Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Argile – Teneur en eau'
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Lê, Thi Ngoc Ha. "Comportement des sols fins utilisés en couverture étanche des installations de stockage de déchets : approche expérimentale et numérique." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10245.
Full textThe study of the behavior ofmaterials constitutive ofa coyer ofstorage ofwaste must be realized. The principal material is the clay of Aptien. It is altered, humidified and compacted to guarantee the sealing of the work. The traditional step consists in characterizing the behavior ofmaterials in laboratory and on the site of the work. Tests conventional (simple compression, triaxial compression tests) and nonconventional (direct, indirect traction) in laboratory were carried out to determine the important parameters. An extension of the results was made on rising and deflection tests on site. A mechanical improvement of clay behavior by fibres was aimed. Interpretations of the results were made to optimize the placement of materials. However the experiments in laboratory are not sufficient and difficult to lead. A numerical modeling by the MED was considered. Simulations were gauged on tests used for materials of the ground. The difficulty lies in the modeling of the clay which can be subjected simultaneously to traction and compression (deflection test). The clay microstructure was not reproduced but to model by one assembles contact segments. Severallaws of contact were used. The influence of the microscopic parameters of the model on the macroscopic behavior of the samples was studied. An extension ofthese results to the modeling ofa test ofrising ofbig size and in situ was carried out. It is a first answer to the real behavior of the argillaceous coyer of the site
Rinnert, Emmanuel. "Etats d'hydratation d'argiles suivis par analyses vibrationnelles de l'eau et des hydroxyles dans le proche infrarouge : Application aux systèmes saponite et bentonite." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10197.
Full textThe study of the feasibility of a deep geological disposal facility conducted by ANDRA - the French national radioactive waste management agency -, requires the knowledge of water status and water content in clays. Thanks to an original lab-built device coupling vibrational spectroscopies and water adsorption isotherms, adsorbed water and clay's structure are described quantitatively and qualitatively. A multidisciplinary approach allows the description of hydration mechanisms and water molecules network in the interlamellar space of synthetic saponites. The effects of density and nature of interfoliar cations and the influence of temperature on hydration are presented. Using mechanisms and important parameters established on saponites, hydration of bentonite MX80 is carried out. In order to describe and quantify simultaneously two different water states, a simple but relevant method of spectra analysis was developed
Trausch, Grégory. "Développement et mise en oeuvre d'une nouvelle méthode fondée sur le phénomène de nutation pour la décomposition d'un signal composite de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire : application au signal 1H de l'eau dans des argiles synthétiques." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0150_TRAUSCH.pdf.
Full textNowadays, geologic nuclear waste storage is envisionned according to a multi-layer model which implies clays. The latter exhibit retention capacities and low permeability to water ; that is why they are considered as a good candidate for engineered barriers to radioactive waste disposal. The present work here aims at studying transport phenomena which involve water molecules in three samples of synthetic clays (two of them exhibiting a « Pake doublet ») by means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The first chapter describes structural proporties of clays and presents the state-of-art of NMR and other experimental techniques used for such systems. The second chapter deals with the interpretation and the simulation of each conventionnal proton spectrum. These simulations allow us to evidence and to characterize a chemical exchange phenomenon. The third chapter is dedicated to original nutation experiments performed under low radiofrequency field in the case of broad NMR signal. It is shown that this type of NMR experiment can yield the number and the proportion of each species contributing to the whole signal. These results are exploited in the fourth chapter for processing relaxation and diffusion experiments. Finally, the diffusion coefficients obtained by NMR are divided by a factor 4 with respect to pure water while relaxation rates are two orders of magnitude greater
Kaddouri, Zayad. "Impact de la température et de la succion sur le fluage d’une argile compactée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0194.
Full textCompacted clays are used in many applications, including geotechnical and environmental geotechnical applications, due to their low permeability and retention properties. However, once in place, these materials could be exposed to thermal and/or water variations in the long and very long term. The main objective of this work is to experimentally quantify the impact of these variations on the compressibility of a compacted clay, and in particular its creep. With this objective, oedometric cells with controlled temperatures between 5 and 70°C were developed. Two types of oedometers with suction controlled by osmotic and saline methods were used in a suction range of 0 to 20.8 MPa, and at a constant temperature of 20°C. These devices were used to study creep up to a vertical stress of 3600 kPa. The study focused on the behavior of a moderately swelling compacted clay. The obtained results first showed that the yield stress σ’p decreases as the temperature increases. The creep coefficient Cαe increases with temperature, this effect being particularly marked at higher stresses. A linear relationship between the creep coefficient Cαe and the incremental compression index C*c was observed within the stress range considered and the ratio (Cαe /C*c) is temperature dependent. Then, two complementary experimental approaches (creep tests by steps or at controlled strain rate) highlighted the dependence of creep characteristics on soil suction. In addition, the yield stress σ’p increases with increasing strain rate έv and suction. In contrast, the compression index Cc and the creep coefficient Cαe vary in a non-monotonic manner with a maximum value under suction of 3.5 and 2 MPa, respectively. The evolution of these parameters appears to be strongly related to the internal structure of the soil. Analysis of the variation of σ’p with έv and Cαe with Cc showed that the relationship Δlog σ’p /Δlog έv =Cαe/Cc is also valid for the studied compacted clayey soil in saturated and unsaturated states. In conclusion, the results of this work allowed information to be gathered for better understanding the compressibility and creep behavior of compacted clayey soils as a function of temperature and suction
Zhu, Liping. "Utilisation de la simulation moléculaire pour mieux évaluer la déformation et la rupture des roches riches en argile." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2021/2021LILUN038.pdf.
Full textUnderstanding the mechanical characteristics of clay-based materials is critical in earth sciences and a variety of industrial applications. Clay, as the main component in these heterogeneous materials, plays a significant role in the mechanical behavior of such materials. Through the Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation, the present thesis is devoted to investigating the mechanical behaviors of swelling clay minerals at atomic scale by putting the emphasis on the influences of water content, loading path, crystal structure anisotropy and mean stress. The thesis is composed of three parts. The first part mainly focuses on the mechanical properties of dry Na-montmorillonite (MMT) which is subjected to triaxial compression and extension loading with different constant mean stresses. A series of Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out respectively in the parallel and perpendicular directions to crystal layers. The effects of loading path, mean stress and anisotropy on mechanical properties of dry MMT at atomic scale are fully studied and discussed. The second part investigates the influences of water content on the physical and mechanical properties under triaxial compression with a constant mean stress. At first, the swelling property is characterized by the relationship between inter-layer distance and the extent of hydration. Secondly, the stress-strain relationships are obtained for different water contents. In addition, the micro-structure and inter-layer connection of the dry, one-, two-, three-layer hydrated MMT systems between initial and failure states have been analyzed in-depth. At last, the key mechanisms triggering their failure at the atomic scale are identified and analyzed. The third part is devoted to describing the creep deformation of MMT. Through the MD simulation, three representative creep stages have been clearly characterized. The effects of applied stress level, deviatoric stress, the temperature and microstructure orientation on the time dependent responses of MMT have been investigated
Comparon, Laetitia. "Etude expérimentale des propriétés électriques et diélectriques des matériaux argileux consolidés." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135855.
Full textThis study is devoted to the electical and dielectric properties of consolidated clays. A better understanding of the conduction and polarisation phenomena in clays is necessary to better interpret in situ measurements in term of water saturation and texture. An experimental study was carried out on synthetic clay samples (kaolinite and smectite) compacted with various water contents, porosities and mineralogical compositions, on a large frequency range, using three laboratory setups. The electrical properties of natural argillites (from Andra) were theninvestigated. We found that the response of the synthetic samples is mainly controlled by water content on the whole frequency range ; two polarization phenomena were observed, which were related to the Maxwell-Wagner polarization and the electrical double layer polarization around the clay particles. The electrical response of argillites is more complex ; it is controlled by water content but also by the microstructure of the rocks, the electrical and dielectric anisotropies are high ; anisotropy was also measured for the synthetic clays. The existing models explain the high frequency part of the dielectric permittivity of the clayey materials, but the low frequency part of the spectra (<1MHz) needs theoreticaldevelopmentsThis study is devoted to the electical and dielectric properties of consolidated clays. A better understanding of the conduction and polarisation phenomena in clays is necessary to better interpret in situ measurements in term of water saturation and texture. An experimental study was carried out on synthetic clay samples (kaolinite and smectite) compacted with various water contents, porosities and mineralogical compositions, on a large frequency range, using three laboratory setups. The electrical properties of natural argillites (from Andra) were theninvestigated. We found that the response of the synthetic samples is mainly controlled by water content on the whole frequency range ; two polarization phenomena were observed, which were related to the Maxwell-Wagner polarization and the electrical double layer polarization around the clay particles. The electrical response of argillites is more complex ; it is controlled by water content but also by the microstructure of the rocks, the electrical and dielectric anisotropies are high ; anisotropy was also measured for the synthetic clays. The existing models explain the high frequency part of the dielectric permittivity of the clayey materials, but the low frequency part of the spectra (<1MHz) needs theoreticaldevelopments
Lenoble, Véronique. "Elimination de l'Arsenic pour la production d'eau potable :oxydation chimique et adsorption sur des substrats solides innovants." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105947.
Full text(agriculture, extraction et exploitation de minerais principalement) ont conduit à son accumulation dans l'environnement.
L'abaissement à 10 µg/L de la limite de qualité pour l'arsenic dans l'eau de consommation pose la question de l'efficacité des
traitements existants. De nouvelles techniques plus performantes d'élimination de l'arsenic sont donc de plus en plus
nécessaires. L'objectif de ce travail est de développer de nouvelles méthodes d'analyses de l'arsenic, fiables et utilisables sur le
terrain, ainsi que des méthodes simples d'élimination de l'arsenic, de mise en œuvre facile et applicables à de petites unités de
traitement comme celles rencontrées en zones à habitat dispersé (débit < 10 m3/h).
L'adsorption de As(III) et As(V), méthode répondant aux critères précédemment définis, a été étudiée. Tout d'abord des
supports classiques ont été considérés : des (oxy)hydroxydes de fer; puis des supports innovants : des argiles pontées dérivées
d'une montmorillonite. Celle-ci a été modifiée par différents polycations (fer, titane et aluminium) de façon à créer des sites
favorables à l'adsorption. L'adsorption a été réalisée selon différentes conditions, et dans des milieux plus ou moins complexes.
Il s'avère que les (oxy)hydroxydes de fer fixent plus d'arsenic que les argiles pontées, tant sous la forme As(III) que As(V).
Néanmoins, l'étude de la désorption a montré que l'argile pontée au fer était le seul support régénérable quasiment à 100%.
Connaissant les différences de comportement selon la nature des espèces de l'arsenic inorganique As(III) et As(V), l'oxydation
de As(III) par différents oxydants usuels a été l'objet d'une partie de l'étude. Les oxydants testés sont H2O2, NaOCl, FeCl3,
KMnO4 et MnO2(s), couramment employés dans les traitements. De façon à quantifier la capacité oxydante de ces réactifs, une
méthode colorimétrique a été développée. Celle-ci, facilement transposable sur le terrain, peut être appliquée aux eaux peu
chargées en phosphate avec une limite de quantification de 20 µg As/L. Il s'avère que les oxydants les plus facilement
utilisables dans une unité de potabilisation sont KMnO4 et FeCl3. A la suite de cette étude, un support à base d'une résine de
polystyrène recouverte d'oxyde de manganèse a été synthétisé. Ce solide combine des propriétés d'oxydation et d'adsorption
simultanées. Les capacités d'adsorption de ce solide vis-à-vis de As(V) et de As(III) sont remarquables et supérieures à une
majorité des adsorbants étudiés récemment.
La dernière partie a consisté en l'étude de la faisabilité des procédés mis au point sur un milieu plus proche des conditions
naturelles. Pour cela, une eau artificielle représentative des eaux de type granitique, habituellement concernées par la pollution
arséniée, a été préparée à partir de la compilation des compositions d'eaux souterraines destinées à la production d'eau potable.
Ainsi, les concentrations en ions majeurs communes à ces eaux ont pu être déterminées. Cette eau artificielle a ensuite été
utilisée après dopage en As(III) et As(V) dans diverses expériences d'oxydation et d'adsorption de façon à appréhender les
mécanismes mis en jeu dans le milieu naturel. Il apparaît que les ions majeurs ont peu d'influence sur ces procédés, démontrant
leur applicabilité au sein d'une filière de traitement.
Chiarelli, Anne-Sophie. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement mécanique de l'argilité de l'Est : influence de la profondeur et de la teneur en eau." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-188.pdf.
Full textEnfin, on presente la maniere dont le modele est implante dans un code de calcul par elements finis. Les simulations des essais disponibles sont comparees aux resultats experimentaux. La confrontation des resultats numeriques avec les donnees experimentales des essais n'ayant pas ete utilises pour l'identification des parametres, doit permettre une premiere validation. Des calculs simulant l'excavation d'un tunnel sont realises afin d'etudier le comportement de la barriere geologique dans de telles conditions. Puis, afin d'etudier l'influence de la teneur en eau lors d'une telle sollicitation, des calculs ont ete effectues a partir des parametres relatifs a deux teneurs en eau differentes
Gavalda, David. "Devenir des éléments traces métalliques dans les boulbènes (luvi-redoxisol) après épandage de boues granulées." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT007A.
Full textMartin, Vanessa. "Acoustique des sédiments : développement d'un système de mesure en laboratoire et analyse des réponses d'un sol argileux de très forte teneur en eau." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2033.
Full textThe aim of this PhD work is to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between the acoustic and physical properties of natural satured sediments. In the framework of applied research in the environmental management of dams, and more specifically for monitoring sediment stocks in dam reservoirs, this study focuses on clay sediments, and their acoustic properties for frequencies within the kHz-range. We adopt an original experimental approach to measure the acoustic properties of the sediments through which compressional wave propagate. We designed an ad hoc laboratory laboratory set-up (waveguide) to measure the acoustic properties of viscous fluid media, in order to meet the specific requirements of the study. First, the measurements are analysed in a direct manner, in the time domain. Second, the identification problem is addressed and solved in the frequency domain, with the help of appropriate inverse methods (minimization of a cost function and perturbation method). The laboratory measurements, carried out on clay, highlight the influence of particle concentration on sound speed. We were also able to observe and characterize the visco-elastic behaviour of the clay, in particular the sound speed dispersion (the higher the frequency, the greater the speed) and attenuation
Kaddouri, Zayad. "Impact de la température et de la succion sur le fluage d’une argile compactée." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0194/document.
Full textCompacted clays are used in many applications, including geotechnical and environmental geotechnical applications, due to their low permeability and retention properties. However, once in place, these materials could be exposed to thermal and/or water variations in the long and very long term. The main objective of this work is to experimentally quantify the impact of these variations on the compressibility of a compacted clay, and in particular its creep. With this objective, oedometric cells with controlled temperatures between 5 and 70°C were developed. Two types of oedometers with suction controlled by osmotic and saline methods were used in a suction range of 0 to 20.8 MPa, and at a constant temperature of 20°C. These devices were used to study creep up to a vertical stress of 3600 kPa. The study focused on the behavior of a moderately swelling compacted clay. The obtained results first showed that the yield stress σ’p decreases as the temperature increases. The creep coefficient Cαe increases with temperature, this effect being particularly marked at higher stresses. A linear relationship between the creep coefficient Cαe and the incremental compression index C*c was observed within the stress range considered and the ratio (Cαe /C*c) is temperature dependent. Then, two complementary experimental approaches (creep tests by steps or at controlled strain rate) highlighted the dependence of creep characteristics on soil suction. In addition, the yield stress σ’p increases with increasing strain rate έv and suction. In contrast, the compression index Cc and the creep coefficient Cαe vary in a non-monotonic manner with a maximum value under suction of 3.5 and 2 MPa, respectively. The evolution of these parameters appears to be strongly related to the internal structure of the soil. Analysis of the variation of σ’p with έv and Cαe with Cc showed that the relationship Δlog σ’p /Δlog έv =Cαe/Cc is also valid for the studied compacted clayey soil in saturated and unsaturated states. In conclusion, the results of this work allowed information to be gathered for better understanding the compressibility and creep behavior of compacted clayey soils as a function of temperature and suction
Comparon, Laetitia. "Etude experimentale des proprietes electriques et dielectriques des materiaux argileux consolides." Phd thesis, Institut de physique du globe de paris - IPGP, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135855.
Full textXu, Longfei. "Mechanical behaviour of compacted earth with respect to relative humidity and clay content : experimental study and constitutive modelling." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSET005/document.
Full textCompacted earth is regarded as a granular mixture in which clay plays a role of binder but it also exhibits an important interaction with water. During their service life, compacted earth can be subject to large changes in relative humidity. Those perpetual changes of environmental conditions induce continuous changes of water content of the earth that impact significantly its mechanical performances. The present work aimes at studying the mechanical behavior of compacted earth with respect to relative humidity and clay content. It involves an extensive experimental study and a constitutive modelling. In the first part of this thesis, four kinds of local earth are identified with different clay contents. A comparison of compaction method was then conducted between a double static compaction and dynamic compaction. Three types of specific tests: suction test by filter paper method, shrinkage test and sorption-desorption test were carried out, thereby providing a preliminary insight on the interaction effects between clay and water. In the second part, the impact of clay and moisture contents on the shear behavior of compacted earth was investigated taking into account loading-unloading cycles. Adopting a particular definition of Bishop's effective stress, failure states of all samples were observed to lie approximately on a unique failure line crossing the origin in the (p'-q) plane regardless of matric suction and confining pressure. Finally, based on the above experimental results, a new constitutive model was proposed, based on the theories of Bounding Surface Plasticity and continuum damage mechanics, aiming to simulate mechanical behaviour of compacted earth
Kessouri, Pauline. "Mesure simultanée aux fréquences moyennes et cartographie de la permittivité diélectrique et de la conductivité électrique du sol." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787908.
Full textTa, An-Ninh. "Etude de l'interaction sol-atmosphère en chambre environnementale." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00517746.
Full textZhang, Fan. "Comportement mécanique des argilites de MHM : influences de la saturation, de la composition minéralogique et de la température." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10153/document.
Full textClayey rocks are largely investigated for the feasibility study of geological storage of radioactive wastes. In that context, the clayey rocks are subjected to solicitations of different origin: stress variation due to cavity excavation, change of water saturation degree (drying and resaturation), variation of temperature due to exothermal wastes, and chemical reaction processes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop coupled THM-C modelling for the short and long term feasibility analysis of geological storage facilities. The present work is devoted to experimental investigation and modelling of mechanical behaviour of Meuse- Haute Marne (MHM) argillites by taking into account influences of saturation, mineralogical composition and temperature.A number of laboratory investigations have been performed for studying mechanical behaviour of MHM argillites. We propose to realize new investigations to extend and complete existing data. The emphasis is put on the influences of saturation and temperature. Micro-indentation and mini compression tests are conducted on small size samples under different values of relative humidity and temperature. Argillite samples from different depth are then investigated and the influences of mineralogical composition on mechanical properties are shown.In the present work, we propose to apply a homogenization-based micromechanical model. Comparing with the macroscopic models, it can describe influences of mineralogical compositions on macroscopic behaviours. The argillites are considered as a three phase composite: clay matrix, calcite and quartz grains. Comparisons between numerical modelling and experimental data will be presented
Tazi, Sami. "Description moléculaire des ions aux interfaces argile-eau." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066471.
Full textIn the context of the geological disposal in clay-rich formations of long-lived nuclear waste, it is necessary to understand and quantify the transport and retention of radionuclides in clays. Molecular simulations have greatly contributed to understand the different mechanisms involved, including the competition with naturally occurring species. However its contribution has so far been somewhat limited to the case of simple ions, which are in general monovalent. The study of the multivalent ions on the surface of clays has been hindered by the lack of reliable polarizable force fields for clays. Indeed, multivalent ions being strongly polarizing, induction effects cannot be neglected to study them at interfaces. In this context, we have developed a polarizable force field for clays, from an original method relying on ab initio calculations only. We present here this method and its application to ion-water and intra-clay interactions. We then validate the force field for the ion-water interaction on static, dynamic and thermodynamic properties, and the intra-clay interactions on static properties. We further illustrate the interest of the polarizable force field by validating it on IR spectra. A second challenge for the lateral surfaces of clays is the necessity to determine the protonation state of the silanols and aluminols clay edge site, which play a fundamental role in the sorption of ions on these surfaces. To address this point we calculate the different pKa values from an original method inspired by the Marcus theory and that rely on thermodynamic integration. In conclusion, the newly developed force field and the knowledge of the different protonation states of the clay edge site will allow the study of the transport and retention of the multivalent ions on clay surfaces
Beziat, Alain. "Etude experimentale de la conductivite thermique de materiaux argileux hautement compactes : contribution a l'etude du stockage de dechets radioactifs." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2026.
Full textJia, Yun. "Contribution à la modélisation thermo-hydro-mécanique des roches partiellement saturées : application au stockage des déchets radioactifs." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/bf9141e8-50b7-4681-a346-3bfb1c214d7c.
Full textVan, Hullebusch Eric. "Contribution à l'étude du devenir, de la mobilité et de l'impact de métaux utilisés pour le traitement de plans d'eau eutrophes : cas de l'aluminium et du cuivre." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0016.
Full textAouadja, Fatima-Zohra. "Comportement de melanges eau-argile concentres vis a vis du procede d'extrusion." Rennes, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAR0006.
Full textAouadja, Fatima-Zohra. "Comportement de mélanges eau-argile concentrés vis à vis du procédé d'extrusion." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376113626.
Full textSamri, Driss. "Analyse physique et caractérisation hygrothermique des matériaux de construction." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0067/these.pdf.
Full textBuilding materials are porous materials, and therefore very sensitive to water. Due to variable hermodynamical ambient conditions, processes of energy and mass transfers between the ambient air and the material occur. These exchanges lead to important modification of their thermal properties and their durability. For instance, measurements of the thermal conductivity of Hemp Lime Concrete, placed in climatic chamber in which the relative humidity is 75%, show a variation of 30%. This PhD Thesis deals with the case of three porous buildin materials: Aerated Autoclaved Concrete (AAC), Hemp Lime Concrete (HLC) and Vertically Perforated Brick (VPB). The hygrothermal behaviour of these materials is studied with the experimental set-up called cell of exchange. This cell consists of test walls which are place between a climatic box and the laboratory. The scope of this experimental work is to create gradients of temperature and of relative humidity through the sample. So, the study aims to measure and characterise heat and mass flows in these materials. Ln a second part, simulation are performed to design, expiain and interpret the experimental results. They are done in COMSOL Multiphysics. Ln a first approach, only the heat equation in 1 D has been implemented in the toolbox. Comparisons between experimental and theoretical results gives us the therm properties of tested materials (ʎ,ρ,c,hs et a). The numerical modeling approach shows that, contrary to AAC or VPB, HLC involves a complex interaction between heat transport and mass transfer through the material. So, simulations on HLC are investigated through the problematic of phase change materials
Blanc, Philippe. "Organisation de l'empilement des mineraux interstratifies illite/smectite : modelisation thermodynamique et application au domaine experimental." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13161.
Full textPallier, Virginie. "Elimination de l’arsenic par coagulation floculation et électrocoagulation d’eaux faiblement minéralisées." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/132b8acd-9e31-4857-aa02-0020c9c316b6/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4062.pdf.
Full textThe mobilization of arsenic in the environment by naturally occurring processes results in source water contamination. While drinking water represents the main source of exposure to inorganic arsenic, this source water contamination increases the human health hazard. Thus, the maximum contaminant level of arsenic in drinking water was reduced to 10 µg/L and as a consequence new analytical methods and efficient and innovative arsenic removal processes have to be developed and optimized. Here As(III) was quantified by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry or by square wave cathodic stripping voltammetry depending on matrix composition. Both chemical and electrochemical processes as coagulation flocculation with Iron(III) salts and electrocoagulation, were optimized to remove arsenic. Their efficiency depends on arsenic speciation, pH, treatment dose and presence of organic matter. These parameters also control the arsenic removal mechanisms
Quignon, Frédéric. "Étude en milieu hydrique de l'inactivation du poliovirus-I et de son adsorption sur argile et sur biofilm." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10454.
Full textMioche, Dominique. "Aspects du cycle de la matière sur les récifs frangeants de l'île de la Réunion (Océan Indien) : signature des dégradations et mécanismes de l'eutrophisation." La Réunion, 1998. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/98_15_Mioche.pdf.
Full textThomas, Catherine Reine. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle des champs de nitrates et d'oxygène et de la production nouvelle dans l'océan Atlantique tropical en 1982-1984." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30080.
Full textStephant, Alice. "Le Rapport isotopique de l'hydrogène dans le système solaire interne : à la recherche des sources physico-chimiques de l'eau planétaire." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0022.
Full textCurrent dynamical models of Solar System formation and geochemical models agree on a likely chondritic origin for the terrestrial water. Indeed, primitive meteorites, called chondrites, have undergone an aqueous alteration process on their parent bodies. Moreover, these meteorites are one of the considered sources for the existence of water in lunar minerals. This thesis lies on hydrogen isotopic ratios and water contents measured using NanoSIMS in the carbonaceous chondrite Paris and lunar soils from the Apollo missions. Chondrules in Paris meteorite seem to have registered a water source distinct from the one of the parent body aqueous alteration. For the moon, water retained in soils is majority formed by implantation of the solar wind hydrogen
Coutière, Bénédicte. "Nouveau procédé de dénitrification des eaux par le fer métallique." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0036.
Full textChevron, Florence. "Dénitrification biologique d'une nappe phréatique polluée par des composés azotés d'origine industrielle : expérimentations en laboratoire sur les cinétiques, le métabolisme et les apports de nutriments." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-234.pdf.
Full textDJELAL, CHAFIKA. "Analyse du phenomene de frottement des melanges eau-argile concentres contre des surfaces metalliques." Rennes, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAR0010.
Full textEl, Korhani Oula. "Supports en argile et membranes en carbone biosourcées pour le traitement des eaux au Liban." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20059/document.
Full textProviding people worldwide an access to clean and safe water is one of the most motivating scientific and economical challenges of our modern society. Water purification and remediation can be afforded by membrane technology. The preparation of membranes using low-cost and locally-available resources appears as an economically-competitive solution. This drawback may be considered in the framework of a sustainable chemistry approach. In this context, our work is focused on the elaboration of supports and membranes from Lebanese resources. For this purpose, ceramic supports were developed from natural clays. Inorganic bio-sourced carbon membranes were prepared from by-products of the Lebanese agro-alimentary industries.The thermal treatment required to ensure the support adequate properties was fixed around 950°C - 1200°C. Clay supports (flat and tubular) were elaborated by extrusion and roll-pressing of plastic clay green pastes. Before the deposition of the carbon membrane active layer, it was necessary to filtrate bacteria to avoid and/or limit biofouling. Indeed, microorganisms especially bacteria represent a possible cause of human diseases proliferation. Drinkable water should be thus disinfected to ensure the health of the population and notably in the third countries. It is well known that the essential oils extracted from aromatic plants were used as remedies for many diseases, to prevent the possible side effects of antibiotics. In this context, lavender, rosemary and oregano were diffused through clay ceramic supports to prevent all types of bacteria and biomass film growth in the water tanks.At the same time, a sustainable route to carbon membranes was developed using by-products of food industries. Starting from wastes of Lebanon beers, carbon nanoparticles were synthetized by hydrothermal carbonization. The carbon colloids were then deposited on the clay-based supports to form carbon membranes by slip-casting and spin-coating
Gerbier, Christophe. "Etude comparative de la faisabilité industrielle de procédés biologiques de dénitrification." Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0057.
Full textTourneur, Isabelle. "Le bore, origine, répartition dans les eaux, inconvénients." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P220.
Full textDijoux, Frédéric. "Etude par résonance paramagnétique électronique multifréquence de l'ion Fe3+ dans les milieux à faible organisation (argiles et verres)." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20169.
Full textPaumier, Sandrine. "Facteurs déterminant l'organisation et la rhéologie du système argile-eau pour des suspensions de smectites." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2298.
Full textSmectites are swelling clays widely used in industry. Theirs mechanical properties are unequal according to their mineralogical and physicochemical characteristics. The aim of this study is to improve the knowledge of the interlayer cation impact on the structure built by the smectite-water system according to the concentration. Homo-ionic (Na+, Ca2+) and bi-ionic systems are observed. This study crosschecks mineralogical methods, physicochemical analysis and broad range of rheometric tests. At low concentration (less than 60 g/l) the calcium dispersions are shear thinning and few viscous due to the layer association in huge deformable flocks. The sodium smectite layers are dispersed; the dispersions are highly viscous. The lowest viscosity is detected for mix of 20 % of sodium smectite and 80 % of calcium smectite. At higher concentration (60 to 100 g/l), the yield stress and viscoelastic properties are studied by creep-recovery tests, oscillatory tests and imposed shear step. At the liquid state, the flow is first heterogeneous with a shear banding effect then homogeneous. The results make it possible to define the concentration area characteristic of each mechanical behavior (viscosity, shear thinning and yield stress) according to the saturation cation. The thixotropic properties are characterized with destructuring-restructuring tests. Two kinetics are determined. Finally we realize a data base with 12 natural and industrial bentonites. The rheograms would be efficient to differentiate the natural calcium bentonites (newtonian law), natural sodium bentonites (Herschel-Bulkley law) and activated calcium bentonites (Bingham law)
Xiao, Xiaoting. "Détermination de gradients de teneur en eau dans les bétons par méthodes électromagnétiques." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=fe3c690d-0711-4ffc-964a-9649849c11f2.
Full textConsidering the aging problems of civil engineering structures induces the evaluation of durability indicators (such as porosity) and durability monitoring parameters (such as water content and chloride content). From the electromagnetic (EM) non-destructive testing, Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is used by surveying permittivity inside concrete. The general study is composed of three objectives. Firstly, establish a physical and mathematical interaction between the waves and the materials. To better understand the propagation of EM waves inside the material, we have studied on several dispersion models characterizing the dielectric properties of concrete, and used Debye’s model and Jonscher’s model getting good working performance. Secondly, develop a new method for GPR to detect the gradients of relative permittivity in a dispersive material. With knowledge of the speed of radar waves travelling through the medium, we are able to know the relative permittivity of the material. As the material can form a waveguide for EM waves. The phase velocity of the guided EM waves is used to extract the dielectric and geometric information of it. Then, a new inversion method is implemented to estimate the dielectric permittivity and geometry of the waveguides. The one-layer waveguide is developed into multi-layer waveguide by a dielectric mixing model: parallel model. Thus, the new multi-layer waveguide model is validated both on synthetic and experimental data. Finally, monitor water transferring inside the concrete slabs with the new developed method, the results being compared with those from gammadensimetry, considered as reference
Meyer, Sébastien. "Etude de l'organisation de suspensions colloi͏̈dales de particules chargées anisotropes en relation avec des mesures RMN de la mobilité du solvant et des cations compensateurs." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2006.
Full textChatelain, Mathieu. "Flux dissous à l'interface eau-sédiment sous des écoulements oscillants." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066154.
Full textLe, Thang. "Influence de l’humidité des granulats de béton recyclé sur le comportement à l’état frais et durcissant des mortiers." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10160/document.
Full textImproved techniques of characterization of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and a better understanding of the properties of concrete based on RCA would promote their use. The aim of this work is to study the influence of the state of saturation of RCA, especially of recycled sand, on the fresh and hardened behavior of mortars. The first part of this work is dedicated to the study of water absorption of recycled sand (RS) by different methods. The results show that the water absorption of RS is greater than that of natural sand (NS). However, the water absorption value of the RS is closely related to the used method and the pre-saturation mode. The second part is dedicated to the influence of the saturation state of aggregates on the workability of mortars. The results show that the initial saturation state, the pre-saturation mode and the pre-saturation time significantly influence the workability of the mortars. The influence of the saturation state of recycled aggregates on the hardened behavior of mortar is then studied with two mortars based on recycled dry or over-saturated sand. The microstructure is explored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) followed by image analysis and by indentation test under the SEM. The compressive strength of mortars containing RS is lower than that of mortars made with NS. Moreover, the initial saturation state of RS does not influence significantly the compressive strength of mortars, the mean porosity of the new interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and the micro-hardness of the cement matrix. However, the saturation state influences significantly the distribution of meso-porosity in the new ITZ
Trausch, Grégory. "Développement et mise en œuvre d'une nouvelle méthode fondée sur le phénomène de nutation pour la décomposition d'un signal composite de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire. Application au signal 1H de l'eau dans des argiles synthétiques." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00126563.
Full textRichaud-Patillon, Odile. "La microfiltration tangentielle dans le traitement des eaux potables : application au cas d'une eau dénitrifiée." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT067H.
Full textKergaravat, Cédric. "Effets des conditions expérimentales sur la consommation en chlore et la production des composés organohalogènes au cours de la désinfection des eaux : application de la théorie des réseaux de réactions du premier ou pseudo-premier ordre." Angers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ANGE0027.
Full textThe aim of this study was to attempt to clarify the effects of experimental conditions (oxidant dose, temperature, ph, br -) on chlorine and chlorine dioxide demands and thm and aha production in natural waters. By maintaining the oxidant concentration at a constant value during the experiments, the results were interpreted using a first-order reaction network analytical solution. Two general equations describing the evolution of the oxidant demand on the one hand, and the concentrations of disinfection by-products on the other hand, were established. Under the assumption of a kinetic limitation of the mechanism by the oxidation reactions, the first equation showed that the consumption of chlorine or chlorine dioxide was only a function of the factor ct, product of the oxidant concentration and time. The direct application of this equation, which is also valid for a variable oxidant dose, reduces the acquisition times of the oxidant demand by increasing the concentration or temperature. It also allows access to the consumption of a mixture of several compounds from the oxidant demands of each of them obtained under different experimental conditions. The effects of chlorine dose and br - concentration on the distribution of thm could be modelled using the second equation. The results obtained show that the limiting reactions leading to the formation of these products are halogenation and hydrolysis reactions that precede the formation of intermediates common to the different thm
Zryd, Amédée Zryd Amédée Sylvestre. "Conditions dans la couche basale des glaciers tempérés : contraintes, teneur en eau et frottement intérieur /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1990. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=9163.
Full textCormier, Étienne. "Mesure de la teneur en eau en continu durant le séchage du foin en balles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25712/25712.pdf.
Full textGuihard, Vincent. "Homogénéisation de grandeurs électromagnétiques dans les milieux cimentaires pour le calcul de teneur en eau." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30165/document.
Full textPrediction of delayed behavior in concrete can be significantly improved by monitoring the amount and spatial distribution of water within a concrete structure over time. Water content of cement-based materials can also be required to interpret non-destructive tests such as ultrasonic and radar measurements. Electromagnetic properties of heterogeneous and porous materials, such as dielectric permittivity, are closely related to water content. Measurement of these properties is thus a common non-destructive technique used to assess the moisture content, but a calibration curve is required to link the measured permittivity to the saturation degree. This curve can be determined experimentally, or from empirical models. However, the first approach is tedious and time consuming, while the second one is not adapted to concrete. Hence, this contribution proposes an alternative route, relying on electromagnetic homogenization schemes, to connect the macroscopic permittivity of cement-based materials with the water content of the structure. Therefore, different open-ended coaxial probes were designed, modelled and tested in order to perform complex permittivity measurements of both solids and liquids. The homogenization approach is first validated on unsaturated sand. Then, the permittivity of concrete components (aggregates, hydrates, interstitial liquid, anhydrous cement) was assessed by means of coaxial probe measurements. Finally, a specific combination of analytical homogenization laws taking into account the microstructure's morphology of the material is built. Results show that there is a good correlation between the model and measurements acquired on different cement pastes, mortars and concretes, at different saturation degrees. The model is characterized by a quasi-instantaneous calculation time and can be adapted to different concretes depending on cement type, nature and quantity aggregates or porosity
Bourrel, Sylvie. "Estimation et commande d'un procédé à paramètres répartis utilisé pour le traitement biologique de l'eau à potabiliser." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30191.
Full textSavignat, Thierry. "Oxygénation des eaux de surface." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P181.
Full textBabah, Houda Mint. "Étude expérimentale de quelques aspects de la problématique des dunes éoliennes : des processus d'avalanche à la stratigraphie des dunes." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S029.
Full textThis thesis addresses two questions related to the general topic of aeolian dune migration. The first aspect concerns the processes of erosion and deposition during an avalanche of grains. By means of an experimental device allowing to drop a column of grains without initial speed on a granular slope, we have quantified the relative importance of erosion and deposition phenomena. In particular we have measured the neutral angle which defines the critical slope at which these two processes balance each other. The second aspect focuses on the internal structure of aeolian dunes. With our co-workers from the University of Cornell (USA), we have developed capacitance probes allowing to determine the volume fraction and water content of a granular pile from measurements of electric permittivity. Thanks to these probes, we were able to characterize the stratigraphy of dunes in Mauritania. Our results showed that the internal structure of the dunes presents a marked stratification with an alternation of loose and compact layers