Relevant bibliographies by topics / Arid land resource sciences

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Arid land resource sciences'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Arid land resource sciences"

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Cabello, Violeta, Ansel Renner, and Mario Giampietro. "Relational analysis of the resource nexus in arid land crop production." Advances in Water Resources 130 (August 2019): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.06.014.

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Elhag, Mohamed, Hanaa K. Galal, and Haneen Alsubaie. "Understanding of morphometric features for adequate water resource management in arid environments." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 6, no. 2 (August 10, 2017): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-293-2017.

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Abstract. Hydrological characteristics such as topographic parameters, drainage attributes, and land use/land cover patterns are essential to evaluate the water resource management of a watershed area. In the current study, delineation of a watershed and calculation of morphometric characteristics were undertaken using the ASTER global digital elevation model (GDEM). The drainage density of the basin was estimated to be very high, which indicates that the watershed possesses highly permeable soils and low to medium relief. The stream order of the area ranges from first to sixth order, showing a semi-dendritic and radial drainage pattern that indicates heterogeneity in textural characteristics, and it is influenced by structural characteristics in the study area. The bifurcation ratio (Rb) of the basin ranges from 2.0 to 4.42, and the mean bifurcation ratio is 3.84 in the entire study area, which signifies that the drainage pattern of the entire basin is controlled much more by the lithological and geological structure. The elongation ratio is 0.14, which indicates that the shape of the basin has a narrow and elongated shape. A land use/land cover map was generated by using a Landsat-8 image acquired on 10 August 2015 and classified to distinguish mainly the alluvial deposit from the mountainous rock.
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Hu, Yuxian, Ke Zhang, Yuan Li, Yanan Sun, Hongyan Li, and Gaiqiang Yang. "Human Activities Increase the Nitrogen in Surface Water on the Eastern Loess Plateau." Geofluids 2021 (June 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9957731.

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Human activities have greatly accelerated the input of nitrogen into waters, resulting in water quality degradation. Facing the water crisis of nitrogen pollution, the state of surface water in arid areas needs close attention. Although numerous studies have indicated that waters’ nitrogen is often impacted by land use covers, the correlation between the two remains obscure. This paper explored the spatial relationship between anthropogenic activity and waters’ nitrogen on the eastern Loess Plateau, based on the Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis using land use covers. There were 3 human land use types and 2 nitrogen indices used to assess the rivers’ state at the watershed scale. The results showed that rivers’ nitrogen was closely associated with human land use covers. Nitrogen pollution was most serious in urban areas. This study provided new evidence for the relationship between anthropogenic activities and river ecology. The findings may be helpful for policymakers to make strategic decisions of water resource management and land use planning in arid areas.
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Mubako, Stanley, Omar Belhaj, Josiah Heyman, William Hargrove, and Carlos Reyes. "Monitoring of Land Use/Land-Cover Changes in the Arid Transboundary Middle Rio Grande Basin Using Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10122005.

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Expanding urbanization in highly fragile desert environments requires a thorough understanding of the current state and trends of land uses to achieve an optimal balance between development and the integrity of vital ecosystems. The objectives of this study are to quantify land use change over the 25-year period 1990–2015 and analyze temporal and spatial urbanization trends in the Middle Rio Grande Basin. We conclude by indicating how the results can inform on-going water resource research and public policy discussion in an arid region. Results show that the predominant upland mixed vegetation land cover category has been steadily declining, giving up land to urban and agricultural development. Urban development across the region of interest increased from just under three percent in 1990 to more than 11 percent in 2015, mainly around the major urban areas of El Paso, Ciudad Juárez, and Las Cruces. Public policy aspects related to results from this study include transfer of water rights from agriculture to land developers in cities, higher risk of flooding, loss of natural ecosystems, and increased water pollution from point and non-point sources. Various stakeholders can find the study useful for a better understanding of historical spatial and temporal aspects of urban development and environmental change in arid regions. Such insights can help municipal authorities, farmers, and other stakeholders to strike a balance between development needs and protecting vital ecosystems that support the much needed development, especially in regions that are endowed with transboundary natural resources that often are incompletely represented in single nation data.
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ALI, HUSSIEN, KATRIEN DESCHEEMAEKER, TAMMO S. STEENHUIS, and SURAJ PANDEY. "COMPARISON OF LANDUSE AND LANDCOVER CHANGES, DRIVERS AND IMPACTS FOR A MOISTURE-SUFFICIENT AND DROUGHT-PRONE REGION IN THE ETHIOPIAN HIGHLANDS." Experimental Agriculture 47, S1 (January 2011): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479710000840.

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SUMMARYLand use and land cover changes are driven by human actions and, in turn, drive changes that alter the availability of products and services for people and livestock. For proper planning, these cause-and-effect interrelations need to be understood. This is especially important for Ethiopia where the resource base is declining and should be improved in order to feed the growing population. To better understand these interrelations, we studied trends in the natural resource base over a 35-year period for two contrasting sites in the Ethiopian Highlands: semi-arid and water-short Lenche Dima, and sub-humid and moisture-sufficient Kuhar Michael. Information was obtained using time-series satellite images, geographical positioning system, a socio-economic survey and a document review. Results showed that for sub-arid Lenche Dima there were minimal changes in land use and land cover patterns, while in water-sufficient Kuhar Michael cropland greatly increased at the expense of the grazing land and bare soil. At the same time land holding size and cattle numbers decreased in Lenche Dima while they remained the same in Kuhar Michael, although overall land holdings remained larger in Lenche Dima than in Kuhar Michael. This study thus found large differences in development of agriculture since the 1970s: intensification of agriculture is possible in the water-sufficient sub-humid climate by displacing animal husbandry with high value crops that need irrigation during the dry monsoon season. This is not possible for the semi-arid area where water is the limiting factor in production even if a market is close by. Agriculture in the semi-arid areas also requires larger land holdings because of the risk of droughts and low yields during some years. This comparative analysis suggests that without sufficient water, the shift from subsistent to commercial market-driven agriculture cannot be easily accomplished.
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Cogle, AL, J. Littlemore, and DH Heiner. "Soil organic matter changes and crops responses to fertiliser under conservation cropping systems in the semi-arid tropics of North Queensland, Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 2 (1995): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950233.

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Soil organic matter changes due to cropping in the semi-arid tropics were studied in an area with cropping potential. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen (N) decreased after clearing and tillage, but decline was less where pasture-crop rotations were used. Crop N removal was high and exceeded the recommended fertiliser N rate. These results suggest that if cropping expansion occurs, careful management the is necessary for long-term productivity and land resource protection.
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Wu, Yage, Guang Yang, Lijun Tian, Xinchen Gu, Xiaolong Li, Xinlin He, Lianqing Xue, Pengfei Li, and Senyuan Xiao. "Spatiotemporal variation in groundwater level within the Manas River Basin, Northwest China: Relative impacts of natural and human factors." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 626–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0258.

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Abstract The Manas River Basin (MRB), Northwest China, is an arid basin dependent on irrigation for agriculture, and human activities are believed to be the primary factor affecting the groundwater level fluctuations in this basin. Such fluctuations can have a significant adverse impact on the social economy, agricultural development, and natural environment of that region. This raises concerns regarding the sustainability of groundwater use. In this study, we used ArcGIS spatial interpolation and contrast coefficient variance analysis to analyse groundwater level, land-use change, and water resource consumption patterns from 2012 to 2019 in the plains of the MRB. The aim was to determine the main factors influencing the groundwater level and to provide a scientific basis for the rational development, utilisation, and management of water resources in this area. During the study period, the groundwater level decreased, increased, and then fluctuated with a gradually slowing downward trend; the decline ranged from −17.82 to −11.67 m during 2012–2019. Within a given year, groundwater levels declined from March/April to August/September, then rose from August/September to March/April, within a range of 0.29–19.05 m. Primary factors influencing the groundwater level included human activities (e.g., changes in land use, river regulation, irrigation, and groundwater exploitation) and natural causes (e.g., climate and weather anomalies). Human activities were the primary factors affecting groundwater level, especially land-use change and water resource consumption. These results provide a theoretical basis for the rational exploitation of groundwater and the optimisation of water resource management in this region.
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Rayburg, Scott, and Martin Thoms. "A coupled hydraulic–hydrologic modelling approach to deriving a water balance model for a complex floodplain wetland system." Hydrology Research 40, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 364–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2009.110.

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Wetlands, particularly those in semi-arid or arid environments, are hotspots of biological diversity and productivity. Water resource managers are therefore increasing their efforts to conserve wetlands from environmental degradation. To do this, they require a thorough understanding of the wetting and drying regimes of these wetlands, and how potential land use, climate change and water resource development might affect inundation patterns. Hydrologic models can help to enhance this understanding, and to predict and assess future impacts. However, for semi-arid environments, data to assist in model construction is scarce. This paper presents a new method for developing a water balance model for a semi-arid wetland, the Narran Lakes ecosystem in eastern Australia. This method combines hydraulic (improving our understanding of water movement through a wetland) and hydrologic (improving our predictive capability for inundation levels) models and satellite imagery (acting as calibration and validation data) to produce a predictive model of wetland inundation. We show that this coupled hydraulic–hydrologic model yields inundation patterns commensurate with those that actually occurred over more than 30 years. The model results indicate that current inundation levels are at historical lows, which is most likely associated with a naturally occurring drought and increasing water resource development upstream.
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Cui, Yaokui, Shihao Ma, Zhaoyuan Yao, Xi Chen, Zengliang Luo, Wenjie Fan, and Yang Hong. "Developing a Gap-Filling Algorithm Using DNN for the Ts-VI Triangle Model to Obtain Temporally Continuous Daily Actual Evapotranspiration in an Arid Area of China." Remote Sensing 12, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12071121.

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Temporally continuous daily actual evapotranspiration (ET) data play a critical role in water resource management in arid areas. As a typical remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST)-based ET model, the surface temperature-vegetation index (Ts-VI) triangle model provides direct monitoring of ET, but these estimates are temporally discontinuous due to cloud contamination. In this work, we present a gap-filling algorithm (TSVI_DNN) using a deep neural network (DNN) with the Ts-VI triangle model to obtain temporally continuous daily actual ET at regional scale. The TSVI_DNN model is evaluated against in situ measurements in an arid area of China during 2009–2011 and shows good agreement with eddy covariance (EC) observations. The temporal coverage was improved from 16.1% with the original Ts-VI tringle model to 67.1% with the TSVI_DNN model. The correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), bias, and mean absolute difference (MAD) are 0.9, 0.86 mm d−1, −0.16 mm d−1, and 0.65 mm d−1, respectively. When compared with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) official MOD16 version 6 ET product, estimates of ET using TSVI_DNN are improved by approximately 49.2%. The method presented here can potentially contribute to enhanced water resource management in arid areas, especially under climate change.
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Fowler, Keirnan J. A., Suwash Chandra Acharya, Nans Addor, Chihchung Chou, and Murray C. Peel. "CAMELS-AUS: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 222 catchments in Australia." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 3847–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3847-2021.

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Abstract. This paper presents the Australian edition of the Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large-sample Studies (CAMELS) series of datasets. CAMELS-AUS (Australia) comprises data for 222 unregulated catchments, combining hydrometeorological time series (streamflow and 18 climatic variables) with 134 attributes related to geology, soil, topography, land cover, anthropogenic influence and hydroclimatology. The CAMELS-AUS catchments have been monitored for decades (more than 85 % have streamflow records longer than 40 years) and are relatively free of large-scale changes, such as significant changes in land use. Rating curve uncertainty estimates are provided for most (75 %) of the catchments, and multiple atmospheric datasets are included, offering insights into forcing uncertainty. This dataset allows users globally to freely access catchment data drawn from Australia's unique hydroclimatology, particularly notable for its large interannual variability. Combined with arid catchment data from the CAMELS datasets for the USA and Chile, CAMELS-AUS constitutes an unprecedented resource for the study of arid-zone hydrology. CAMELS-AUS is freely downloadable from https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.921850 (Fowler et al., 2020a).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arid land resource sciences"

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Glassman, Rodney Britz. "Interactive Agricultural Experiences of 4th Grade Students in the Arid Southwest: An Examination of the Impact of Hands-On Learning Experiences as a Component of Agriculture in the Classroom Curriculum." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1302%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Regan, John Joseph Jr. "Land Use Predictors Affecting Land Disturbance in Exurban Arivaca, Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202972.

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Exurbanization is occurring where large tracts of land are being sold to developers. Typically these are ranches that are then divided into 40-acre parcels and sold by developers, avoiding subdivision regulations requiring paved streets, utilities and other amenities. The result is an unplanned subdivision with no infrastructure, and tax revenues that cannot offset the cost of providing it. Interviews with professional planners suggested there may be independent variables capable of predicting the amount of human disturbance in an exurban area: parcel size, full cash value, tenure, distance to paved roads, site-built housing, mobile homes, and presence of biological or riparian areas. A total of 7,465 acres (3,022 ha) of parcel disturbance were digitized in exurban Arivaca, acreage values were converted to a binary dependent variable and used in logistic regression analysis to test independent variables' predictive value. Four were statistically significant: parcel size, full cash value, mobile homes and site-built housing. Landscape fragmentation was also tested using the presence of the variable scoring highest in probability - site-built housing. Zones of influence with a negative ecological influence surrounded the homes - up to 5,055 acres (2,046 ha) were impacted. Interviews with an exemplary sample of residents regarding their land use ethic found all had very strong opinions on how their properties should be treated as well as undesirable land uses such as overgrazing, over-use of groundwater for short-term economic gain and use of off-road vehicles. An explanation of the small sample size of both planners and residents is warranted. Planners were limited to those working in Pima County government who had professional experience with the study area of Arivaca and were familiar with its particular situation. The number of Arivaca residents interviewed was intended to discern an exemplary group's opinions based on how large a parcel they owned, the various sizes being a typical cross-section of acreage in the study area. What these findings illustrate is (1) the difficulty of predicting human-induced disturbance, (2) land fragmentation is more than the actual areas of physical disturbance and (3) some residents are aware of impacts related to their activities, mitigating damage wherever possible.
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Haverland, Arin C. "Considering Climate Change Through Global Water Initiatives." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579107.

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Hundreds of international water institutions have been established over the last three decades in an attempt to address global water issues. Despite great efforts by these and other institutions, a significant percentage of the world's population still lacks access to clean water and sanitation facilities. Although billions of dollars have been spent on development, infrastructure and public health endeavors meant to tackle such issues, little research has been done to examine how these often influential organizations known as global water initiatives (GWIs) are addressing such urgent issues in the face of a rapidly changing climate. As water is central to the hydrological cycle, and affected by changes in climate, examining the role of GWIs in the use and translation of climate-change science may lead to better understanding of the mechanisms through which such organizations are linking climate change to their work in water management and governance. By examining 170 GWIs through two distinct phases of methodology, it was found that GWIs are addressing climate change issues through their work with water. Evidence presented in this research supports the claim that GWIs have adopted climate change as part of their overall operational frameworks and that their missions may be supported and ultimately achieved through the addition of climate-change science. While GWIs are shown to use climate-change science in setting objectives, and in decision making, it was also found that issues of cost, access, and utility remain as significant barriers. Findings presented in this study also suggest that intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, alongside professional societies dedicated to trades and disciplines related to water, are among the most important categories of GWIs, and as such, operate within a series of complex networks. This research also revealed that activities and outputs of GWIs enhance water management and governance, contribute to the world's knowledge base on water, and highlight the need to acknowledge GWIs as an important and prominent aspect of the global water dialogue.
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El, Vilaly Mohamed Abd salam Mohamdy. "Drought Monitoring with Remote Sensing Based Land Surface Phenology Applications and Validation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301553.

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Droughts are a recurrent part of our climate, and are still considered to be one of the most complex and least understood of all natural hazards in terms of their impact on the environment. In recent years drought has become more common and more severe across the world. For more than a decade, the US southwest has faced extensive and persistent drought conditions that have impacted vegetation communities and local water resources. The focus of this work is achieving a better understanding of the impact of drought on the lands of the Hopi Tribe and Navajo Nation, situated in the Northeastern corner of Arizona. This research explores the application of remote sensing data and geospatial tools in two studies to monitor drought impacts on vegetation productivity. In both studies we used land surface phenometrics as the data tool. In a third related study, I have compared satellite-derived land surface phenology (LSP) to field observations of crop stages at the Maricopa Agricultural Center to achieve a better understanding of the temporal sensitivity of satellite derived phenology of vegetation and understand their accuracy as a tool for monitoring change. The first study explores long-term vegetation productivity responses to drought. The paper develops a framework for drought monitoring and assessment by integrating land cover, climate, and topographical data with LSP. The objective of the framework is to detect long-term vegetation changes and trends in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) related productivity. The second study examines the major driving forces of vegetation dynamics in order to provide valuable spatial information related to inter-annual variability in vegetation productivity for mitigating drought impacts. The third study tests the accuracy of remote sensing-derived LSP by comparing them to the actual seasonal phases of crop growth. This provides a way to compare and validate the various LSP algorithms, and more crucially, helps to characterize the remote sensing-based metrics that contrast with the actual biological phenophases of the crops. These studies demonstrate how remote sensing data and simple statistical tools can be used to assess drought effects on vegetation productivity and to inform about land conditions, as well as to better understand the accuracy of satellite derived LSP.
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Payan, Rafael. "How Do We Keep Conservation Alive When Kids Have Less and Less Contact with Nature?" Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223314.

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An unsettling trend is gaining momentum - many Americans may be losing their interest in the `natural world'. According to research undertaken by Patricia Zaradic, an Environmental Leadership Program fellow in Bryn Mawr, and Oliver Pergams of the University of Illinois at Chicago, "nature just isn't as entertaining as it used to be." Studies of Americans' recreational habits show a nearly 25 percent per capita decline in camping, fishing, hunting and visits to state and national parks since the mid-1980s (Gambino 2008). Like "climate change," some suggest that the downward trend in outdoor recreation by Americans is a manifestation of fiction rather than fact. But the trend is unmistakable: A smaller percentage of people in the United States and elsewhere are participating in outdoor recreation (Smith 2008). Pergams and Zaradic show a trend in human behavior that ultimately may be far more foreboding for the environment than declining tropical forest cover or increasing greenhouse gas emissions - widespread declines in nature-based recreation (Kareiva 2008). The question that has yet to be answered is to what degree this trend will have in influencing our society's future and in how we will value - or devalue - our natural environment. Will future generations that grow up and live in a world estranged from the natural environment want to protect it? America's 200-year conservation tradition may be at risk. Two dominant factors influenced the environmental philosophies of notable historic American conservationists. One was their direct and repeated interaction with the natural world beginning at a very early age; the other was an environment-focused family tradition. These same factors influenced the environmental ethos of today's conservationists, land managers and environmental educators. It is impossible to determine if these factors will be of equal significance one hundred years from now. However, we can predict with reasonable certainty based on the recent historic record, motivators identified by current environmentalists, and the results of independent surveys of adolescent subjects reported in this study that, at least for now and for the foreseeable future, if implemented in combination with others variables, these will favorably influence the conservation ethic of our youngest citizens.
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Woods, Steven Richard. "Woody plant proliferation in desert grasslands: perspectives from roots and ranchers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321001.

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The widespread proliferation (or 'encroachment') of trees and shrubs in grasslands over the past 150 years is embedded in both natural and human systems. This dissertation addressed the following ecological and ethnoecological questions. Can seedling traits help us understand why so few woody species have encroached markedly into North American desert grasslands, and the conditions likely to promote their proliferation? What is the role of informal knowledge of the environment in efforts to manage woody plant abundance? Woody seedling survival often depends on rapid taproot elongation. In glasshouse experiments, initial water supply markedly affected taproot elongation in young seedlings. Response patterns may help explain recruitment patterns in Larrea tridentata, the principal evergreen woody encroacher in Sonoran and Chihuahuan Desert grasslands, and in Prosopis velutina and Prosopis glandulosa, the principal deciduous woody encroachers in Sonoran and Chihuahuan Desert grasslands, respectively. P. velutina and P. glandulosa showed greater sensitivity to water supply levels at the seedling stage than did the similar, related non-encroachers, Acacia greggii, Parkinsonia florida and Parkinsonia aculeata . This enabled the Prosopis species to overcome lower seed and seedling biomass to achieve similar taproot length to A. greggii and the Parkinsonia species. Consequently, population level advantages of lower seed mass, such as high seed numbers, may enhance encroachment potential in the Prosopis species without being negated by corresponding seedling survivorship disadvantages. I used semi-structured interviews to document informal rangeland monitoring by ranchers in southeast Arizona. Ranchers used qualitative methods to assess forage availability, rangeland trends and responses to woody plant suppression measures. Informal rangeland assessments informed ranchers' management decisions on sub-yearly, yearly and multi-year timescales. Informal monitoring appeared largely compatible with formal monitoring and natural science, and most ranchers integrated the two systems. Informal rangeland assessments can be valuable in planning woody plant suppression measures, particularly in light of the small number of formal long-term studies of brush suppression. Ecological studies may help predict places and periods of relatively rapid encroachment, perhaps enabling early or pre-emptive brush suppression measures. Thus, both seedling ecology and informal environmental knowledge are likely to be useful in managing woody plant populations in desert grasslands.
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Hilliard, Josephine Antoinette. "Unintended Consequences: A Study of Federal Policy, the Border Fence, and the Natural Environment." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333042.

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Borders and border barriers can be breached and boundaries and political agendas can change. The Great Walls of China, Hadrian's Wall, and the Iron Curtain have lost their strategic value. Walls are contested presently in the Middle East. And the unpopulated DMZ in Korea, while still of strategic value, is being recognized for its biodiversity and resurgence of endangered flora and fauna. Presently, the United States is building a defensive wall along the U.S.-Mexico border in the name of national security and to stem the tide of drug and human trafficking. In the process it has waived numerous environmental laws thereby putting transboundary ecosystems in danger of irreparable harm. Why should there be interest? For the reason, as put forth by Mumme and Ibáñez, that while much attention has been paid to adverse environmental effects within the United States, "little attention has been given to the potentially complicated effects of the international boundary, water, and environmental agreements to which [the United States and Mexico] are party should Mexico choose to press its rights at the level of international law. . . . As international treaties and protocols, these agreements enjoy a legal standing that may supersede the authority of most domestic legislation." The implications are far reaching. Mexico has sent diplomatic notes to the U.S. embassy in Mexico and to the U.S. Department of State, and the Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT), Mexico's environment secretariat, has held informal talks with the Department of the Interior (DOI) and with the Secretary of Homeland Security--all apparently of no avail. Canada's notes have been similarly ignored by the Department of Homeland Security. What then for the U.S-Mexico border fence? Will it eventually become a relic of past political policy? Is the United States to ignore the lessons of the past and void its environmental treaties and agreements with Mexico? Should we not be concentrating on comprehensive immigration reform and the causes of drug abuse in the United States rather than a short-term solution to long-term problems?
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Navarro, Navarro Luis Alan. "Social embeddedness of traditional irrigation systems in the Sonoran Desert: a Social Network Approach." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222614.

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This research applied the social network approach to unveil the social structure underlying the members of two traditional irrigation systems (TISs) in Sonora. This research used two TIS case studies representing rural communities located in arid and semiarid lands in the Sonoran Desert region, in the northwestern part of Mexico. The irrigators represented a subset of rural villages where everyone knew everyone else. The theoretical framework in this study suggested that social embeddedness of the economic activities of TIS irrigators is an important factor supporting their local institutions. Irrigators who are socially embedded posses more social capital that help them in overcoming social dilemmas. Evidence of social embeddedness is theoretically incomplete when not related to a tangible dimension of the TIS's performance. This research also dealt with the difficulty of assessing the sustainability or successfulness of a TIS. The results showed that the irrigators sharing a rural village are entangled in a mesh of social ties developed in different social settings. The most salient variable was family; cooperative ties within the irrigation system tend to overlap more than the expected by chance with kinship relationships. Likewise, irrigators had a strong preference for peers geographically close or those within the same irrigation subsector. Finally, the qualitative part of the study did not reveal the presence of severe social dilemmas. Irrigators in each community have developed successful forms of local arrangements to overcome the provision and appropriation issues typical of common pool resources. Nevertheless, the qualitative analysis revealed that there are other socioeconomic variables undermining the sustainability of the systems, such as migration, water shortages and social capacity of the systems.
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Cronyn, Nelson. "Global Change and Livelihood Adaptations among the Tuareg of Niger." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265593.

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Rural households in the West African Sahel have developed livelihood systems that allow them to survive in one of the most challenging social-ecological systems on Earth. These households have experienced environmental shocks including droughts, floods, and extreme heat for hundreds of years, and have well-established coping and adaptation mechanisms that allow them to recover from all but the most severe shocks. Climate change, particularly increased climatic variability, may stress Sahelian livelihood systems to the point that households must deploy a new set of coping and adaptation strategies in order to survive. This research, conducted as three interrelated mixed-method studies, explores the coping and adaptation strategies used by Tuareg transhumant pastoralists in Niger starting with the deep drought of 1968-1974.The first study involves rural households in the Tahoua Region of central Niger. These households have adapted to climate change and other livelihood stressors primarily by diversifying their assets, utilizing new technologies, and reducing the length of their annual transhumance. While there are donor-funded programs designed to assist rural households with adaptation to climate change, the households in this study have not been the beneficiaries of such programs. The second study attempts to disentangle climate shocks from other factors driving rural-urban migration while also exploring which households migrate to urban areas, and why. Climate change is perceived as the main factor driving rural-urban migration, as well as other livelihood changes. Household-level preferences, management skills, and luck played a greater role that asset endowments in determining which households would migrate to urban areas. The third study focused on livelihood strategies of households that had migrated to, and settled in, urban areas. These households worked hard to maintain social capital with their rural kin while also building social capital in their new urban environment. Social capital with expatriates and urban elites was an important element of urban households' asset endowment. Urbanized households possess significantly fewer livestock than their rural counterparts, and struggle to manage the cash earned from relatively low-paying wage labor. These three studies demonstrate that pastoralists perceive climate change as a significant driver of changes in livelihood strategies. Pastoralists' perceptions of climate change broadly match climate data. Furthermore, pastoralists, with little to no assistance from the state or development organizations, are successfully adapting to climate change in ways that are likely to increase their resilience to future climate shocks.
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Förch, Wiebke. "Community Resilience in Drylands and Implications for Local Development in Tigray, Ethiopia." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265354.

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Progress in human development is threatened by the complexities of global environmental change - a defining challenge of our time. Appropriate societal responses are needed to address disturbances and increasing vulnerability of social-ecological systems. This changing context calls current development thinking into question and requires new approaches, policies, and tools to cope with growing uncertainty. With a focus on capacities instead of vulnerabilities, an approach is needed emphasizing the role of communities in planning interventions and strengthening community resilience. This research draws on vulnerability, social-ecological systems and drylands development theory to advance an integrated understanding of resilience at community level and its role towards sustainable development. To develop a general approach for development actors to characterize a community's resilience and plan locally targeted interventions is the overall objective of this research. A participatory approach towards defining and assessing community resilience forms the basis, as it is assumed this would enable development actors to more efficiently address development concerns and empower communities to strengthen their resilience. Underlying factors that determine community resilience in selected dryland communities in Tigray, northeastern Ethiopia are identified. Here, most of the population depends on subsistence agriculture, while food insecurity and poverty persist despite concerted regional development efforts. This research compares and consolidates local perceptions of determinants of community resilience that form the basis for guidelines towards a methodological framework for determining levels of community resilience in Tigray. The guidelines were used to compare levels of community resilience of communities, with implications for operationalizing community resilience in the context of drylands development practice. Findings reflect the importance of recognizing that resilience is not about maintaining a status quo, but about addressing how societies can develop in a changing environment. Prominence of resilience thinking can promote a development practice better suited to address the challenges and opportunities that changes create for poor dryland communities. Resilience thinking does not provide quick solutions, but contributes a long-term, multi-dimensional perspective of building capacities for improved responses to current needs and future change. Resilience is not a solution in itself but can contribute towards developing more resilient trajectories for drylands development.
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Books on the topic "Arid land resource sciences"

1

Mathur, H. S. Land resource evaluation by remote sensing. Jaipur, India: Pointer Publishers, 1990.

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Bogle, David C. Resource directory for computer based learning in land use and environmental sciences. Aberdeen: CTI Centre for Land Use Studies, University of Aberdeen, 1994.

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Lane, Charles R. Who should own the range?: New thinking on pastoral resource tenure in drylands Africa. London: International Institute for Environment and Development, Drylands Programme, 1994.

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), National Applied Resource Sciences Center (U S. National Applied Resource Sciences Center : FY 1999 : annual report. [Denver, Colo.]: United States, Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, National Applied Resource Sciences Center, 1999.

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Mainstreaming drylands issues into national development frameworks: Generic guidelines and lessons learnt. Nairobi: United Nations Development Programme, Drylands Development Centre, 2008.

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Resources, Canada Natural. The contribution of earth sciences to sustainable land and resource management: A Canadian contribution to the land use dialogue at the eighth session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, April 24-May 5, 2000. Ottawa: Natural Resources Canada, 2000.

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Radosevich, Steven R. Ecology of weeds and invasive plants: Relationship to agriculture and natural resource management. 3rd ed. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007.

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Dixon, John A. The economics of dryland management. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd., 1989.

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Canada. The contribution of earth sciences to sustainable land and resource management : a Canadian contribution to the land use dialogue at the eighth session of the United Nations Commission on Sustanable Development, April 24 to May 5, 2000 =: La contribution des sciences de la Terre à la gestion durable des ressources et des terres : une contribution canadienne au dialogue sur l'utilisation des terres qui se tiendra la huitième session de la Commission du développement durable des Nations Unies, du 24 avril au 5 mai 2000. Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada = Environnement Canada, 2000.

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American Society of Pharmacognosy. Interim Annual Meeting. Intellectual property rights, naturally derived bioactive compounds and resource conservation: Proceedings of an international symposium, San Jose, Costa Rica, October 20-22, 1994. Edited by Soejarto Djaja Djendoel and Rivier Laurent. Shannon: Elsevier Science Ireland, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Arid land resource sciences"

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Mupambwa, Hupenyu A., Martha K. Hausiku, Andreas S. Namwoonde, Gadaffi M. Liswaniso, Mayday Haulofu, and Samuel K. Mafwila. "Climate Change Implications and Mitigation in a Hyperarid Country: A Case of Namibia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2247–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_225.

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AbstractNamibia is the most arid country in sub-Saharan Africa characterized by the existence of two deserts, the Namib and the Kalahari. However, though being arid, agriculture still plays a critical role in Namibia’s economy, which includes both crop and animal production. Furthermore, the country is endowed with vast marine resources, with its marine waters being equivalent to two-thirds of Namibia’s terrestrial environment. In the face of climate change and a growing population, there is a need for Namibia to continue with its climate smart efforts which is critical in shifting the country from its current dependency on imports thus increasing the country’s food self-sufficiency. This chapter highlights the threats posed by climate change, both on land and the marine environment of the country, which has potential negative impacts on the economy. Current research being undertaken in Namibia on ocean acidification, sea water harvesting, climate smart agriculture, and atmospheric science, is also highlighted in this chapter. The information presented in this chapter will be critical in guiding climate change mitigation policies in hyperarid African countries, thus reducing the burden caused by the global change in climate. Aspects on the direction of future research on climate adaptation with a holistic and multidisciplinary approach are also proposed.
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Baum, Tilman. "Simulating Land Use of Prehistoric Wetland Settlements: Did Excessive Resource Use Necessitate a Highly Dynamic Settlement System?" In Computational Social Sciences, 255–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31481-5_9.

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Raghuvanshi, M. S., Mahesh K. Gaur, and R. K. Goyal. "Vulnerability of Resource-Poor Farmers to Climate Change and Traditional Adaptation Pattern at High-Altitude Cold Arid Region." In Food Security and Land Use Change under Conditions of Climatic Variability, 311–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36762-6_16.

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Rugumamu, William. "The Impact of Agricultural Technology on Sustainable Land Resource Utilization in Africa: The Case of Semi-Arid Tanzania." In Environment and Sustainable Development in Eastern and Southern Africa, 144–60. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26643-2_10.

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Maguta, John Kibe, Daniel M. Nzengya, Chrocosiscus Mutisya, and Joyce Wairimu. "Building Capacity to Cope with Climate Change-Induced Resource-Based Conflicts Among Grassroots Communities in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2611–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_131.

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AbstractKenya is among the world’s most vulnerable countries to climate change-related stresses and extreme events. According to FAO, over 75% of the country is classified as arid and semiarid with rainfall availability and amounts quite unevenly spread across the different parts of the country. The country has very skewed distribution of water sources with the western area being relatively well endowed with abundant water resources. The exponential growth in the country’s population over the years, together with rapid environmental degradation and poor water resource development programs, have worsened the country’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change. Ethnic conflicts over land resources are common-place in Kenya’s rural areas where majority of the people live and the effects of extreme climate change events are likely to exacerbate resource-based conflicts. In this chapter we explore the extent of climate change-induced resource conflicts in three counties along rainfall availability gradient, namely, Kiambu County which experiences relatively high rainfall and also high urban population, Machakos County, which generally experiences modest rainfall availability, and Makueni County regarded to be one of the most arid and semiarid counties in the country. Data were collected in 2017 using a closed ended questionnaire. Between-subjects MANOVA design was used to examine relationship between independent and dependent variables. Qualitative results of the open-ended question reveal that climate change impacts can be diverse, particularly for vulnerable regions such as arid and semiarid regions such as Makueni County. In this county, respondents mentioned nine ways climate change had impacted communities, with the most frequently mentioned impact being increasing food insecurity followed by increasing water shortages. Machakos followed with seven impacts mentioned starting with increased water shortages followed by scarcity of pasture. In Kiambu County, only four impacts were mentioned with food insecurity being frequently mentioned among the list of impacts of climate change in the county. Results of the descriptive and inferential statistics reveal that resource-based conflicts vary along the hydrological gradient. In Machakos County, resource-based conflicts are perceived to have risen during the last 5 years (M = 3.92, SD = 0.66), followed by Makueni (M = 4.10, SD = 0.670). Kiambu residents do not consider resource-based conflicts to have risen during the last 5 year, (M = 2.50, SD = 1.38). Differences in severity of climate related conflicts are statistically significant, F2, 76 = 12.78, p <0.01. Also, climate change is strongly perceived to be a factor in the rise of resource-based conflicts in Machakos County (M = 4.10, SD = 0.67). In Makueni County as well, climate change is perceived to be a significant contributor to resource-based conflicts (M = 3.98, SD = 1.70). These findings have relevance on county and national policies targeted to build capacity to cope with climate change induced resource-based conflicts among grassroot communities in Kenya.
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"Multispectral Remote Sensing Over Semi-arid Landscapes for Resource Management." In Spatial Information for Land Use Management, 153–68. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482283129-22.

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Campos, E., J. García, E. Neavez, K. E. Foster, B. K. Mortensen, and J. Taylor. "Technology Assessment in Arid Land Renewable Resource Development: Guayule in Mexico*." In Natural Resources and Development in Arid Regions, 313–51. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429049378-20.

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Shahid, S., R. Misak, S. Omar, and H. Rizq. "Land Resource Stresses and Degradation in the Arid Environment of Kuwait." In Desertification in the Third Millennium, 351–60. Taylor & Francis, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe9058095718.ch37.

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Dash, M., M. Dawoud, and H. Haouqani. "Groundwater monitoring evaluation and optimization in arid regions." In Arid Land Hydrogeology: In Search of a Solution to a Threatened Resource, 67–73. Taylor & Francis, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833421.pt2.

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"- CHANGES OF SOIL BACTERIAL DIVERSITY AS A CONSEQUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE IN A SEMI-ARID ECOSYSTEM." In Agricultural Resource Use and Management, 146–69. Apple Academic Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17304-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Arid land resource sciences"

1

Stark, Jeremy, Julius Yellowhair, John N. Hudelson, Mark Horenstein, and Malay Mazumder. "Optical Modeling of Reflectivity Loss Caused by Dust Deposition on CSP Mirrors and Restoration of Energy Yield by Electrodynamic Dust Removal." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6506.

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For large scale CSP power plants, vast areas of land are needed in deserts and semi-arid climates where uninterrupted solar irradiance is most abundant. These power facilities use large arrays of mirrors to reflect and concentrate sunlight onto collectors, however, dust deposition on the optical surfaces causes obscuration of sunlight, resulting in large energy-yield losses in solar plants. This problem is compounded by the lack of natural clean water resources for conventional cleaning of solar mirrors, often with reflective surface areas of large installations exceeding a million square meters. To investigate the application of transparent electrodynamic screens (EDS) for efficient and cost effective dust removal from solar mirrors, both optical modeling and experimental verifications were performed. Prototype EDS-integrated mirrors were constructed by depositing a set of parallel transparent electrodes into the sun-facing surface of solar mirrors and coating electrodes with thin transparent dielectric film. Activation of the electrodes with a three-phase voltage creates an electrodynamic field that charges and repels dust electrostatically by Coulomb force and sweeps away particles by a traveling electrodynamic wave. We report here brief discussions on (1) rate of deposition and the properties of dust with respect to their size distribution and chemical composition in semi-arid areas of the southwest US and Mojave Desert and their adhesion to solar mirrors, (2) optical models of: (a) specular reflection losses caused by scattering and absorption by dust particles deposited on the surface based on Mie scattering theory, and (b) reflection loss by the integration of EDS on the mirror surface, computed by FRED ray-tracing model. The objective is to maintain specular reflectivity of 90% or higher by frequent removal of dust by EDS. Our studies show that the incorporation of transparent EDS would cause an initial loss of 3% but would be able to maintain specular reflectivity more than 90% to meet the industrial requirement for CSP plants. Specular reflection measurements taken inside a climate controlled environmental chamber show that EDS integration can restore specular reflectivity and would be able to prevent major degradation of the optical surface caused by the deposition of dust.
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Shafer, D. S., J. B. Chapman, A. E. Hassan, G. Pohll, K. F. Pohlmann, and M. H. Young. "Long-Term Stewardship and Risk Management Strategies for Inactive Nuclear Test Sites in the United States." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4614.

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Characterizing and managing groundwater contamination associated with the 828 underground nuclear tests conducted at the Nevada Test Site are among the most challenging environmental remediation issues faced by the U.S. Department of Energy. Although significant long-term stewardship and risk management issues are associated with underground nuclear tests on the Nevada Test Site, of possible equal concern are a smaller number of underground nuclear tests conducted by the United States, 12 total, at eight sites located off the Nevada Test Site. In comparison to the Nevada Test Site, the U.S. Department of Energy has minimal institutional controls at these “offsite test areas” (Offsites) to serve as risk barriers. The corrective action and closure strategy under development for the Central Nevada Test Area and proposed recommendations [1] concerning long-term stewardship for this and the other Offsites illustrate long-term stewardship and risk management strategies applicable to underground nuclear test areas in the United States. The groundwater flow and transport model for the Central Nevada Test Area, site of the 1968 Faultless underground nuclear test, is the first model accepted by a U.S. state regulator (the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection) for an underground nuclear test area. Recommendations for the Central Nevada Test Area and other Offsites include developing decision support models to evaluate the impacts of future changes of land and water uses on previous decisions involving groundwater-use restrictions. Particularly for the Offsites in arid states such as Nevada, New Mexico, and Colorado, it is difficult to envision all future demands on subsurface resources. Rather than trying to maintain complex flow and transport models to evaluate future resource-use scenarios, decision support models coupled with original contaminant flow and transport models could be used as scoping tools to evaluate the sensitivity of previously established resource-use boundaries. This evaluation will determine if the previously established boundaries are still adequate for proposed new land and resource uses or if additional data collection or modeling will be necessary to make technically sound decisions. In addition, previously developed Data Decision Analyses, used to quantitatively evaluate the costs and benefits of different data collection activities conducted during the site characterization phase, could be maintained as a long-term stewardship tool to identify new data collection efforts, if necessary as indicated by a decision support model.
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