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Journal articles on the topic 'Argillaceous rocks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Yang, Yu-chuan, Jia-wen Zhou, Fu-gang Xu, and Hui-ge Xing. "An Experimental Study on the Water-Induced Strength Reduction in Zigong Argillaceous Siltstone with Different Degree of Weathering." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4956986.

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The water-softening property of soft rocks is a key problem in geotechnical engineering. A typical red-bed soft rock (the Zigong argillaceous siltstones) with different weathering degree is selected as an example to study the water-softening property and the influence of degree of weathering. A series of mechanical and microstructure tests are carried out to analyze the weathering characteristics and mechanism of the Zigong argillaceous siltstones. The results of mechanical experiments reveal that the water content and the weathering degree of rock specimens both have a weakening effect on the compressive and shear strengths. According to the results of present microstructure tests, the mechanical properties of the Zigong argillaceous siltstones are closely correlated with their physical properties, including internal microstructure and material composition for highly weathered rocks or moderately weathered rocks (in both natural and saturation conditions). Finally, experimental results indicate that the changes of microstructure and internal materials are two main factors that influence rock strength parameters after contacting with water and that these properties reflect the rock weathering degree. In a word, when red-bed soft rocks are encountered in geotechnical engineering, special attention should be paid to presence of water.

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2

Antonov, Dimitar, Madlena Tsvetkova, and Doncho Karastanev. "Preliminary modelling of radionuclide migration in the argillaceous sediments of the Sumer Formation (Northwestern Bulgaria)." Geologica Balcanica 49, no. 3 (December 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.49.3.13.

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In Bulgaria, from the preliminary analyses performed for site selection of deep geological disposal of high-level waste (HLW) and spent fuel (SF), it was concluded that the most promising host rocks are the argillaceous sediments of the Sumer Formation (Lower Cretaceous), situated in the Western Fore-Balkan Mts. The present paper aims to compare the transport of three major radionuclides from a hypothetical radioactive waste disposal facility, which incorporates an engineering barrier of bentonite into the argillaceous (marl) medium. The simulations were performed by using HYDRUS-1D computer programme. The results are used for a preliminary estimation of argillaceous sediments as a host rock for geological disposal of HLW.

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3

Wang, Yu, and Jian Lin Li. "Investigation on Shear Creep Mechanical Properties of Soft Rock." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 1024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.1024.

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The construction of slope or underground engineering often encounters soft rocks, which control the stability of rock engineering, with obvious characteristics of rheology. Under step load conditon, the shear creep test of argillaceous siltstone is performed by using the RMT150c rock and soil mechanics testing machine. Testing results show that the amount of creep deformation for argillaceous siltstone is big enough, which should be taken into consideration for analysis of stability or design of slope or underground engineering. Based on testing results, the long-term shear strength parameters are determined to provide theory basis for engineering survey and design.

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4

Meng, Bo, Hongwen Jing, Wenxin Zhu, and Haijian Su. "Influences of Saturation and Wetting-Drying Cycle on Mechanical Performances of Argillaceous Limestones from Liupanshan Tunnel, China." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (August 8, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9236172.

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Water-rock interaction is a vital factor to affect the stabilities of rock projects. This paper conducted a series of experiments on argillaceous limestones to investigate the influences of saturation and wetting-drying cycle on the physical and mechanical performances of rocks. The results show that the increasing saturation increases the dissolution of clay minerals and lubrication among mineral grains, resulting in an obvious reduction effect on the strength and deformation performances of argillaceous limestones. Wetting-drying cycle increases the porosity and changes the pore structure of argillaceous limestones, leading to the pore transformation from small pore (0.01∼0.1 μm) to relatively large pore (0.1∼1.0 μm). Both the physical and mechanical performances of argillaceous limestones are weakened by the wetting-drying cycle. Besides, the variation process of the physical and mechanical parameters, including mass loss, density, ultrasonic velocity, compression strength, peak strain, elasticity modulus, and secant modulus, can be divided into two stages: 0∼6th wetting-drying cycle, gently changing, and 6th∼12th wetting-drying cycle, drastically changing. The whole change process of these physical and mechanical parameters with the increase in the wetting-drying cycle number can be expressed with the exponential function in general.

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5

Pujar, Anant G., A. Sreenivasa, and Ajaykumar N. Asode. "Petrography and Provenance Study of South-Central Part of Kaladgi Basin, Belgaum, Karnataka, India." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 11, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol11.iss1.2020.421.

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The area under investigation covers the south-central part of Kaladgi series comprising of sedimentary rocks, mainly quartzarenites. From the geological point of view the study area comprises southcentral part of Kaladgi basin covering around 54 km2 which encompasses rocky hills of moderate height, showing three types of facies i.e., argillaceous, arenaceous and rudaceous. Among these three, arenaceous facies is more prominent in the area. These sedimentary rocks rest unconformably over gneisses. Detailed study of the rocks exposed are done by studying the petrological aspects of the rock samples which were subjected to microscopic studies, bifurcating different minerals and counting each parameter of the minerals which is plotted in the QFR ternary diagram and further illustrating the tectonic provenance of the area. Present work mainly focuses on the studies related to petrological, diagenesis and provenance of the study area where the rocks exposed in the vicinity are quartz arenites indicating that these sediments were deposited in a riverine condition.

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6

Pujar, Anant G., A. Sreenivasa, and Ajaykumar N. Asode. "Petrography and Provenance Study of South-Central Part of Kaladgi Basin, Belgaum, Karnataka, India." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 11, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v11i1.421.

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The area under investigation covers the south-central part of Kaladgi series comprising of sedimentary rocks, mainly quartzarenites. From the geological point of view the study area comprises southcentral part of Kaladgi basin covering around 54 km2 which encompasses rocky hills of moderate height, showing three types of facies i.e., argillaceous, arenaceous and rudaceous. Among these three, arenaceous facies is more prominent in the area. These sedimentary rocks rest unconformably over gneisses. Detailed study of the rocks exposed are done by studying the petrological aspects of the rock samples which were subjected to microscopic studies, bifurcating different minerals and counting each parameter of the minerals which is plotted in the QFR ternary diagram and further illustrating the tectonic provenance of the area. Present work mainly focuses on the studies related to petrological, diagenesis and provenance of the study area where the rocks exposed in the vicinity are quartz arenites indicating that these sediments were deposited in a riverine condition.

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7

Degueldre, Claude, and Veerle Cloet. "Pore water colloid properties in argillaceous sedimentary rocks." Science of The Total Environment 569-570 (November 2016): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.073.

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8

AOYAGI, KOICHI, GEORGE V. CHILINGARIAN, and T. F. YEN. "Clay Mineral Diagenesis in Argillaceous Sediments and Rocks." Energy Sources 9, no. 2 (January 1987): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908318708908687.

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9

Fabre, Géraldine, and Frédéric Pellet. "Creep and time-dependent damage in argillaceous rocks." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 43, no. 6 (September 2006): 950–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2006.02.004.

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10

Sokolov, V. N., and Neal R. O'Brien. "A fabric classification of argillaceous rocks, sediments, soils." Applied Clay Science 5, no. 4 (December 1990): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-1317(90)90030-s.

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11

Suits, L. D., T. C. Sheahan, Marcos Arroyo, Jubert A. Pineda, and Enrique Romero. "Shear Wave Measurements Using Bender Elements in Argillaceous Rocks." Geotechnical Testing Journal 33, no. 6 (2010): 102872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj102872.

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12

Corominas, Jordi, Joan Martínez-Bofill, and Albert Soler. "A textural classification of argillaceous rocks and their durability." Landslides 12, no. 4 (October 7, 2014): 669–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-014-0520-y.

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13

Wang, L. L., M. Bornert, D. S. Yang, E. Héripré, S. Chanchole, B. Halphen, A. Pouya, and D. Caldemaison. "Microstructural insight into the nonlinear swelling of argillaceous rocks." Engineering Geology 193 (July 2015): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.05.019.

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14

Kotlyar, Vladimir D., Grigorii A. Kozlov, Oleg I. Zhivotkov, and Kira A. Lapunova. "Paving Clinker of Low-Temperature Sintering on the Basis of Opokamorphic Rocks." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.568.

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The article presents the results of work on manufacturing paving clinker based on carbonate-argillaceous opokas belonging to the group of siliceous opal-cristobalite rocks. General characteristics of these rocks are given. Their composition, properties and spread patterns are shown. It has been shown that the introduction of strong minerals up to 1% allows creating products with water absorption of less than 2.5% at burning temperatures of 1050-1100 ° C. The resulting products are yellow and fully meet the requirements of regulatory documents. The main technological factors in the production of paving clinker are as follows: the grain composition of the crushed raw materials, burning temperature of the products and the amount of mineralizer. The production of paving clinker based on carbonate-argillaceous opokas can be organized either by extrusion molding or by compression molding.

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15

Liu, Xiaodong, Pinghui Liu, Chaocheng Dai, Shuai Liu, Juzhi Deng, Weimin Zhang, and Zheng Yu. "Site screening of clay formations in NW China as host rocks for a high-level radioactive waste disposal repository." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 482, no. 1 (2019): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp482.17.

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AbstractDeep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in a repository with a system of engineered and natural barriers has been recognized as an appropriate disposal concept by Chinese authorities since 2003, and both crystalline rocks and argillaceous rocks are considered as the candidate host rocks for HLW disposal repository. The 1:200 000 regional survey indicated that there are potential clay formations in Mesozoic–Cenozoic sedimentary basins in NW China. Five candidate areas have been suggested with potential clay formations including the Tamusu and Suhongtu areas with upper K1 Bayingebi clay formations in the east Bayingebi Basin, in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. On the basis of a detailed ground geological, hydrological and geophysical surveys, two test boreholes drilled to a depth of 800 m in the Tamusu area revealed that there are three lacustrine-facies clay formations (K1b2-3, K1b2-2 and K1b2-1). The thickness of the K1b2-3 and K1b2-2 clay formations is about 300–600 m with sandstone and siltstone interbeds, while the thickness of the K1b2-1 homogeneous clay formation is more than 200 m with the depth of 450 m below the surface. The spatial extension of the clay formations could meet the fundamental criteria to ensure the long-term safety of the repository. Initial mineralogical studies on core samples indicated that the mineral assemblage is dominated by analcite, kaolinite, illite and dolomite. The homogeneous argillaceous rocks rich in analcite in Tamusu area could be a new type of host rock for a HLW disposal repository.

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16

Zheng, Huaiguo, Qingxiang Cai, Wei Zhou, Xiang Lu, Ming Li, Chongchong Qi, Izhar Mithal Jiskani, and Yu Zhang. "Creep Behaviours of Argillaceous Sandstone: An Experimental and Modelling Study." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 7602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217602.

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Understanding the creep behaviours of rocks is essential for the long-term stability of underground excavations in mining engineering. Creep behaviours are more important when the mining depth is greater, which leads to the emergence of weak rock masses and high in situ stresses. In this study, the creep behaviours of argillaceous sandstone (AS) were systematically investigated. For the experimental investigation, creep tests were conducted on AS with different confining pressures (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 MPa) using an MTS815.02 rock mechanics test system. The mechanical characteristics of AS were analysed. For the numerical study, a nonlinear creep model of AS under equal and different confining pressures was established based on rock creep theory and plastic theory. The results showed that confining pressure could effectively improve the creep failure strength of AS, accelerating its creep deformation rate and process and reducing the final expansion volume. The nonlinear creep model was embedded in the FLAC3D software, and the experimental and numerical results agreed well. The experimental investigation and proposed creep model can provide important guidance in underground mines for safe long-term stability of underground excavations.

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17

KEMMOCHI, Sanpei, Eiji TAKETSU, Tomoyuki AOKI, Ryuzabro MORITA, and Hideki SHIRAHATA. "EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE-LAYER SUPPORTING METHOD IN SQUEEZING ARGILLACEOUS ROCKS." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu F 62, no. 2 (2006): 312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejf.62.312.

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18

Souley, Mountaka, Gilles Armand, Kun Su, and Mehdi Ghoreychi. "Modeling the viscoplastic and damage behavior in deep argillaceous rocks." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 36, no. 17-18 (January 2011): 1949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.10.012.

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19

Dinç, Özge, and Luc Scholtès. "Discrete Analysis of Damage and Shear Banding in Argillaceous Rocks." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 51, no. 5 (January 16, 2018): 1521–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1397-6.

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20

Zhu, Xiaojun, Jingong Cai, Guoqi Song, and Junfeng Ji. "Factors influencing the specific surface areas of argillaceous source rocks." Applied Clay Science 109-110 (June 2015): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.02.016.

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21

Bai, Qi Shu, Yuan You Xia, Xin Xi Liu, and Zi Han Yang. "The Study of the Triaxial Rheological Test of the Argillaceous Siltstone in Malin Mine." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 2125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.2125.

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Abstract. Coal being one of the main energy resources in China. Coal industry plays an important role in the domestic economy. Roadway support is a key technology in coal mining, and the mechanical properties of surrounding rock directly affect the stability of roadways and their supporting structure. In order to solve the problem of gateway support for C8 coal seam, In terms of the rheological data got from the argillaceous siltstone samples and the influence that loading history has on rock deformation, it employs Burgers model to reflect the creep characteristics of rock. The analytical results demonstrate that the creep test curves of rock sample basically tallies with the theoretical curves and Burgers clearly describes the creep characteristics of rocks. The relationship between surrounding rock stress and surrounding rock deformation provides roadway support with reasonable evidence.

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22

CORDANI, UMBERTO G., ANA M. MIZUSAKI, KOJI KAWASHITA, and ANTONIO THOMAZ-FILHO. "Rb–Sr systematics of Holocene pelitic sediments and their bearing on whole-rock dating." Geological Magazine 141, no. 2 (March 2004): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756803008616.

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In many cases, when dealing with argillaceous fine-grained sedimentary rocks, the isotopic ages obtained from Rb–Sr whole-rock isochron calculations are of geological significance, despite the fact that the initial conditions of Sr isotopic homogenization are not fulfilled. To explain this, a mechanical mixing during deposition has been suggested, leading to an aggregate of mixed material with fairly uniform 87Sr/86Sr values, whatever Rb/Sr ratio is found in the analysed samples. This investigation of the behaviour of Rb and Sr during sedimentation and early diagenesis, involves study of more than 60 samples of fine-grained recent sediments from selected coastal localities of Brazil. The results indicate that pelitic samples from some recent to present-day transitional or shallow marine environments, such as the Jacarepaguá tidal flat and the Amazonas River mouth, where halmirolysis could have occurred, may produce nearly horizontal best-fit lines in a Rb–Sr isochron diagram. Moreover, the initial isotopic 87Sr/86Sr ratios appear to be well above 0.710. In open marine environments, such as the Campos Basin, where sampling was spread over more than 100 metres, exchanges between the argillaceous sediments and seawater potentially happen at low temperature, inducing a reduction of the 87Sr/86Sr isotopic composition of the sediments to nearly 0.710. An almost horizontal best-fit line is produced for the entire stratigraphic section, independent of the sedimentation age. We believe that in similar environments such ‘zero age isochrons’ are maintained for some time, testifying to exchanges between the sediment and the interstitial fluids, before the onset of burial diagenesis. The above described studies on fine-grained and recent argillaceous sediments seem to confirm the production of horizontal best-fit lines in isochron diagrams, justifying the application of the Rb–Sr whole-rock method to pelitic sedimentary rocks. The nature of the material is critical. The pelitic sediments to be analysed should contain only very limited amounts of coarse clastic material (especially feldspars and mica fragments) and consist mainly of fine clay minerals in which smectites, illite and mixed layers illite–smectite largely predominate.

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23

Bell, Fred G., and Colin A. Jermy. "A laboratory investigation of some factors affecting the stability of a mine in the Eastern Transvaal coalfield, South Africa." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.8.2.85.

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Abstract The stability of roofs and floors in pillared coal mines is affected by a number of properties of the strata above and below the coal seam which is worked. These include the lithological character of the rocks, the sedimentary features contained within them, the geomechanical properties of the rocks, notably their strength and deformation moduli, the durability of the rocks on exposure, and the incidence and geometry of discontinuities. Instability also can be associated with the development of excessive methane and water pressures in the strata surrounding a worked coal seam. Accordingly, rock-core material was obtained from a mine in the Eastern Transvaal Coalfield in order to investigate the influence of certain of these properties on the stability of the roof and floor of the mine. The investigation showed the existence of a number of sedimentary facies that had different geological characteristics and geomechanical properties. A large number of compressive and tensile strength tests were carried out on the rock-core material, as was permeability testing. The latter was undertaken using an Ohle cell, a Bernaix cell and a Hoek triaxial cell. The permeating fluids were nitrogen, methane and water, except in the case of the Hoek cell in which only methane was used. The Hoek cell allowed permeability to be determined under different stress conditions. In addition, the geodurability of the rocks of the argillaceous facies also was determined. The compressive and tensile strength of the various facies varied notably and the latter frequently showed significant anisotropy. Permeability tended to increase with increasing grain size in the coarser-grained facies whereas the opposite tended to occur in the fine-grained facies when tested with gas. The application of stress brought about a decrease in permeability. In the Bernaix cell, divergent flow was greater than convergent flow. The tensile stress that developed during divergent flow testing with water caused some specimens to fail. The durability indicated that some of the argillaceous material was of very poor quality.

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24

Doostmohammadi, R., Th Mutschler, and C. Osan. "Modeling the complex and long term swelling behavior of argillaceous rocks." Mining Science and Technology (China) 21, no. 5 (September 2011): 655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mstc.2011.10.007.

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25

Espitia, J. M., B. Caicedo, and L. Vallejo. "Effect of suction and stress on Poisson's ratio of argillaceous rocks." Géotechnique Letters 7, no. 1 (March 2017): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgele.16.00138.

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26

Espitia, Jairo Martin, Bernardo Caicedo, and Luis Vallejo. "Experimental study of the hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated argillaceous rocks." E3S Web of Conferences 9 (2016): 14007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20160914007.

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27

Wang, L. L., A. Pouya, M. Bornert, and B. Halphen. "Modelling the internal stress field in argillaceous rocks under humidification/desiccation." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 38, no. 16 (April 15, 2014): 1664–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.2267.

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28

Ahmed, Mohamed Younes, Said Taibi, Hanène Souli, and Jean-Marie Fleureau. "The Effect of pH on Electro-osmotic Flow in Argillaceous Rocks." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 31, no. 4 (April 24, 2013): 1335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-013-9656-0.

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29

Horseman, S. T., and T. J. McEwen. "Thermal constraints on disposal of heat-emitting waste in argillaceous rocks." Engineering Geology 41, no. 1-4 (January 1996): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(95)00046-1.

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30

Wang, L. L., M. Bornert, E. Héripré, D. S. Yang, and S. Chanchole. "Irreversible deformation and damage in argillaceous rocks induced by wetting/drying." Journal of Applied Geophysics 107 (August 2014): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2014.05.015.

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31

Gens, Antonio, Ramon B. de Vasconcelos, and Sebastià Olivella. "Towards higher temperatures in nuclear waste repositories." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020501001.

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Recently, there is a tendency to explore the possibility of increasing the maximum design temperature in deep geological repositories for high-level nuclear waste and spent fuel. In the paper, a number of issues related to the use of higher temperatures are reviewed. Both bentonite barriers and argillaceous host rocks are addressed. An application involving the modelling of a large-scale field test conducted at a maximum temperature of 140ºC is presented. It is shown that currently available theoretical formulations and computer codes are capable to deal with temperatures above 100ºC and to reproduce satisfactorily the thermally-induced overpressures in the rock.

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32

Li, Zhenze, Thanh Son Nguyen, Grant Su, Denis Labrie, and Jean Dominique Barnichon. "Development of a viscoelastoplastic model for a bedded argillaceous rock from laboratory triaxial tests." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 3 (March 2017): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0100.

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Argillaceous rocks are candidate host and (or) cap formations for the geological disposal of nuclear wastes in many countries, including Canada, France, and Switzerland. The understanding of the long-term mechanical behaviour of such rocks is an essential requirement for the assessment of their performance as a barrier against radionuclide migration. The French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) operates an Underground Research Laboratory (URL) in Tournemire, France, in a rock formation known as the Tournemire shale. Many types of experiments are conducted at the Tournemire URL to better understand the physical and chemical behaviour of this shale and its interaction with seal materials intended to be used in the geological disposal of radioactive wastes. The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) collaborates with the IRSN and CanmetMINING laboratories to perform experimental and theoretical research on the mechanical behaviour of the Tournemire shale. Using data from creep tests, and monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests performed at CanmetMINING Laboratories, we developed constitutive relationships for the mechanical behaviour of the Tournemire shale. The model is based on the theory of plasticity, and takes into consideration the inherent anisotropy due to the existence of bedding planes, hardening behaviour before the peak strength, and viscosity.

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33

Mäder, Urs. "Advective Displacement Method for the Characterisation of Pore Water Chemistry and Transport Properties in Claystone." Geofluids 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8198762.

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The advective displacement method applies large hydraulic gradients to a confined rock core sample to yield small aliquots of the preserved in situ pore water, applicable to aquitard rocks with hydraulic conductivities as low as 10−14 m/s. Examples from argillaceous rocks indicate that only minor artefacts are induced and that analytical methods optimized for small aliquots provide a comprehensive chemical and isotopic characterisation. Multicomponent transport properties are derived from extending experimental time and using a traced artificial pore water for injection. Examples include quantification of the anion exclusion effect that can even resolve a small difference between transport properties for chloride and bromide in claystone. Controls by mineral saturation and cation exchange processes are also constrained by data from this approach. Technical details are provided for construction, material selection, components, sensors, and analytical issues.

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34

Cuss, R. J., J. F. Harrington, C. C. Graham, S. Sathar, and A. E. Milodowski. "Observations of heterogeneous pore pressure distributions in clay-rich materials." Mineralogical Magazine 76, no. 8 (December 2012): 3115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.8.26.

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AbstractThe concept of effective stress is one of the basic tenets of rock mechanics where the stress acting on a rock can be viewed as the total stress minus the pore water pressure. In many materials, including clay-rich rocks, this relationship has been seen to be imperfect and a coefficient (χ) is added to account for the mechanical properties of the clay matrix. Recent experimental results during the flow testing (both gas and water) of several rocks (Callovo-Oxfordian claystone, Opalinus Clay, Boom Clay) and geomaterials (bentonite, kaolinite) has given evidence for stable high pressure differentials. The design of the experiments allows multiple measurements of pore pressure, which commonly shows a complex distribution for several different experimental geometries. The observed stable high pressure differentials and heterogeneous pore pressure distribution makes the describing of stress states in terms of effective stress complex. Highly localized pore pressures can be sustained by argillaceous materials and concepts of evenly distributed pore pressures throughout the sample (i.e. conventional effective stress) do not fit many clay-rich rocks if the complexities observed on the micro-scale are not incorporated, especially when considering the case of gas flow.

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35

PERRI, FRANCESCO, ROCCO DOMINICI, and SALVATORE CRITELLI. "Stratigraphy, composition and provenance of argillaceous marls from the Calcare di Base Formation, Rossano Basin (northeastern Calabria)." Geological Magazine 152, no. 2 (April 15, 2014): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756814000089.

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AbstractThe Calcare di Base Formation is a part of the Rossano Basin characterizing the Foreland Basin System of northeastern Calabria. Messinian argillaceous marls from the Calcare di Base Formation have been studied to characterize the sedimentary evolution of this formation during the post-orogenic phases of the Calabria–Peloritani Arc. The mineralogical assemblage of the argillaceous marls is dominated by phyllosilicates (illite, chlorite, illite/smectite mixed layers and traces of kaolinite), carbonate minerals (calcite, aragonite and dolomite), quartz and traces of feldspars (both K-feldspars and plagioclase), gypsum and celestine. The palaeoweathering index records changes at the source, reflecting variations in the tectonic regime as shown in the A–CN–K plot, where the studied samples describe a trend typical of a source area in which active tectonism allows erosion of all zones within weathering profiles developed on source rocks. The studied samples are derived from an environment in which non-steady-state weathering conditions prevailed. This trend could record deformational events that affected the Mediterranean area during the Miocene. The Th/Sc versus Zr/Sc ratios and Al–Zr–Ti plot suggest that the samples likely record a recycling effect from their basement rocks. The geochemical proxies of these samples suggest a provenance from a mainly felsic source. The Messinian argillaceous marls record that deposition probably occurred in a semi-closed marine environment mainly subject to hypersalinity with local episodes of meteoric water influx, during a period characterized by persistent dry and warm/arid conditions alternating with relatively wet conditions.

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36

Turyshev, Viacheslav. "Mass contents of natural radioactive elements in the main types of rocks of the Mesozoic sediments of the West-Siberian Plate and their comparative assessment with the contents in the deposits of some sedimentary basins of the former USSR." E3S Web of Conferences 177 (2020): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017702004.

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The average and boundary contents of natural radioactive elements in sandy, aleuritic, argillaceous, mixed and carbonaceous types of sedimentary rocks of the main groups of productive strata of the Jurassic-Cretaceous age of Western Siberia are estimated; a comparison of the obtained values of the contents of radioelements with their contents in sedimentary deposits of some regions of the former USSR is performed.

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37

Khrunina, N. P., S. I. Korneeva, and Yu A. Vasyanovich. "Intensification of directional change state sandy-argillaceous rocks by activating the accuracy." Mining informational and analytical bulletin 8, no. 30 (2019): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2019-8-30-124-132.

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38

Hildenbrand, A., and B. M. Krooss. "CO2 migration processes in argillaceous rocks: pressure-driven volume flow and diffusion." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 78-79 (May 2003): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(03)00077-3.

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Van Loon, Luc R., Josep M. Soler, Werner Müller, and Michael H. Bradbury. "Anisotropic Diffusion in Layered Argillaceous Rocks: A Case Study with Opalinus Clay." Environmental Science & Technology 38, no. 21 (November 2004): 5721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es049937g.

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Li, Yingli, Jingong Cai, Guoqi Song, and Junfeng Ji. "DRIFT spectroscopic study of diagenetic organic–clay interactions in argillaceous source rocks." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 148 (September 2015): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2015.03.131.

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41

Xu, W. J., H. Shao, J. Hesser, and O. Kolditz. "Numerical modelling of moisture controlled laboratory swelling/shrinkage experiments on argillaceous rocks." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 400, no. 1 (2014): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp400.29.

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42

Stephenson, M. H., M. J. Leng, C. H. Vane, P. L. Osterloff, and C. Arrowsmith. "Investigating the record of Permian climate change from argillaceous sedimentary rocks, Oman." Journal of the Geological Society 162, no. 4 (July 2005): 641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-764904-096.

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Wigger, C., M. Plötze, and L. R. Van Loon. "Pore geometry as a limiting factor for anion diffusion in argillaceous rocks." Clays and Clay Minerals 66, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/ccmn.2018.064101.

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44

Paulik, F., J. Paulik, M. Arnold, J. Inczédy, J. Kristóf, and A. Langier-Kuzniarowa. "Simultaneous TG, DTG, DTA and EGA examination of argillaceous rocks. Part I." Journal of Thermal Analysis 35, no. 6 (June 1989): 1849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01911672.

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45

Garitte, Benoit, Antonio Gens, Jean Vaunat, and Gilles Armand. "Thermal Conductivity of Argillaceous Rocks: Determination Methodology Using In Situ Heating Tests." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 47, no. 1 (December 9, 2012): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-012-0335-x.

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46

Haxaire, Adrien, and Irini Djeran-Maigre. "Influence of dissolution on the mechanical behaviour of saturated deep argillaceous rocks." Engineering Geology 109, no. 3-4 (November 2009): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.08.011.

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47

Tang, Yong, Wenjun He, Yubin Bai, Xiang Zhang, Jingzhou Zhao, Sen Yang, Heyuan Wu, Yang Zou, and Weitao Wu. "Source Rock Evaluation and Hydrocarbon Generation Model of a Permian Alkaline Lakes—A Case Study of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin." Minerals 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11060644.

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The alkaline lake source rocks of the Fengcheng Formation are developed in the Mahu Sag of the Junggar Basin. Different from traditional continental fresh water and saltwater lake source rocks, alkaline lake source rocks lack targeted evaluation criteria, and it is unknown whether their hydrocarbon generation models are consistent with traditional models. Therefore, in the present study, evaluation standards and hydrocarbon generation models of alkaline lake source rocks are discussed based on geological and organic geochemical data and a systematic summary of the geochemical characteristics of the Fengcheng Formation source rocks. The Fengcheng Formation source rocks are mainly diamictite with mixed argillaceous rock and dolomite; most total organic carbon (TOC) values range from 0.2–1.4%; and the kerogen is primarily oil-prone type II, reaching low- to high-maturity stages. Based on the types of organic matter in source rocks and the relationships between organic matter abundance parameters, the evaluation standard of alkaline lake source rocks is proposed. The Fengcheng Formation is mainly composed of good to excellent source rocks (55.5%) with high hydrocarbon generation potential. The single-peak hydrocarbon generation model of the Fengcheng Formation is similar to that of traditional freshwater or saltwater lakes, with a high hydrocarbon generation rate, two to five times that of the traditional model; its main particularity is in the formation of naphthenic crude oil from the kerogen of bacteria and algae. A new understanding of the hydrocarbon generation potential and model of alkaline lake source rocks in the Fengcheng Formation can provide support for tight oil and shale oil exploration in the Mahu Sag.

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Vďačný, Marek, and Peter Bačík. "Provenance of the Permian Malužiná Formation sandstones (Malé Karpaty Mountains, Western Carpathians): evidence of garnet and tourmaline mineral chemistry." Geologica Carpathica 66, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2015-0012.

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Abstract The chemistry of detrital garnets (almandine; spessartine-, grossular-, and pyrope-rich almandine; andradite) and mostly dravitic tourmalines from three sandstone samples of the Permian Malužiná Formation in the northern part of the Malé Karpaty Mts (Western Carpathians, SW Slovakia) reveals a great variability of potential source rocks. They comprise (1) low-grade regionally metamorphosed rocks (metacherts, blue schists, metapelites and metapsammites), (2) contact-thermal metamorphic calcareous rocks (skarns or rodingites), (3) garnet-bearing mica schists and gneisses resulting from the regional metamorphism of argillaceous sediments, (4) amphibolites and metabasic sub-ophiolitic rocks, (5) granulites, (6) Li-poor granites and their associated pegmatites and aplites as well as (7) rhyolites. Consequently, the post-Variscan, rift-related sedimentary basin of the Malužiná Formation originated in the vicinity of a low- to high-grade crystalline basement with granitic rocks. Such lithological types of metamorphic and magmatic rocks are characteristic for the Variscan terranes of the Central Western Carpathians (Tatricum and Veporicum Superunits).

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Tellez, Javier, Matthew J. Pranter, Carl Sondergeld, Chandra Rai, Jing Fu, Heyleem Han, Son Dang, and Chris McLain. "Mechanical stratigraphy of Mississippian strata using machine learning and seismic-based reservoir characterization and modeling, Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma." Interpretation 9, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): SE53—SE71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2020-0167.1.

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The Sooner Trend in the Anadarko (Basin) in Canadian and Kingfisher counties play primarily produces oil and gas from Mississippian strata. The interval consists of interbedded argillaceous mudstones and calcareous siltstones. Such a contrast in rock composition is linked directly to the mechanical stratigraphy of the strata. Brittle (calcareous siltstones) and ductile beds (argillaceous mudstones) are related to the sequence-stratigraphic framework at different scales. We have used seismic and well-log data to estimate and map the geomechanical properties’ distribution and interpret the mechanical stratigraphy of rocks within the Mississippian strata. First, we defined the parasequences that form the main reservoir zones of the Meramecian-Mississippian strata. Once we established the stratigraphic framework, we estimated and compared rock brittleness index (BI) using two independent laboratory-based measurements from the core. The first method, the mineralogical-derived BI, uses mineralogical composition inverted from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, whereas the second method, the mechanical-derived BI, involves measurements of compressional and shear velocities from core plugs. We use the data from core-plug velocity measurements along with well logs and an artificial neural network approach to establish relationships among the geomechanical properties, well logs, and acoustic impedance values. We then applied these relationships to generate 3D geomechanical models constrained to seismic volumes. The resulting grid distributions illustrate the stratigraphic variability of the properties at the parasequence scale. Overall, brittle strata decrease in thickness and abundance basinward as the frequency of interbedded brittle and ductile zones increases and gradually transitions into thin calcite-cemented siltstones and clay-rich mudstones. Analysis of the production performance of selected horizontal wells drilled within the Mississippian strata indicates that the proportion of brittle and ductile rocks along the well path drilled and the drilled area vertical stacking pattern play a significant role in hydrocarbon production for these Mississippian units.

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Raven, K. G., K. S. Novakowski, R. M. Yager, and R. J. Heystee. "Supernormal fluid pressures in sedimentary rocks of southern Ontario – western New York State." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-009.

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Fluid pressures up to 1.7 times greater than hydrostatic have been measured in argillaceous Paleozoic rocks of low permeability in southern Ontario and western New York State. These supernormal formation fluid pressures were measured at depths of 50–310 m using submersible pressure transducers with straddle packers and multiple-packer casings isolating the test intervals. Measurements were obtained over periods of 7–46 months following casing installations. The pressure measurements from 11 monitoring wells are compiled and supporting hydrogeologic data for 5 selected wells are used as examples to illustrate the occurrence of supernormal fluid pressures in the Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian sedimentary sequence of southern Ontario and western New York State. Possible explanations for the occurrence of supernormal fluid pressures in sedimentary rock are evaluated considering the available geologic and hydrogeologic information obtained from the monitoring wells. Based on this review, it is hypothesized that gas migration and accumulation from deeper distant sources via permeable vertical pathways is the most plausible explanation for the observed fluid pressures, although secondary contributions from local neotectonic activity are also possible. The implications of such supernormal fluid pressures on regional groundwater flow in sedimentary rocks and related activities such as waste disposal in sedimentary rock are briefly discussed. Key words : supernormal fluid pressure, sedimentary rocks, gas migration.

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