Academic literature on the topic 'Argumentation theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Argumentation theory"
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Spieß, Constanze. "»Herr Präsident! Meine Damen und Herren! Lassen Sie mich mit einem Erlebnis beginnen« – Zum Verhältnis von Argumentation und Narration in politischen Debattenreden zur Bioethik." Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 51, no. 2 (2021): 177–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41244-021-00197-0.
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ZusammenfassungDie parlamentarischen Debattenreden um Präimplantationsdiagnostik und vorgeburtliche genetische Bluttests sind gekennzeichnet durch eine dominant argumentative Grundstruktur. Argumentationen werden in den Reden dazu eingesetzt, um Entscheidungen zu legitimieren, aber auch um Zustimmungsbereitschaft für die je eigene Sichtweise auf den Sachverhalt zu erlangen und um vom eigenen Standpunkt zu überzeugen. Dabei setzen Redner*innen in vielen Fällen Erzählungen/Narrationen ein, die in mehr oder weniger stark ausgebauter Form verwendet werden und die in einem engen Verhältnis zur Argumentation stehen. Der Beitrag arbeitet fünf Typen eines engen Verhältnisses von Argumentation und Narration in einem Korpus von 157 Debattenreden zur Präimplantationsdiagnostik und zu vorgeburtlichen genetischen Bluttests heraus und stellt die Funktionalität von Erzählungen im Kontext der argumentativen Debattenreden dar.
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Mercier, Hugo. "Some Clarifications about the Argumentative Theory of Reasoning. A Reply to Santibáñez Yañez (2012)." Informal Logic 32, no. 2 (2012): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v32i2.3598.
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In “Mercier and Sperber’s Argumentative Theory of Reasoning: From Psychology of Reasoning to Argumentation Studies” (2012) Santibáñez Yañez offers constructive comments and criticisms of the argumentative theory of reasoning. The purpose of this reply is twofold. First, it seeks to clarify two points broached by Yanez: (1) the relation between reasoning (in this specific theory) and dual process accounts in general and (2) the benefits that can be derived from reasoning and argumentation (again, in this specific theory). Second, it suggests one domain—the categorization of arguments—in which argumentation studies and the argumentative theory of reasoning could usefully complement each other to yield a better understanding of the processes of argumentation.
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Biro, John, and Harvey Siegel. "Argumentation, Arguing, and Arguments: Comments on Giving Reasons." THEORIA 26, no. 3 (2011): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.2944.
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While we applaud several aspects of Lilian Bermejo-Luque's novel theory of argumentation and especially welcome its epistemological dimensions, in this discussion we raise doubts about her conception of argumentation, her account of argumentative goodness, and her treatments of the notion of "giving reasons" and of justification.
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Henning, Tempest. "“I Said What I Said”—Black Women and Argumentative Politeness Norms." Informal Logic 41, no. 1 (2021): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v41i1.6687.
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This paper seeks to complicate two primary norms within argumentation theory: 1) engaging with one’s interlocutors in a ‘pleasant’ tone and 2) speaking directly to one’s target audience/interlocutor. Moreover, I urge argumentation theorists to explore various cultures’ argumentative norms and practices when attempting to formulate more universal theories regarding argumentation. Ultimately, I aim to show that the two previously mentioned norms within argumentation obscure and misrepresent many argumentative practices within African American Vernacular English—or Ebonics, specifically the art of signifying.
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Kaldjärv, Merle. "PRAGMA-DIALECTICS ON THE BASIS OF STATE EXAMINATION COMPOSITIONS." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 38, no. 1 (2011): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/11.38.37.
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The present research is based on a study analysing the argumentative skills of Estonian gymnasium students in state examination compositions. The aim of the study is to establish the choices made by students while writing their state exam composition as an argumentative text type. The research considers the implementation of the stages of critical discussion of the pragma-dialectical theory by F. van Eemeren and R. Grootendorst on the basis of one state examination composition (2006, code 356047). In establishing the structure of argumentation in compositions, the macrostructures by T.A. van Dijk were employed as these allow highlighting the macro speech acts expressing more complex speech acts. The stages of critical discussion of the pragma-dialectical argumentation theory could be associated with the argumentation practice used in Estonia. The implementation of the pragma-dialectical theory enhances the comprehension process of argumentative texts from the pragmatical and dialectical point of view. Key words: argumentation, dialogue, Estonian language, pragmatics, stages of critical discussion.
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Graeff, Telisa Furlanetto, and Lauro Gomes. "A relação semântica entre linguagem verbal e não verbal em tiras, com base na semântica argumentativa (The semantic relation between verbal and nonverbal language in comic strips based on the argumentative semantics)." Estudos da Língua(gem) 13, no. 1 (2015): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/el.v13i1.1278.
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Com base em princípios e conceitos da Teoria Argumentativa da Polifonia, este trabalho propõe-se verificar se a relação de sentido existente entre linguagem verbal e não verbal, no gênero textual tira, é comandada pelo linguístico. Para tanto, construiu-se, a partir dos enunciados de duas tiras, as matrizes de sentido que compreendem o conteúdo argumentativo, a atitude do locutor frente ao conteúdo e a pessoa responsável pelo conteúdo. Verificou-se que o sentido dos quadrinhos que contêm apenas linguagem não verbal está previsto na linguagem verbal, pela sua relação com os aspectos argumentativos do bloco semântico que a linguagem verbal permite evocar.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Argumentação. Enunciação. Linguagem verbal. Linguagem não verbal.
 ABSTRACTBased on principles and concepts especially of the Argumentative Theory of Polyphony, this study aims to verify if the meaning relation between verbal and nonverbal language, in the comic strip textual genre, is controlled by the linguistic. For that, there has been built up, in two comic strips, the matrix of sense of the utterances which comprises the argumentative content, the speaker’s attitude about the content and the person who is responsible for the content. It could be verified that the meaning of the comic strips that contain only nonverbal language is foreseen in the verbal language, by its relation with the argumentative aspects of the semantic block which the verbal language allows to evoke. KEYWORDS: Argumentation. Enunciation. Verbal language. Nonverbal language.
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Nasihah, Durotun, and Sonny Elfiyanto. "ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING CONSTRUCTION OF EFL WRITING CLASS THROUGH DECLARATIVE SPEECH ACTS APPROACH." IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education) 9, no. 2 (2022): 192–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v9i2.28522.
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ABSTRACTThis study investigates how Indonesian undergraduate EFL students construct argumentative essays through critical discussion using Declarative speech acts and pragmatic approaches. This study employed a qualitative research method. The data consist of argumentative essays authored by undergraduate students majoring in English at a private university in Indonesia (N=34). Students worked in pairs to discuss a controversial topic, separated into protagonist and antagonist groups. The analysis showed that students used four steps of argumentation: confrontation, opening, argumentation, and conclusion. Most students used confrontation and opening stages in the introduction, argumentation stage in developing a paragraph, and end with a conclusion. To understand the purpose of argumentation, the students used four types of speech acts, which have different functions: assertive, commissive, declarative, and directive speeches. Implementing the declarative speech acts theory helps the students comprehend argumentative writing and trains them to have good critical thinking in resolving different opinions. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana siswa EFL Indonesia menuliskan esai argumentatif melalui diskusi kritis dengan menggunakan pendekatan pragma-dialektika Van Eemeren dan Grootendorst (1970) dan pragmatis Searle (1969). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data berasal dari esai argumentatif semester ketiga yang ditulis oleh mahasiswa Indonesia di jurusan bahasa Inggris. Tiga puluh empat siswa di kelas menulis mendiskusikan topik yang berbeda. Siswa bekerja berpasangan untuk mendiskusikan topik kontroversial, dipisahkan menjadi kelompok protagonis dan antagonis. Analisis mengklaim bahwa siswa menggunakan empat langkah argumentasi: konfrontasi, pembukaan, argumentasi, dan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sebagian besar siswa menggunakan tahap konfrontasi dan pembukaan dalam pendahuluan, tahap argumentasi dalam mengembangkan paragraf, dan diakhiri dengan kesimpulan. Untuk mengetahui tujuan penggunaan argumentasi, siswa menggunakan empat tindak tutur, yang memiliki fungsi berbeda: asertif, komisif, deklaratif, dan direktif. Menerapkan teori pragma-dialektika membantu siswa memahami tulisan argumentatif dan melatih mereka untuk memiliki pemikiran kritis yang baik dalam menyelesaikan pendapat yang berbeda.How to Cite: Nasihah, D., Elfiyanto, S. (2022). Argumentative Writing Construction of EFL Writing Class Through Declarative Speech Acts Approach. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 9(2), 192-210. doi:10.15408/ijee.v9i2.28522
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Bahari, Aireen Aina, Haddi Junaidi Kussin, Raja Nor Safinas Raja Harun, Misrah Mohamed, and Norfaizah Abdul Jobar. "The limitations of conducting collaborative argumentation when teaching argumentative essays in Malaysian secondary schools." Studies in English Language and Education 8, no. 3 (2021): 1111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i3.19287.
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The writing of argumentative essays promotes higher-order thinking skills amongst students regardless of their level of studying only when it involves collaborative argumentation. Hence, argumentation researchers recommend that teachers use group argumentation to teach argumentative essays since Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory believed that group argumentation improves students’ writing skills. The study’s objective is to explore the use of group argumentation during the teaching of argumentative essays in English as a Second Language (ESL) classrooms in Malaysia. Hence, the involvement of practitioners is significant so that the full extent of the problem is known rather than being interpreted solely by researchers. This qualitative study was conducted on nine ESL teachers through convenience sampling. Data was collected through online interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings demonstrated that ESL teachers did not practice group argumentation when teaching argumentative essays. They resorted to the whole-class discussion instead. Five factors contribute to the negligence of group argumentation in ESL classrooms, that is, time, pressure to deliver curriculum, students’ attitude, students’ speaking skills, and the use of the first language (L1). The findings indicated that it is necessary to promote the teaching of argumentative essay writing using group argumentation as one of the teaching approaches in secondary schools to ensure students reap the benefits of collaborative learning to improve their argumentation skills.
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Al Shalabi, Nahla, and Tar Abdallahi. "Persuasion Mechanisms in Bilqis Story in Surat An-Naml." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 49, no. 6 (2022): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v49i6:.4040.
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Linguistic Argumentation Theory offers new conceptions of meaning. It is one of the novel semantic theories that seek to uncover the logic of language: the internal rules of discourse governing the order of words and their gradual sequence. Relying on this theory, the present paper highlights the argumentative aspects and their persuasive mechanisms in the feminist argumentation found in Bilqis’s speech. It sheds light on the objectives of this argumentation, the contexts in which it occurs, and what distinguishes it from other types of argumentation. The paper paid attention to the argumentative discourse used by Bilqis and attempted to deconstruct the argumentative structures it is made up of. It highlighted some of her personal qualities, namely reason and good governance. It observed a shift in discourse levels. While Bilqis was the one directing the discourse, especially in the first section when she was the Queen, she seemed to be the weakest link in the second section; her speech was characterized by gentleness and leniency.
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Olmos, Paula. "An argumentative approach on abduction and on the weighing of explanatory hypotheses." THEORIA. An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science 34, no. 1 (2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.18292.
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This paper makes use of the concepts and theoretical framework developed within the field of Argumentation Theory to account for the structure and characteristics of abduction and of the comparative processes of weighing explanatory hypothesis. It elaborates an analysis of abduction based on its consideration as a meta-explanatory argumentation scheme while elucidating its relations with abductive reasoning and inference. The conceptualization of comparative processes of weighing explanatory hypothesis as complex and varied argumentative structures is presented as an alternative to the idea of “inference to the best explanation”.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Argumentation theory"
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Rienstra, Tjitze. "Argumentation In Flux (Modelling Change in the Theory of Argumentation)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20151/document.
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Abstract argumentation frameworks are a widely used formalism in the field of artificial intelligence. They are used to represent conflicting information by means of a set of arguments and an attack relation. The main problem studied in the literature is their evaluation, i.e., the determination of the justified points of view on the status (accepted or not) of the arguments. The research in this thesis is motivated by the idea that this is not a static process, and that there are many real life examples in which external information plays a role. We address this issue from three points of view.First, we look at intervention and observation in argumentation. These are notions usually studied in the context of causal networks, which are structures used to encode causal connections between events. In these models, an intervention represents the active causation of an event in the interest of predicting the effects, while the passive observation of an event allows one to infer both the most likely causal explanation as well as the effects. In argumentation, intervention captures a hypothetical mode of arguing, where we hypothetically fix the status of an argument in the interest of determining the effects.An observation, on the other hand, captures a revision process: changing the status of an argument requires us to retrace our steps in the line of reasoning that led to the initial status and to accept the most likely hypothesis that explains the new status. We propose models for these two types of reasoning and analyze them using a postulate-based approach. Second, we develop a model of abduction in argumentation, where changes to an argumentation framework act as hypotheses to explain an observation. We present dialogical proof theories for the main decision problems (i.e., finding hypotheses that explain an observation) and show that this model can be instantiated on the basis of abductive logic programs.Third, we look at change in preference-based argumentation. Preferences have been introduced in argumentation to encode, for example, relative strength of arguments.An underexposed aspect in these models is change of preferences. We present a dynamic model of preferences in argumentation, based on what we call property-based argumentation frameworks. It is based on Dietrich and List's model of property-based preference and provides an account of how and why preferences in argumentation may change. The idea is that preferences over arguments are derived from preferences over properties of arguments and change as the result of moving to different motivational states. We also provide a dialogical proof theory that establishes whether there exists some motivational state in which an argument is accepted<br>Abstract argumentation frameworks are a widely used formalism in the field of artificial intelligence. They are used to represent conflicting information by means of a set of arguments and an attack relation. The main problem studied in the literature is their evaluation, i.e., the determination of the justified points of view on the status (accepted or not) of the arguments. The research in this thesis is motivated by the idea that this is not a static process, and that there are many real life examples in which external information plays a role. We address this issue from three points of view.First, we look at intervention and observation in argumentation. These are notions usually studied in the context of causal networks, which are structures used to encode causal connections between events. In these models, an intervention represents the active causation of an event in the interest of predicting the effects, while the passive observation of an event allows one to infer both the most likely causal explanation as well as the effects. In argumentation, intervention captures a hypothetical mode of arguing, where we hypothetically fix the status of an argument in the interest of determining the effects.An observation, on the other hand, captures a revision process: changing the status of an argument requires us to retrace our steps in the line of reasoning that led to the initial status and to accept the most likely hypothesis that explains the new status. We propose models for these two types of reasoning and analyze them using a postulate-based approach. Second, we develop a model of abduction in argumentation, where changes to an argumentation framework act as hypotheses to explain an observation. We present dialogical proof theories for the main decision problems (i.e., finding hypotheses that explain an observation) and show that this model can be instantiated on the basis of abductive logic programs.Third, we look at change in preference-based argumentation. Preferences have been introduced in argumentation to encode, for example, relative strength of arguments.An underexposed aspect in these models is change of preferences. We present a dynamic model of preferences in argumentation, based on what we call property-based argumentation frameworks. It is based on Dietrich and List's model of property-based preference and provides an account of how and why preferences in argumentation may change. The idea is that preferences over arguments are derived from preferences over properties of arguments and change as the result of moving to different motivational states. We also provide a dialogical proof theory that establishes whether there exists some motivational state in which an argument is accepted
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Matt, Paul-Amaury. "Argumentation as a practical foundation for decision theory." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11821.
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Baumann, Ringo. "Metalogical Contributions to the Nonmonotonic Theory of Abstract Argumentation." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-132973.
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The study of nonmonotonic logics is one mayor field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The reason why such kind of formalisms are so attractive to model human reasoning is that they allow to withdraw former conclusion. At the end of the 1980s the novel idea of using argumentation to model nonmonotonic reasoning emerged in AI. Nowadays argumentation theory is a vibrant research area in AI, covering aspects of knowledge representation, multi-agent systems, and also philosophical questions.
Phan Minh Dung’s abstract argumentation frameworks (AFs) play a dominant role in the field of argumentation. In AFs arguments
and attacks between them are treated as primitives, i.e. the
internal structure of arguments is not considered. The major focus is
on resolving conflicts. To this end a variety of semantics have been defined, each of them specifying acceptable sets of arguments, so-called extensions, in a particular way. Although, Dung-style AFs are among the simplest argumentation systems one can think of, this approach is still powerful. It can be seen as a general theory capturing several nonmonotonic formalisms as well as a tool for solving well-known problems as the stable-marriage problem.
This thesis is mainly concerned with the investigation of metalogical
properties of Dung’s abstract theory. In particular, we provide cardinality, monotonicity and splitting results as well as characterization theorems for equivalence notions. The established results have theoretical and practical gains. On the one hand, they yield deeper theoretical insights into how this nonmonotonic theory works, and on the other the obtained results can be used to refine existing algorithms or even give rise to new computational procedures. A further main part is the study of problems regarding dynamic aspects of abstract argumentation. Most noteworthy we solve the so-called enforcing and the more general minimal change problem for a huge number of semantics.
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Travers, Richard Patrick. "Confronting crisis : norms, argumentation, and humanitarian intervention." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3844fb71-e9d7-4a37-a77d-8b51ce51b452.
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The purpose of this thesis is theory development. It begins by evaluating existing explanations of why states undertake humanitarian intervention. Realists argue that states only intervene when their national interests are at stake. Normative scholars argue that states are at times motivated to save foreign citizens. Neither approach adequately accounts for the pattern of post-Cold War state practice. Building from this conclusion, the thesis conducts research based on two propositions derived from an analysis of existing debates: that examining state motive holds promise for elucidating the weaknesses in current approaches and that studying state argumentation can provide insight into state motives. To better investigate state motives, a theoretical framework is developed to explain how motives translate into state decision-making and manifest themselves in state argumentation. By employing process tracing, argumentation analysis, and elite interviews, this framework is applied to three cases: Northern Iraq in 1991, Rwanda in 1994, and East Timor in 1999. Each case study constructs a theoretically informed narrative, assesses debates between states at the United Nations Security Council, and evaluates the consistency between state discourse and state practice. The cases are then used heuristically to identify opportunities for improving existing theory and developing new theory. This yields several conclusions. First, not only do states often possess mixed motives, but the humanitarian impulse also appears in some cases to have been a necessary condition for humanitarian intervention. Second, the norm of humanitarian intervention does not function as a general rule. Rather, it is a cluster of principles derived from just war theory and international law, but also connected to related norms about sovereignty, human rights, and self-determination. Third, state decision-making is a collective process structured by the prevailing post-Cold War institutional and normative context. The thesis concludes by outlining promising avenues of research for better understanding why states respond to some occurrences of mass atrocities and not others.
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Coombes, Michael James. "Augustine's Contra Fortunatum : perspectives from critical discourse analysis and argumentation theory." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86382.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Augustine of Hippo remains one of the most prominent and influential figures in the world of Catholicism, famous for his many writings and sermons on Catholic Christianity as well as his ardent defence of it. His debate with Fortunatus, a member of the Manichaean faith presented Augustine with one of his defining moments as a member of the Catholic clergy. This is because Augustine had only been a presbyter in the Church at Hippo for a few months when this debate took place and therefore had much at stake against his wily opponent. To make matters even more complicated for Augustine, he himself had been a Manichee for at least nine years and knew Fortunatus as a skilled debater. But rhetoric, or the art of persuasion, was a field in which Augustine excelled, having both a natural proclivity for speaking as well as the formal education behind it. Chapter one begins with an introduction to the debate, the primary characters, and the religions involved. Chapter two continues with an exposition of Augustine and his association with Manichaeism and then goes on to describe Augustine‟s anti-Manichaean works. From this point, chapter two continues with a section on Manichaeism, its spread, its myth and its practice. From this contextual basis, chapter three deals with the methodology of Critical Discourse Analysis and the three most important characters in the form of Halliday, Fairclough and van Dijk. This chapter is followed by another chapter on theory: Argumentation Theory. Chapter four includes subsections on van Eemeren and his methodologies of Pragma-Dialectics and Strategic Maneuvering.
The analysis chapters of this dissertation begin with chapter five which deals with concepts from Critical Discourse Analysis and Argumentation Theory. This chapter includes subsections on categories of enquiry, followed by a section on a number of recurring devices, namely: answering questions, changing the topic and quoting scripture. A Critical Discourse Analysis section follows with subsections that include difference, evaluation and knowledge as a common ground component of contexts. This in turn is followed by sections on Argumentation Theory and Strategic Maneuvering, which include subsections on economy, efficacy and coherence; realism and wellfoundedness; logical reasoning process and pragmatic inferences; reasonableness versus effectiveness; the rhetorical perspective; discussion strategies; dialectical aims versus rhetorical aims and deceptive manoeuvring. The final analysis chapter, the Contra Fortunatum in context, includes subsections on the opening of the debate, the structure of the debate and the topics of discussion. Within this last section subsections on the Nebridian conundrum, the origin of evil, and free will occur. The next subsection dicusses topics not mentioned in the debate: the Manichaean myth, Mani and the previous friendship between Fortunatus and Augustine. Following this there are sections on Manichaeism presenting itself as a form of Christianity, the debaters talking past each other and the issues of audience composition and power relations between the various role players. Chapter seven takes a concluding look at the issue of who should be designated the winner of the debate.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Augustinus van Hippo bly een van die mees prominente en invloedryke figure in die wêreld van die Katolisisme, bekend vir sy vele skrywes en preke oor die Katolieke Christendom sowel as sy ywerige verdediging daarvan. Sy debat met Fortunatus, ʼn lid van die Manichese geloof, het aan Augustinus een van die bepalende oomblikke in sy rol as Katolieke geestelike besorg. Die rede hiervoor is dat Augustinus ten tyde van die debat nog net ʼn paar maande ʼn presbiter in die kerk in Hippo was; daarom was daar baie op die spel in die debat teen hierdie gedugte opponent. Om dinge selfs nog meer ingewikkeld vir Augustinus te maak, was hy self vir ten minste nege jaar 'n Manicheër en was hy bekend met Fortunatus se retoriese vermoëns. Retoriek, of die kuns van oorreding, was egter 'n veld waarin Augustinus uitgeblink het. Hy het beide ʼn natuurlike aanvoeling vir redevoering sowel as ʼn formele opleiding gehad. Hoofstuk een van die proefskrif begin met ʼn inleiding tot die debat, die hoofkarakters en die gelowe wat betrokke is. Hoofstuk twee gaan voort met ʼn uiteensetting van Augustinus en sy assosiasie met die Manichese geloof en beskryf ook Augustinus se anti-Manichese werke. Van hier af gaan hoofstuk twee dan verder met 'n afdeling oor die Manichese geloof, die mitologie en lewenswyse, sowel as die verspreiding van die Manicheïsme. Met hierdie kontekstuele agtergrond as basis handel hoofstuk drie oor die metodologie van Kritiese Diskoersanalise en die drie belangrikste eksponente van hierdie teoretiese rigting, Halliday, Fairclough en Van Dijk. Hierdie hoofstuk word gevolg deur nog ʼn teoretiese hoofstuk wat handel oor Argumentasieteorie. Hoofstuk vier sluit onderafdelings in oor Van Eemeren en sy metodologieë van Pragma-Dialektiek en Strategiese Maneuvers. Die ontledingshoofstukke van hierdie proefskrif begin by hoofstuk vyf wat handel oor Kritiese Diskoersanalise en Argumentasieteorie. Hierdie hoofstuk sluit onderafdelings in oor kategorieë van ondersoek, opgevolg deur ʼn gedeelte oor 'n aantal herhalende tegnieke: die beantwoording van vrae, die verandering van die onderwerp en skrifaanhalings. ʼn Volgende afdeling oor Kritiese Diskoersanalise volg daarop met onderafdelings wat verskil, evaluasie en kennis as ʼn gemeenskaplike komponent op die terrein van konteks insluit. Hierop volg 'n afdeling oor Strategiese Maneuvers. Laasgenoemde sluit onderafdelings in oor ekonomie, doeltreffendheid en koherensie; realisme en gegrondheid; logiese denkprosesse en pragmatiese gevolgtrekkings; redelikheid versus effektiwiteit; die retoriese perspektief; besprekingstrategieë; dialektiese doelwitte versus retoriese doelwitte en maneuvers van misleiding. Die finale ontledingshoofstuk, getiteld die Contra Fortunatum in konteks, sluit onderafdelings in oor die openingsreëls van die debat, die struktuur van die debat en tematiek daarvan. In die laaste afdelings word die kwessies van die Nebridiese vraagstuk, die oorsprong van boosheid en die vrye wil ingesluit. Die volgende onderafdeling bevat onderwerpe wat nie in die debat behandel word nie: die Manichese mite, Mani en die vroeëre vriendskap tussen Fortunatus en Augustinus. Daarop volg die afdelings oor die Manichese strategie om hierdie godsdiens as Christelike godsdiens voor te stel, die deelnemers se taktiek om verby mekaar te praat asook oor die samestelling van die gehoor en kwessie van die magsverhoudinge tussen die onderskeie rolspelers. Die laaste hoofstuk sluit samevattend af met 'n kort bespreking van die kwessie van wie as die wenner van die debat beskou moet word.
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ValÃrio, Yvantelmack Dantas. "Argumentation and Metaphor: an approaching Language Argument Theory and Cognitive Linguistics." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3682.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico<br>This work ains at discussing the Language Argument Theory (LAT) as presented by Oswald Ducrot and his collaborators. More specifically, it will approach the most recent LAT model: the Theory of the Semantic Blocks (SBT). The discussion will focus in argumentative enailments whose constitution comprises metaphoric expressions used as argument or conclusion for the entailment. An overview of the argument studies is presented as tentative to place the LAT in the range of these studies. Once placed the LAT, its origin and development ae discussed until the current model (SBT). Next, SBTâs principles and concepts are presented. Also are some metaphor conceptions introduced in order to justify the adoption of the cognitive metaphor model in the work. Some analyses of statements with metaphoric expressions withdrawn from opinion articles are perormed in order to confirm the thesis that the argumentative power of semantic blocks can only be established when the meanings restated by the metaphoric expressions present in the link are considered. For the treatment of those metaphoric expressions, we adopted the principles of the conceptual metaphor theory, as established by Cognitive Linguistics. Finally, itâs pondered that, being the metaphor part of our cognitive system, itâs impossible not to consider it influence in a study that intends to describe the linguistic system, for the language is directly influenced by the configuration assumed by our cognitive-conceptual system.<br>Este trabalho se propÃe discutir a Teoria da ArgumentaÃÃo na LÃngua (TAL) conforme apresentada por Oswald Ducrot e colaboradores. Mais especificamente, abordarà o modelo mais recente da TAL: a Teoria dos Blocos SemÃnticos (TBS). A discussÃo concertrar-se-à em encadeamentos argumentativos cuja constituiÃÃo comporte expressÃes metafÃricas empregadas como argumento ou conclusÃo do encadeamento. Faz-se um panoroma dos estudos de argumentaÃÃo, com o intuito de situar a TAL no quadro desses estudos. Situada a Tal, discorre-se sobre sua origem e desenvolvimento atà seu modelo atual (TBS). Mostram-se, em seguida os princÃpios e os conceitos da TBS. Apresentam-se ainda algumas concepÃÃes de metÃfora a fim de justificar a adoÃÃo, neste trabalho, do modelo de metÃfora conceitual. Realizam-se algumas anÃlises de enunciados portadores de expressÃes metafÃricas retirados de artigos de opiniÃo para defender a tese de que o valor argumentativo de bloco semÃntico somente pode ser estabelecido, quando se leva em consideraÃÃo os sentidos atualizados pelas expressÃes metafÃricas presentes no encadeamento. Para o tratamento dessas expressÃes metafÃricas adotamos os princÃpios da metÃfora conceitual, conforme estabelecidos pela LingÃÃstica Cognitiva. Pondera-se, por fim, que, sendo a metÃfora constitutiva de nosso sistema cognitivo, nÃo à possÃvel desconsiderÃ-la em um estudo que pretenda descrever o sistema lingÃÃstico, pois a lÃngua à diretamente influenciada pela configuraÃÃo assumida por nosso sistema cognitivo-conceitual.
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Simmons, Scott M. "Nihilism and Argumentation: a Weakly Pragmatic Defense of Authoritatively Normative Reasons." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1589996802190052.
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Emele, Chukwuemeka David. "Informing dialogue strategy through argumentation-derived evidence." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=179453.
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In many settings, agents engage in problem-solving activities, which require them to share resources, act on each others behalf, coordinate individual acts, etc. If autonomous agents are to e ectively interact (or support interaction among humans) in situations such as deciding whom and how to approach the provision of a resource or the performance of an action, there are a number of important questions to address. Who do I choose to delegate a task to? What do I need to say to convince him/her to do something? Were similar requests granted from similar agents in similar circumstances? What arguments were most persuasive? What are the costs involved in putting certain arguments forward? Research in argumentation strategies has received signi cant attention in recent years, and a number of approaches has been proposed to enable agents to reason about arguments to present in order to persuade another. However, current approaches do not adequately address situations where agents may be operating under social constraints (e.g., policies) that regulate behaviour in a society. In this thesis, we propose a novel combination of techniques that takes into consideration the policies that others may be operating with. First, we present an approach where evidence derived from dialogue is utilised to learn the policies of others. We show that this approach enables agents to build more accurate and stable models of others more rapidly. Secondly, we present an agent decision-making mechanism where models of others are used to guide future argumentation strategy. This approach takes into account the learned policy constraints of others, the cost of revealing in- formation, and anticipated resource availability in deciding whom to approach. We empirically evaluate our approach within a simulated multi-agent frame- work, and demonstrate that through the use of informed strategies agents can improve their performance.
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Okoroh, Nwakaego Esther Malin. "Conceptions of conservation of energy among grade seven learners in two cape town schools." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8047.
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Magister Educationis - MEd<br>The clamour in the country about the poor performance of learners in the area of physical science is a concern and this problem had been attributed to different facets of learning which include the amendment of curriculum over the years. But my question is; can the curriculum amendment succeed without effective teaching approaches? This poignant question formed the central concern for this investigation. This study examined two cohorts of grade seven learners’ conceptions of conservation of energy using a Dialogical Argumentation Instructional Model (DAIM) as well as the Traditional Lecture Method (TLM). The study involved 48 learners selected from two public schools in Cape Town. Using a quasi-experimental (Non-equivalent groups) design, the study examined the two groups from different schools (24 learners in each). It exposed one group to the Traditional Lecture Method (TLM) and the other group to a Dialogical Argumentation Instructional Model (DAIM) which was based on two argumentation frameworks– Toulmin’s Argumentation Pattern (TAP) and Contiguity Argumentation Theory (CAT).
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Hadidi, Nabila. "Unification de l'argumentation et de la théorie des jeux pour la négociation automatisée." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05S013.
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La négociation est un processus pour atteindre un accord concernant un certain sujet entre deux ou plusieurs agents. Dans la négociation basée sur la théorie des jeux, la négociation est vue comme un jeu. Un jeu est appliqué à chaque situation dans laquelle les participants interagissent pour trouver une solution. La négociation basée sur l’argumentation est faite par un échange d’arguments entre les agents négociateurs. Il y a beaucoup de travaux en négociation par la théorie des jeux qui traitent de tous les aspects de la négociation. D’autre part, les recherches en négociation par argumentation se sont principalement focalisées sur les protocoles pour réguler la négociation et les mécanismes de décisions pour générer et ordonner les offres; Cependant l’étude des aspectsstratégiques qui définissent le comportement de l’agent durant la négociation ont été largement négligés. Cela reste vrai pour la contrainte du temps.Cette thèse essaie de combler ces lacunes en travaillant en trois directions. Premièrement, un cadre pour la négociation par argumentation est proposé et qui est basé sur quelques concepts étudiés en négociation par la théorie des jeux. Ce cadre permet de classer les offres suivant les arguments qui les supportent et de négocier en utilisant une adaptation du très connu Alternating Offers Protocol proposé en théorie des jeux. Pour ce protocole une stratégie générique qui peut être utilisée avec n’importe quelle relation de préférence entre les offres et avec n’importe quelle forme de concession a été définie. Deuxièmement, cette thèse propose quelques tactiques pour la négociation par argumentation avec une contrainte de temps. Les tactiques sont basées sur l’information que l’agent possède sur son adversaire. Cette information est collectionnée durant le processus de négociation ou est obtenue en connaissant le rôle de son opposant. En dernier lieu, une évaluation expérimentale montre que les tactiques et les concessions influencent la longueur de la négociation et l’issue de la négociation, sous les hypothèses de contrainte de temps et de la connaissance de certaines informations sur l’agent adversaire<br>Negotiation is the process to reach an agreement concerning matters between two or several agents. In game theoretic negotiation, the latter is seen as a game. A game is applied to every situation in which the participants interact to find a solution. Argumentation-based negotiation is done by exchanging arguments between the participating agents. There is a lot of work in game-theoretic negotiation that deals with all the aspects of negotiation. On the other hand, research in argumentation-based negotiation has focused mainly on the protocols to regulate the negotiation and reasoning mechanisms to generate and order offers; however the study of strategic issues that define the behavior of an agent during the negotiation has been largely neglected. The same holds for the time constraint.This thesis tries to fill this gap by working in three directions. Firstly, a framework for argumentation-based negotiation is proposed which is based on some concepts studied in game-theoretic negotiation. The framework permits to set in order the different offers following the supporting arguments and to negotiate by using an adaptation of the well known Alternating Offers Protocol propounded in game theory. For this protocol a generic strategy which can be used with any form of preference relationship over the set of offers and with any form of concession is given. Secondly, this thesis proposes some tactics for time constrained argumentation-based negotiation. The tactics are based on the information that an agent possesses about his opponent agent. This information is gathered during the negotiation dialogue or is obtained by knowing the role of the opponent agent. Finally, an experimental evaluation is presented that shows how tactics and concessions may influence the negotiation length and outcome, under the assumptions of time constraints and the availability of information on the opponent
Books on the topic "Argumentation theory"
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Dyagilev, Vasiliy, and Pavel Razov. Logic. Theory of argumentation. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1085524.
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The textbook covers the main sections of the course of formal logic, the principles of drawing conclusions, the basics of argumentation and communication. The topics are presented taking into account the achievements of modern logical science.
 In addition to the theoretical part, practical tasks and texts for analytical analysis are included.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. 
 It is intended for bachelors, undergraduates and postgraduates of humanitarian specialties. It can also be used by anyone who wants to study logic and the theory of argumentation or improve their knowledge in these disciplines.
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van Eemeren, Frans H., Bart Garssen, Bart Verheij, Erik C. W. Krabbe, A. Francisca Snoeck Henkemans, and Jean H. M. Wagemans. Handbook of Argumentation Theory. Springer Netherlands, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6883-3.
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Meta-argumentation: An approach to logic and argumentation theory. College Publications, 2013.
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van Eemeren, Frans H., and Bart Garssen, eds. Topical Themes in Argumentation Theory. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4041-9.
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Koszowy, Marcin. Informal logic and argumentation theory. University of Białystok, 2009.
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van, Eemeren F. H., ed. Crucial concepts in argumentation theory. Amsterdam University Press, 2001.
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Black, Elizabeth, Sanjay Modgil, and Nir Oren, eds. Theory and Applications of Formal Argumentation. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28460-6.
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Dahlman, Christian, and Eveline Feteris, eds. Legal Argumentation Theory: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4670-1.
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van Eemeren, Frans H. Argumentation Theory: A Pragma-Dialectical Perspective. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95381-6.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Argumentation theory"
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van Eemeren, Frans H., Bart Garssen, Erik C. W. Krabbe, A. Francisca Snoeck Henkemans, Bart Verheij, and Jean H. M. Wagemans. "Argumentation Theory Argumentation theory." In Handbook of Argumentation Theory. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9473-5_1.
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van Eemeren, Frans H., Bart Garssen, Erik C. W. Krabbe, A. Francisca Snoeck Henkemans, Bart Verheij, and Jean H. M. Wagemans. "Argumentation Theory." In Handbook of Argumentation Theory. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6883-3_1-1.
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van Eemeren, Frans H., and Rob Grootendorst. "Argumentation theory." In Handbook of Pragmatics. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.m.arg1.
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van Eemeren, Frans H., and Rob Grootendorst. "Argumentation theory." In Handbook of Pragmatics. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hop.m2.arg1.
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de Bustos, Eduardo. "Parables: Crossroads Between the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor and Argumentation Theory." In Argumentation Library. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56883-6_6.
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Feteris, Eveline T. "Habermas’ Theory of Communicative Rationality." In Argumentation Library. Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9219-2_7.
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Walton, Douglas. "Ad Baculum in Argumentation Theory." In Argumentation Library. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2940-6_3.
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Blair, J. Anthony. "A Theory of Normative Reasoning Schemes." In Argumentation Library. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2363-4_12.
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Blair, J. Anthony. "A Time for Argument Theory Integration." In Argumentation Library. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2363-4_15.
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Feteris, Eveline T. "Alexy’s Procedural Theory of Legal Argumentation." In Argumentation Library. Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1129-4_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Argumentation theory"
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Hlouch, Lukáš. "Vagueness and Theory of Gaps." In Argumentation 2021. Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9972-2021-5.
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This contribution is dedicated to the concept of gap (lacuna in Latin, Lücke in German), more precisely to the theory of gaps and its role in legal thought, particularly in the Czech Republic. The starting point to this analysis is the notion of vagueness. For the beginning, different meanings of vagueness shall be presented and explained. Then the focus shall be laid on the relation between the ‘theory of gaps’ and vagueness. Therefore main attention is paid to the theoretical distinctions between various types of legal gaps and their usage in the legal practice. As a conclusion I will try to resolve the question whether or not the notion of ‘gap’ shall apply for instances of vague terms (uncertainty) of normative text.
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Tvrdíková, Linda. "Do Not Ignore the Elephant... Exploring the Role of Intuition and Experience in Judicial Decision-Making." In Argumentation 2021. Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9972-2021-2.
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If we look at the literature about judicial decision-making and interpretation of law, we can find many texts which are dedicated to legal arguments, logic and legal reasoning – in those texts the rationality, analytical and logical thinking is glorified and an interpretation seems ‘just’ as a logical operation where judges subsume certain facts under general legal norm or norms, those norms are formulated linguistically, so it seems that the whole job of judges is to analyze texts. What we can see more rarely are discussions and texts exploring the role of intuitions, feelings and emotions and their role in judicial decision-making – at least in the Czech Republic. Those of our faculties are seen as the source of bias and distortion. Even if we look to the past, those themes are not so common among legal theorists and philosophers – especially in our tradition where we are still influenced by Hans Kelsen and František Weyr and their normative theory – but we can find exceptions and those are the American legal realists. In this paper, we will show that their observations and insights seem to be right. How can we know it? Because in last decades cognitive scientists have made big progress in the area of decision-making and it seems that we are not so rational as we thought us to be. They have explored that our thinking does not take place only through the deliberative system but, surprisingly, there is also another one system which influences our decisions. This system is automatic, fast, and intuitive – some call this system S1, Seymour Epstein an experiential system. This automatic system is more influential than our deliberative system because it is always heard – we can use Jonathan Haidt’s metaphor of an elephant and a rider. S1, the intuitive, experiential system, is an elephant and S2, the deliberative, analytical system is the rider – in legal theory, we have talked about the rider a lot but we do not explore the elephant sufficiently. This paper will try to uncover the nature of the elephant.
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Longo, Luca, Bridget Kane, and Lucy Hederman. "Argumentation theory in health care." In 2012 25th IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbms.2012.6266323.
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Borg, AnneMarie, and Christian Straßer. "Relevance in Structured Argumentation." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/242.
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We study properties related to relevance in non-monotonic consequence relations obtained by systems of structured argumentation. Relevance desiderata concern the robustness of a consequence relation under the addition of irrelevant information. For an account of what (ir)relevance amounts to we use syntactic and semantic considerations. Syntactic criteria have been proposed in the domain of relevance logic and were recently used in argumentation theory under the names of non-interference and crash-resistance. The basic idea is that the conclusions of a given argumentative theory should be robust under adding information that shares no propositional variables with the original database. Some semantic relevance criteria are known from non-monotonic logic. For instance, cautious monotony states that if we obtain certain conclusions from an argumentation theory, we may expect to still obtain the same conclusions if we add some of them to the given database. In this paper we investigate properties of structured argumentation systems that warrant relevance desiderata.
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Glogar, Ondřej. "The Concept of Legal Language: Law is Language." In Argumentation 2021. Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9972-2021-3.
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This paper deals with the metaphor ‘law is language’ coined by James Boyd White and how it can be useful to understand the concept of legal language, connections between law and language and how the term language is used in the legal realm. In the beginning, the article aims to give an overview of possible approaches to legal language and continues with further analysis of one of them (the above-mentioned White’s proposition). By applying a semiotic approach to this concept, namely Saussure’s theory of distinguishing between langue (language) and parole (speaking), the paper helps to understand that language (and even legal language) can be understood in two different forms. It can be either considered an abstract system of signs, or it can be comprehended as individual speech acts – langue and parole, respectively. White’s metaphor is usually used in the meaning of texts, way of reading, writing and speaking. However, such conception corresponds to language in the sense of parole. These considerations lead at the end of the article towards the communicative theory of law and its merits to jurisprudence. According to a given doctrine, in some instances it can be more accurate to consider law as communication rather than language (and vice versa). Nevertheless, in either case, it is essential to bear in mind the distinction between both of the concepts.
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Wachsmuth, Henning, Nona Naderi, Ivan Habernal, et al. "Argumentation Quality Assessment: Theory vs. Practice." In Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-2039.
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Jasečková, Galina, Naďa Krivoňáková, and Erika Vojtová. "THEORY OF ARGUMENTATION IN THE EDUCATION." In International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.0755.
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Jha, Ria, Francesco Belardinelli, and Francesca Toni. "Formal verification of debates in argumentation theory." In SAC '20: The 35th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3341105.3373907.
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Xiong, Caiquan, Yifan Zhan, and Shaobin Chen. "An argumentation model based on evidence theory." In 2015 10th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccse.2015.7250288.
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Dauphin, Jeremie, and Claudia Schulz. "Arg Teach - A Learning Tool for Argumentation Theory." In 2014 IEEE 26th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictai.2014.120.
Full textReports on the topic "Argumentation theory"
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Rupp, Kathryn, Karyn Higgs, M. Anne Britt, Steven McGee, Randi McGee-Tekula, and Kathleen Easley. Scaffolding Scientific Argumentation in a Science Inquiry Unit. The Learning Partnership, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51420/conf.2022.2.
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Evaluating and using evidence to support a claim and providing reasoning to demonstrate why the evidence supports a claim can be a challenging practice for students to learn. In the context of an inquiry task across a science unit, we tested an evidence-sorter tool that helps students to organize and reason with evidence to support their selected claim in a unit culminating argument essay. We found that the number of evidence-reasoning pairings that students provided on their evidence-sorter tool significantly positively predicted the number of evidence-reasoning pairs in the final essay. These results suggest that helping students make more evidence-reasoning connections in the evidence-sorter tool should lead to an increased use of reasoning in the final essay.
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Kozachenko, Nadiia. Artificial relevance as a way to strengthen an argument : presentation. Department of Philosophy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/6686.
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The justification chains supporting the argument descend to beliefs that were not explicated at the start of the argumentation. They are present in the agent`s view, but they are not spoken out and are sometimes not realized. These additional beliefs are not explicitly relevant to the thesis of the argument, but they are taken out of necessity, in the process of argument mining.
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Wagenknecht, Katherin, Sarah Klemisch, and Kamila Labuda. Towards Citizen Science Communication : How can citizen science enhance science communication? Technische Hochschule Wildau, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15771/innohub_2.
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Science communication has shifted significantly in recent decades. From an early, widespread understanding that scientific findings were disseminated in a linear, closed pathway, there is now widespread acknowledgement of the need for more comprehensive and inclusive participation in science [cf. Massarani et al., 2017; Schäfer et al., 2015]. The project “Wir forschen”, which is part of the project “Innovation Hub 13 – fast track to transfer” coordinated by Technical University of Applied Science Wildau and Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, explores methodological and practical characteristics of citizen science as a form of science communication. In this project, we outline an argumentation of understanding citizen science as science communication and furthermore introduce the term citizen science communication. In the processual course of the projects, different instruments of science communication come into play, which establish a dialog between the actors and initiate exchange with different intentions and approaches. In doing so, the project contributes to the science of science communication.
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Lylo, Taras. THE IDEOLOGEME «DICTATORSHIP OF RELATIVISM» IN THE ROBERTO DE MATTEI’S ESSAYS: POSTMODERN AND POST-COMMUNIST CONTEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11100.
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The article considers relativism as a philosophical principle and the moral standpoint of a journalist. In particular, the main argumentation of Roberto de Mattei’s work «Dictatorship of Relativism» is analyzed. Like Ratzinger, the Italian publicist describes modern life as ruled by a dictatorship of relativism which does not recognize anything as definitive and whose ultimate goal consists solely of satisfying «the desires of one’s own ego». In his view, the boundaries of the main conflict of modernity lie between two visions of the world: one that believes in the existence of immutable, absolute values, and one that argues that there is nothing stable, that everything is conditional, time-dependent and can be discussed in the media. The markers of this conflict are our attitude to the famous statement of Protagoras about «man as a measure of all things: of the things that are, that they are, of the things that are not, that they are not», as well as to the non-debatable values, the status of natural and positive law, the worldview neutrality, the dehierarchization and multiplicity of truths, the equalization of all worldviews and axiological standpoint in foreign and Ukrainian media. A special attention in the article is paid to the ideological program of media-relativism, as well as to the postmodern and post-communist contexts of the issue of the penetration of relativism into the journalistic values.
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Dmytrovskyi, Zenon. THE TEXTBOOK, THAT TEACHES AND BRINGS UP. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11414.
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The review is about textbook on television and radio communication for students, teachers of faculties and departments of journalism, as well as journalists-practitioners, prepared by the author’s team edited by Vasyl Lyzanchuk. Textbok absorbed some considerations and conclusions from previous theoretical developments, which found a new meaning here, deeper argumentation, supplemented by many interesting observations that correspond to the spirit of the time, the innovations that have appeared in recent years in the media space of Ukraine. The textbook has ten sections, each of which is designed to enrich the student with knowledge of television and radio communications, teach him or her all that a media professional should know and be able to apply it in practice. The titles of the sections indicate their practical orientation: «Basic methodical measures of functioning of information radio and television genres», «How we analyze, interpret, explain facts, events, phenomena», «Features of the creation of artistic programs on radio and television» and others. All sections of the textbook are meaningfully connected and constructed in such a way as to provide students with the opportunity to gradually, step by step to deepen their theoretical and practical knowledge of television and radio communications. This is undoubtedly the merit of the authors of the edition. The student will benefit from the numerous examples of television and radio materials prepared by the students themselves. Their creative work should convince that this work can serve as a stimulus for creative work for future journalists during their years of study. In addition to professional competence, as rightly emphasized in the textbook by Professor Vasyl Lyzanchuk, “It is very important to form in students, future journalists, socio-national competence, deep understanding of the essence of freedom of speech and responsibility for the content of the spoken word and image, to develop the belief that they are active participants in the Ukrainian state-building processes, and not intermediaries or repeaters of information”. It should be noted that the educational element is present throughout the textbook starting with the first chapter, historical (author Professor Ivan Krupskyi). While studying this textbook, students should realize that from the honor of journalists, their dignity, patriotism depends on the honor, authority, bright name of Ukraine, its future; that their assertion of Ukrainian national identity is the key to further prosperity of our state.
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Döring, Thomas. John Maynard Keynes und der Friedensvertrag von Versailles – Eine Rekonstruktion aus Sicht der Verhaltensökonomik. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627239.
Full textAbstract:
Das Ziel der nachfolgenden Ausführungen ist, die Logik der Argumentation von Keynes im Licht der modernen verhaltensökonomischen Forschung zum individuellen Entscheidungsverhalten unter Berücksichtigung psychologischer Befunde zu systematischen Verzerrungen in der Wahrnehmung und Verarbeitung von Informationen, der (In-)Stabilität von Präferenzen im Zeitablauf sowie der normativen (Fehl-)Orientierung in Verhandlungssituationen zu rekonstruieren. Es wird zu diesem Zweck an Studien aus dem Bereich der empirischen Verhaltensforschung ebenso wie der experimentellen Ökonomik angeknüpft, um das aus Sicht der betroffenen Akteure – spieltheoretisch formuliert – aus dem Versailler Vertrag resultierende Negativsummenspiel zu plausibilisieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund erfolgt zunächst eine Darstellung der zentralen Einsichten und Implikationen des verhaltensökonomischen Ansatzes (Kapitel 2), wobei neben den Ursachen einer begrenzten Rationalität individuellen Entscheidungsverhaltens, der „verzerrenden“ Wirkung kognitiver Heuristiken und Illusionen sowie der Zeitinkonsistenz individueller Präferenzen auch auf die Bedeutung von Fairnessnormen und -einschätzungen für die Effizienz von Verhandlungsergebnissen näher eingegangen wird. Auf der Grundlage dieser allgemeinen Ausführungen zum Ansatz und zu den Ergebnissen der Verhaltensökonomik wird anschließend die von Keynes vorgelegte Analyse des Zustandekommens und der möglichen Folgen des Versailler Vertrages eingehend untersucht, um die vielfältigen Übereinstimmungen zwischen beiden Betrachtungsperspektiven herauszuarbeiten (Kapitel 3). Der Hinweis auf das Vorliegen von Präferenzinkonsistenzen, das Auftretens von sogenannten Ankereffekten, der Wirksamkeit von Stereotypen oder der Situationsgebundenheit des Verhaltens –um nur einige der von Keynes benannten Effekte zu nennen – lassen ihn als einen vergleichsweise „modernen Ökonomen“ er-scheinen. Dies kann zusätzlich durch den Verweis auf institutionen- wie politökonomische Überlegungen untermauert werden, die sich in seiner Bewertung des Vertragswerks ebenso finden wie die Relevanz des „Prinzips der effektiven Nachfrage“ als Quelle zu erwartender ökonomischer Krisenerscheinungen, die Keynes bereits hier im Vorgriff auf die späteren Ausführungen im Rahmen seiner „Allgemeiner Theorie der Beschäftigung, des Zinses und des Geldes“ zumindest implizit anklingen lässt (Kapitel 4).