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.852.

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We studied Rowghat sites of Chhattisgarh, India, with the objective to assess herbaceous layer composition, biomass and to prepare management implications for conservation of ecologically sensitive species in mined areas. Ten sites (Anjrel, Khodgaon, Khadkagaon, Takrel, Rav Dongri, Tarhur, Godenmar Dongri, Parmad Dongri, Bhusujkun Dongri and Bedhiyar Nala) were selected for the study. We randomly placed quadrats of 1x1 m size in each site. A sum of 36 species distributed in 15 families were encountered in Rowghat mining site. The total density of all herbs was highest (724000) in Bhusujkun Dongri followed by Khadkagaon (678000), Rav Dongri (662000) and lowest was recorded from Godenmar Dongri (502000). The density of herbs across the study area ranged from 9,000 (D. ciliaris) to 2,50,000 (S. viridis) in the areas of Tarhur and Bediyar Nala. The herb species were unevenly distributed across mined areas. The Chlorophytum tuberosum and Cassia tora were recorded only from Tarkel and Godenmar Dongri sites, respectively. The total belowground biomass ranged between 0.097 t/ha in Godenmar Dongri to 0.18 t/ha in Rav Dongri. An ecological approach is must to restore the collieries. Protection of ecologically sensitive herbs is necessary. Prolonged ban on mining activity in Rowghat forest area is needed to restore degraded forest.

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Sinha, Anjan Kumar. "Biochemical analysis of Psophocarpus tetrgonolobus L. (Winged bean) and its role on restoration of degraded land of Raniganj and Barjora coalmine areas of West Bengal, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, no. 2 (2014): 792–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i2.538.

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To meet the growing demands of energy, continuous supply of coal is necessary because coal is the primary source of energy. About 70% of coal mining is being done by open cast methods which is most destructive activity and it severely damages the ecosystem. Reclamation of degraded land is therefore necessary after any mining activity. The biochemical parameters like Chlorophyll, carbohydrate and protein content of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (Winged bean) studied here were considered as measure to test the suitability of Winged bean in various soil-OB dump compositions (P1 to P5). The findings revealed that biochemical property like chlorophyll and protein content of Winged bean was retained up to 1:1 soil-OB dump condition but after that it was decreased significantly whenever OB dump composition was increased. Chlorophyll content of the plant in P1 to P3 condition was 8.2, 8.17 and 8.02 mg/100 gm respectively but it was decreased significantly in P3 and P4 condition, i.e. 7.72 & 7.47 mg/100gm respectively. Carbohydrate content of the plant in P1 to P3 condition was 3.72, 3.7 and 3.61 gm/100 gm respectively but it again decreased significantly in P3 and P4 condition, i.e. 3.32 & 3.1 gm/100gm respectively. In spite of these findings, seeds of winged bean contained high protein and rest of the plant parts were also very important as food and fodder and this plant was able to grow on less water condition which made it suitable for the land restoration of degraded mining land both from ecological and socio-economic point of view.

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Esteve-Guirao, Patricia, Isabel Banos-González, Pedro Baños-Páez, et al. "Análisis Integral de los Usos del Territorio para el Desarrollo de Zonas Degradadas por la Minería: El Entorno de Portmán (La Unión)." Revista de Estudios Andaluces, no. 34 (2017): 89–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/rea.2017.i34.04.

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Cotiga, Constantin, Olimpia Ghermec, Ionela Gabriela Bucse, and Dumitru Țugui. "Environmental Strategies in Areas Affected by Ash from Large Combustion Plants." Advanced Engineering Forum 13 (June 2015): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.13.206.

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The great extent of industrialization in the world can have serious repercussions on the environment. Damage to agricultural ecosystems is produced not only by the industrial centers or mining, but also by the ash resulting from burning coal in combustion plants. Restoration in the agricultural exploitation of lands degraded by industry and the areas under deposits of polluting fly ash is a key objective that lies in the attention of scientists for better use of the entire land fund. The experimental results obtained in this sense are particularly promising. Most of the research went on using the ash dumps by biological fixation with vegetation and by binding and using a specific agricultural technique. Therefore, recultivation and fixation of fly ash dumps targets to protect the environment and reduce air pollution with dust from the ashes, i.e. to harness economic areas occupied by dumps.

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SILVA, FELIPE FERREIRA DA, THAINÁ ALVES DOS SANTOS, EDERSON DA CONCEIÇÃO JESUS, and GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER. "CHARACTERIZATION OF RHIZOBIA AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN AREAS IMPACTED BY GRAVEL MINING IN BRAZIL." Revista Caatinga 32, no. 4 (2019): 995–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n416rc.

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ABSTRACT On-shore oil exploration is one of the main economic activities in the semiarid region (Caatinga biome) of the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil. Gravel mining is an activity associated with oil exploration that causes environmental impacts. Gravel is a base-material for constructions, such as roads and pumpjack bases. The areas of gravel mining and other decommissioned areas where the gravel has been deposited must be revegetated with species native to the biome at end of the activity in the site. An efficient strategy for revegetation of degraded areas has been the planting of leguminous species that can associate with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Nevertheless, the impact of mining activities on the autochthonous populations of these microorganisms is unknown. The objective of the present work is to characterize the density of rhizobia and AMF spores in four areas impacted by the oil exploration in RN when compared to non-impacted adjacent areas. Gravel samples were collected in dry and rainy seasons in two mining areas: one in a pumpjack base, and one in a waste disposal area. Surface soil (topsoil) samples were collected in adjacent areas with native Caatinga vegetation. Assays were carried out to evaluate the most probable number (MPN) of rhizobia and to identify the type and density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), using rhizobia trap plants Mimosa tenuiflora (Mart.) Benth. and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. The MPN of rhizobia was low in all areas, but higher in the rainy season. The highest amount and diversity of AMF spores were found in the dry season. Among the symbiotic microorganisms studied, the AMF presented lower densities in the evaluated areas when compared to those in the adjcent native vegetation areas, denoting the impact of this activity.

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Sobczyk, Wiktoria, Anna Kowalska, and Jacek Sobczyk. "Exploitation of Mineral Resources for Sustainable Development on the Example of Poland." Journal of Education, Technology and Computer Science 31, no. 1 (2020): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/jetacomps.2020.1.6.

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Nuisance for the people living in areas covered by the direct or indirect impact of the mining industry is an important social problem. The development of the mining industry depends on high environmental requirements, in particular, it is closely related to the fulfillment of obligations of safety for human health and life. Through consultation with the local society and targeted actions degraded land can become attractive. In contrast, the lack of reclamation leads to the intensification of negative phenomena: erosion, surface mass movements, changes in the ecosystem, eutrophication of water tanks. Maintaining balance in the natural environment is the basic criterion for the proper functioning of industrial facilities. Mining activity is a threat to the environment, including human health and life. Use of the environment by mining is subject to adjustment to the legislation and carrying out mining activities in line with environmental requirements. Mining activities and nature protection can operate in a sustainable manner. Appropriate selection of methods for mineral exploitation allows you to minimize the impact on the environment components. The positive impact of opencast mining is reflected in the creation of new habitats of plants and animals in post-mining areas, in the creation of new recreation places, in diversifying the landscape thanks to the construction of water reservoirs. Lakes formed after use of natural aggregates overgrown vegetation reed, acting as a convenient place to settle the water birds.

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Bai, Tao, Yuan-Yuan Liu, Ilyas Muhammad, et al. "Mixed nitrogen form addition facilitates the growth adaptation of legume plant to heavy metal contamination in degraded mining areas." Global Ecology and Conservation 24 (December 2020): e01387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01387.

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Dwivedi, Vivek, and Prafulla Soni. "A review on the role of soil microbial biomass in eco-restoration of degraded ecosystem with special reference to mining areas." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 3, no. 1 (2011): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v3i1.173.

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Soil microbial biomass constitutes a transformation matrix for all the natural organic material in the soil and acts as labile reservoir of plant available nutrients. In general plants serve as carbon source for the microbial community and in turn microbes provide nutrients for growth through mineralization of plant and animal residues, and organic matter, thus soil microbial biomass is a significant parameter to draw an inference about the soil health. Biodiversity of visible plants and animals has received a greater attention than the meso or micro level organisms. Information about soil microbial biomass can help to quantify the extant of degradation and may help to provide the effective methodology for the restoration in the degraded terrestrial ecosystems. As the changing global climate has been one of the major environmental challenges facing the world today, there is an increasing need to restore the degraded ecosystem, increase their productivity, to increase the carbon sequestration potential of such areas and to make them suitable for the sustainable forestry purposes. This review provides the importance of soil microbial biomass in the derelict mined ecosystems and suggests that an increase in microbial biomass in the soil may enhance the soil fertility, and provide an effective substrate for the nutrient mineralization.

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Alberruche-del Campo, María Esther, Julio César Arranz-González, Virginia Rodríguez-Gómez, Francisco Javier Fernández-Naranjo, Roberto Rodríguez-Pacheco, and Lucas Vadillo-Fernández. "Methodology for the evaluation of the residual impact on landscape due to an opencast coal mine in Laciana Valley (Spain)." DYNA 82, no. 190 (2015): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v82n190.42809.

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This work describes a methodology to evaluate the landscape residual impact of an opencast coal mine in Laciana Valley (Spain), applying a landscape impact index that evaluates: the loss of visual quality of the landscape due to the extractive activity and its visual influence, depending on the visual absorption capacity of the environment, the degree of restoration of the upset areas, and its visibility from the zones most frequented by the population. Final results of the evaluation show severe and moderate impacts on landscape depending on the landscape unit. The landscape impact index is shown as a useful tool that can be applied to restoration designs, environmental vigilance plans and recovery of areas degraded by mining activity.

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Román-Dañobeytia, Francisco, France Cabanillas, David Lefebvre, et al. "Survival and early growth of 51 tropical tree species in areas degraded by artisanal gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon." Ecological Engineering 159 (January 2021): 106097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.106097.

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Jarašius, Leonas, Dalytė Matulevičiūtė, Romas Pakalnis, Juratė Sendžikaitė, and Vaidotas Lygis. "Drainage Impact on Plant Cover and Hydrology of Aukštumala Raised Bog (Western Lithuania)." Botanica Lithuanica 20, no. 2 (2015): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2014-0019.

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AbstractOne-third of the former Aukstumala raised bog (western Lithuania) has been preserved as Telmological Reserve since 1995, while the remaining territory is still under active industrial peat mining or are abandoned peat harvesting fields. The present study was carried out in 2013 and aimed to assess long-term human impact on the structure of plant cover and hydrology of Aukstumala raised bog. On the basis of vegetation assessment (Twinspan analysis), four habitat types were identified: i) active raised bog, ii) degraded raised bog drained by ditches, iii) contact zone of the bog and the peat mining fields and iv) recently burnt areas. The largest anthropogenic impact on vegetation cover was found in the degraded raised bog drained by the ditches and in the burnt area, where the proportion of plant species atypical to ombrotrophic raised bogs was the highest. Water electrical conductivity negatively correlated (r = -0.57) with bog water level, whereas correlation between pH and bog water level was weaker (r = -0.38). Water level in the active raised bog was significantly higher than in the rest three habitat types. Electrical conductivity values in the active raised bog were significantly lower compared to the degraded raised bog and burned area habitats. In order to recreate favourable conditions for peat accumulation and natural functioning of bog ecosystem, mean bog water level should be raised at least up to -32 cm (the optimum water level assigned for most of the typical ombrotrophic species fell into the range of -20 - -32 cm).

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Citadini-Zanette, Vanilde, Raquel R. B. Negrelle, Laurindo Salles Leal-Filho, Ronaldo Remor, Guilherme Alves Elias, and Robson Santos. "Mimosa scabrella BENTH. (FABACEAE) ENHANCES THE RESTORATION IN COAL MINING AREAS IN THE ATLANTIC RAINFOREST." CERNE 23, no. 1 (2017): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201723012245.

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ABSTRACT A Pilot Reclamation Project (PRP) was developed in 1982 by the Environmental Protection Agency of the State of Santa Catarina-Brazil, with the objective to evaluating the adaptation of woody species to a land degraded by coal mining. After a full topographic reconstitution of the landscape, addition of nutrient load and sowing of herbaceous species, the area was split into 12 plots in which seedlings of 12 tree species were planted: three native trees [Bastardiopsis densiflora (Hook. & Arn.) Hassl., Mimosa scabrella Benth., Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake] and nine exotic species [Eucalyptus saligna Sm., E. viminalis Labill., E. citriodora Hook., Grevillea hilliana F.Muell., Hovenia dulcis Thunb, Melia azedarach L., Pinus elliottii Engelm., P. taeda L., Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels]. After 22 years, from the beginning of the PRP, the exotic species presented higher percentage of survival than native species; the plots which received either B. densiflora and S. parahyba or were covered only with herbaceous vegetation associated with solely a few shrubs. Conversely, the plots which received seedlings of M. scabrella displayed clear evidence of restoration in progress. The study conducted in plots that have received M. scabrella indicate an improvement of nutrient load (N, K, organic matter) in the substrate, a diversified composition of tree coverage (very similar to the nearby remnants of the Atlantic Rainforest) and other life forms, with prominent establishment of native trees with predominance of zoophilous and zoochorous species. Some characteristics of M. scabrella that could explain its outstanding capacity to enhance the restoration of the Atlantic Rainforest are also discussed along this paper.

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Silveira, Thyago De Almeida, Frederico Campos Pereira, Alexandre Fonseca D'Andrea, and Francisco De Assis Salviano de Sousa. "USE OF VEGETATION INDICES TO ESTIMATE THE LIVE BIOMASS LOSS IN THE PICUÍ MUNICIPALITY." Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing 8, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29150/jhrs.v8.1.p1-13.

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The desertification or land degradation is a phenomenon that has been occurring in many parts of the planet. This process has been accompanied by climatic factors and socio-ecological, and in the Northeast of Brazil is considered a phenomenon resulting from human intervention over the environment. This work was proposition estimate the amount of live biomass lost in the city of Picuí - PB from the multitemporal analysis of vegetation cover using satellite images. For both GIS and Remote Sensing techniques were used, with the purpose of calculate soil degradation over the past three decades, and calculate the NDVI, SAVI and IAF vegetation index, to estimate the amount of living biomass lost over in the period studied. As a result, it was verified that the city has about 30% of its land in degradation level ranging from grave and very grave, and that the living biomass decreased by about 20% in these past three decades, coming to present about 49% of green area, and about 51% of degraded areas considered, a fact that has been proven through technical visits, which identificated that the areas are degraded by vegetal extraction of wood, mining and agriculture.

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Arocena, J. M., J. M. van Mourik, and A. Faz Cano. "Granular soil structure indicates reclamation of degraded to productive soils: A case study in southeast Spain." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, no. 1 (2012): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2011-017.

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Arocena, J. M., van Mourik, J. M. and Faz Cano, A. 2012. Granular soil structure indicates reclamation of degraded to productive soils: A case study in southeast Spain. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 243–251. Accelerated conversion of degraded landscapes in mining areas to productive ecosystems requires stimulation of soil formation. The evolution in microstructure and changes to chemical properties in metal mine wastes 5 yr after amendments with pig manure, sewage sludge and marble waste is reported. Mine wastes had <1% organic carbon, <0.05% total nitrogen, pH∼2.0, electrical conductivity up to 20 dS m−1and high concentrations of metals such as 22000 mg zinc kg−1and 7000 mg lead kg−1. After 5 yr, one time amendment increased total carbon (g kg−1) from 1.4 (control) to 5.6 (marble waste +sewage sludge) to 8.3 (marble waste+pig manure). Soil pH in amended plots was 6.0 compared with 2.8 in controls. Micromorphological characteristics clearly showed that primary and secondary calcite serve as active sorption sites for organic matter. These calcitic zones were areas conducive to root growth. Soil microstructure in amended mine wastes was dominantly granular, resulting from activities of soil organisms such as fungi and enchytraeds. Results suggest organic matter can be effectively enriched in mine waste deposits through simultaneous additions of pig manure, sewage sludge and calcite. Soil amendments promoting formation of granular structure can accelerate establishment of productive landscapes in degraded mine sites.

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Kaźmierczak, Urszula, and Paweł Strzałkowski. "Environmentally Friendly Rock Mining—Case Study of the Limestone Mine “Górażdże”, Poland." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (2019): 5512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245512.

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Mining activities affect the environment, while proper reclamation and management of areas transformed by these activities can bring about new, and often much better changes in the landscape. This paper presents the project of the reclamation of the limestone mine “Górażdże” and attempts to extend the directions of reclamation of degraded areas left after extracting activities. The aim of this extension is to present reclamation, which can be an environmentally friendly proposal and therefore positively received by the local community. It was proposed to successively enrich the forest and aquatic reclamation directions by adding a natural one. The selection of optimal solutions was based on rational and the most appropriate criteria, such as taking into account, first of all, the existing natural properties in the area of the quarry under analysis and also the possibility of their future protection. On the other hand, due to the social and economic aspects supported by the natural potential, it was proposed to introduce a recreational and tourist direction, which will not interfere with the current forestry and proposed natural development direction. Finally, after the cessation of mining activity in the mining area, it is suggested to create a geopark and to activate geotourism. The proposed solution may significantly affect the social and economic development, while at the same time maintain the valuable natural environment.

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Mariano, Erich De Freitas, Arnaldo Honorato Vieira-Filho, Gustavo Alves Toledo Da Costa, Helder Farias Pereira De Araujo, and Malva Isabel Medina Hernandez. "Bird assembly in restinga reforested areas." Acta Brasiliensis 4, no. 2 (2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22571/2526-4338305.

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Fragmentation is one of environmental degradation and reduction of biodiversity causes, including in bird communities, mainly in Atlantic Forest areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in richness and functional groups structure in the ornitofauna from a Restinga forest fragment and four areas with different ages of reforestation. We selected five forest fragments in a Restinga area in the state of Paraiba. A native fragment (Control Area-AC) and four fragments that have undergone a mining process and present different ages of reforestation (1989, 1997, 2001 and 2003). The avifauna samples occurred in four expeditions between November 2006 and April 2008 and counted with a total effort of 2700 net.m2 per expedition. Statistical tests verified richness differences between studied areas, as well as the composition of their functional groups. In general, 90 bird species were recorded, and the highest reforestation age area presented the highest richness (n = 51 spp.). The species richness comparisons indicated that the difference in the richness between AC and reforested areas is not statistically significant. The similarity analysis indicates that reforested areas share a large amount of species and AC has a great differentiation in composition. This differentiation is explained by the significant presence of frugivorous, nectarivorous, leaf and understory-insectivorous species. Changes in species richness and composition in degraded areas are expected and reforested areas usually have a smaller number of forest-dependent species due to the deficiency of available resources. The recovery of areas by reforestation are important conservation strategies, however there is need for management measures that promote the enrichment of these areas and the availability of resources for species dependent on environments Forest.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Areas degraded by mining'

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