Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Argumentation Rhétorique'
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Declercq, Gilles. "Rhétorique et argumentation : essai d'analyse argumentative du texte littéraire." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040206.
Full textFirst school of argumentation in antiquity,rhetoric is a practical reflection in the art of persuasion by speaking,a techne providing the orator,step by step,with tools for building a persuasive speech. .
Boissinot, Alain. "Argumentation et littérature dans l'enseignement du français : vers une nouvelle rhétorique." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081583.
Full textRambourg, Camille. "Les Topoi d’Aristote, Rhétorique II 23 : enquête sur les origines de la notion de lieu rhétorique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0032.
Full textThis study attempts to account for the difficulties raised by the notion of topos in Aristotle’s Rhetoric and the list of the twenty-eight topoi of enthymeme in Rhet. II 23. Its main hypothe-sis is that Aristotle tries to frame the concept of a truly rhetorical topos. In his list, he rethinks the theoretical model of dialectical invention in such a manner as to include elements adapted from his own Topics as well as elements from the tradition of the rhetorical technai –the ulti-mate end being oratorical practice.The first part tries to highlight the theoretical influences for the concept of topos and the list in Rhet. II 23: the traditional rhetorical technai on the one hand, and the model of dialectical invention on the other. In the second part, each individual topos is analysed in its literary con-text, in order to determine the rôle of oratorical practice – understood in a wide sense, includ-ing history, tragedy and comedy – for the selection and the description of the topoi in Rhet. II 23
Moon, Kyung-Hoon. "Rhétorique et argumentation chez Bernard-Marie Koltès : une dramaturgie de la confrontation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA165/document.
Full textThe methodological focus of this study is determining the course of research: the analysis of the argumentation in verbal sparring and of figures of speech, defined as sense-forms, in Bernard-Marie Koltès’ five theatrical plays. These two main approaches make it possible to highlight the theatricality and the dramaticity of words of struggle that establish scenes of agon in contemporary theatre. These reflections, which also take into account the intrascenic and extrascenic perspectives inherent in theatrical double enunciation, aim to deepen the understanding of the works of Koltès in their particular relation with the spectator. All language efforts made by characters in confrontations, as well as various argumentative and figurative strategies, prove to be in vain and always lead to a final non-communication, creating a mixture of the tragic and the comic throughout the plays. This is what is at stake in our work: to define Koltèsian dramaturgy as a confrontation and a cohabitation of agonal words
Imani, Waffa. "L'interrogation rhétorique. Argumentation et polyphonie : application aux fables de Jean de La Fontaine." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20036.
Full textIn this work, i undertake to study the french rhetorical interrogation as exemplified in jean de la fontaine's fables. This study differs from traditional ones which were devouted to the interrogation in general and the rhetorical one in particular. In fact, my approch will be argumentative and polyphonic; in other words i will be working within the framework of pragmatics and more precisely within the scope of the works of o. Ducrot, j. C. Anscombre and others among their collaborators. I have started my work with a presentation which is both theoritical and introductive, as well as a description of the interrogation, from a syntactic and semantic viewpoint. Parallel to the treatment of the rhetorical interrogation, i have dealt with the problem of argumentative connectors, namely : puisque (since), car (because), mais (but), alors (then), donc (so). . . Which play a great role in the theory of argumentation. I have concluded that certain rhetorical questions in my corpus do have some argumentative connectors that are explicite in surface structure, above all in partial questions. Others do not have them, such as total questions. In this cas, i have inserted them myself, in order to reveal the argumentative value of rhetorical interrogation. As far as polyphony is concerned, that is to say distinction between several different voices, it is presented in different forms either with the use of since, or with repetition or irony, or negation. By combining the different evaluations attached to each chapter, i have been able to reveal a typology of questions and regroup rhetorical interrogations according to their schemes
Mouhsine, Elhassan. "Traitement sémio-rhétorique de la communication persuasive : une grammaire du discours politique." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080048.
Full textThe present thesis aims at the analysis of the content and the techniques that are deployed in the persuasive process. It proposes to shed light on the substance of the content by showing how it is treated to convince or persuade. The discourse of influence elaborates most of the social organization and seems intrinsic to the majority of discourses insofar as people are more likely to insure than to demonstrate. Strongly asserting that persuasion is a phenomenon that lies solely in the sphere of rhetoric may be seen as a reductive analysis. However, the complexity and diversity of the persuasive phenomenon perfectly illustrate man's manifest use of the language. The identification of content in social exchanges can constitute the execution of an action and therefore justifies the study of the pragmatic dimension of language. Such use of language confers on persuasion a character so obscure that it shows itself as an elusive and confusing factor that lends itself little to semiotic modeling. This leads us to suppose that, under a certain complexity which arises in particular from the multiplicity of approaches to the persuasive phenomenon, separating them from each other, there is a structural adjustment model which is particularly in the field of semiotic. The elaboration of such a model for the supervision of intellectual operations, implied by all construction of argumentation, forces us to detect the constants that preside over its structural stratification in detail and to reveal the aspects that it conceals through the proposals that make it legitimate
Helou, Zeina. "Linguistique juridique. L’art de la persuasion dans les grandes plaidoiries politiques contemporaines." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040034.
Full textWhat are argumentatives techniques used by lawyers litigants to convince the judges? Such is thequestion that we try to answer in this thesis concerning a linguistic study of the legal speech in the bigpolitical trials of the Second World War. The work consists of a theoretical part where are expose thecategories of analysis of the rhetorician of the Antiquity Aristote and of the contemporary rhetoricianChaïm Perelman who explain the main strategies of persuasion. The second part of this work isdedicated to the analysis of authentic texts: after an analysis of the pleas of lawyers in the trials of theregime of Vichy, our conclusion is: The defense counsels do not plead in the same way as those of thecharge on one hand, and, on the other hand, the traditional plea has no same shape as the modern plea. How consists a traditional plea? How consists a modern plea? What are the specific techniques in the charge or in the defense? Are there common techniques? Through this study, we invite you todiscover the answer to these questions and many others else
Guerrini, Jean-Claude. "Les valeurs dans l'argumentation : structures axiologiques et dimension axiologique des disputes." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20048.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation tries to link rhetorical argumentation together with semantics and pragmatics about the specific issue of values. In the wake of Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca’s Traité de l’Argumentation. La Nouvelle Rhétorique (1958), this dissertation intends to reactivate and deepen its properly axiological propositions thanks to linguistic and semiotic advances now available.From various verbal data, Part I shows the axiological framework of speech : the valorization registers, the axiological focus, the diferential and contrastive organization of statements and texts, the tension between universal, general and particular values. Relying on the study of utterance production and modalities, Part II underlines the close relation between the ordinary use of judgement and the conflicts of values which express themselves through the use of master words or polemical pairs. The inquiry about master words as they are inserted in discourse results in a list of items, which is obviously highly debatable. A corpus dealing with the dispute about the practice of corrida in France (2004-2014) is examined through an interactional and intertextual approach (Part III), leading to the building of the interdiscourse according to which each pro and con is supposed to take a stand. The links beetween emotions and values, which were neglected by the Traité’s authors, is reconsidered. The topic inquiry, which was sketched, is started again, with an emphasis on the tension lying in the argumentative statements
Sirette, Claude. "Interaction, interlocution, argumentation et production du sens dans un aspect du discours politique, l'interview radiophonique." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H035.
Full textFerry, Victor. "La raison humaniste: une approche rhétorique des preuves en histoire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209342.
Full textpremière partie de la thèse revient sur les tentatives des approches contemporaines
de l’argumentation de répondre à cette question. Les approches normatives
(pragma-dialectique et logique informelle) évaluent la construction des preuves à
l’aune d’un idéal de rationalité, lui-même garanti par un ensemble de règles quant à
la construction et la formulation publique des arguments. Les approches descriptives
(travaux de Plantin et Doury en particulier) se fondent sur une critique de cette
méthode :en prétendant fournir des évaluations objectives des arguments, les
théoriciens normatifs s’engagent dans le processus argumentatif et, en définitive,
produisent des contre-argumentations et non des évaluations. C’est à l’aune du
problème du statut épistémologique de la preuve en histoire que j’ai choisi d’illustrer
les limites de l’approche descriptive. En particulier, l’oeuvre du critique littéraire
Hayden White se caractérise par une même relation entre (1) un scepticisme sur la
possibilité d’établir des critères de rationalité et (2) un parti-pris descriptif :les
explications historiques pourraient être décrites comme autant de figures rhétoriques,
mais on ne saurait définir un critère permettant d’en évaluer la validité. Comme l’a
bien montré Carlo Ginzburg, le scepticisme de White ouvre la porte à toutes les
dérives négationnistes.
Partant, dans une seconde partie, je propose un modèle d’analyse alternatif. Ce
modèle s’appuie sur la définition de la rhétorique comme une dunamis par Aristote :
une capacité perfectible à porter un regard technique sur les preuves. Il s’agit,
concrètement, de prendre en compte trois points de vues sur la preuve :(1) le point
de vue de l’orateur qui invente ses preuves face à un problème concret ;(2) le point
de vue de l’artisan qui façonne la matière persuasive; (3) le point de vue de
l’auditoire qui reçoit les preuves. L’exercice de ces trois points de vues permet à
l’analyste de juger les choix rhétoriques d’un orateur à l’aune de sa propre
conscience, perfectible par l’exercice, des alternatives possibles et de leur pertinence
en fonction des auditoires concernés. Le critère de rationalité n’est alors pas idéaliste
ou transcendant, il est humaniste (Chaïm Perelman, Emmanuelle Danblon) :il est de
l’ordre de l’expérience acquise.
Dans une troisième partie, j’applique mon modèle à trois ouvrages d’histoire :
(1) Les traites négrières d’Olivier Pétré-Grenouilleau ;(2) La vie fragile d’Arlette
Farge ;(3) The Ascent of Money de Niall Ferguson. Dans chaque cas, j’évalue les
choix rhétoriques des historiens (quant aux usages des preuves extra-techniques et
à la construction des trois preuves techniques) au regard des problèmes
épistémologiques qu’ils affrontent* et des auditoires potentiels auxquels ils
s’adressent. Dans chaque cas, je consacre une partie de l’analyse aux réactions
suscitées par leurs ouvrages. Ce faisant, je peux mesurer le caractère anti-rhétorique
des pratiques actuelles de la critique :le repérage d’une figure de rhétorique
(analogie ou métaphore), d’une forte personnalité ou d’un appel aux émotions
suffisent à disqualifier un argument aux yeux des critiques. En d’autres termes, notre
tradition critique est pétrie d’illusions normatives et, en premier lieu, l’illusion selon
laquelle une preuve pourrait être administrée sans technique. Je conclus en montrant
que ces illusions, entretenues par notre tradition philosophique, nous ont fait perdre
beaucoup de temps dans le développement d’une formation à l’argumentation qui
soit de nature à exercer la dunamis critique des étudiants.
*
(1) établir la vérité historique sur un sujet à fort potentiel polémique ;(2) exprimer les intuitions de la
phase de découverte ;(3) formuler et justifier une prédiction.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
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Tellier, Carolyne. "Une question d'autorité ou l'autorité en question sexuation de la rhétorique dans l'essai québécois (1977-1997)." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2823.
Full textFournier, Laurent. "Etude de l'argumentation et de la rhétorique dans les Provinciales de Pascal." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS002S.
Full textThe goal of this study is to analyse the argumentation and the rhetoric in Pascal's Provinciales. The study considers three questions. Will the battle of the Provinciales have been mostly a " battle of ethos " ? Is there a rhetoric specific to Pascal? And can the Provinciales be considered a pamphlet? The first section studies the audiences, actors and spectators, addressed by the author. The second section studies whether the Provinciales can be considered as a pamphlet in a context of rising satirical writing. The third section analyses the ways of argumentation and rhetoric in the Provinciales. Finally, the analysis of the text helps to identify its various satirical and polemical aspects, and most of all its pamphleteer aspects ; it shows how the Provinciales have been able to be a real " battle of ethos "; and it brings out the characteristics of a rhetoric specific to Pascal, a rich one, strongly inspired by religious sources, and guided by charity
Régent-Susini, Anne. ""Voix devant la Parole" : Bossuet et la rhétorique de l’autorité." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040227.
Full textAuthority appears as the conceptual and aesthetic leading principle of the abundant and diverse work of Bossuet, often portrayed as the champion of French absolutism and Tridentine Catholicism. It is thus through the prism of the rhetoric of authority, in an inclusive and multidisciplinary approach, that the argumentative strategies employed by the Bishop of Meaux are here examined : the use and perversion of the topoi, the construction of a double-sided pathos of domination and communion, the multiplication of ethe pointing to the fundamental duality of the speaker self, who oscillates between strength and weakness. Bossuet’s works are thus underlined by a double tension. On the one hand, while pursuing the dream, constantly reaffirmed, of a universal truth that is authoritative per se, and whose simple exposition would be persuasive, Bossuet in fact employs a complex "rhetoric of authority" aimed at imposing, by diverse means, his personal truth. On the other, while laying claim to an essentially traditional authority, Bossuet’s work is ultimately marked by his personal authorship
Nzamickale, Damien. "L’art oratoire chez les Bapunu du Gabon : pour une rhétorique interactionnelle." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20009.
Full textIn ritualized encounters of the Bapunu in Gabon, there is no doubt that speech is always a communicative event. This dissertation deals with two types of speech events – traditional weddings and customary trials. In these two different though related events, the author gives evidence of a very specific interactional rhetoric. He shows that punu oratory presents aspects of dialogue and aspects of monologue all at the same time. In fact, each orator comes to take the « speechfloor » in order to answer other orator’s contradictions. But these dual contributions to the interaction are intrinsically tirades where argumentation is displayed, and some rhetoric processes are designed to seek the public’s reaction. On the whole, the demonstration leads us to a comprehensive and insightful approach to Punu oratory
Nicolas, Loïc. "La rhétorique et sa critique: à la rencontre du discours et de la liberté." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209942.
Full textJe m’efforce tout d’abord de montrer que, dès l’origine, la rhétorique a représenté une compétence nouvelle, mais aussi une occasion unique de dire, d’habiter et de séculariser le monde. Ma démarche consiste donc à réfléchir l’émergence de la rhétorique dans la Grèce ancienne. À ce titre, j’analyse la fonction politique, sociale, symbolique, attribuée à la parole dans cette Cité démocratique dont elle a accompagné l’invention. Parole qui s’est vue accorder une place inégalée :comme support et comme condition de l’action citoyenne. Pourtant, force est de constater que, malgré ce succès, la rhétorique a très vite été dénoncée comme un art de tromper, de mentir, de dissimuler ses lacunes. Des générations de philosophes, d’hommes d’Église ou de scientifiques se sont attachés à démonter son fonctionnement, sa dynamique, à décrier son enseignement et, finalement, à souhaiter son évincement. C’est pourquoi, je m’intéresse aux critiques qui ont été adressées à la parole rhétorique depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’au XIXe siècle. Par là, j’entends donner une vision nouvelle de cette antique « fonction » du langage, par-delà la synthèse de ses caricatures.
En outre, mon propos s’attache à mettre en lumière les lieux communs sur lesquels se fonde notre relation au discours. Dans une optique qui va d’Aristote à Perelman, je défends l’idée selon laquelle la rhétorique ne constitue pas (comme on pourrait le penser) une méthode pour apprendre à vivre ensemble dans la paix des mots, mais, avant tout, une façon de pratiquer la critique avec et contre l’autre :l’adversaire. Et ceci afin de prendre des décisions dans le monde contingent des affaires humaines. Or, c’est justement au titre de sa fonction agonistique que la rhétorique a perdu sa place et son sens dans nos démocraties. Face à cela, l’enjeu de mon travail est de mettre en évidence, après Perelman, l’existence d’une raison tout à la fois une et plurielle. En effet, la multiplicité des voies possibles, leur antagonisme, n’est pas le signe d’une raison anarchique et inconséquente, le signe d’une raison hantée par la déraison. Il s’agit, au contraire, d’une chance offerte à la raison de se mettre à l’épreuve et de risquer la liberté. Du reste, perdre cette dimension agonistique, la dénoncer, la condamner comme irrationnelle, ainsi que le font les théories normatives de l’argumentation, revient à manifester la coupure entre le langage et les ressources critiques de la rhétoriques qui permettent de faire de nos prises de parole un moyen et une ressource de l’émancipation.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
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Zarrouk, Yousr. "Les Fables, point de rencontre des discours : Etude pragmatique et énonciative de l'ethos prédiscursif et discursif des personnages dans les Fables de Jean de La Fontaine." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF20001.
Full textThis research is both a pragmatic and enunciative study focusing on the different utterances of some characters of the Fables so as to determine their ethos. The circulation of singular voices in the texts allows to confront discursive ethos to prediscursive ethos as well as to delineate the varied manipulative strategies of self assertion
Barbier, Prisque. "L' argumentation en français dans des discours de locuteurs et scripteurs ivoiriens." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30048.
Full textSpoken and written french in Ivory Coast have given place to lexical and morphosyntactic analyses, but rarely discoursive. The aim of this research is the description of the means used by ivoirien speakers and writers to build an argumentation. This analysis examines their utilisation of the enunciative indicators and polyphonic processes, the organisation and the structure of their speech and text, and the types of arguments they use to reinforce their argumentation. Our study allowed us to point out the techniques they use and the construction of their discourse. More over, it permitted to underline the values that found this praxis
Beauvais, Caroline. "Gestion des processus rédactionnels et qualité des textes." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT5008.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to examine the relationship between text quality and online management of the writing process. More precisely, the aim of the study was to investigate how this relationship might be affected by the type of text (i. E. , narrative and argumentative texts), and by a goal emphasizing text quality. For that purpose, three experiments were conducted. .
Hussein, Ibrahim Amer Hayame. "Étude de l'argumentation dans "Alizés" et "Les Jungles pensives" de Michel Rio." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0061.
Full textThe study of the argumentation in two novels of Michel Rio aims at proposing a certain number of instruments making it possible to read the tale as a tool of persuasion. This work intends to show how the tale influences the reader and seeks sometimes to make him adhere to a specific thesis, sometimes to direct his way of perceiving ambient reality. For this purpose, this work is divided into four chapters. In the first, we show the pragmatic character of the tale of Dreaming Jungles and Alizés, which, as philosophical and encyclopaedic novels, try to make the reader think and to transmit to him a knowledge about the world. The analysis of the process of persuasion of the two novels is based on three axes corresponding to the three main forms of rhetoric: ethos, logos and pathos. The study of the narrative ethos within the framework of the situation of enunciation in the tale enabled us to find out the means by which the author reinforces the ethos of fictional characters and of the narrator. The third chapter: "the narrative logos” examines the means by which the pragmatic tales call upon the reason of the reader by combining the preliminary points of agreement (facts, the doxa, values, topics, … etc.) and the logical reasoning. In chapter 4:“the narrative pathos”, we endeavour to point out the tools that the author uses to generate the emotions at the readers and to make them favourable to his thesis. Finally, in our study, we show how rhetoric can combine with the techniques of narratology, semiotics, pragmatic and speech analytics to allow to the author to influence the reader
Paparouni, Evgenia. "La rhétorique des institutions européennes: le débat sur les perspectives financières 2007-2013." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209385.
Full textAlthough the EU is a privileged point of focus for political science studies, its discursive activity has not received all the attention it deserves. This corpus analysis adopts a descriptive approach, based on the Neo-Aristotelian trend in argumentation theory, by using both analytical categories of classical rhetoric and (emic or etic) categories that belong to the conceptualization of the debate entertained by its own participants. The corpus consists of public interventions by representatives of the three main EU Institutions (Commission, European Council and Parliament). The speeches were pronounced between June and December 2005. Since it is discussed every seven years, the topic of the Financial Perspectives offers the possibility of making diachronic comparisons; it also allows identifying values, projects and means of the European construction at a rhetorical level. The last six months of 2005 followed two significant events: the conflicting attitudes of European Governments regarding the Iraq war and the rejection of the Constitutional Treaty by referendums.
In the absence of any other metaphysical or natural foundation, the technocratic enterprise provides the European project with a rational and secular justification that is not always assumed as such, though, by the presidents of the Commission. The conceptual metaphors stemming from the preambles to the treaties convey the idea that European integration will be achieved by triggering a gradual process that should lead to the realization of an ultimate aim.
From a rhetorical point of view, the Financial Perspectives are in need of legitimacy. In 2005, the rhetorical invocation of dates/milestones, abundantly used by former presidents of the Commission, does not seem to work anymore. Both the requirement of unanimity in the legislative procedure and the habitus of European deliberation make it necessary to find an agreement; this consequently promotes “consensus” as a meta-communicational argument. The notion of a “consensus” runs against such theoretical (epistemological) and pragmatic objections that it proves imperious to wonder about its origin and roots. One should take into account not only scholarly conceptions of “consensus” (Habermas, the Deliberative Democracy movement), but also naïve and popular visions of it.
The EU Institutions are aware of the difficulty they meet in awakening citizens’ interest, and they have developed their Communication Policy in order to give themselves the means to overcome this obstacle. A systematic reflection on their strategy should take into account the divergent opinions of Moravscik and Hix, as well as the possibility of grounding the EU project anew on a revival of ancient homonoïa.
DISCLAIMER. The content of this thesis represents solely the views of its author and cannot in any circumstances be regarded as the official position of the European Commission.
Résumé
Quoique l’Union Européenne (UE) soit un objet de prédilection pour les politologues, son activité discursive n’a pas reçu toute l’attention méritée.
La thèse offre une analyse de corpus effectuée sur base d’une grille de lecture incluant des catégories rhétoriques étiques et émiques. Elle adopte une approche descriptive puisée dans le versant néo-aristotélicien de l’étude de l’argumentation. Le corpus a été constitué d’interventions publiques tenues par les représentants des trois principales Institutions Européennes (Commission, Conseil Européen, Parlement Européen) entre juin et décembre 2005. Le sujet des Perspectives Financières, débattu à intervalles réguliers, permet des comparaisons diachroniques ;il permet aussi de contraster les valeurs, les projets et les moyens de la construction européenne. La conjoncture des six derniers mois de 2005 présente la particularité supplémentaire que le projet de Traité Constitutionnel venait d’être rejeté et que les gouvernements européens s’étaient auparavant divisés sur l’intervention en Irak.
En l’absence d’un fondement métaphysique ou naturel, l’entreprise technocratique fournit au projet politique européen une justification rationnelle et laïcisée, même si elle n’est pas assumée explicitement en tant que telle par tous les présidents de la Commission. Les métaphores conceptuelles mobilisées dans les préambules des traités traduisent le fait que l’unification européenne devrait s’accomplir à la fois par l’entremise de réalisations progressives et à travers la poursuite d’un objectif lointain.
Sur le plan rhétorique, les Perspectives Financières sont en manque d’une légitimité emblématique. La clause des rendez-vous, des étapes cruciales, abondamment utilisée dans le passé par les présidents de la Commission, cesse de fonctionner en 2005. La nécessité d’un accord, issue tant de la lettre de la procédure législative par unanimité que de la coutume des délibérations, est devenue matière à un argument méta-communicationnel qui en est arrivé à englober toute circonstance susceptible de faciliter le « consensus ». Cette dernière notion soulève des réticences théoriques (épistémologiques) et pragmatiques qui imposent de s’interroger sur son origine. La problématisation que nous avons opérée tient compte non seulement des conceptions savantes du « consensus » (Habermas, courant de la Démocratie Délibérative), mais aussi de ses variantes populaires ou vulgarisées.
Les Institutions Européennes sont conscientes de la difficulté qu’il y a à motiver l’intérêt citoyen, et elles ont voulu, à travers leur Politique de Communication, se donner les moyens de dépasser cet obstacle. La thèse mène, à ce propos, une réflexion plus générale qui tient compte des avis opposés de Moravcsik et Hix, et d’une éventuelle refondation dans l’homonoïa de la rhétorique classique.
DISCLAIMER. Le contenu de cette thèse représente le point de vue de son seul auteur et ne peut en aucune circonstance être considéré comme la position officielle de la Commission Européenne.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
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Danblon, Emmanuelle. "La justification argumentative: vers une théorie de la rationalité." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211730.
Full textIonica, Aurel. "Reasoning, argumentation, and persuasion with special application to Hebrew wisdom literature and Hebrew wisdom scholarship." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20142.
Full textThe work outlines first the process by which Aristotle laid the foundations for logic which has become the standard for correct reasoning, as well as the shortcuts which he took and has made logic virtually useless for the study of arguments as they occur in informal arguments. Then the work establishes new concepts on which actual reasoning and argumentation are based and introduces what is labeled as reasoning square, a structure on which any form of discourse can be analyzed. In order to prove the validity of the new theory, it is applied to various forms of discourse or literary devices, then to the book of Ecclesiastes, one of the most confusing books in the Bible for which no satisfactory explanation and interpretation has been offered before. And finally, the new theory is applied to analyzing scholarly works from the point of view of how consistent they are in what they say as well as their relation to the text whose meaning they claim to accurately expose
Abu, Zaideh Raid. "L’écriture académique des étudiants jordaniens : Difficultés et propositions de remédiation." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030023.
Full textThe aim of this essay is to define the difficulties met by Jordanian student researchers during their academic research in France. This thesis deals with the main themes relative to academic writing. Its objective is to differentiate in two parts the problems encountered by Jordanian students in academic writing: firstly, problems relative to learning the target language in the Jordanian education system. Secondly, those relative to learning the language in France and linked to the quality of learning and teaching, and to the contact established by the student when he arrives in a French institution. We will have beforehand explored the Jordanian education system, its links to the social system, and explained how the quality of teaching foreign languages in Jordan can be an obstacle when there is a direct contact with the language, the society and native communities [different communities] and native in the concrete meaning of the term. This thesis attempts to show the problems and the difficulties encountered by Jordanian student researchers, starting with a definition of academic writing and an analysis of its notions and factors. This analysis will help us to target the shortcomings of the academic writing of these student researchers
Goltzberg, Stefan. "Théorie bidimensionnelle de l'argumentation: définition, présomption et argument à fortiori." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209921.
Full textLe chapitre 1 porte sur le réductionnisme topique :la théorie selon laquelle tous les arguments sont défaisables, c’est-à-dire réfutables.
Le chapitre 2 retrace l’histoire du réductionnisme logique :la théorie selon laquelle tous les arguments valides sont indéfaisables. L’argument étudié est la définition.
Le chapitre 3 présente la théorie bidimensionnelle, qui explique à la fois les arguments défaisables et indéfaisables.
Les chapitre 3 et 4 sont une application de la théorie bidimensionnelle de l’argumentation.
Le chapitre 4 étudie l’argument appelé présomption.
Le chapitre 5 offre un traitement nouveau de l’argument a fortiori.
Doctorat en Philosophie
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Fortin, Gwenole. "L'Argumentation dans les débats politiques télévisés. Négociations identitaires et co-construction d'un monde commun. D'une logique informationnelle à une sociolinguistique de l'action." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003942.
Full textEn s'appuyant sur un corpus constitué des quatre débats présidentiels (1974 à 1995) ainsi que de débats issus de l'émission 100 Minutes pour convaincre, ce travail vise à mettre à jour les enjeux et les conséquences de cette lecture du débat politique télévisé. Par une recherche fondée sur une méthodologie résolument socio-pragmatique et transdisciplinaire (depuis les travaux en ethnographie de la communication jusqu'aux science studies), il s'agit donc ici – sans nier la dynamique conflictuelle – d'adopter une autre perspective : considérer que l'affrontement n'est qu'un fait de surface et qu'il s'agit davantage d'un processus de co-construction du sens et de co-construction d'une réalité. Les débattants n'interagissent pas seulement l'un sur l'autre mais aussi l'un pour l'autre. Ils ont besoin l'un de l'autre pour s'affronter et faire exister la polémique, synonyme de pratique démocratique. Il y a donc une forme de coopération dans le discours conflictuel lui-même. Et cette dimension contractuelle des interactions n'est pas sans rapport non plus avec le caractère médiatique, télévisuel, des débats.
L'homme politique, ainsi assimilé à un comédien, doit donc consentir à s'aligner sur l'image que sa propagande répand. L'essentiel, pour les débattants, consiste ainsi à endosser des rôles conversationnels et à dire qui ils sont. La dynamique interlocutoire s'articule en fait autour de négociations identitaires qui fonctionnent comme des situations argumentatives.
Les théories modernes de l'argumentation – d'inspiration largement néo-platonicienne – s'ancrent dans une sorte d'anthropologie du convaincre : argumenter serait chercher à convaincre les interlocuteurs, directs ou indirects.
C'est pourquoi – constatant que les hommes politiques visent davantage à séduire, à se conformer à l'image de ce qu'il sont censés être plutôt qu'à convaincre – les critiques « traditionnelles », savantes et communes, formulées à l'encontre de ces derniers sont aisément comparables à celles essuyées hier par les sophistes ; à tel point que la parole politique est assimilée à une sorte de nouvelle sophistique : celle-ci serait inauthentique, trompeuse, mensongère, etc. On assisterait au triomphe de la doxa sur le logos, de la séduction sur l'argumentation rationnelle. Cela témoigne du fait que l'ancien débat qui oppose Platon aux sophistes est toujours d'actualité et combien il a consacré notre rapport, en occident, du langage au politique.
Afin de re-questionner la dichotomie platonicienne (logos/doxa) – qui émerge historiquement comme un trait visant à déconsidérer le discours des sophistes – on revisite l'allégorie de la Caverne de Platon qui construit, dans un même mouvement, une certaine idée de la Science (rationnelle, neutre, objective) et un monde social et politique en proie au chaos.
Il s'agit de dé-construire l'ancienne opposition du logos et de la doxa et mettre en lumière qu'il n'y a pas qu'un seul monde (déjà là), mais des mondes à « négocier » par l'interaction langagière. Et que c'est donc la parole politique, qui construit le « réel », le monde dans lequel on dit vouloir vivre. L'effet de vérité ne résulte donc plus de l'adéquation entre le réel et le représenté (théorie du signe et logique informationnelle) mais de la co-incidence entre deux discours, deux identités socio-langagières, qui donnent forme au monde, le crée (même rétrospectivement). Les mots, les discours, les débats n'ont donc de signification, que dans un enlacement mutuel aux contextes et au monde. Rompant avec la linguistique structurale interne, et dans la perspective d'une sociolinguistique de l'action, on envisage ainsi le langage comme acte politique : l'instrument de l'invention/négociation du monde. Il sert, non plus seulement à communiquer ou à transmettre de l'information, mais à concrétiser un monde en devenir – et non un monde déjà là.
Fofana, Dalla Malé. "La subjectivité journalistique en entrevue médiatique: une approche rhétorique et interactionnelle de l'émission Péncum Sénégal." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7712.
Full textAbstract: In the aftermath of the 2000 presidential election, Senegal leaves behind 40 years of socialist rule and peacefully goes through one of the most feared elections of its political history. Abdoulaye Wade is elected with a considerable contribution from independent medias. But once in power, the "ideal" man is far from being what the independent medias had anticipated. This situation creates tension between the former allies. One year prior to the end of Abdoulaye Wade’s first term, an independant webradio (Keurgoumak) created by a Senegalese immigrant decides to have a look at Abdoulaye Wade presidency. The designer of the radio declares its intention to take a neutral and objective stance through interviews (Pencum Senegal) with politicians in power and from the opposition. But can any journalistic institution escape subjectivity or bias? Moreover Péncum Senegal has a constitution similar to that of "citizen journalism" and is born in heavily polarized socio-political conditions. The journalist discusses highly controversial issues and targets an audience (the Senegalese diaspora) that holds an undeniable strategic dimension in the country. Our goal is to determine the true position of the journalist (neutrality or favoritism). Our corpus is a transcript of the radio broadcasts that took place from February 2006 to August 2006. We base our analysis on the media discourse theory as described by Charaudeau (2000-2009). We do so within the frame of the integrative perspective by Amossy (2000, 2010). Based on argumentation, it combines rhetoric, interaction and discourse analysis. Our analysis is comparative and contrastive. We observe the interviews’ formal interactional features. We are also interested in the interpersonal relationships that the journalist builds with the guests, as well as the lexical and denunciative clues of his views on the government.
Khalifa, Ayoub. "Analyse du discours onusien : le dialogue autour du nucléaire iranien (2005-2015)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0017.
Full textOur research, rooted in the Language Sciences, is part of an interdisciplinary approach based essentially on Critical Discourse Analysis. The study articulates Naturel Language Processing, Lexicometry, Argumentative Semantics and Aristotelian Rhetoric. It is a question of studying the United Nations discourse on the Iranian nuclear crisis during the ten years between 2005 and 2015. The study is conducted on a closed and predefined corpus, in order to discern the various linguistic and discursive processes that command the discourse. It is also a question of apprehending the stakes as well as the legal and political origins of this diplomatic crisis. Our major challenge is to understand the discourse in its multiple dimensions, linguistic, discursive, political and legal. By what discourse processes does the UN build, represent its identity and aims at « maintaining international peace and security »? What role does the Organization's value system play in argumentation, in the construction of its identity, as well as in the legitimacy of the policies adopted? How the discourse operates, through its normativity in favor of the argumentation, with a view to further reinforcement of the measures adopted by the various organisms of the United Nations? These are the questions we respond in this thesis. The apprehension of linguistic and discursive impacts is realized in the light of the political and legal data that constitute an interpretive framework for the analysis. The objective is to identify the construction of the United Nations identity through notions of values, by discursive mechanisms
Salliot, Natacha. "La rhétorique dans la théologie : les controverses religieuses en France sous le règne d'Henri IV : autour du livre de la Saincte Eucharistie de Philippe Duplessis-Mornay." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040275.
Full textUnder Henri IV, religious controversy between Protestants and Catholics reached a climax in both oral and written compositions, ranging from voluminous theological treatises to more circumstantial publications such as narratives of conversions or conference accounts. Definig a space of struggle, discourses continuously resorted to new strategies to dominate the enemy. Any ploy belonging to the art of discourse thus became a weapon; in addition to dialectics, polemicists did not hesitate to use extrinsic evidence or historical arguments, to resort to ethos and pathos, according to varying audiences and implicit political stakes. Always in pursuit of efficiency, they aspired to making the truth manifest by combining rapid responses, rejoinders and refutations endowed with a literary dimension. As attacks increased, the arsenal of weapons employed was refined, and rhetoric, the art of persuasion, was introduced into theology. The publication of Duplessis-Mornay’s treatise of 1598, attacking Mass and the entire doctrine and practic of the Roman Catholic Church, sparked a vast Catholic onslaught; centred on a discussion of the validity of the references summoned, this offensive carried on until the 1620’s. Boulenger, Fronton du Duc, Jean de Bordes, Richeome and most probably Arnauld de Pontac (under the name of Du Puy), undertook to attack the book and discredit its author. Finally, future cardinal Du Perron entered the fray, appropriating the notoriety of the affair at the famous conference of Fontainebleau on 4 May 1600
Dissy-Dissy, Yves Romuald. "Littérature et médiation dans "L'enfant de sable" et "La nuit sacrée" de Tahar Ben Jelloun, "La virgen de los sicarios" de Fernando Vallejo et "Le cavalier et son ombre" de Boubacar Boris Diop." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838085.
Full textTaleb, Fadila. "L'argumentation judiciaire à travers le prisme des scénarios modaux : application pour une aide à l'interprétation des décisions de justice." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR096.
Full textThe research work presented in this thesis is a part of the general framework of work on digital humanities that seeks, among other things, to contribute to the improvement of human-machine interactions.The objective of the study is twofold. Firstly, it is about studying a corpus of court decisions contained in the database of the International Transport Law Institute (IDIT) in order to determine the linguistic constraints of the judicial kind. Secondly, it is a matter of proposing interpretative paths that can help users to access to the legal information they are looking for. The issue of the interpretation assistance is seen through the study of the modalities and modal scenarios. The bias of this research is to consider multidisciplinarity as a theoretical and methodological asset that contributes to a better understanding of the issue of the interpretation assistance. As a result, several approaches (semantics of modalities, textual semantics, rhetorical argumentation, textometry) are called and articulated to work together towards the objectives set. The analysis of the corpus was conducted at two levels and in two approaches. In the first part, the empirical analysis proposed is quantitative and contrasting. It is conducted at the micro and mesotexual level as it focuses on the study of the lexicon. Based on the TXM tool, this first investigation allowed a comprehensive linguistic characterization of the corpus and an initial overview of its modal profile. It also highlighted modal expressions, concessional constructions, patterns, etc. which focus on key moments in the argumentative process and can therefore be used in the context of the interpretation assistance. In the second part, the empirical study focuses on modal analyses realized on complete texts. It is therefore treated in a qualitative and macrotextual approach. This analysis leads to the formulation of a carefully described scenario model. It can be divided into several levels, depending on how it has been constructed (foreground modalities, background modalities) and whether it characterizes a full text or a specific area of this text. Furthermore, the proposed schematic presentation for the scenarios highlighted the role that each modal zone would play in providing the interpretation assistance
Bourgeois, Léna. "Défendre l'indéfendable ? Les Eloges d'Hélène de Gorgias et d'Isocrate." Thesis, Lille, 2020. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/EDSHS/2020/2020LILUH016.pdf.
Full textArchaic and classical poets are confronted with the question of Helen's responsibility in the Trojan War: to claim that she was present in Troy during the war presupposes that she was the cause of this conflict, which makes her responsible for the death of the heroes and the destruction of the city. Gorgias and Isocrates take up this question: they affirm that Hélène went to Troy and each proposes to praise her and show that she is unquestionably a positive figure. Both thus produce a paradoxical discourse about her. However, while Gorgias proposes an openly paradoxical praise, saying that it goes against the poets' words and Helen's bad reputation, Isocrates, on the contrary, announces that he praises a non-paradoxical subject, because Helen's value would be recognised by all. This thesis proposes to analyse the argumentation deployed by these authors (more precisely, the patterns employed and the progression of reasoning). Each discourse is studied separately: Gorgias' argumentation is analysed in a first part, while a commentary on Isocrates' praise occupies a second part of this study. Their approaches are compared in conclusion. This study brings to light three elements: the internal coherence of the argumentation of each praise, the positioning respectively adopted by Gorgias and Isocrates in relation to the poetic tradition and contemporary thinkers, and finally the stakes that this praise represents for them. Through the eulogy, Gorgias and Isocrates convey their reflections on philosophical, pedagogical or political subjects which concern their contemporaries, and both reflect on the questions of the function of discourse and the possibilities it offers to access a form of truth and to persuade
Vidak, Marko. "Les stratégies de manipulation par le discours dans le discours politique : l’exemple de la campagne présidentielle de 2007 en France." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040113.
Full textThe interest in manipulation is growing in all areas of human communication. It is fully realised mainly through the language, whether combined or not with other means of communication. However, in linguistics, studies conducted on this subject are virtually non-existent.Manipulation by the discourse is an effective solution for realising the communication that seems compromised when the tension is extreme between the goals of the speaker on the one hand, and the means available including constraints of the context, on the other hand. The strategy of manipulation by the discourse is similar to rhetoric, while diverting it, because manipulation must keep secret its objectives and its means of realisation. Although it may use argumentation, most often, it avoids it.Political discourse is one of the best examples of this extreme tension which is necessary to the manipulation. The 2007 presidential campaign in France is the most recent and perhaps most suitable model for the study of the manipulation by the discourse.This research aims to report on linguistic means of achieving manipulation strategies in a global approach of discourse analysis. It proceeds by a detailed examination of its various formal supports: semantic variations, syntactic and discourse organization, interactions between the constituents, the role of the repetition, the implication etc. Given the importance of the context in its realization, the pragmatic approach, with the theory of the speech acts, turned out to be the most appropriate choice. Through many examples based on a corpus of 195 political speeches, it helps explain how the macro-speech act of manipulation functions, and it helps develop a global theory of manipulation by the discourse
Konate, Souleymane. "Analyse des situations sémiotiques dans les documents à but informatif au sein de l’entreprise : autour de certains documents de communication chez E.D.F." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20017/document.
Full textEntitled “Analysis of semiotic situations in informational documents within the company: focus on some EDF (Electricité de France) communication documents”, this doctorate research thesis is a study which particularly concerns the field of Practical Semiotics. A communicative production can be regarded as a Practice (in this case, a language act, a discourse whose aim is to provoke an action or a reaction in the addressees). It is actually provided with a heterogeneous configuration that includes a set of elements necessary for the production and interpretation of its meaning. The aim of our study is to analyze this configuration also called Semiotic Situation, and to highlight the most relevant aspects that can be observed in two levels or scenes: predicative and strategies scenes. We specifically focused on the following strategies: selection, adaptation, adjustment, coordination and programmed organization of Practice elements. The analysis focused particularly on some communication documents of EDF Group. This is an external institutional communication. Situated between semiotics of images and institutional semiotics, this thesis can also be considered as a semiotic study of a means of communication. The theme was on dismantling nuclear power plants, management and processing of radioactive waste, environmental commitments, new products, activities and services of EDF. This whole topic is related to the production and marketing of electricity (energy) and the issues they raise. The corpus under study made up of non confidential documents at the reach of the general public is divided into two parts: we have firstly some paper documents, and secondly, we have electronic documents (EDF website graphical interfaces which contain two video sequences). In line with our research, we carried out analysis and meditations with the aim of knowing what significant structures mobilize the act of communication that make up the corpus under study. This corpus as a Practice contains strategic organisation and adjustments found on several levels amongst which are material and sensitive properties, enunciative and the rhetorical-argumentative styles. Our research focused on three main parts. The first is a presentation of the target company and the specification of the communication context of the corpus. After presenting the company EDF and discussing the concept of energy, the different sources of electricity generated by EDF, we looked at the economic, competitive, social and safety issues that the company must consider. The second part gave an analytical semiotic description of the corpus. This was also the part where we discussed the components of external communication which belongs corpus.The third part is divided into three chapters that analyze the semiotic and rhetorical-argumentative concepts used. An analysis of Semiotic Situation requires a singular examination of syncretic, enunciative and rhetorical aspects. This thesis reveals crucial elements in the production and interpretation of meaning in of a communication act. It contributes to the understanding and improvement of communicative efficiency. It is a model of applied semiotics
El, Hage Samar. "Pour une esthétique de l'argumentation dysfonctionnelle dans le théâtre de Bernard-Marie Koltès. Approches rhétorique et pragmatique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030164.
Full textThe rhetorical analysis as well as the linguistic pragmatics of the interactive mode of conversation in the six main pieces of Bernard-Marie Koltes show the functionality of the dialogues defined by the playwright as a dynamic argumentation. Far from being ethical argumentations, these dialogues seem to be filled with fallacies and they embody sophistic exchange of appearances and oratory manipulations. The playwright thwarts discursive norms and puts in place peculiar argumentations that provoke linguistical effects and create koltesian’s stylus. Theses argumentations constitute an aesthetical medium of the author’s world and human concept. The fallacies interpretation allows to grasp Koltes’ work as an artistic product revealing his relation to the world and to the theater. The koltesian diction is a rebellious speech denouncing the illusion as well as the artificiality which governs the complicated apparatus of human relationships and the way of understanding the drama work
Zagarella, Roberta. "Il fattore personale dell'argomentazione: una prospettiva retorico-antropologica." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209332.
Full textEn général, la thèse analyse le rôle de celui qui parle et de celui qui écoute dans l’argumentation et dans tous les discours. Je vais soutenir est que la dimension personnelle n’est pas un élément qu’il faut supprimer mais, au contraire, un élément essentiel du discours argumentatif.
Une approche rhétorique au problème du sujet se base sur une intuition fondamentale de la rhétorique d’Aristote .Comme nous le savons, dans le premier livre de la Rhétorique, Aristote affirme que le discours (logos) est composé (synkeimai) de trois éléments :l’orateur, le sujet traité et l’auditoire .Au même temps la rhétorique est composée des trois éléments :Logos, Pathos et Ethos. La pratique linguistique inclut la dimension émotive, l’orateur et l’auditoire, qui sont des éléments discursifs. De même, l’ethos et le pathos ne sont pas des moyens de preuves irrationnelles ou des fallacies. On verra que cette idée implique un système philosophique et épistémologique assez différent du système normativiste des théories contemporaines :cela implique de revenir sur le concept de rationalité et sur le rapport entre la rationalité, la praxis et son incertitude essentielle.
Pour question de temps, la thèse ne parle pas de pathos. Elle s’occupe de l’ethos soit du point de vue de celui qui parle (Partie I) soit du point de vue de l’auditoire (Partie II).
Dans la première partie, on analyse la question de la rationalité rhétorique et des paralogismes et les définitions historiques de la dimension personnelle de l’argumentation (ethos, personne, ad hominem).
Dans la deuxième, on analyse le rapport entre la dimension personnelle, le sens commun, la vérité, la certitude et la fides.
En conclusion, on soutiendra que l’ethos est soit une pistis technique de la rhétorique, soit une des conditions préalables du discours même.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
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Perrouty-Perret, Stéphanie. "La rhétorique des fragrances." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/perret_s.
Full textIn the heart of this study are the linguistic strategies the brands implement to endow the fragrances emanating from their products with fitting meanings which favour the seduction of consumers. We grasp these linguistic strategies which aim to persuade purchasers while appealing to their feelings and to their affects, and not to their reason alone, as a rhetoric: the rhetoric of fragrances. We will thus endeavour to reveal the art the companies use so as to put in speech fragrances. We consider the use of fragrances in which we are interested to be that of a stylistic device we name ododemetaphor. "Odode" means indeed odor in ancient Greek. Etymologically, an ododemetaphor corresponds thus to a transfer, of meanings here, through an odor. We define it as the flower of rhetoric which consists in adding a fragrance to a product and putting this fragrance in speech, this with a rhetorical intention. We will show that the ododemetaphor blossoms within an argumentative, and not literary, rhetoric which is stamped with a virtuosity emanating from the Aristotelian tradition. Our investigations will disclose what we conceive as the rhetoric of fragrances while revealing that it rests on control of three arts: the art of attracting, the art of captivating and the art of attaching. Moreover, they will draw the essential features of the rhetoric of fragrances, namely eight principles of ododemetaphor embedding and three typological criteria of the persuasive effect which is given birth to by the ododerhetorical strategies
Dissy, Dissy Yves Romuald. "Littérature et médiation dans "L’enfant de sable" et "La nuit sacrée" de Tahar Ben Jelloun, "La virgen de los sicarios" de Fernando Vallejo et "Le cavalier et son ombre" de Boubacar Boris Diop." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0009/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes a theorical discourse on the fictional mediation, more particularly in the novels of our corpus. From a rhetorical perspective, the research consists in studying the process of implementation of the signification in the literary works. The communication appears to it not as a stable and simple datum which we could reduce to formal appearances or still to sociohistorical contents, but as a set of coherent requirements wich specify the terms, otherwise the modalities of the argumentative cooperation between the writer and the reader. The thiking is composed of three parts.The first part consists in indentifiying the question of wich the fiction statement is the answer. It allows to raise, in thematic form, the main axes of the narrative line of argument, consequently the issues of the communication in each novel.The second part deals with the analysis of the formal choices of the statement and it shows on which modes and what ideological end the contribution of the reader is requested. In fact, it’s the discursive strategy wich defines the method of communication and characterizes the functioning of mediation in a literary work.The central idea of the third part is to show the epistemological skill that a writer gives to the literary work and the reader’s ability to identify it. The theories wich become epistemological pools appear as reductionisms and as real obstacles to the pleasure to read or to make pertinently resound the significance of a work art
Sathirasut, Atiporn. "Olympe de Gouges ou la rhétorique pamphlétaire : l'analyse argumentative dans les écrits politiques d'Olympe de Gouges." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082255.
Full textHwang, Hajin. "Etude sémantique des interrogations rhétoriques en français et en coréen : statut argumentatif et polyphonique." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0006.
Full textThe present study aims at giving an account of some features of the rhetorical questions considered as a phenomenon both uncommon and heterogeneous in comparison with an interrogation or an assertion. For this purpose, we have introduced in our study both the theory of argumentation developed by j. -c. Anscombre and 0. Ducrot and the theory of polyphony as established by 0. Ducrot. The first part is devoted to rhetorical questions in french which constitue the main ob jet of this research. Through the comparison between a rhetorical questions and the corresponding assertion, we have shown that the first can't be identified to the latter despite the semantic closeness of both utterances. Furthermore, in order to clearly represent the obviousness of the answer, which stands as the essential attribute of the rhetorical question, we have studied the indications allowing for the rhetorical interpretation of an interrogation. In chapter iv et v of the first part, we set forward the instructions of rhetorical questions, both with or without polarity inversion. These instructions are quite useful insofar as they give an account of the process by which the rhetorical interpretation is produced as well as of various discursive roles of rhetorical questions. The study of rhetorical questions treated in the second part is aimed at a quite different objective than the study of rhetorical questions in french. As a matter of fact, in this second part of our research, we have presented some features of rhetorical questions in korean language and shown that the results yielded in french can exmplain the functioning of rhetorical questions in other language
Martin, Véronique. "De l'audace ! : la rhétorique argumentative dans le théâtre "engagé" en France à la fin du XIXe siècle." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20081.
Full textThe study of commitment amounts to study the reception such as the writer would have dreamed. The argument commences with the elaboration of the "spectataire" a representation of the receiving audience, forged by the writer. The commitment presents a deep historicity - productions from 1900 lay out an "history of rage". The argumentation ad personam allows the appreciation of the effectiveness of the action of the personages. The writer elaborates a strategy, supported by discursive and scenic devices, which demands of the "spectataire" an intense act of reception, from epidictic sentence to comprehension of the weaknesses of his own system of beliefs. Naturalist aesthetics modifies the mental representations of the "spectataire" - reception is a cognitive activity. A work can certainly be committed when it presents the consciousness of the writer of the processes of writing and of reception. But commitment finds its limits in argumentative shamanism, which proclaims the powerlessness of the writer. In the thirties, there arises an alternative. Celebration fulfils the fusion of the group desired by the writer. The cognitive process constitutes alone the fable of the brechtian lehrstück
Schahmaneche, Aurélia. "La motivation des décisions de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10038.
Full textThe motivation of the European Court of Human Rights' judgments is based both on the exposition of reasons containing elements of fact and law and on the “psychological motives” that allow the European judge to build up his convictions. The motivation included in the judgment tries both to justify and explain the Court's choice. So, it can't be considered only as a purely logical deduction. It is also an important act of rhetoric. The European Court wishes her audience to accept its case law in a spontaneous and voluntary way. The Court chooses therefore to appeal to good sense rather than constraint to assert its case law authority and so fulfill its long term mission which consists in building a European common law on Human Rights . The motivation contributes to build the legitimacy of the European Court's decisions. It also allows the public and the Contracting States to trust the European justice and to acknowledge the legitimacy of its decisions. It means that the motivation is also a teaching method helping to receive its case law and to accept the European supervision. To achieve this aim, the Court chose different strategies that sometimes show the mistakes, the manipulations or the excesses of the European Court's function. Nevertheless, the general opinion on the Court's motivation is positive and helps to adapt its contents to the realities of the democratic European society. The European Court's efforts to build a quality style of judgments must be also underlined
Widlöcher, Antoine. "Analyse macro-sémantique des structures rhétoriques du discours : cadre théorique et modèle opératoire." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2042.
Full textIn the general field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), this work concerns the analysis of the rhetorical structure of discourse, which consists in the argumentative organization of texts through various stereotypes. Our main goal was to define a theoretical and computational framework allowing formal modeling and automatic exploration of various discursive structures involved in this textual organization. We notably propose to describe those structures using the three elementary categories of units, relations and schemas, and outline recurrent properties of discursive patterns and clues which signal their presence: variable granularity, fuzziness, possible non-linearity and non-sequentiality, local/global interactions. . . In order to give a formal description of the studied linguistic phenomena and to make their computational analysis possible, in a corpus-based approach, we propose the CDML formalism (Contraint-based Discourse Modeling Language). It allows to design formal models of discursive patterns by means of constraints expressed on textual objects whose nature (morphologic, syntactic, semantic. . . ) and whose granularity level may vary. A CDML parser has been implemented and may be used to apply such a formal description to a corpus and automatically detect textual structures satisfying the given constraints. In addition, we present two case studies dedicated to significantly different discursive patterns and illustrating our analysis principles, formal model and computational approach. The first one concerns Charolles' discourse framing theory. The second considers contrastive relations between various kind of textual objects, at different granularity levels
Mignacca, Oriana. "Fugienda petimus : la Phaedra di Seneca come sistema complesso di antitesi." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30063/document.
Full textSeneca's Phaedra as a complex system of antithesis
La Phaedra di Seneca all'incrocio di tradizioni antitetiche : antitesi spaziali, "naturam sequere" e vita contro natura, conflitto parentale, parola e silenzio
Vulcan, Ruxandra Irina. "Savoir et rhétorique dans les dialogues littéraires français entre 1515 et 1550." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100219.
Full textThis study concerns the rise of the dialogue, before its golden age, from the point of view of the 16th century "askes sonocinades" and civility, with reference to enunciation and cognition. The corpus is chosen on the basis of dialogue appearing in the title or the subtitle (medical, political, moored and religious dialogues by Margaret of Navarre, P. Viret, J. Calvin, P. Dore, N. Grenier and the cyonbalummundi). Chapter headings. I. An attempted definition of the literary form of dialogue in the light of its history (multiple origins) and of 16th century theoretical texts. Ii. Fiction: spatho-temporal framework, onomastic. Iii. Configuration of the texts in respect of polyphony and philosophy (study of texts and pretexts). Iv. Voices and characters. Rhetoric (prosopopee, according to quintilven) and enunciation (cognitive, expressive and interactive aspects), (these types of characters). V. Studies and civility (berevotence, politeness, laughter), (there period). Vi. Argumentation (according to 16th century dialectics). Study of the interval dynamics. Problems and their resolution under a) questions and conversation. B) argumentation procedures in those dialogical modes (three periods). The study show coherent development towards the humorist dialogue in prose; voices and characters stave out more cleverly. Sociability, the aut spoken word and argumentation become prominent. The period discussed is characterized by a richness of invention, simple style and a tendency to gaiety
Pieri-Pellizza, Marie-Antoinette. "De la grammaire à la rhétorique : les groupes nominaux à déterminant indéfini, l'exemple de Racine." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10076.
Full textRomero, Clara. "L'intensité en français contemporain : analyse sémantique et pragmatique." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081992.
Full textKella-Konstantopoulos, Vassiliki. "La production du système d'images discursives en fonction de la programmation argumentative dans le sous genre discursif du meeting electoral." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA131015.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the stady of speech image production during electoral meeting. Its first part concerning both the construction of research subject (argument programming) and the methodology approach (the a. P. U. I. D. (analysis of speech image universe production) model at six stages. The second part refer to the situational and communicational contracts of political field and electoral time. The third part refer to the argument programming analysis. At last the forth and fifth parts concerning the analysis interpretation in the other words they concerning the way of wich the speech images are product
Dupont, Jean-Claude K. "Procès et sociabilité en matière de droits de l'homme : analyse institutionnelle, épistémologique et argumentative des fondements et des techniques de protection des droits de l'homme au Conseil de l'Europe." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN21027/document.
Full textI consider the conditions of adaptation of a model of « epistemic community » to the field of practical deliberation and evaluations. By doing so, I am able to answer the following question: how do human rights acquire an objective meaning within the system of the European Convention of Human Rights? In the first part (institutional analysis), I show that “sociability” is what is primarily at stake in the protection of human rights within the Council of Europe (ch.1). This goal of ensuring “sociability” is not foreign to the issue of the “objective meaning” of human rights, for in that regard, the mere efficiency of the European system depends on the implementation of a “public order” in the field of human rights (Ch. 2). In the second part (epistemological analysis), I show that an epistemic perspective on fundamental rights allows one to account for the efficiency (“practicability”, rationality) of the European system, but that it presupposes the development of both a dynamic criterion (“acculturation”) for the assessment of the rationality of an international system of rights (ch. 3) and of an epistemological model in which “social acceptability” would not only serve as a benchmark for the empirical acceptation of a definition of rights but also as a benchmark for their rational adjudication (Ch. 4). In the third part (argumentative analysis), I test the conditions in which such an “epistemic community” is carried out by the European court for human rights, through a critical analysis of the way European judges deal with interferences in human rights (Ch. 5). Eventually, I defend the operating value of a philosophical argumentation theory for the protection of human rights in Europe (Ch. 6)
Delmotte, Stéphanie. "La formalisation des publications scientifiques : les sciences humaines et sociales à la recherche de fondements scientifiques." Phd thesis, Paris 10, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465668.
Full textSince the 1980's, knowledge accessible via the internet has been steadily growing in importance and popularity. Since 2002, new innovating format solutions have tried to answer the issues encountered in digital processing of scientific digital publications. Scientific data needs to adapt to new ways of accessing knowledge and be standardized matching other globalization standards. Since the 1950's, various fields have been conducted critical thinking studies of the epistemological foundations on the discourse of Human and Social sciences. The use of new technologies comes along with a need to define the specific attributes of Human Sciences discourse. We are studying how the scientific communications practices have adapted with new writing, reading, referencing, editing, and disclosure practices. The digital document emergence brings the obligation to think over the content organization, structure, and method of implementation of the information in one single location to answer the needs of scientific thinking
Rady, Ahmed. "L'art de réfuter. Approche rhétorico-pragmatique du dialogue théâtral en France au XXème siècle." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030072.
Full textOf the numerous studies devoted in recent years to the study of refutation, most have aimed to shed light on refutation in its logical-semantic structure. This thesis aims to show that refutation is a full-fledged art based, like the art of argumentation, on resistance to the words of other interlocutors in theatrical dialogue, in which the logical, dialogical, semantic, rhetorical and pragmatic dimensions combine. The analysis of theatre texts has allowed us to establish that refutation, in spite of the semantic evolution of the term, is associated with the violation of social doxa and its use via topoï, figures and proofs of derived discourse. It is also associated with negation and is supported by connectors that mark opposition among the points of view of the partners in dialogue. This study seeks to contribute to the current debate by proposing a research path that appears to have borne fruit